215 lines
24 KiB
XML
215 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ECB29FE8FD44AB1D07236AC8E5C150D7">Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3B2A14D6A32433D2DF18FA26F869033">Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="74103CFA46D09DB9C588637C14FB574B">Rodriguez, Josephine J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E36317C4FBAD7CA8D22D1ECD91F394B">Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4D24E0A3697869A7F53793422E1C262">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C145B8B86F91C36C5A6855304CD6F78D">Brown, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="92EAA40B13F4BFAD9A58F62695113BA3">Cardinal, Sophie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2173CECE6C38B6E723B00E8CD096A47">Hebert, Paul D. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E6F5E4F4DCD48495B4F12BFCE65B7E99">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3FD448FAF6A3CB542E36C42E1D72D81E">383</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="93219910FC7D1751AD1D4C74C405E9C7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="00A80531DAA8BD33D0A7D776DF3276D7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="87212583C2396135C020B6D198264D9B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8B628EAD9E2E6F7DC8D23646C16EE1A5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B628EAD9E2E6F7DC8D23646C16EE1A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B628EAD9E2E6F7DC8D23646C16EE1A5" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="AF74674AC8ADCA9234790A4397721AA4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A357B1C41609405CA35D445A1AEBB1E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<pageBreakToken id="B2CF6B6E47A9B6F076077BB5889FC0C2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="58AFB56962A2AC1B0C9D711C24607A31" ID-CoL="78VXZ" authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhygoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhygoplitis sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Rhygoplitis sanctivincenti (Ashmead, 1900)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="216C1E36E6B10A15F7C0BA4033167DE4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0B1148C91C4866A748D8B5C2E367DB0F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="37D0225D4D3529268D0173F9B75861DB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="56EEE83F8F4B420F70BB7E59EF512C95" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1900: 279. (Saint Vincent).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9E40664F89251DEB0968F0F391461F9B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="D85AABEA110DC6813B366EB0E0FAB477" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F781EB58FD7EB16AE3FD9E3A6AEFA8B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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The species
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<taxonomicName id="5A1208340CA9BCC287DA8E26C94E5A4D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1900 was described from a single male, but the type has never been found in the BMNH and is probably lost (Gavin Broad, personal communication). Thus, later researchers reviewing the genus (
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<bibRefCitation id="CE2AFB3406C5CBDA5D1E18980108E81C" author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="304" pageNumber="305" pagination="483 - 576" title="A revision of the North American species of ichneumon-flies belonging to the genus Apanteles." url="10.5479/si.00963801.2349.483" volume="58" year="1921">Muesebeck 1921</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="604CAE108234536F13A5AB60A75A53AB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nixon 1965</bibRefCitation>
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) or cataloguing it (
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<bibRefCitation id="534326C2EC7A9FE0A572C992E99CC0FA" author="Szepligeti, G" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 253" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconidae." volume="22" year="1904">
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<normalizedToken id="734F09FF776D9617557F7B388B0A403C" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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1904
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9D8055D0BE297D7FFD17E85FE2EF17E6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Shenefelt 1972</bibRefCitation>
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) were unable to study it, and could only rely upon the very poor original description and key from
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<bibRefCitation id="29367D05FE7ADC485F0A029D62AF974E" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="301" pageNumber="302" pagination="207 - 367" title="Report upon the Aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies." volume="1900" year="1900">Ashmead (1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 279-280). Those five papers are the only publications citing the name
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<taxonomicName id="942FFF030DCF15B515315BA0644FB8C8" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, and the species has been considered as belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="C44874A95C2D819B519FEE6C7DAEB1F2" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
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since its original description. However, after
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<bibRefCitation id="E5B1254AF0A947217D874633C8DA204B" author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="304" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 147" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." url="10.4039/entm113115fv" volume="115" year="1981">
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<normalizedToken id="DABD124941928EA54C155875ECCDEDF8" originalValue="Mason’s">Mason's</normalizedToken>
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(1981)
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</bibRefCitation>
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paper splitting
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<taxonomicName id="A7D63EBBE6CA96CA6960BD300E53ACAD" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
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into several genera, it is evident that
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<taxonomicName id="CDFF6A3546DCBA9413445ED234B3B353" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead belongs to a different genus, based on its pronotum with a median longitudinal carina, a character that immediately excludes it from the current limits of
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<taxonomicName id="68A49B06DE3CA928F87BEA373AD53D70" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
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, but that occurs in several other genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C78341EFC97091F273BB202416CD968" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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||
. In his paper revising the fauna of the Caribbean islands of St. Vincent and Grenada,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C23E1683B15D16185A65681690E1E8B" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="301" pageNumber="302" pagination="207 - 367" title="Report upon the Aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies." volume="1900" year="1900">Ashmead (1900)</bibRefCitation>
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treated five other genera of microgastrines:
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<taxonomicName id="79B2C200B283F38B02EA972789B2E973" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microplitis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microplitis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="34BDC031456DBD77A7AAB85D08A69DEA" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Protapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protapanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protapanteles</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8A3E3453E328DED0BA873AA151F3FB71" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Protomicroplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protomicroplitis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protomicroplitis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="CB1D2F77E8D63FBA6DEEE001BA3D514E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Urogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Urogaster</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FE740AE7055A1594CC0C3CE3CE0D1F36" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudapanteles</taxonomicName>
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. The first three belong to completely different groups which can safely be excluded from the present analysis.
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<taxonomicName id="547E19784540E2C5D600512653976F88" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Urogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Urogaster</taxonomicName>
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is no longer a valid genus (the majority of its species have been transferred to
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<taxonomicName id="7F4197BA2B9F4EA40B3CE69283F2781F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="C5ED37ECFCE50273CE1DB1A140C24EB2" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudapanteles</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be excluded because its species have a median longitudinal groove on the first mediotergite, a trait not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E9E6D6A09FF86A5AB371994B57BDD0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ashmead, according to the original description. After carefully considering the distribution of other genera in the region, and comparing it with other species descriptions from the same paper (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="249AA666BF33E9DD44BF8CFDC2438769" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="301" pageNumber="302" pagination="207 - 367" title="Report upon the Aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies." volume="1900" year="1900">Ashmead 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we believe that the best generic placement for this species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCD99B2B0089C96CB1EAE74A6A5DA1EE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhygoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhygoplitis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhygoplitis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8320A9A690B47653C525ED15883F3D07" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
It is worth mentioning that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F6C40654F7F15C2F04713704F389AD8" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="301" pageNumber="302" pagination="207 - 367" title="Report upon the Aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies." volume="1900" year="1900">Ashmead (1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 291) described two other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BCD2BFB4FFCBF5520DB47AE2AA70ADF" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Urogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urogaster aciculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aciculatus">Urogaster aciculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEB591CA8CFF6994FD210C7066DC9362" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles sancti-vincentis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancti-vincentis">Pseudapanteles sancti-vincentis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are now considered to be the same and to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37EE6E9AF78F4390A6474111FE5E1674" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhygoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhygoplitis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhygoplitis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the valid species name currently is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="854E3611444EE890B4D0D05E90A8FF8D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhygoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhygoplitis aciculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aciculatus">Rhygoplitis aciculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4196FF51CCF1AD46433C3A6C765C6B5" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
|
||
is yet another name for that same species, meaning that three different names in three different genera were applied to the same species by the same author in the same paper! This case is not unlikely, due to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA13B64E46D938977FB13A755A378575" originalValue="Ashmead’s">Ashmead's</normalizedToken>
|
||
poor knowledge of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="041B704199E4F26722B0771BAF0DD644" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="717487192BE0AD0FFA54EC8CC807A035" author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="304" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 147" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." url="10.4039/entm113115fv" volume="115" year="1981">Mason 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In fact, the descriptions in his 1900 paper are not only very inconsistent (characters in the key do not correspond well to the descriptions, descriptions are not homogeneous, some body areas are named differently in the same paper, e.g., knees and femur) but they are also misleading, e.g., the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA19458555CF8C458834796CD537F012" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Urogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urogaster aciculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aciculatus">Urogaster aciculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentions the propodeum with a large, round areola, when it actually has no areola at all. We studied the three descriptions in detail to see if they could correspond to the same species. The lack of uniformity and different terminology prevents a certain conclusion, but they are similar in many regards, differing in minor details such as coloration (which may be meaningless anyway, because of the very small number of specimens examined by the author). Because the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A405B407E09A6E4A76D94D34AD00C668" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lost, this situation may never be resolved unambiguously. Thus for the sake of name stability, and pending future studies on the genus, we just transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="792798076B270F4BB0E68D1591BC4AE0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles sanctivincenti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanctivincenti">Apanteles sanctivincenti</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF7250D7C6B1F9FC0EE01FCD6A9A1DA" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhygoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhygoplitis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhygoplitis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |