261 lines
31 KiB
XML
261 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="B3CEE6E9874508FACD4E891D28802565" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3893.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bf9de45-df17-4f15-b5be-31d9f26a9621" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287578" ID-ZooBank="1D415B70-A128-4605-9C60-BDF6E3FE7CF5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460995678348" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vijayakumar, S. P., Dinesh, K. P., Prabhu, Mrugank V. & Shanker, Kartik" docDate="2014" docId="03EC87DCB83CFFD2B0F1FA90178BFC17" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03893p488.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3893 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Raorchestes indigo Vijayakumar, Dinesh, Prabhu & Shanker, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="477" masterDocId="FFD5FFA4B824FFC8B066FFA5167CFFB0" masterDocTitle="Lineage delimitation and description of nine new species of bush frogs (Anura: Raorchestes, Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats Escarpment" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="475" updateTime="1698562711362" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="E9BDA8D96FB93BC808BA2A54736C0C79" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="FBEDF7ACA4D433723C2B1B8B2055D8E3">
|
||
<mods:title id="2E10404145B8C257BFC757F21ADACA49">Lineage delimitation and description of nine new species of bush frogs (Anura: Raorchestes, Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats Escarpment</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="A091C3AF2588FB065D6FB71DEABCCC1B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="389DDF90F6FE0402D9F1EDD6AEFF39D5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F0889C3B6D9AE18F71681C27FE91B03B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="66109B1000BE4183C8E942DD68BA84AA">Vijayakumar, S. P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FF18E1305296214D4EA84101B88FCBCC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A8D0654CF9A43A9E2147C8177012F14C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="086BB96D914B7F6F5DF20C0F28D8C243">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EFCEA3CC82B3924D2472D246A9467492">Dinesh, K. P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0BEFFC26ECDA1422B766E8F686CBA559" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0DBAAD346FBCD4EEDE42FF001EA9813A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="01B04C1163D3711F15D549EB882A4924">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="25B551CD3465A97A2B556676E45B2EC6">Prabhu, Mrugank V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4F9BA57D2862CFC79554663018A013F6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E275CF6CE2C2F6B93D130ADC92CF109D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="63C0E054489D2FB771FFC6AA2E8DC300">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FCDCD1BF4888058170703678B5295670">Shanker, Kartik</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="9880E6F133D58EE63BE971A9BA32DCBA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="D7035FFEF7CFE8F18C5BB954C8710EE3" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C7B7A2EA8A0CA44A354DC6C5EC27CA09">
|
||
<mods:title id="30B8D8FF486CB5B9BCDD3796A893A576">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="31D1E0B2E26FC5FBCFEB5BE85031CF34">
|
||
<mods:date id="3A735EB49EDB5160DFFAF975883CF4BD">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9DD7AB2875F4E3DE7E966C7E795B5D91" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="8BBD520085BDE28FF936EDDED08385CA">3893</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D773E004DAFBBFCF4FFFABBE3C7676FD" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="C20BC00166F12B60E0D9D0AF856FD5F1">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="EFE7FE2B3F15CC5707AF8B26B5DF1C18" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="CD0EE1ADF13656B483E2A5A30C48BBBB">451</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E6EF6EE5CBCD5AE0AA33460A979EFE44">488</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="2D750EDF776C018749B1F8D970BE442D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A0A6CAF92395026EB17D435A7CD9EE65" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3893.4.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AB26C5C7D66089507460960285ECA148" type="GBIF-Dataset">2bf9de45-df17-4f15-b5be-31d9f26a9621</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4D54DCAB23BB67DD5E819E7B3F9EC16A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="47E6A7B3AE32E85D90D6A732802402D7" type="Zenodo-Dep">287578</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A8325FA2587AD0A1DCF9E84C8DF9A394" type="ZooBank">1D415B70-A128-4605-9C60-BDF6E3FE7CF5</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03EC87DCB83CFFD2B0F1FA90178BFC17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87DCB83CFFD2B0F1FA90178BFC17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87DCB83CFFD2B0F1FA90178BFC17" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6541B83CFFD0B0F1FA901783FAFF" box="[151,511,1333,1359]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83CFFD0B0F1FA901783FAFF" blockId="24.[151,530,1333,1393]" box="[151,511,1333,1359]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<heading id="D0B281A6B83CFFD0B0F1FA901783FAFF" bold="true" box="[151,511,1333,1359]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B0F1FA901783FAFF" bold="true" box="[151,511,1333,1359]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D49B83CFFD0B0D2FA9017E7FAFF" ID-CoL="6WSRP" box="[180,411,1333,1359]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indigo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B0D2FA9017E7FAFF" bold="true" box="[180,411,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Raorchestes indigo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257A3B83CFFD0B1C7FA901783FAFF" box="[417,511,1333,1359]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6541B83CFFD0B0F8FAFD146EFAC0" box="[158,530,1368,1393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83CFFD0B0F8FAFD146EFAC0" blockId="24.[151,530,1333,1393]" box="[158,530,1368,1393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B0C3FAFD176EFAC0" box="[165,274,1368,1393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[153,1412,218,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,2009]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of new species of bush frogs (Raorchestes) from Western Ghats. Orange filled circles" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287580/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B178FAFD1750FAC0" box="[286,300,1368,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[381,1214,235,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[347,1240,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. A maximum likelihood tree for bush frogs, and in the Western Ghats, based on three MtDNA genes: 16 S, Cytb and ND 1. The lineages described are marked in red. Sub-clades are named on the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287581/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">3</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B136FAFD1711FAC0" box="[336,365,1368,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,219,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1617]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Raorchestes indigo sp. nov. (a) profile in life; (b) eye profile in life; (c) dorsal profile of holotype; (d) ventral profile in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287589/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">11</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C70371B83CFFD0B11CFAFD17ABFAC0" box="[378,471,1368,1393]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[119,202,525,547]" captionTargetBox="[119,1832,583,1653]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric measurements for the exemplary specimens of new species of Raorchestes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3A6642B82EFFC2B011FDA8121DFD92" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" tableUuid="DF3A6642B82EFFC2B011FDA8121DFD92">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C70371B83CFFD0B19DFAFD1475FAC0" box="[507,521,1368,1392]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="32.[151,239,296,319]" captionText="TABLE 3. Extant valid species of Raorchestes in Western Ghats." pageId="24" pageNumber="475">3</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6541B83CFFD1B0F1FA3817DDF8B9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83CFFD0B0F1FA3817D8FA4B" blockId="24.[151,1436,1437,1984]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B0F1FA381771FA06" bold="true" box="[151,269,1437,1462]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE8868B83CFFD0B0F1FA381774FA06" box="[151,264,1437,1462]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE0FB83CFFD0B12EFA3B17E1FA06" box="[328,413,1438,1462]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">WGRC</collectionCode>
|
||
/V/A/877 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE0FB83CFFD0B270FA3B1422FA06" box="[534,606,1438,1462]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">CESF</collectionCode>
|
||
1437), a female (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83CFFD0B33BFA3815BBFA06" box="[861,967,1437,1462]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="25.7">25.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), collected by S.P. Vijayakumar and K.P. Dinesh in
|
||
<date id="FFFB100AB83CFFD0B16DFA6517BDFA68" box="[267,449,1472,1497]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" value="2011-09">September 2011</date>
|
||
from a stunted forest site (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE71500DB83CFFD0B297FA651510FA68" box="[753,876,1472,1496]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" precision="5" value="13.1333">13.1333 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE71500DB83CFFD0B31EFA651593FA68" box="[888,1007,1472,1497]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" precision="5" value="75.2704">75.2704 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Kudremukh Massif (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B48BFA651354FA68" box="[1261,1320,1472,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[153,1399,236,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,2010]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A map of the Western Ghats showing the major physiographic features referred to in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287579/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), Western Ghats, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352765AB83CFFD0B105FA4717DCFA4B" box="[355,416,1506,1531]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83CFFD0B0A1F9A0147AF9D3" blockId="24.[151,1436,1437,1984]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B0A1F9A01741F9AE" bold="true" box="[199,317,1541,1566]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE8868B83CFFD0B0A1F9A01744F9AE" box="[199,312,1541,1566]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZSI/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE0FB83CFFD0B11CF9A317B3F9AE" box="[378,463,1542,1566]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">WGRC</collectionCode>
|
||
/V/A/878 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE0FB83CFFD0B22CF9A314EFF9AE" box="[586,659,1542,1566]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">CESF</collectionCode>
|
||
123), a female (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83CFFD0B3EDF9A3158AF9AE" box="[907,1014,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), collected by S.P. Vijayakumar and M.S. Chaitra in
|
||
<date id="FFFB100AB83CFFD0B13EF98D178AF9F0" box="[344,502,1576,1601]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" value="2008-10">October 2008</date>
|
||
from a stunted forest site (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE71500DB83CFFD0B358F98D15C1F9F0" box="[830,957,1576,1600]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" precision="5" value="13.1347">13.1347 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE71500DB83CFFD0B3ABF98D123AF9F0" box="[973,1094,1576,1601]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" precision="5" value="75.2705">75.2705 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) Kudremukh Massif (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B52DF98D13F7F9F0" box="[1355,1419,1576,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[153,1399,236,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,2010]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A map of the Western Ghats showing the major physiographic features referred to in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287579/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), Western Ghats, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352765AB83CFFD0B1A3F9EF147EF9D3" box="[453,514,1610,1635]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83CFFD0B0A1F9CB1587F8A2" blockId="24.[151,1436,1437,1984]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B0A1F9CB17D0F937" bold="true" box="[199,428,1646,1671]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Lineage diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D49B83CFFD0B1DBF9CB14E2F936" box="[445,670,1646,1670]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indigo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B1DBF9CB14E2F936" box="[445,670,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Raorchestes indigo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B2C8F9C8156BF937" bold="true" box="[686,791,1645,1671]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257A3B83CFFD0B2C8F9C8156BF937" box="[686,791,1645,1671]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
could be readily diagnosed by its deep divergence (16S—6.4%) on the phylogenetic tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B217F93414C9F91A" box="[625,693,1681,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[381,1214,235,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[347,1240,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. A maximum likelihood tree for bush frogs, and in the Western Ghats, based on three MtDNA genes: 16 S, Cytb and ND 1. The lineages described are marked in red. Sub-clades are named on the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287581/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), with an unresolved relationship status within clade N. It is morphologically distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B1DDF911147AF97C" box="[443,518,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,219,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1617]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Raorchestes indigo sp. nov. (a) profile in life; (b) eye profile in life; (c) dorsal profile of holotype; (d) ventral profile in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287589/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) from all other members of the subclade N. It is geographically restricted to the high elevations of the Kudremukh Massif. The lineage is diagnosed based on four axes: phylogenetic position, genetic divergence, morphological distinctness and geographical distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83CFFD0B0A1F8B91284F80F" blockId="24.[151,1436,1437,1984]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B0A1F8B91458F885" bold="true" box="[199,548,1820,1845]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Field diagnosis. Morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
There are no close relatives (within the clade N) that could be confused with this lineage. All can be readily distinguished by a combination of the following characteristics. (1) Size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83CFFD0B0F1F8C41742F8C9" box="[151,318,1889,1914]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.57" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="25.7" valueMin="24.3">24.3–25.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=5); (2) Dorsum greenish with irregular black and yellow spots/blotches; (3) ventrally uniform bluish white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B155F8211701F82C" box="[307,381,1924,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,219,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1617]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Raorchestes indigo sp. nov. (a) profile in life; (b) eye profile in life; (c) dorsal profile of holotype; (d) ventral profile in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287589/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) (4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D49B83CFFD0B184F8211455F82D" box="[482,553,1924,1949]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indigo">indigo</taxonomicName>
|
||
coloration of the groin, posterior arm pits, anterior and posterior femur, tibia and tarsus (unique among the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D49B83CFFD0B23BF8021499F80F" box="[605,741,1959,1983]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83CFFD0B23BF8021499F80F" box="[605,741,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Raorchestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B292F8031547F80F" box="[756,827,1958,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,219,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1617]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Raorchestes indigo sp. nov. (a) profile in life; (b) eye profile in life; (c) dorsal profile of holotype; (d) ventral profile in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287589/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)); (5) iris silvery brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83CFFD0B411F80312C3F80F" box="[1143,1215,1958,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,219,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1617]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Raorchestes indigo sp. nov. (a) profile in life; (b) eye profile in life; (c) dorsal profile of holotype; (d) ventral profile in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287589/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3A6642B83DFFD1B0F1F9CF1758F912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287589/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" targetBox="[171,1409,219,1592]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83DFFD1B0F1F9CF1758F912" blockId="25.[151,1435,1641,1698]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83DFFD1B0F1F9CF1763F930" bold="true" box="[151,287,1642,1664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D49B83DFFD1B141F9CF1797F930" box="[295,491,1642,1664]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indigo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83DFFD1B141F9CF1797F930" box="[295,491,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Raorchestes indigo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83DFFD1B195F9CC1436F930" bold="true" box="[499,586,1641,1664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257A3B83DFFD1B195F9CC1436F930" box="[499,586,1641,1664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(a) profile in life; (b) eye profile in life; (c) dorsal profile of holotype; (d) ventral profile in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83DFFD1B0A1F96917DDF8B9" blockId="25.[151,1436,1740,2017]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83DFFD1B0A1F969172EF955" bold="true" box="[199,338,1740,1765]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Geography.</emphasis>
|
||
Restricted in distribution to the high elevations of the Kudremukh Massif (see natural history and distribution for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6541B83DFFD2B0A1F8B1169AFD1B" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83DFFD2B0A1F8B11766FF65" blockId="25.[151,1436,1740,2017]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,151,935]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83DFFD1B0A1F8B1154EF89D" bold="true" box="[199,818,1812,1837]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE8868B83DFFD1B11AF8B1179FF89D" box="[380,483,1812,1837]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(all measurements in mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A small sized bush frog (SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83DFFD1B4DDF8B1135AF89C" box="[1211,1318,1812,1837]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="25.7">25.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), width of head broader than head length (HW =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83DFFD1B205F89D14B3F8E0" box="[611,719,1848,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="10.1">10.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HL = 7.0 mm), flat dorsally; snout acutely pointed, slightly protruding beyond mouth. Snout length is sub equal to diameter of eye (SL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83DFFD1B447F8F91207F8C4" box="[1057,1147,1884,1908]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83DFFD1B4A8F8F91350F8C4" box="[1230,1324,1884,1908]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Canthus rostralis angular, loreal region flat. Interorbital space (IUE =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83DFFD1B32DF82515DFF828" box="[843,931,1920,1944]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) flat and broader than upper eyelid (UEW =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83DFFD1B0F1F801168CF80C" box="[151,240,1956,1980]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Interorbital space between posterior margins of the eyes 1.7 times that of anterior margins (IFE = 5.2, IBE =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83DFFD1B0D6F86D1770F850" box="[176,268,1992,2016]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Nostrils oval, nearer to tip of snout. Weak symphysial knob. Pupil horizontal. Tympanum indistinct, barely visible behind the eye. Tongue bifid, granular with a retractile papilla. Supratympanic fold from behind eye to shoulder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83EFFD2B0A1FF7A121EFEF3" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
Relative length of fingers I<II<IV<III, finger tips with well developed disks (fd3 =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B439FF4512C4FF47" box="[1119,1208,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; fw3 =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B563FF451320FF48" box="[1285,1372,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with distinct circum–marginal grooves, fingers with dermal fringes on both sides. Webbing on palm absent, subarticular tubercles moderate and pre-pollex tubercle moderate. Supernumerary tubercles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83EFFD2B0A1FEEB17C6FE47" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F352765AB83EFFD2B0A1FEEB1683FED7" box="[199,255,334,359]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limb long, heels barely touch when folded at right angles to the body. Thigh/Femur (TL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B567FEEA131AFED7" box="[1281,1382,335,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="mm" value="10.7">10.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) sub equal to Shank/Tibia (ShL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B182FED61431FE3B" box="[484,589,371,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="mm" value="11.1">11.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
); sub equal to foot (FOL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B3EDFED61598FE3B" box="[907,996,371,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and less than heel to tip of fourth toe (TFOL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B162FE331711FE1F" box="[260,365,406,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="mm" value="15.1">15.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Relative toe length I<II<III<V<IV, webbing moderate, web formula (I 1-
|
||
<date id="FFFB100AB83EFFD2B4D3FE3212A0FE1F" box="[1205,1244,407,431]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">1 II</date>
|
||
1-
|
||
<date id="FFFB100AB83EFFD2B49EFE321375FE1F" box="[1272,1289,407,431]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">2</date>
|
||
III 1-
|
||
<date id="FFFB100AB83EFFD2B521FE321324FE1F" box="[1351,1368,407,431]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">2</date>
|
||
IV 2-
|
||
<date id="FFFB100AB83EFFD2B0F1FE1E16BAFE63" box="[151,198,443,467]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">1 V</date>
|
||
). Tibiotarsal articulation reaches posterior corner of eye. Outer metatarsal tubercle, supernumerary tubercles and tarsal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83EFFD2B0A1FDA7169AFD1B" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83EFFD2B0A1FDA71721FDAB" bold="true" box="[199,349,514,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum, canthal region, lateral parts distinctly green with bluish tinge; posterior arm pits, groin, anterior and posterior femur, tibia and tarsus distinctly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D49B83EFFD2B29CFD83153EFD8F" box="[762,834,550,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indigo">indigo</taxonomicName>
|
||
varying in lighter to darker (at groin) shades. Dorsum with irregular fine black blotches, denser towards head region. Ventrally uniform bluish white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83EFFD2B481FDEF134EFDD3" box="[1255,1330,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,219,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,195,1617]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Raorchestes indigo sp. nov. (a) profile in life; (b) eye profile in life; (c) dorsal profile of holotype; (d) ventral profile in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287589/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Fig 11</figureCitation>
|
||
d), throat white with yellow at the lip margins. Iris with a distinct silvery background, coarsely speckled with shades of brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6541B83EFFD2B0A1FD13178BFC17" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83EFFD2B0A1FD131242FD42" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83EFFD2B0A1FD131732FD7F" bold="true" box="[199,334,694,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after the unique ‘indigo’ colour of the groin and other under parts of the body. The specific epithet “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D49B83EFFD2B1AFFD7F1469FD43" box="[457,533,730,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Raorchestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indigo">indigo</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is used as a noun in apposition to generic name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA36CAB83EFFD2B0A1FD5B178BFC17" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EAD8B83EFFD2B0A1FD5B1423FCA7" bold="true" box="[199,607,766,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Natural history and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
A range restricted species, observed in the high elevation (>
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B551FD5A13E8FCA7" box="[1335,1428,767,791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
) stunted forests around the highest peak in the Kudremukh Massif (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83EFFD2B31BFC8715C4FC8B" box="[893,952,802,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[153,1399,236,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,2010]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A map of the Western Ghats showing the major physiographic features referred to in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287579/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A4FB83EFFD2B3BAFC861591FC8B" box="[988,1005,803,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[153,1412,218,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,2009]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of new species of bush frogs (Raorchestes) from Western Ghats. Orange filled circles" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287580/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). All the individuals were observed on the forest floor on leaves (avg.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B2FB83EFFD2B191FCE31435FCEF" box="[503,585,838,863]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" unit="cm" value="116.0">116 cm</quantity>
|
||
above ground level, n=6). Further surveys are needed to locate populations in other high elevations zones within Kudremukh Massif and also to explore the presence of any allied lineages in the adjacent Pushpagiri Massif.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |