295 lines
41 KiB
XML
295 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="3BAE991419551F480B54A8DB73FBBF09" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.203682" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9c2f476-0675-4af6-b3df-e3fa843b8c15" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="203682" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460273893475" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Medianero, Enrique, Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis & Melika, George" docDate="2011" docId="365287CDFFC1FFDCFFFD13C5FBD62ACC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02811p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2811" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Loxaulus championi Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="CA6BFFB5FFC0FFD8FF6A110CFFA72B60" masterDocTitle="Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698247613894" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="37174A2030EA91FCDBF14D7954AF017A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="878B5730E2A819D5373B231921206EE5">
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<mods:title id="DBD49F33827A66201960EB910CBED964">Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C4D4DAF4282C89DFDE0F0BBDC48929CB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3C3D4CA7CF4527FBF289B024815E9007">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4CA16CF24E648F32AAC6ADFD5D92B783">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="15AF804DCD7649E00828A68561DE63D3">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="28AFC7BF2588480FD580FEDF74DE602A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E2A6905380007466795092E3B7C1BA61">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FAABBCD49E8636E24490A598E1D9D886">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F45385A36FF22273D164764ADC331644">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="874D12B4F9F1CCE53A900D6835693D90" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5680440E2A499AB0919148A305405C7A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="824B7552D5E81A9FFE96E9FB7EE2300D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BAC949300727675B62EC71B1BFB49A83">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="781C91BFBFECE7502B6FD74C601B6160">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6C02BFFE9683049E15A12D8C0A08EF92">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="35428EC60FE550C5E289E5B3D8F1C5B9">
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<mods:date id="88FF56E71AA8AF98CF94E69204257FDB">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2ED1D9E039CF54AF7571DCA47ECAE584" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A1F62C37C550582A9C257DE3A0D49B25">2811</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F9BC803A395F8836D697B8266D04C428">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A1EE4D38176D320E673DE4761583C5BD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.203682</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3416CE32BDA8B42FCF745FEBA1938F18" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="94A2B2AB8EB3B2A40B4DF660E312B643" type="Zenodo-Dep">203682</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="365287CDFFC1FFDCFFFD13C5FBD62ACC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6182672" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119395640" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6182672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:365287CDFFC1FFDCFFFD13C5FBD62ACC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/365287CDFFC1FFDCFFFD13C5FBD62ACC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="F6E16550FFC1FFD9FFFD13C5FE262864" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC1FFD9FFFD13C5FCFA2982" blockId="1.[151,861,712,772]" box="[151,861,712,739]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="E50C81B7FFC1FFD9FFFD13C5FCFA2982" bold="true" box="[151,861,712,739]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FFFD13C5FCFA2982" bold="true" box="[151,861,712,739]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC1FFD9FFFD13C5FD5F2982" authority="Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey" authorityName="Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey" box="[151,760,712,739]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FFFD13C5FE362983" bold="true" box="[151,401,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Loxaulus championi</emphasis>
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Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="97BC57B2FFC1FFD9FD9513C4FCFA2982" box="[767,861,712,738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC1FFD9FFFD13E0FE262864" blockId="1.[151,861,712,772]" box="[151,385,748,772]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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(
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<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC1FFD9FFF513E0FF4B2864" box="[159,236,748,772]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC1FFD9FF9013E0FEAF2864" box="[250,264,748,772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">2</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC1FFD9FE4613E0FE9F2864" box="[300,312,748,772]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus. forewings and galls of Loxaulus species: (A) Loxaulus championi, female (B) forewing of female. (C) mature galls of Loxaulus championi. (D) Section of a gall of Loxaulus championi showing the cells. (E) Loxaulus panamensis, female. (F) forewing of female. (G) mature galls of Loxaulus panamensis showing the cells." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203687/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">5</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6E16550FFC1FFD9FFFD1238FF58289F" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC1FFD9FFFD1238FF58289F" blockId="1.[151,1437,819,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FFFD1238FEE1282C" bold="true" box="[151,326,819,844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="61408879FFC1FFD9FFFD1238FF75282C" box="[151,210,820,844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="61408879FFC1FFD9FE251238FE10282C" box="[335,439,820,844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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Ƥ (
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<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC1FFD9FE8C1238FD8E282C" box="[486,553,820,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus. forewings and galls of Loxaulus species: (A) Loxaulus championi, female (B) forewing of female. (C) mature galls of Loxaulus championi. (D) Section of a gall of Loxaulus championi showing the cells. (E) Loxaulus panamensis, female. (F) forewing of female. (G) mature galls of Loxaulus panamensis showing the cells." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203687/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A) (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
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<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC1FFD9FBCE1238FB43282C" box="[1188,1252,820,844]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="D8EAAE1EFFC1FFD9FB9E1238FAE9282C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1268,1358,820,844]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">MNCN</collectionCode>
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), cardmounted. Cat. nº 2111).
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<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC1FFD9FED81254FD8B2810" box="[434,556,856,880]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Chiriquí, Volcan Baru
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<geoCoordinate id="DBCF501CFFC1FFD9FC55125BFC4F280F" box="[831,1000,855,879]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="1" value="8.800972">8º 48' 03.5” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DBCF501CFFC1FFD9FC9C125BFB16280F" box="[1014,1201,855,879]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="1" value="-82.51186">82º 30' 42.7” W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="79039B3EFFC1FFD9FBD5125BFABD280F" box="[1215,1306,855,879]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.681" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2681.0">2681 m</quantity>
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; ex gall on stems of
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<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC1FFD9FF941271FD6F28F4" authority="Liebm." authorityName="Liebm." box="[254,712,892,916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FF941271FE4C28F4" box="[254,491,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
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Liebm. (Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, gall collected
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<date id="CA45101BFFC1FFD9FC191270FC5228F4" box="[883,1013,892,916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2008-07-17">17.vii.2008</date>
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, insect emerged
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<date id="CA45101BFFC1FFD9FBD91270FB5228F4" box="[1203,1269,892,916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2008-07">vii.08</date>
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, E. Medianero leg.
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<typeStatus id="61408879FFC1FFD9FFA412ADFEE728D9" box="[206,320,929,953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 1Ƥ
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<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC1FFD9FEEB12ACFE5C28D8" box="[385,507,928,952]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Chiriquí, Volcan Baru
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<geoCoordinate id="DBCF501CFFC1FFD9FC741293FC4528D7" box="[798,994,927,951]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="1" value="8.798487">8º 47' 54.55” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DBCF501CFFC1FFD9FC9E1293FB1B28D7" box="[1012,1212,927,951]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" precision="1" value="-82.509026">82º 30' 32.5” W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="79039B3EFFC1FFD9FBA41293FA8E28D7" box="[1230,1321,927,951]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.447" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2447.0">2447 m</quantity>
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collected
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<date id="CA45101BFFC1FFD9FFFD12C8FEB628BC" box="[151,273,964,988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2008-11-26">26.xi.2008</date>
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, insect emerged
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<date id="CA45101BFFC1FFD9FEA112C8FDAA28BC" box="[459,525,964,988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2008-12">xii.08</date>
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, E. Medianero leg.
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<typeStatus id="61408879FFC1FFD9FD8D12C9FCEE28BD" box="[743,841,965,989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
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<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC1FFD9FA2912C8FA3B28BC" box="[1347,1436,964,988]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Panamá</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="D8EAAE1EFFC1FFD9FFF512EBFF54289F" box="[159,243,999,1023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">MEUP</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6E16550FFC1FFD9FFAD1500FED72F28" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC1FFD9FFAD1500FED72F28" blockId="1.[151,1437,819,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FFAD1500FEE92F44" bold="true" box="[199,334,1036,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named after George Champion (
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<date id="CA45101BFFC1FFD9FDA61500FCEA2F44" box="[716,845,1036,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="1851" valueMax="1926">1851–1926</date>
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) English entomologist, collector of the first cynipid galls from
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<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC1FFD9FE7A153DFECB2F28" box="[272,364,1073,1096]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Panama</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6E16550FFC1FFD9FFAD155FFE8D2EEC" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC1FFD9FFAD155FFE8D2EEC" blockId="1.[151,1437,819,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FFAD155FFE502F0C" bold="true" box="[199,503,1107,1132]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
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The species resembles
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<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC1FFD9FD901559FC542F0C" authority="Weld" authorityName="Weld" box="[762,1011,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illinoisensis">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FD901559FC382F0C" box="[762,927,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">L. illinoisensis</emphasis>
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(Weld)
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC1FFD9FB091558FB5B2F0C" box="[1123,1276,1108,1132]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">United States</collectingCountry>
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, being similar in color and a majority of morphological characteristics. However, in
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<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC1FFD9FCCD1575FBEC2FF0" box="[935,1099,1144,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illinoisensis">
|
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FCCD1575FBEC2FF0" box="[935,1099,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">L. illinoisensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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the head is less massive from above, nearly 3.0 times or more as broad as long; the notauli are distinctly impressed at least in 2/3 of the mesoscutum length posteriorly; the radial cell of the forewing distinctly shorter, maximum 2.5 times as long as broad; the projecting part of the hypopygial spine 2.2–2.5 times as long as wide in lateral view; currently known only from Illinois,
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<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC1FFD9FF9E1404FE882E40" box="[244,303,1288,1312]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
|
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, induce subterranean stem swelling-like galls, usually at the base of young sprouts of
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<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC1FFD9FB981404FE922E24" authority="Michaux. The" authorityName="Michaux. The" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FB981404FA3B2E40" box="[1266,1436,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
Michaux. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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abrupt stem swelling induced by
|
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<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC1FFD9FDD91421FCFF2E24" box="[691,856,1324,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illinoisensis">
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<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FDD91421FCFF2E24" box="[691,856,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">L. illinoisensis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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is approximately 4–5 times the normal diameter of the shoot and nearly
|
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<quantity id="79039B3EFFC1FFD9FE14145CFE652E08" box="[382,450,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
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long. Galls mature in fall and adults emerge from the end of October through November (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DA6A4B2AFFC1FFD9FFF41478FEB92EEC" author="Weld" box="[158,286,1396,1420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" refString="Weld, L. H. (1921) American gallflies of the family Cynipidae producing subterranean galls on oak. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59, 187 - 246." type="journal article" year="1921">Weld 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6E16550FFC1FFDCFFAF149BFED62A7C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC1FFD9FFAF149BFE562D20" blockId="1.[151,1437,819,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FFAF149BFEF02ED0" bold="true" box="[197,343,1431,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="79039B3EFFC1FFD9FE9B1494FDF02ED0" box="[497,599,1432,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.55">2.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range 2.5 – 2.6; N = 2) for females. Mesosoma and metasoma dark reddish-brown. Head, antennae and legs yellowish-brown with the genae, ocellar triangle, occiput, distal half of antennae meso- and metacoxae, femora and tibiae, reddish-brown. Forewing hyaline with some light infumation in and below the areolet area and on 2r vein, veins light to dark brown, with the area of 2r vein and base of radial cell darkened and lightly infuscate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC1FFD9FFAF1740FB502C90" blockId="1.[151,1437,819,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC1FFD9FFAF1740FE872D04" box="[197,288,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Head finely coriaceous, in dorsal view about 2.0 times wider than long, 1.26 times broader than thorax. POL 1.7 times longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 2.3 times its longest diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC1FFD9FE601798FEEC2DCC" box="[266,331,1684,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A); a longitudinal line of sculpture visible between the lateral ocelli. Head in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC1FFD9FA051798FF052DB0" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B), 1.1 times wider than high, genae strongly broadened behind eyes. Vertex, frons, lower face, gena and occiput finely coriaceous with sparse very short gold setae and weak rugae on the face, radiating striae from clypeus delicate and short, not reaching ventral margin of compound eye and absent medially above clypeus. Clypeus square with ventral margin sinuate and strongly projecting over mandibles. Anterior tentorial pits well visible; with epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal lines slightly marked. Malar space 0.4 times height of compound eye, with a distinctive malar sulcus. Toruli situated slightly above mid-height of compound eye; distance between antennal rim and compound eye one times width of antennal socket including rim. Ocellar plate not raised. Head without occipital carina posteriorly. Occiput slightly concave. Mouthparts: mandibles not being well visible in the examined specimens, but presumably as usual in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC1FFD9FD2116D4FD172C90" box="[587,688,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right mandible with three teeth; left with two teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EA846653FFC2FFDAFFFD14FDFB562D46" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC2FFDAFFFD14FDFB562D46" blockId="2.[151,1436,1521,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC2FFDAFFFD14FDFEB42D67" bold="true" box="[151,275,1521,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC2FFDAFE7014FDFE4F2D67" box="[282,488,1521,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC2FFDAFE7014FDFE4F2D67" box="[282,488,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Loxaulus championi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC2FFDAFFAF175FFA3A2D9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1619,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC2FFDAFE5C175FFED02D0B" box="[310,375,1619,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E–G) of moderate length, as long as 1/2 body length, with 13 antennomeres; flagellum not broadening towards apex; with short erect setae, and placodeal sensilla visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC2FFDAFB65177BFBE92DEF" box="[1039,1102,1655,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Relative lengths of antennal segments: 17:13:26:25:23:21:20:18:16:15:15:13:25. Pedicel, sub-globose, small, 0.7 as long as scape; F1 only slightly longer as F2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC2FFDAFEE417B3FE692DB7" box="[398,462,1727,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F). F4-F11 longer than wide, F11 2.7 times longer than wide, 2.2 times as long as F10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC2FFDAFFF517EFFF792D9B" box="[159,222,1763,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Placodeal sensillae on F4-F11 disposed in one row of 5 sensillae in half dorsal area of each flagellomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC2FFDAFFAF1604FA952C07" blockId="2.[151,1437,1619,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Mesosoma. Slightly flattened dorso-ventrally; in lateral view 1.25 times as long as high. Pronotum, scarcely pubescent; lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous without longitudinal wrinkles dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC2FFDAFBE81627FB662C23" box="[1154,1217,1835,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Pronotum short medially, ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally = 0.3. Pronotal plate indistinct dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC2FFDAFBA71643FAAA2C07" box="[1229,1293,1871,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC2FFDBFFAF1678FE5B2A5F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1619,2003]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,751]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Mesonotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC2FFDAFE37167FFE032CEB" box="[349,420,1907,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Mesoscutum slightly longer than broad in dorsal view, finely coriaceous and barely pubescent. Notauli distinct in posterior one third of mesoscutum, faint anteriorly and medially, widely separated at meeting of transscutal fissure, median mesoscutal impression absent. Anteroadmedian signa and parapsidal signa clearly visible. Scutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFEA8119BFDA12BCF" box="[450,518,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A), rounded, about 0.4 as long as mesoscutum, slightly reticulate. Scutellar foveae not well differentiated, shallow, confluent medially, with some longitudinal striae and indistinctly margined posteriorly; in lateral view the scutellum not overlapping the dorsellum. Axillula without setae, only their anterior margins marked. Mesopleuron medially with coriaceous reticulate sculpture, lacking in antero-posterior and ventral areas of mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFEFF102BFE722A5F" box="[405,469,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC3FFDBFFAF1041FCEE2AAF" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Metanotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFE3C1040FE3C2A04" box="[342,411,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleural sulcus reaching posterior margin of mesopectus at about two thirds height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFD401063FDCA2AE7" box="[554,621,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[184,1402,195,1497]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203683/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Lateral propodeal carinae parallel, slightly branched posteriorly, a median longitudianal carina present and complete, median propodeal area with some secondary rugae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFA5F1098FADD2ACC" box="[1333,1402,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), lateral propodeal area with reticulate carinae and almost bare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC3FFDBFFAF10D1FAB32A94" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,751]" box="[197,1300,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Legs. Metatarsal claws simple, with a single curved apical tooth and without basal lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFBDA10D0FB532A94" box="[1200,1268,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC3FFDBFFAF10F3FE8729E4" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFE2A10F3FE242977" box="[320,387,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus. forewings and galls of Loxaulus species: (A) Loxaulus championi, female (B) forewing of female. (C) mature galls of Loxaulus championi. (D) Section of a gall of Loxaulus championi showing the cells. (E) Loxaulus panamensis, female. (F) forewing of female. (G) mature galls of Loxaulus panamensis showing the cells." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203687/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B) slightly longer than body, radial cell 3.1 times longer than wide; open along anterior margin; areolet small, triangular, closed and distinct. Rs depigmented apically, slightly bowed and not reaching margin of wing. Rs+M not reaching basalis. Apical margin of wing with a fringe of moderately long setae. Basal cell almost bare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC3FFDBFFAF139CFBD0298F" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFE201383FE2A29C7" box="[330,397,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) as long as mesosoma, as high as long in lateral view. Second metasomal tergite covering about two thirds of metasoma, with line of 6–7 setae in its anteromedial area. Projecting part of hypopygial spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC3FFDBFFF513DBFF7D298F" box="[159,218,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[183,1403,805,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Fig.2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) about 2.8 times as long as broad in lateral view, laterally with some short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EA846653FFC3FFDBFFFD1690FD6D2CB1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203684/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[183,1403,805,1909]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC3FFDBFFFD1690FD6D2CB1" blockId="3.[151,1435,1948,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC3FFDBFFFD1690FEB52CD2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1948,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC3FFDBFE721691FE422CD3" box="[280,485,1949,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC3FFDBFE721691FE422CD3" box="[280,485,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Loxaulus championi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC4FFDCFFAD1194FED62A7C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC4FFDCFFAD1194FF5E2BD0" box="[199,249,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC4FFDCFE62119BFEED2BCF" box="[264,330,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus. forewings and galls of Loxaulus species: (A) Loxaulus championi, female (B) forewing of female. (C) mature galls of Loxaulus championi. (D) Section of a gall of Loxaulus championi showing the cells. (E) Loxaulus panamensis, female. (F) forewing of female. (G) mature galls of Loxaulus panamensis showing the cells." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203687/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). Elongated slight swellings of twigs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC4FFDCFC59119BFCD22BCF" box="[819,885,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus. forewings and galls of Loxaulus species: (A) Loxaulus championi, female (B) forewing of female. (C) mature galls of Loxaulus championi. (D) Section of a gall of Loxaulus championi showing the cells. (E) Loxaulus panamensis, female. (F) forewing of female. (G) mature galls of Loxaulus panamensis showing the cells." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203687/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The gall surface rough, of the same colour as the bark. The swellings have at least two times the diameter of a normal stem. Larval chambers are arranged longitudinally in rows under the surface of the bark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26C02A5EFFC4FFDCFDC311D3FD4C2B97" box="[681,747,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,663,1732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus. forewings and galls of Loxaulus species: (A) Loxaulus championi, female (B) forewing of female. (C) mature galls of Loxaulus championi. (D) Section of a gall of Loxaulus championi showing the cells. (E) Loxaulus panamensis, female. (F) forewing of female. (G) mature galls of Loxaulus panamensis showing the cells." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203687/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The galled stems are barely recognizable before the emergence of the adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6E16550FFC4FFDCFFAD102BFF6A2A04" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC4FFDCFFAD102BFF6A2A04" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC4FFDCFFAD102BFEC72A20" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC4FFDCFE021024FDEA2A20" box="[360,589,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC4FFDCFE021024FDEA2A20" box="[360,589,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Loxaulus championi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found between
|
||
<date id="CA45101BFFC4FFDCFC53102BFC452A5F" box="[825,994,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" value="2400" valueMax="2700">
|
||
2400 and
|
||
<quantity id="79039B3EFFC4FFDCFCC0102BFC452A5F" box="[938,994,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m a.s.l. at Volcan Baru, Chiriqui,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC4FFDCFA031024FF6E2A04" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6E16550FFC4FFDCFFAD1063FBD62ACC" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE4436DBFFC4FFDCFFAD1063FBD62ACC" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC4FFDCFFAD1063FE802AE8" bold="true" box="[199,295,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the asexual generation is known, inducing galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC4FFDCFCC5107CFB532AE7" authority="Liebm." authorityName="Liebm." box="[943,1268,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="8C8FEAC9FFC4FFDCFCC5107CFB3B2AE8" box="[943,1180,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
|
||
Liebm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FB4D58FFC4FFDCFA311063FF662ACC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The galls are found between July and December during the rain season in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6EC764BFFC4FFDCFB7B1099FBCA2ACC" box="[1041,1133,405,428]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |