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<document id="A4C63CFB7430E4A603B0C3032A3248F8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188000" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c8d240d-11fb-481c-b706-d306cb89145a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188000" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461078746407" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James, Samuel W." docDate="2009" docId="03EC87EBFFE3FFBCFF0DFEBBFB8FFE90" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02116p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2116" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Andiorrhinus meansi James, 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFD5FF93FFE2FFBFFF9AFFC7FF92FFDC" masterDocTitle="Andiorrhinus meansi sp. n., a new giant earthworm from the Wokomung Massif, Guyana (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698587175926" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="89CCD0D9F402DE4B975BAF3D11BDCB61">Andiorrhinus meansi sp. n., a new giant earthworm from the Wokomung Massif, Guyana (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAD8853FF87934E21F11902BCB5655B7">James, Samuel W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A7CDEC1B12DABE8409CE903E3E0CAFBF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A57711049BB43F4C852A0A981ABFE441">
<mods:date id="589E02C9C66DBB8E465D5DA0A7A087D1">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="375521544BD54F32D9B03639FBBBDACD" type="volume">
<mods:number id="599A856530DFB94473801F6731D9649C">2116</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F1826E1E4E53D2F15F7280930366EA93" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188000</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF0A8FF185D0AFB9DB9B878C0641082A" type="Zenodo-Dep">188000</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EC87EBFFE3FFBCFF0DFEBBFB8FFE90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213382" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119618078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87EBFFE3FFBCFF0DFEBBFB8FFE90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87EBFFE3FFBCFF0DFEBBFB8FFE90" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection id="C35F6576FFE3FFBEFF0DFEBBFC8BFE64" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF0DFEBBFE70FE49" blockId="1.[151,793,379,440]" box="[151,482,379,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="D0B28191FFE3FFBEFF0DFEBBFE70FE49" bold="true" box="[151,482,379,406]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE3FFBEFF0DFEBBFE70FE49" bold="true" box="[151,482,379,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7EFFE3FFBEFF0DFEBBFE0BFE4A" box="[151,409,380,406]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Andiorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="meansi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE3FFBEFF0DFEBBFE0BFE4A" bold="true" box="[151,409,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Andiorrhinus meansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2025794FFE3FFBEFE3AFEBCFE70FE49" box="[416,482,379,405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF0DFE59FC8BFE64" blockId="1.[151,793,379,440]" box="[151,793,414,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">(Fig. 1A, B: ventral view, calciferous gland schematic)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6576FFE3FFBEFF0DFE2CFB76FD7C" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF0DFE2CFC45FDF0" blockId="1.[151,1437,491,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE3FFBEFF0DFE2CFE80FDD9" bold="true" box="[151,274,491,517]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54FE885FFFE3FFBEFF0DFE2CFE9FFDD9" box="[151,269,491,517]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED54AE38FFE3FFBEFE80FE2BFE18FDDA" box="[282,394,492,518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">KUNHM</collectionCode>
0 0 3008 adult.
<typeStatus id="54FE885FFFE3FFBEFDA5FE2BFDE8FDDA" box="[575,634,492,518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
locality. Wokomung Massif,
<collectingCountry id="F352766DFFE3FFBEFC46FE2BFBAEFDDA" box="[988,1084,492,518]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, Middle Camp,
<geoCoordinate id="EE71503AFFE3FFBEFB66FE2BFA0AFDDA" box="[1276,1432,492,518]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="5.1101665">05° 06.61' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE71503AFFE3FFBEFF0DFDD5FEA0FDF0" box="[151,306,530,556]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="-59.820667">59° 49.24' W</geoCoordinate>
, elevation 1135 masl.
<date id="FFFB103DFFE3FFBEFDADFDD5FD6EFDF0" box="[567,764,530,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="2003-07-16" valueMax="2003-07-18" valueMin="2003-07-16">1618 July 2003</date>
, D.B. Means, coll.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF5CFDFFFB76FD7C" blockId="1.[151,1437,491,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE3FFBEFF5CFDFFFED9FD8E" bold="true" box="[198,331,568,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54FE885FFFE3FFBEFF5CFDFFFED4FD8E" box="[198,326,568,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED54AE38FFE3FFBEFEC8FDFEFE53FD8F" box="[338,449,569,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">KUNHM</collectionCode>
0 0 3009, one subadult, one decapitated clitellate; same location as
<typeStatus id="54FE885FFFE3FFBEFB4AFDFEFAA8FD8F" box="[1232,1338,569,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date id="FFFB103DFFE3FFBEFADCFDFEFEF4FDA6" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="2003-07-30" valueMax="2003-07-16" valueMin="2003-07-30">30 July and 16 July 2003</date>
respectively, D.B. Means, coll;
<collectionCode id="ED54AE38FFE3FFBEFD71FDA7FCC9FDA6" box="[747,859,608,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">KUNHM</collectionCode>
0 0 3010, one adult Wokomung Massif,
<collectingCountry id="F352766DFFE3FFBEFAA2FDA7FA0AFDA6" box="[1336,1432,608,634]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, Falls Camp,
<geoCoordinate id="EE71503AFFE3FFBEFEB6FD41FE51FD7C" box="[300,451,646,672]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="5.0903335">05° 05.42' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE71503AFFE3FFBEFE55FD41FDFBFD7C" box="[463,617,646,672]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="-59.838165">59° 50.29' W</geoCoordinate>
, elevation 1364 masl.
<date id="FFFB103DFFE3FFBEFCF5FD41FB9BFD7C" box="[879,1033,646,672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="2003-07-27">27 July 2003</date>
, D.B. Means, coll.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6576FFE3FFBEFF5CFD6AFC79FD1B" box="[198,1003,685,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF5CFD6AFC79FD1B" blockId="1.[151,1437,491,2026]" box="[198,1003,685,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE3FFBEFF5CFD6AFEC1FD1B" bold="true" box="[198,339,685,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named for D. Bruce Means, the collector.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6576FFE3FFBDFF5CFD14FC79F8B0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF5CFD14FD7BFB38" blockId="1.[151,1437,491,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE3FFBEFF5CFD14FECCFD31" bold="true" box="[198,350,723,749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Description.</emphasis>
Dimensions
<quantity id="4CBD9B18FFE3FFBEFE65FD13FD0CFD32" box="[511,670,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.075" metricValueMax="4.85" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="407.5" valueMax="485.0" valueMin="330.0">330485 mm</quantity>
by
<quantity id="4CBD9B18FFE3FFBEFD55FD13FCC2FD32" box="[719,848,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="23.0">2325 mm</quantity>
at x,
<quantity id="4CBD9B18FFE3FFBEFC00FD13FB89FD32" box="[922,1051,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="21.0">2128 mm</quantity>
at clitellum,
<quantity id="4CBD9B18FFE3FFBEFB24FD13FAADFD32" box="[1214,1343,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">2024 mm</quantity>
at xxx, anterior two-thirds of body cylindrical, dorso-laterally flattened oval in posteriormost 60 segments, 201234 segments. Setae ab commence on iii, cd on ix. Setae closely paired throughout; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 22:2:27:1 at xxx. Prostomium withdrawn into buccal cavity, post-setal secondary annulations present iiixv. Color in life a dark greenish turquoise dorsally, tan ventrally. The dorsal CMYK color values were: 63, 32, 53, 1, respectively. Body wall pigment in circular muscle layer, CMYK values from cross section of preserved specimen: 66, 14, 69, 0.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B0CFFE3FFBEFE5EFC7BFDCDFC0A" author="Seguy" box="[452,607,956,982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" refString="Seguy, E. (1936) Code Universel des Couleurs. Libraire pour les Sciences naturelles, Paris. 68 pp., 55 plates." type="book" year="1936">Seguy(1936)</bibRefCitation>
color codes green #434 dorsally, red-brown #112 or #132 ventrally. Ovipores not seen; male pores not seen but probably near tubercula pubertatis in xviii (see internal characters); spermathecal pores paired in 6/7/8/9, about
<quantity id="4CBD9B18FFE3FFBEFCBDFBCEFC13FBFF" box="[807,897,1033,1059]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
below nephropores in BC; clitellum saddle to just above B, xvixxvi; tubercula pubertatis a narrow edge of the clitellum, xviiixxii; genital markings tumid areas surrounding setae ab in xviixxii (Fig. 1A). Nephropores near D, with muscular cylindrical sphincter deeply embedded in body wall. Genital setae found in segments xviixxii, 30003200 μm long, 90100 μm diameter, short taper to pointed tip, shafts ornamented with closely spaced crescentic indentations on distal third, entire circumference of shaft so ornamented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF5CFB36FC54F893" blockId="1.[151,1437,491,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<collectingCountry id="F352766DFFE3FFBEFF5CFB36FE95FAD7" box="[198,263,1265,1291]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Septa</collectingCountry>
5/6 thin,
<date id="FFFB103DFFE3FFBEFE1AFB36FE64FAD7" box="[384,502,1265,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="1917-06-07" valueMax="1917-06-16" valueMin="1917-06-07">6/716/17</date>
thick, muscular, remaining septa membranous, except ventral portions of 17/ 1822/23 which have muscle bands. Septal insertions on body wall slightly posterior to external segmental furrows, septa adherent to body wall about half of segment length in head segments. Trans-septal muscles lacking except 2 pairs very close to mid-ventral. Alimentary canal with large S-curve folded crop in vvi, large ovoid gizzard in vi; esophagous lacking lamellar folds, valvular in xixxx, intestinal origin xx or xxi; typhlosole origin xxix, end cxli, cxlvi (3), typhlosole simple blade much greater depth than intestinal diameter, folded three times in anterior intestine, terminates abruptly. Pyriform calciferous glands paired viiix, parallel lamellar internal structure with 3032 lamellae per gland. Calciferous glands free ends directed ventrally, filling most of segments viiix, small ventral terminal knob present. Gland ducts attached to lateral pouches on sides of esophagus in each glandular segment, attachment between mid-dorsal and midlateral. Pouches deepest in vii, decreasing posteriorly. Usually a narrow extension of gland duct passes through esophageal wall into esophageal lumen (Fig 1B). Blood vessels to calciferous glands include large branch of supra-esophageal vessel along gland duct; each calciferous gland blood vessel passes from supraesophageal vessel immediately anterior to septum along dorsal edge of lateral pouch of esophagus before joining gland. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of D, nephropores pass through muscular cylinders which may be sphincters. Nephrostomes not seen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBEFF5CF89BFC3EF840" blockId="1.[151,1437,491,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk bifurcating on gizzard in vi, lateral vessels in viiix, esophageal hearts in xxi. Supra-esophageal vessel 7/8-xvii.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE3FFBDFF5CF86EFC06FE90" blockId="1.[151,1437,491,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,332]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Ovaries, ovarian funnels not found; spermathecae paired viiix, each a simple ampulla, basal third of wall with many small sperm chambers, ducts meet body wall posterior to septal insertions, ventral to nephridial ducts. Male sexual system holandric; testes, funnels, hearts and nephridia of segments x, xi, seminal vesicles of xi enclosed in annular sacs formed from membrane connecting septa either side of testicular segment; seminal vesicles simple smooth reniform attached post-septally in xi, xii, the former usually larger; vasa deferentia from testicular funnels, piercing septa close to ventral vessel, descending to body wall in xvii, then bending laterally and entering body wall above level of B in xvii.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE0FFBDFF0DF8C3FC79F8B0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1796,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE0FFBDFF0DF8C3FEB8F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,298,1796,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7EFFE0FFBDFEA9F8C2FDA3F8C2" box="[307,561,1797,1822]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Andiorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="meansi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE0FFBDFEA9F8C2FDA3F8C2" box="[307,561,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Andiorrhinus meansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE0FFBDFDA0F8C3FDEDF8C2" bold="true" box="[570,639,1796,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2025794FFE0FFBDFDA0F8C3FDEDF8C2" box="[570,639,1796,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Ventral view of anterior of
<typeStatus id="54FE885FFFE0FFBDFC63F8C2FBF1F8C3" box="[1017,1123,1797,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from Wokomung Massif,
<collectingCountry id="F352766DFFE0FFBDFF0DF8ECFF6AF899" box="[151,248,1835,1861]" name="Guyana" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Guyana</collectingCountry>
. B. Schematic cross-section diagram of calciferous gland (cg) attachment to esophagus, with duct extension (de) and blood vessel (bv) from supra-esophageal vessel (sev).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6576FFE0FFBCFF5CF858FB8FFE90" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFA36FDFFE0FFBCFF5CF858FB8FFE90" blockId="2.[151,1436,1951,2016]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,332]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE0FFBDFF5CF858FED2F865" bold="true" box="[198,320,1951,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</emphasis>
In one specimen the vasa deferentia descended to the body wall directly from the funnels, entering the longitudinal muscle layer in xi and xii, where tracing was extremely difficult. In the decapitated specimen, some apparent tubules running parallel to the ventral nerve cord were traced within the body wall until lost somewhere in the neighborhood of xx. Not knowing the origin of these tubules it is hard to say what they are, because the location and arrangement is different from what are clearly vasa deferentia in other specimens. The difficulty finding nephrostomes indicates that nephrostomes are probably single rather than multiple per nephridium as in some large
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7EFFE1FFBCFDE5FEF5FC86FE97" box="[639,788,306,331]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Martiodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEFFFE1FFBCFDE5FEF5FC86FE97" box="[639,788,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Martiodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B0CFFE1FFBCFC1AFEF5FB82FE90" author="James" box="[896,1040,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="James, S. W. (1990) Martiodrilus olivaceous and M. panamensis, new earthworms from Colombia and Panama. (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae). Zoologica Scripta, 19, 305 - 308." type="journal article" year="1990">James 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>