590 lines
46 KiB
XML
590 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="269780" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56ab3090-85e3-4733-a5e9-08d0e6a52e93" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-234-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" ModsDocID="1314-2003-234-1" checkinTime="1695979647631" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wessapak, Paweena, Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai & Duangjai, Suthee" docDate="2023" docId="904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 234: 1-33" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 234" docPubDate="2023-09-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486" docTitle="Cenchrus echinatus L., Sp. Pl.: 1050. 1753." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Cenchrus L. (Poaceae) in Thailand, with lectotypification of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth." masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1695980269918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ED677F1FE84BC5C8ADB9F8C595177B20">A taxonomic revision of Cenchrus L. (Poaceae) in Thailand, with lectotypification of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8EBFE78DE00F02F940EBB3A68D76E5B3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9CD87A1665CB7B1C0D5CD944C6E0020C">Wessapak, Paweena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D4C87D971763F4A8C39A7DD498FF767">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A646BAAF0A93171B2CFED2C528363998">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F7DD23FF915D0A475013F9FA93D2BDEE">Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E0F61634881A903E96E13CCFC9E6B46F">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4672E20EE4450338E1357141A9E1664C" type="email">fsciccn@ku.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3D42CBD87B6FD415535BD7CBFF49A25B">Duangjai, Suthee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2BD8A8DB0E669E4C31E78329304FA733" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-759X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="77B575C8B74D811AC24A0E3A25D20A38">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="83F4150EDAFC45E846056276C421F03D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E8AEDB655BDDED1373EA87390F90C32C">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="821789B29E87FE50784385F15FE7619E">
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<mods:date id="9F0D03C98F1031EB2E1BD3FD79E90511">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2751F3C309DF9A16EF221E0583A056AB">2023-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C4D2D6C659B5DAB299BDD68F52511E4C">234</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B3824782811FD9A5E68C10828D26E00A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BD73329A38FA2590C54CDC56174FB0C8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<subSubSection id="2717DF0229BBD5DE4EAA952B5085D69E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="353EBD8677C227354283B6C4E663FFFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="E10C6F7DDEC79F41719489830EC2FA75" ID-CoL="S5FJ" ID-ENA="173841" LSID="904F188F-77A1-5336-B008-61F518365C21" authority="L., Sp. Pl.: 1050. 1753." authorityName="L., Sp. Pl.: 1050. 1753." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus echinatus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatus">Cenchrus echinatus L., Sp. Pl.: 1050. 1753.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BE7199C60D60B8F10499C67A65E83779" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C1E847E2DB51A2398C395E502CBE9884" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="B13C6D60E42B2F5E28F0DCD93E756569" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Cenchrus echinatus L. A habit B ligule C spikelets with involucre D lower glumes E upper glumes F lower lemmas G lower paleas H upper lemmas I upper paleas J caryopsis. (Drawn from P. Wessapak 361 by Paweena Wessapak)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913563" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1B60DDFFF4722F2E45B7211AEFAA1B0A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cenchrus echinatus L. A habitat B inflorescence C spikelets with involucre. (Photographs: Paweena Wessapak)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913564" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E241873C5BE1A7A38A4CD68BA1B5DDCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4DC9AEC08179750B179FDA4B5A6E0E21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BD68ACDB840F983DA945F42EE99500B6" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus pungens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pungens">= Cenchrus pungens</taxonomicName>
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Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 115. 1816. Type: Peru, Guyaquil, F. W. H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P [P00669360] seen on digital image).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C2573EED051253C306209B627218FC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9FC6F87AFE9425D1CFB286556F10D313" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus brevisetus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevisetus">= Cenchrus brevisetus</taxonomicName>
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E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 50. 1886. Type: Mexico, Orizaba, 1866,
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<emphasis id="9D52FD65BFBFA9B0B4566F77AF7B7533" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bourgeau 3140</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="66151F58B9C8598B9B1AB2421E45C341" author="Gutierrez, HF" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="263 - 269" refId="B16" refString="Gutierrez, HF, Morrone, O, 2012. Novedades nomenclaturales en Cenchrus s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 47 (1-2): 263 - 269" title="Novedades nomenclaturales en Cenchrus s. l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)." volume="47" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken id="676DAB72068B0B20B359F7B8D3371E41" originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
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||
and Morrone 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pg. 266: G [G00099346], seen on digital image; isolectotypes: BR n.v., K [K000643125!]). ≡
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<taxonomicName id="E26057D7B84560BE3050CB45ACF1AF28" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus echinatus subsp. var. var. brevisetus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="echinatus" subSpecies="var." variety="brevisetus">Cenchrus echinatus L. var. brevisetus</taxonomicName>
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(E. Fourn.) Scribn., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 26. 1900.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CD28A0B85CCEF37FC4FF2ACA41056FAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2AFF2C38BC0A31B02C1F9E18DA1449FE" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus insularis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">= Cenchrus insularis</taxonomicName>
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Scribn. ex Millsp., Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 26. 1896. Type: Mexico, Yucatan, Pagaros Island, 8 Mar 1899,
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<emphasis id="FC609DA4F91B3B414C0BCACB043A2006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. F. Millspaugh 1759</emphasis>
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(holotype: F n.v.; isotypes: B [B100278941] seen on digital image, US n.v.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="881496C6F612C10EF70866DF914EAE9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="76CFA23420A128A1248355394243D448" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus hillebrandianus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hillebrandianus">= Cenchrus hillebrandianus</taxonomicName>
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Hitchc., Mem. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus., Honolulu 8: 211. 1922. Type: Hawaii, Oahu, Waikiki, 19 Jun 1916,
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<emphasis id="4BBA14776DD2BE158BE86848F4DC4C4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. S. Hitchcock 13801</emphasis>
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(holotype: US n.v.; isotypes: B [B100278942], BISH [BISH-439425] seen on digital images, K [K001056124!], P [P00698357] seen on digital image). ≡
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<taxonomicName id="9551BFC3DA6B1C08402E1BE46DBDBA00" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus echinatus subsp. var. var. hillebrandianus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="echinatus" subSpecies="var." variety="hillebrandianus">Cenchrus echinatus L. var. hillebrandianus</taxonomicName>
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(Hitchc.) F. Br., Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 84: 65. 1931.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9621755D40BA563055C98E6D63815EA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="73651C7D3C951166D833B8CB9951C50D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus echinatus subsp. var. var. glabratus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="echinatus" subSpecies="var." variety="glabratus">= Cenchrus echinatus L. var. glabratus</taxonomicName>
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F. Br., Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 84: 66. 1931. Type: Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva,
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<emphasis id="64BCCC46A802CECEE52CDB23681E4E7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Brown 745</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="B6304F5926955EF38B083A206C2BBFCF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16782" author="St John, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="St John, H, 1976. Lectotypes for Brown's Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Phytologia 33: e419. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16782" title="Lectotypes for Brown's Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Phytologia 33: e 419." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16782" year="1976">St. John 1976</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 419: BISH [BISH-92743] seen on digital image).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D688B11B37FCCDE31A81A9322160605C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="58DC0947C840D747FC7A0BDCA3FA8D93" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus echinatus subsp. var. var. pennisetoides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="echinatus" subSpecies="var." variety="pennisetoides">= Cenchrus echinatus L. var. pennisetoides</taxonomicName>
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F. Br., Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 84: 66. 1931. Type: Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva, Hakaui, 15 Jul 1921,
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<emphasis id="C5BFC253669165CFA19AB8396DD6FDDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. B. H. Brown & E. D. W. Brown 657</emphasis>
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(holotype: BISH [BISH-92748] seen on digital image).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="69A444E0FF0FAA6B3067D99DDEBBDD4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="7B6F8650BBA1D633F03F17E8178D7232" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="5ADE316D93E3DDBDBFB3A647655DE010">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="81116A9CD20CBB963CBC378824F9DE4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingCountry id="5FBC21A0002648493BB993867FAF55B2" name="Jamaica">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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, 'Habitat in
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<materialsCitation id="3C625CD2C5B2129241CB501FF59B8262" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Herb. A. van Royen No." country="Jamaica" location="Veldkamp in Jarvis" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry id="D7CD6278935C9B3F04B58B3B92E83246" name="Jamaica">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<normalizedToken id="3BAAD5229A713C1761B4E582A70473D7" originalValue="Curassa’">Curassa'</normalizedToken>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="045F610526019AD4DEF7E8D586D789D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="CEF4F815F35296BB85BE969E1669BAE8">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
, designated by
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<location id="94823DCD4918DF5F14D01DBBD5B46BF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:94823DCD4918DF5F14D01DBBD5B46BF4" country="Jamaica" name="Veldkamp in Jarvis">Veldkamp in Jarvis</location>
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et al. (ed.) (1993, pg. 31): L [
|
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<collectorName id="F55F905751242226FBDA121EE19AAAF3">Herb. A. van Royen No.</collectorName>
|
||
912.356-116] n.v.; isolectotype: L [
|
||
<collectorName id="70024284F6CC9B11ED2D1297003A97FE">Herb. A. van Royen No.</collectorName>
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912.356-103] n.v.)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1E076D69B91E669F6A3F0A70FFE050B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="72946A71A0C53752E7368623EF68E021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A31228778762AB3B1D89A617BA4D1A5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Annual, tufted,
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<emphasis id="1A1702FD180372E1E7ADDA8E75979A18" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culms</emphasis>
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geniculate ascending, 15-75 cm high; nodes glabrous; internode subterete, 5-15 cm long, 1-2 mm in diam., glabrous.
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<emphasis id="C262BB55FE32E0871C45B3AA08E069F9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
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keeled conspicuous, 5-9 cm long, margins hyaline, glabrous.
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<emphasis id="5005226836DC341B5D9CB99A14F4E7DE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ligules</emphasis>
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a fringe of hairs, 0.8-1.2 mm long.
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<emphasis id="5B7B4A8353A51D136CEFEC1AD65A8858" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Collar</emphasis>
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glabrous.
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<emphasis id="6A31169860A7A0095177C5F95FA6BA18" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf blades</emphasis>
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linear, 14-32 cm
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<normalizedToken id="466D6E712F5C429C186E1A8C5DEA791A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-8 mm, apex acute, base rounded, margins scabrous, chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, sometimes upper surface pilose.
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<emphasis id="BECBA0A4BD21280A0C3F67EF9C4BF391" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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spiciform panicle, 16-35
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<normalizedToken id="A6A43C07F49CE6A83BE702120D226BA2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.6 cm (including bristles); central axis angular, 5-11 cm long; axis internode 2-3 mm long, scabrous to subglabrous; peduncle terete, 10-27 cm long, glabrous or scabrous; short racemes loose along central axis; raceme with 2-4(-6) spikelets in cluster, all sessile, subtended by involucre of burr-like spines and bristles.
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<emphasis id="F58F4A3EBD76C8AA276A6BDADDF4B9A5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Involucre</emphasis>
|
||
composed of outer and inner circles; outer circle usually shorter than inner circle; outer involucre of bristles, numerous and filamentous, free, 1-4(-5) mm long, retrorsely scabrous; inner involucre of 7-11 flattened spines, 4-7 mm long, connate at lower part as 1-3 mm long, burr-like forming, a cup up to 5 mm in diam., coriaceous, puberulose and retrorsely scabrous; involucre falling with spikelets; stipe (raceme-based) 0.5-1.3 mm long, hairy, falling with raceme.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2134845138969DCE5EF4161C17AE858" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spikelets</emphasis>
|
||
dorsally compressed, lanceolate, 4.5-6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A9A5CFAB0CFAB2C2B44E2FA5BC9F330" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-2 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="630FBAB33A64D68918C834F8786EC680" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower glume</emphasis>
|
||
ovate or lanceolate, 1-3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6C4061C471581CB4200D14D60A9F0A34" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-1.6 mm, apex acute or obtuse, membranous, glabrous, 1-nerved or nerveless, rarely absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="2174A198623AE6F1DE948249C432AD7D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper glume</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, 3.2-5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8A9E35509F1A4ECC47B9E736E43AFAE1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2-1.8 mm, apex acute or obtuse, membranous to chartaceous, glabrous, 3 or 5-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="6FA5403599B73FCBD2B213012FAA4DF5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Florets</emphasis>
|
||
2.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7BF3931A75F3070C7CB025480DA94" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower floret</emphasis>
|
||
male or sterile.
|
||
<emphasis id="59521F2B97F3F042B1C382F738FCA1D0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower lemma</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, 3.8-5.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7BD17009103B9AC141A84E01E9E8F4ED" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-2 mm, apex acute or acuminate, membranous to chartaceous, glabrous, 5-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="6918CBEC26ED9E9A274F124C136EDFAF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower palea</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate-oblong, 3.5-5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9024C3A0CB94E16318A4EBCDE183C49F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5-1 mm, apex acute to acuminate, margins folded with retrorsely scabrous, membranous, glabrous, 2-nerved, sometimes palea absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="61306268A5F7E27F1AB9098F0030D094" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper floret</emphasis>
|
||
bisexual.
|
||
<emphasis id="5D50796278757ED7744BFE2C77394E0C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper lemma</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, 3.3-6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="860184996BA67187CA698D4AF5ACD82E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-2 mm, apex acute or acuminate, margins hyaline, coriaceous, glabrous, 3 or 5-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A797E6BB81BA9E7701E88968E447EA5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper palea</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, 3-5.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FDCF34CF302C5D6E92CAAB270F25AC9E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-2 mm, apex acute or acuminate, margins hyaline, coriaceous, glabrous, 2-keeled, 2-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="83A0F7F9B78919CB655C55CF548E61C5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lodicules</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="0696BDA2AA416DC024F6ED54D5244084" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
3; filament ca. 3 mm long; anther yellow, 1-2 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="2619F77F6EEDAD25B4D10C6E8CC54C8A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistil</emphasis>
|
||
ovary elliptic, 0.4-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="33FF5880D6A0794D7B6B1212EB4FEF84" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2-0.3 mm; style 2; stigma plumose.
|
||
<emphasis id="FE23F5ACB8F7D5476C64B7E96060F5F7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryopsis</emphasis>
|
||
ellipsoid and gibbous or obovoid and slightly flattened, 1.5-3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66DACD9D4356759D243262B7B8F41F6D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="70795C30369431EF44454DA515A18E19" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913563" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF6630F4167DAEF2B7CC652B6118C149" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6FF059B8F8E64C00655DBB4EAEAA644" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F759F94EDBC69332A973AFFAEADD40E7" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus echinatus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="62B0A155CCA063B8DBAC00AA1B4371D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="C7D03B914D11665DF87162FF0D6191C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habit
|
||
<emphasis id="9C725D34BF9DC266D3131F7B38C4A7F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
ligule
|
||
<emphasis id="9EAA147A44B0726F795E1148237810A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
spikelets with involucre
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FCD3AD30CA32A8875EDE49BEB8A10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
lower glumes
|
||
<emphasis id="F10FF4B4E9DC56F67625C01CB14BE2C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
upper glumes
|
||
<emphasis id="EA6845CB88BC4122114E37E4910D7D47" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
lower lemmas
|
||
<emphasis id="C1795B5B37E42D44ED1D030393527760" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
lower paleas
|
||
<emphasis id="6599E09F654D1F6B7872C4ABEEB05D44" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
upper lemmas
|
||
<emphasis id="A81BF5F25CED624A8631246161179CE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
upper paleas
|
||
<emphasis id="CDB9266C0B5B88A4364656DD58C281DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
caryopsis. (Drawn from
|
||
<emphasis id="7373991B8B89FF8E82B475BDCD855E45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. Wessapak 361</emphasis>
|
||
by Paweena Wessapak).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2AEFED439582F612EE7F52E07D5AA1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F991BF4A428515C7B2088F308584DC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="542EB37145CA105FC8C4D4641FF5015B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Native to North America and South America. Introduced and naturalising elsewhere in tropical and temperate zones worldwide.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F940071D5355C33E4FCB53498D94A69D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="667F170A56D28F8320AF03BBA411C73C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution in Thailand.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0167485881C90BBCF1907B61101CEDCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">NORTHERN: Tak (Thararak Waterfall); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Ruea, Na Haeo), Udon Thani (Ban Dung), Khon Kaen (Mueang Khon Kaen, Phu Wiang, Khok Pho Chai); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Pran Buri); CENTRAL: Saraburi (Muak Lek), Bangkok (Chatuchak); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri (Samaesan, Phanat Nikhom), Rayong (Klaeng); PENINSULAR: Songkhla (Mueang Songkhla, Hat Yai).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E6C75BDA335A005AE76D53176C55FBB0" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913564" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6521EED20B0894A0623CB052F663DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D3D946CC1C04CBE7C70772AFADBF0E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="065F70782C6DC5DDDEB72311108D809E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus echinatus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9EB9C3431B5AADCB6163E40CFE296DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="D05A1B95D3DA9E5EE82EE2D403965B8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitat
|
||
<emphasis id="2F0938E84F255DC5C5820DD5A53831AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis id="4CB0E7EA1268054EECFA22F555D215E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
spikelets with involucre. (Photographs: Paweena Wessapak).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="43E38FF4D985CDD67848EA0614F7AB4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C043A070B896169DA1DDBAEC68BBFC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D0C28B1922E5F456E9CFFB272B61A89B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In wastelands, open areas by the roadside, the edge of rice fields and the edge of deciduous and evergreen forests at elevations between 0 and 600 m a.m.s.l. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A45A1B033264309BCAEF90E7D337725" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular name">
|
||
<paragraph id="32EEA4C00F2B076D7C850B41446CB2A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="26A0D01053CE40FA2DE5884C93775216" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Ya khi khrok (หญ้าขี้ครอก),
|
||
<emphasis id="6EEB50AB447D3AAE4427FEF2D0990432" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ya son krachap</emphasis>
|
||
(หญ้าสอนกระจับ); Hedgehog grass, Mossman river grass, Southern sandbur, Spiny sandbur (English).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5E90521FF8409298F45634C09C84704B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="6640338BCF17A6B4735A30C03126FF0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B90F9B788C9B336AF2539C2C966E63F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="292820A9784321AC9BC9C12AC108C113" collectingDate="1987-03-02" collectingDateMax="2017-09-12" collectingDateMin="1987-03-02" collectorName="P. Wessapak, Lambinon" country="Thailand" location="Kasetsart University" municipality="Chatuchak" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bangkok">
|
||
<emphasis id="426BB9C79F6F9E8E9DB679C43FD2A725" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FB18D012E4BA6A462683C6BE3397DDEB" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D6C11A00CEAA834CFCC6F15C04E4B887" country="Thailand" name="Krung Thep Mahanakhon">Bangkok</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3E1ACF689810480209F09E95851EA805">Chatuchak</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C3E77868BDA8B7923698AC001AA2007F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:C3E77868BDA8B7923698AC001AA2007F" country="Thailand" municipality="Chatuchak" name="Kasetsart University" stateProvince="Bangkok">Kasetsart University</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="6146894463CC4CD11EF8F700CBDFF6C2" value="2016-12-25">25 Dec 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E897E63FB972E7C3F02BCA701770EADA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="6FB82704403102932FB7CDC9BDA86C59">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
347
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK); ibid.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="698AD773C6E5CB40BB831E33D8270324" value="2017-09-12">12 Sep 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="CA0B1E5B1FB16BE6D34508C58F31ACFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="F65501C6C7C5CF4A9987F0712201A8BB">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
394
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK);
|
||
<collectingDate id="E307C2116773C725B298DB6DE163A63E" value="1987-03-02">2 Mar 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A4305E05260ABFBC6A0C305335BEF08F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J.
|
||
<collectorName id="1922F57ABC3B4F08772F0316762044E8">Lambinon</collectorName>
|
||
87/10
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A0E51A7E4486028A240903FBFC32DA4D" collectingDate="1998-08-08" collectingDateMax="2017-04-29" collectingDateMin="1998-08-08" collectorName="P. Wessapak, T. Wongprasert" country="Thailand" county="Phanat Nikhom" location="Samaesan" municipality="Kut Ngong" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chon Buri">
|
||
<emphasis id="953F32E15D8DAAEFDA7668ADB09BCFC1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="96EC5C6E5192A75966D414F0C7766032" country="Thailand" name="Chon Buri">Chon Buri</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="033014989B73173F0E1EECAF64863D98">Phanat Nikhom</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5470010E47AD06EE7FD6855F0FD3C544">Kut Ngong</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="D10A05DF2AFC3FF5DEC2A2A41513B647" value="2017-04-29">29 Apr 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="845EE93838F8EA55174821EB0ED19309" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="C81AD97E0C080674064BC11742EA2938">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
361
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK);
|
||
<location id="FA2991BB0BE11DA91967AC83980A4968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:FA2991BB0BE11DA91967AC83980A4968" country="Thailand" county="Phanat Nikhom" municipality="Kut Ngong" name="Samaesan" stateProvince="Chon Buri">Samaesan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="D2285AD8B2D36C98AFF6E4A385CDE84C" value="1998-08-08">8 Aug 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="563879BF855ABF1C0D8657690CACA0C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="96BB91E159CAA2A684B7372B702D48E6">T. Wongprasert</collectorName>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EFA4CEB5632A118E9D3670D09537E76D" collectingDate="2004-06-29" collectorName="S. Sirimongkol" country="Thailand" county="Thong Pha Phum" location="Ban Pilog" municipality="Pilog" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanchanaburi">
|
||
<emphasis id="511F5F85B9EDF8F67F3A121C2331825B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DA92FDF402D845E28392DE05F9CF1DFE" country="Thailand" name="Kanchanaburi">Kanchanaburi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B75395453E9B94F732778A9510155166">Thong Pha Phum</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="AA5DBDC34DCFA3187A8E3C8158377D60">Pilog</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="047267451B5D612354434BE978D4D61D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:047267451B5D612354434BE978D4D61D" country="Thailand" county="Thong Pha Phum" municipality="Pilog" name="Ban Pilog" stateProvince="Kanchanaburi">Ban Pilog</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="D4599BB581D0643B4BC61D837931A699" value="2004-06-29">29 Jun 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="AAFF6377AB8E1991A05A4E261B57F09F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="87446CAEDAC4B27A9CD8120D5F066046">S. Sirimongkol</collectorName>
|
||
123
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A6E7C0F280F6233BCE159BCD1BFBC7FF" collectingDate="1994-09-15" collectingDateMax="2010-02-24" collectingDateMin="1994-09-15" collectorName="P. Thongson, S. Laegaard, M. Norsaengsri, W. Nanakorn" country="Thailand" location="Khok Pho Chai" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khon Kaen">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AB1D959A162E7ED7E1179832230D4AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A797DB8BEBDB6A976D93180F3E591531" country="Thailand" name="Khon Kaen">Khon Kaen</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="4F85696A3289DB78D1D3AAEEB2924214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:4F85696A3289DB78D1D3AAEEB2924214" country="Thailand" name="Khok Pho Chai" stateProvince="Khon Kaen">Khok Pho Chai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="1C755B739FF5C1596F6CAA5A6713B3B5" value="2010-02-24">24 Feb 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2D70C01721884A6353CDDBFB088C6FB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="8CB27E5F0586C21B149F38F26CF2E446">P. Thongson</collectorName>
|
||
14
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG); Mueang Khon Kaen,
|
||
<collectingDate id="C8C855D3F1D008C5AE0F61442341EEE8" value="2001-10-25">25 Oct 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="3086B5C80DEF866E34B35AAE6DBA6777" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="BC00BFAB0A532521B14E2A338DDA3BC2">S. Laegaard</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="0AECAC8CCF2FC96F537CE864651516D8">M. Norsaengsri</collectorName>
|
||
21791
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU, BKF, K, SING, QBG); Phu Wiang,
|
||
<collectingDate id="65CE061C9AC246DCC8EC691AA0B77B83" value="1994-09-15">15 Sep 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B66AB5D6D2AE1590DB7633EE12784A59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="2BD2B7FFA272B827D15F5A5982071DB9">W. Nanakorn</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 1730
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A7D1FBE525A1FF72FB3C37ABFA18A8D6" collectingDate="1995-06-20" collectingDateMax="2004-07-24" collectingDateMin="1995-06-20" collectorName="W. Nanakorn, C. Jaroenchai" country="Thailand" location="Phu Ruea" municipality="Na Haeo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loei">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DEC2616787216D205A18234763A3933" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9ADBBF49D7D727EBDDC505E7AAE7440E" country="Thailand" name="Loei">Loei</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6ED0AA7D24802DEDF19573553699F8FA">Na Haeo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="436615A2CA73C51C2A5058971A28C04C" value="1995-06-20">20 Jun 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="092BCDCD66E104C97ADE8F642E50CA57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="C46457C0C0264B4BB15348839FC4A1DD">W. Nanakorn</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 3829
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG);
|
||
<location id="40560591EF23756888DD53D7947E1B23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:40560591EF23756888DD53D7947E1B23" country="Thailand" municipality="Na Haeo" name="Phu Ruea" stateProvince="Loei">Phu Ruea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="F80041CE4723F2B6FF9136A9311F30D4" value="2004-07-24">24 Jul 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6167EFE6840CC01DC3C343B61B97E4A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="8E14D561540E06A91C6F8D6086D09311">C. Jaroenchai</collectorName>
|
||
76
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(KKU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5DB279B55C367ED4F8D1F4DB5EC40344" collectingDate="1989-09-04" collectorName="Pasikarn, Prayad" country="Thailand" location="Nakhon Ratchasima" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nakhon Ratchasima">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BF0E7DA27432EF39F2B45EFC0BA4636" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D770776FCDAB450B92524FD07CECC03F" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Ratchasima">Nakhon Ratchasima</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingDate id="E695CFACDF9E9AFD095E902DC237969A" value="1989-09-04">4 Sep 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="93C7570C06F3A9C47830B4C3803DA688" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="B2CE1906EEC1631E9DAEE5BBEC0894C6">Pasikarn</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="9F4765F1DAD40ECD44CA1EA0B99D9D0B">Prayad</collectorName>
|
||
41
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F612904CB6CC5832AE02B08595242F70" collectingDate="2017-11-11" collectorName="P. Wessapak" country="Thailand" location="Pran Buri" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prachuap Khiri Khan">
|
||
<emphasis id="72B626A0E2532E747A40BB8776C0E7A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5A7A7F8EF07C9C5D040FE7CB19AA0925" country="Thailand" name="Prachuap Khiri Khan">Prachuap Khiri Khan</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="3D4511BAF56B5E540C143522528B9997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:3D4511BAF56B5E540C143522528B9997" country="Thailand" name="Pran Buri" stateProvince="Prachuap Khiri Khan">Pran Buri</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="AB64A148B0F54CB0FD2C7967C20C9C31" value="2017-11-11">11 Nov 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F3E460022916DABD63E8A69CFB4396F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="FAA90E16D3EB6534975BF0606EC2D4A2">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
431
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6566201B9710D54F440DD811AA04A446" collectingDate="2017-04-30" collectorName="P. Wessapak" country="Thailand" location="Klaeng" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rayong">
|
||
<emphasis id="413D24B24C5B7F41E45086208C5E11E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="486F48AF2953D7A63C7E37BE227128E8" country="Thailand" name="Rayong">Rayong</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="10F9FF673FA435C91BAEA603ACBCB90F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:10F9FF673FA435C91BAEA603ACBCB90F" country="Thailand" name="Klaeng" stateProvince="Rayong">Klaeng</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="0ADC874FD56265773D91FBE07409B0DF" value="2017-04-30">30 Apr 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8C20DC03B59534CD227FDFE216A0FF13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="A258B932C8EA2A45D7365423A6DFF91E">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
364
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E719D1FCB6147E85CE0C18122B241BAE" collectingDate="2017-07-09" collectorName="P. Wessapak" country="Thailand" location="Sap Sanun" municipality="Muak Lek" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saraburi">
|
||
<emphasis id="493B03DE9931BDB008E56BA70DA1712D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="23FA101A9A0233D08E52144BFD3575ED" country="Thailand" name="Sara Buri">Saraburi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B54D42A9EDA59DE6E22948060243A03E">Muak Lek</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3F050498B94815952F0F51FC73460C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:CB3F050498B94815952F0F51FC73460C" country="Thailand" municipality="Muak Lek" name="Sap Sanun" stateProvince="Saraburi">Sap Sanun</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="5D1B77BEA2D38D30C2C22387B11DF763" value="2017-07-09">9 Jul 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6689EFC8FC12251E12C15725C671F464" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="C183ECFB87F5FCB7B919ACDB79BC9B94">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
372
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2E99C74EDF666D2CF1F0A7BA17AC35FC" collectingDate="1990-10-06" collectingDateMax="2016-11-23" collectingDateMin="1990-10-06" collectorName="P. Wessapak, C. Ngernsaengsaruay, N. Meeprom, W. Boonthasak, B. Aksorn, H. Soh" country="Thailand" location="Hat Yai" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Songkhla">
|
||
<emphasis id="29C127A04C517F10A45D1964DF5EFC24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="788DD6283CA5358F9890001853E54A9B" country="Thailand" name="Songkhla">Songkhla</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="72A6206B82E563801C34BE33DE57AAC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:72A6206B82E563801C34BE33DE57AAC4" country="Thailand" name="Hat Yai" stateProvince="Songkhla">Hat Yai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="77E7E8A119158CCB47A0983FC1F4D6D7" value="2016-11-23">23 Nov 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="24C305EDDEC9E3166A436F53465DA2A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="BD2C0D2A78FC9904AF2404FEEEB13562">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C456F602403197A4028D44E119711CA8">C. Ngernsaengsaruay</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="BDC70B35725CAF3ADA235A47759E3331">N. Meeprom</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="0373060808871CF2AF151F5939E3FDA8">W. Boonthasak</collectorName>
|
||
337
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK); Mueang Songkhla,
|
||
<collectingDate id="C815AC2180AF54DA32F9732E8567F0D6" value="1990-10-06">6 Oct 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="14D3ABAF7C48BD02D6D5B5C19C75704C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="32F7A49C294979F18848CE7EBE825BFB">B. Aksorn</collectorName>
|
||
6
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(PSU); Sadao,
|
||
<collectingDate id="A2BF516884B3B8173FE8C9803908B46F" value="2013-07-30">30 Jul 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="90965DF3EA90567598F277164A02ED19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="10120B419A31D30337D526E9AB7D55D2">H. Soh</collectorName>
|
||
24
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(PSU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AE85BD79B4625CC3FE4CC433CE65E3CE" collectingDate="2005-06-22" collectingDateMax="2010-08-21" collectingDateMin="2005-06-22" collectorName="R. Pooma, K. Phattarahirankanok, S. Sirimongkol, Poophat, M. Norsaengsri" country="Thailand" location="Thararak Waterfall" municipality="Mae Sot" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tak">
|
||
<emphasis id="203BE7BC066F0C9AD193AD7094B0127D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B7C88C80307C1471CB9F82973B47AC67" country="Thailand" name="Tak">Tak</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="41514D86E8FE3DDF5C0648D4D6D1E928">Mae Sot</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="AD6915A490D8E5470B602E66E0A0AB65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:AD6915A490D8E5470B602E66E0A0AB65" country="Thailand" municipality="Mae Sot" name="Thararak Waterfall" stateProvince="Tak">Thararak Waterfall</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="D5BB3C144349D67B9B8238753F288177" value="2005-06-22">22 Jun 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="BA39A8EE9596FDB4E18BEC086D7E5067" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="755974A3A7141B7EA0BFA25924247D7A">R. Pooma</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F1156DE30588499EC472B9CA01EC652E">K. Phattarahirankanok</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="D0F51C297C00B908211CA1604A8C6D37">S. Sirimongkol</collectorName>
|
||
& M.
|
||
<collectorName id="F1695341A89F546C4859226D2E9D0E9F">Poophat</collectorName>
|
||
5426
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF); ibid.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="26335A44E99B75BA093198D8AAAA5449" value="2010-08-21">21 Aug 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A687914D70001A3DE3D65CF97A32BC60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="0C9E6408C315E710CF12BD2FC817FBE3">M. Norsaengsri</collectorName>
|
||
7094
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3235CC6C1638C33DE3E6398EE3C7D1C9" collectingDate="2008-12-04" collectorName="M. Norsaengsri" country="Thailand" location="Ban Dung Yai" municipality="Ban Dung" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Udon Thani">
|
||
<emphasis id="794B64CE02066DAE4C1242D613052DF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D79862D0601CEA437BD6BF7B9EB6A7B0" country="Thailand" name="Udon Thani">Udon Thani</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="298CC7C9AD1A83E9E26068F3847D9FCC">Ban Dung</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="193A3A7E81F9FBEF0706B2927874DD8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:904F188F77A15336B00861F518365C21:193A3A7E81F9FBEF0706B2927874DD8F" country="Thailand" municipality="Ban Dung" name="Ban Dung Yai" stateProvince="Udon Thani">Ban Dung Yai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="BB559F7F716F8C30A271E2532E843E19" value="2008-12-04">4 Dec 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2D434CB7717E234CAC2777AB8A797FEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="296E2B1875A71657CBE3F5DC13E25CE6">M. Norsaengsri</collectorName>
|
||
4550
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6589E757E1764381573035441A93E9D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="8560BE4C696E668E73174CF23FFA69F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2E49B2562AA1C00D93D71020AB840B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The species is considered as a noxious weed in some countries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1AD56C9B3368C45CF46F4D0ED9492CA6" author="Ensbey, R" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Ensbey, R, 2014. Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook: A Guide to Weed Control in Non-crop, Aquatic and Bushland Situations. Department of Primary Industries, a part of the Department of Department of Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and Services." title="Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook: A Guide to Weed Control in Non-crop, Aquatic and Bushland Situations. Department of Primary Industries, a part of the Department of Department of Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and Services." year="2014">Ensbey 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E70CA5ADEF2F91E56439F2C1312F96A1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42107" author="Verloove, F" journalOrPublisher="Willdenowia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 75" refId="B39" refString="Verloove, F, Sanchez Gullon, E, 2012. A taxonomic revision of non-native Cenchrus s.str. (Paniceae, Poaceae) in the Mediterranean area. Willdenowia 42 (1): 67 - 75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42107" title="A taxonomic revision of non-native Cenchrus s. str. (Paniceae, Poaceae) in the Mediterranean area." url="https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42107" volume="42" year="2012">
|
||
Verloove and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B4D45362DDFE87FB53E0B5E031EF38DD" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4F6EEE6F45B3DDA8A3715313BD4E0A05" originalValue="Gullón">Gullon</normalizedToken>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Thailand, it was introduced for forage and has become naturalised and treated as a weed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |