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<document id="C81BB24FBF28DBA16ACC45AB1E98A20B" ID-CLB-Dataset="2447" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="851d995a-7acd-410b-9ab8-c38a81a2fc4f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5896385" ID-ZooBank="5E84BAA2-9CD2-4471-93A2-56A468E69DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1643010407355" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Runyon, Justin B." docDate="2022" docId="03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5092.5.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5092 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tachytrechus sanus Osten Sacken 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="552" masterDocId="FFD8FFD9FFCFFFCFD27EDD4BD426FF9A" masterDocTitle="Nematode-induced demasculinization of Nearctic Dolichopodidae (Diptera) with five new synonyms" masterLastPageNumber="558" masterPageNumber="545" pageNumber="552" updateTime="1699303849551" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EDED070B413978F7D755F8D8D6913475">Nematode-induced demasculinization of Nearctic Dolichopodidae (Diptera) with five new synonyms</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896401" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192572192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5896401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<subSubSection id="C352653CFFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD6A4FF2B" box="[151,642,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD6A4FF2B" blockId="7.[151,642,151,213]" box="[151,642,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<heading id="D0BF81DBFFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD6A4FF2B" bold="true" box="[151,642,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD6A4FF2B" ID-CoL="7BH3M" authority="Osten Sacken, 1877" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,642,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD6A4FF2B" bold="true" box="[151,642,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD5A0FF2B" bold="true" box="[151,390,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus sanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D3F0DDDCD6A4FF2B" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[398,642,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="189 - 354" refId="ref7348" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1877) Western Diptera: Descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California. [U. S. Department of the Interior] Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 3, 189 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 57939" type="journal article" year="1877">Osten Sacken, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352653CFFC8FFC8D2E9DDF0D501FF4F" box="[151,295,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DDF0D501FF4F" blockId="7.[151,642,151,213]" box="[151,295,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
(
<figureCitation id="13732A32FFC8FFC8D2E1DDF0D539FF4F" box="[159,287,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–39" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[152,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27–39. Effects of parasitism by parasitylenchid nematodes on males of Tachytrechus sanus Osten Sacken. 27. Head of normal male. 28. Head of infected male. 29. Head of female. 30. Habitus, normal male. 31. Habitus, infected male (holotype of T. boharti Harmston). Note shorter arista (left arrow), darker front coxae and femora (middle arrow), and smaller genitalia (right arrow). 32. Male with abdomen opened to reveal nematodes of Parasitylenchus myiophagus Poinar &amp; Runyon. Note numerous nematodes in abdominal cavity. Arrows indicate two nematodes removed from abdomen. 33. Male antenna, normally developed. 34–39. Antennae of infected males, showing variation caused by nematodes. 34, 35. Antennae of two infected males collected together in Ravalli County, Montana, USA. 36. Antenna of infected male from Gallatin County, Montana, USA. 37. Apex of arista, holotype of T. boharti. 38. Apex of arista, holotype of T. duplicatus Harmston. 39. Apex of arista, holotype of T. mchughi Harmston." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5896403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Figs 27–39</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352653CFFC8FFC8D2E9DC4BD033FE41" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DC4BD641FE8D" blockId="7.[151,723,255,402]" box="[151,615,255,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB581199FFC8FFC8D2E9DC4BD641FE8D" box="[151,615,255,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE910A6FFC8FFC8D2E9DC4BD645FE8D" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[151,611,255,280]" page="316" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" year="1877">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9DC4BD645FE8D" ID-CoL="7BH3M" authority="Osten Sacken, 1877: 316" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,611,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DC4BD57BFE8D" box="[151,349,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus sanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D31DDC4BD645FE8D" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[355,611,255,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="189 - 354" refId="ref7348" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1877) Western Diptera: Descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California. [U. S. Department of the Interior] Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 3, 189 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 57939" type="journal article" year="1877">Osten Sacken, 1877: 316</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DC55D669FEAC" blockId="7.[151,723,255,402]" box="[151,591,286,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB581199FFC8FFC8D2E9DC55D669FEAC" box="[151,591,286,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE910A6FFC8FFC8D2E9DC55D66DFEAC" author="Van Duzee, M. C." box="[151,587,286,310]" page="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9DC55D66DFEAC" authority="Van Duzee, 1924: 43" authorityName="Van Duzee" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,587,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tetrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinitarsus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DC55D54BFEAC" box="[151,365,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tetrechus spinitarsus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D30ADC54D66DFEAC" author="Van Duzee, M. C." box="[372,587,286,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="43 - 44" refId="ref7981" refString="Van Duzee, M. C. (1924) A new western dolichopodid. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 1, 43 - 44." type="journal article" year="1924">Van Duzee, 1924: 43</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DC76D681FECF" blockId="7.[151,723,255,402]" box="[151,679,317,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB581199FFC8FFC8D2E9DC76D681FECF" box="[151,679,317,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE910A6FFC8FFC8D2E9DC76D619FECF" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[151,575,317,341]" page="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" year="1968">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9DC76D619FECF" ID-CoL="54FQS" authority="Harmston, 1968: 15" authorityName="Harmston" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,575,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boharti">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DC76D548FECF" box="[151,366,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus boharti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D30ADC76D619FECF" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[372,575,317,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="13 - 27" refId="ref6727" refString="Harmston, F. C. (1968) New Dolichopodidae from Canada, Mexico, and the western United States. Entomological News, 79, 13 - 27." type="journal article" year="1968">Harmston, 1968: 15</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D034DC76D681FECF" bold="true" box="[586,679,317,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F57DEFFC8FFC8D034DC76D681FECF" box="[586,679,317,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DC17D6F5FEEE" blockId="7.[151,723,255,402]" box="[151,723,347,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB581199FFC8FFC8D2E9DC17D6F5FEEE" box="[151,723,347,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE910A6FFC8FFC8D2E9DC17D64DFEE9" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[151,619,347,372]" page="157" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9DC17D64DFEE9" ID-CoL="54FRM" authority="Harmston, 1972: 157" authorityName="Harmston" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,619,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DC17D5ABFEEE" box="[151,397,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus duplicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D3EDDC17D64DFEE9" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[403,619,347,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref6758" refString="Harmston, F. C. (1972) New Dolichopodidae from California and Oregon (Diptera). Entomological News, 83, 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="1972">Harmston, 1972: 157</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D008DC17D6F5FEEE" bold="true" box="[630,723,348,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F57DEFFC8FFC8D008DC17D6F5FEEE" box="[630,723,348,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DC31D6E7FE08" blockId="7.[151,723,255,402]" box="[151,705,378,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB581199FFC8FFC8D2E9DC31D6E7FE08" box="[151,705,378,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE910A6FFC8FFC8D2E9DC31D67FFE08" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[151,601,378,402]" page="156" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9DC31D67FFE08" ID-CoL="54FT4" authority="Harmston, 1972: 156" authorityName="Harmston" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,601,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mchughi">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DC31D55CFE08" box="[151,378,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus mchughi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D3FEDC30D67FFE08" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[384,601,378,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref6758" refString="Harmston, F. C. (1972) New Dolichopodidae from California and Oregon (Diptera). Entomological News, 83, 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="1972">Harmston, 1972: 156</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D01ADC31D6E7FE08" bold="true" box="[612,705,378,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F57DEFFC8FFC8D01ADC31D6E7FE08" box="[612,705,378,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2E9DC8AD033FE41" blockId="7.[151,1437,448,1483]" box="[151,1045,448,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9DC8AD53EFE41" bold="true" box="[151,280,449,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Nematode.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D360DC8BD037FE41" authority="Poinar &amp; Runyon" authorityName="Poinar &amp; Runyon" box="[286,1041,448,475]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D360DC8BD647FE40" box="[286,609,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
Poinar &amp; Runyon (Parasitylenchidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352653CFFC8FFC8D2B9DCAFD602FD61" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2B9DCAFD602FD61" blockId="7.[151,1437,448,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2B9DCAFD67DFE64" bold="true" box="[199,603,484,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Demasculinized males examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B203CEAFFC8FFC8D019DCAFD73FFDB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451916313" collectingDate="1962-08-02" collectingDateMax="2010-07-30" collectingDateMin="1962-08-02" collectionCode="RM, UCDC, CAS, DM, MTEC, R" collectorName="RM Bohart" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" elevation="2195" latitude="45.962166" location="Bohart" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F38815FFC8FFC8D019DCAFD6E9FE64" box="[615,719,484,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D0A5DCAED6D6FE65" box="[731,752,485,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D15EDCAFD034FE64" authorityName="Harmston" authorityYear="1968" box="[800,1042,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boharti">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D15EDCAFD034FE64" box="[800,1042,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus boharti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35F7627FFC8FFC8D65BDCAED046FE65" box="[1061,1120,485,511]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D60FDCAFD0C3FE64" box="[1137,1253,484,510]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62964E3BFFC8FFC8D68BDCAFD1BFFE65" box="[1269,1433,484,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Sierra County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B93ACCDFFC8FFC8D2E9DF43D536FDB9" box="[151,272,520,547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Yuba Pass</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFF61077FFC8FFC8D361DF42D58BFDB8" box="[287,429,520,547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1964-07-07">
<collectingDate id="EFB2E99FFFC8FFC8D361DF42D58BFDB8" box="[287,429,520,547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1964-07-07">7 July 1964</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D3C5DF42D5C1FDB9" box="[443,487,521,547]" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="Museum">RM</collectionCode>
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D38CDF43D618FDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D38CDF43D618FDB8" box="[498,574,520,546]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Bohart" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Bohart</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D02EDF42D687FDB9" box="[592,673,521,547]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="Museum">UCDC</collectionCode>
) [photos];
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B203CEAFFC8FFC8D15ADF43D711FDDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451916305" collectingDate="1962-08-02" collectingDateMax="2010-07-30" collectingDateMin="1962-08-02" collectionCode="RM, UCDC, CAS, DM, MTEC, R" collectorName="FC Harmston" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" elevation="2195" latitude="45.962166" location="Bohart" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F38815FFC8FFC8D15ADF43D7A0FDB8" box="[804,902,520,546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D1EFDF42D780FDB9" box="[913,934,521,547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D1ADDF43D0C0FDB8" box="[979,1254,520,546]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D1ADDF43D0C0FDB8" box="[979,1254,520,546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus duplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35F7627FFC8FFC8D689DF42D114FDB9" box="[1271,1330,521,547]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D73FDF42D1BEFDB9" box="[1345,1432,521,547]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Oregon</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D2E9DF67D4FCFDDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D2E9DF67D4FCFDDC" box="[151,218,556,582]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Baker" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Baker</location>
[City],
<date id="FFF61077FFC8FFC8D349DF67D5E9FDDD" box="[311,463,556,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1965-07-25">
<collectingDate id="EFB2E99FFFC8FFC8D349DF67D5E9FDDD" box="[311,463,556,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1965-07-25">25 July 1965</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26BD5361FFC8FFC8D3A3DF66D650FDDD" box="[477,630,557,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">FC Harmston</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D0F6DF66D6E7FDDD" box="[648,705,557,583]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
) [photos];
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B203CEAFFC8FFC8D13FDF67D7F9FDF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451916312" collectingDate="1962-08-02" collectingDateMax="2010-07-30" collectingDateMin="1962-08-02" collectionCode="RM, UCDC, CAS, DM, MTEC, R" collectorName="RA McHugh" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" elevation="2195" latitude="45.962166" location="Bohart" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F38815FFC8FFC8D13FDF67D785FDDC" box="[833,931,556,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D1D2DF66D7E7FDDD" box="[940,961,557,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D195DF67D0CEFDDC" box="[1003,1256,556,582]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mchughi">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D195DF67D0CEFDDC" box="[1003,1256,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus mchughi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35F7627FFC8FFC8D687DF66D112FDDD" box="[1273,1332,557,583]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D73FDF66D1BEFDDD" box="[1345,1432,557,583]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Oregon</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D2E9DF1BD524FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D2E9DF1BD524FDF0" box="[151,258,592,618]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Latourele" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Latourele</location>
[Latourell]
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D3F0DF1BD5E1FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D3F0DF1BD5E1FDF0" box="[398,455,592,618]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Falls" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Falls</location>
,
<date id="FFF61077FFC8FFC8D3ABDF1AD6A6FDF0" box="[469,640,592,619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1962-08-02">
<collectingDate id="EFB2E99FFFC8FFC8D3ABDF1AD6A6FDF0" box="[469,640,592,619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1962-08-02">2 August 1962</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26BD5361FFC8FFC8D0F3DF1AD739FDF0" box="[653,799,592,619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">RA McHugh</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D14EDF1AD74FFDF1" box="[816,873,593,619]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
) [photos];
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B203CEAFFC8FFC8D197DF1AD7DAFD15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451916302" collectingDate="1962-08-02" collectingDateMax="2010-07-30" collectingDateMin="1962-08-02" collectionCode="RM, UCDC, CAS, DM, MTEC, R" collectorName="DM Gordon" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" elevation="2195" latitude="45.962166" location="Bohart" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D197DF1AD031FDF1" box="[1001,1047,593,619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35F7627FFC8FFC8D65BDF1AD046FDF1" box="[1061,1120,593,619]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D613DF1BD0C7FDF0" box="[1133,1249,592,618]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">California</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D691DF1BD1BFFDF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D691DF1BD1BFFDF1" box="[1263,1433,592,619]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Trinity County" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Trinity County</location>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D2E9DF3ED574FD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D2E9DF3ED574FD14" box="[151,338,628,655]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Scott Mountains" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Scott Mountains</location>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D325DF3FD622FD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D325DF3FD622FD14" box="[347,516,628,654]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Stoddard Mine" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Stoddard Mine</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB09B52FFC8FFC8D070DF3ED646FD14" box="[526,608,628,655]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19456" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" unit="ft" value="7200.0">
<elevation id="0065D184FFC8FFC8D070DF3ED646FD14" box="[526,608,628,655]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19456" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" unit="ft" value="7200.0">7200 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF61077FFC8FFC8D014DF3FD6DDFD15" box="[618,763,628,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1981-07-25">
<collectingDate id="EFB2E99FFFC8FFC8D014DF3FD6DDFD15" box="[618,763,628,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="1981-07-25">25 July 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D178DF3ED715FD15" box="[774,819,629,655]" country="New Zealand" name="Dominion Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">DM</collectionCode>
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D147DF3FD7A9FD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D147DF3FD7A9FD14" box="[825,911,628,654]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Gordon" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Gordon</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D1E2DF3ED7D6FD15" box="[924,1008,629,655]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zm6z-4gpy" name="Montana State Entomology Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="Museum">MTEC</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B203CEAFFC8FFC8D67DDF3ED13EFD29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451916307" collectingDate="1962-08-02" collectingDateMax="2010-07-30" collectingDateMin="1962-08-02" collectionCode="RM, UCDC, CAS, DM, MTEC, R" collectorName="R Hurley &amp; J Runyon" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" elevation="2195" latitude="45.962166" location="Bohart" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D67DDF3ED00BFD15" box="[1027,1069,629,655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35F7627FFC8FFC8D646DF3ED055FD15" box="[1080,1139,629,655]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D603DF3ED0C5FD15" box="[1149,1251,629,655]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Montana</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D690DF3FD1BFFD15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D690DF3FD1BFFD15" box="[1262,1433,628,655]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Ravalli County" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Ravalli County</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A452F95FFC8FFC8D2E9DFD2D5EAFD29" box="[151,460,664,691]" location="Skalkaho Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<quantity id="4CB09B52FFC8FFC8D2E9DFD2D4C1FD28" box="[151,231,664,691]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" unit="km" value="0.8">0.8 km</quantity>
NW Skalkaho Pass
</locationDeviation>
, roadside seep,
<date id="FFF61077FFC8FFC8D0FDDFD2D71DFD29" box="[643,827,665,691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="2002-08-18">
<collectingDate id="EFB2E99FFFC8FFC8D0FDDFD2D71DFD29" box="[643,827,665,691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="2002-08-18">18 August 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
, 7270 ft,
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D1D4DFD2D79BFD29" box="[938,957,665,691]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">R</collectionCode>
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D1B8DFD3D032FD28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D1B8DFD3D032FD28" box="[966,1044,664,690]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Hurley" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Hurley</location>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26BD5361FFC8FFC8D645DFD2D08EFD29" box="[1083,1192,665,691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">J Runyon</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D6C6DFD2D12AFD29" box="[1208,1292,665,691]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zm6z-4gpy" name="Montana State Entomology Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="Museum">MTEC</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B203CEAFFC8FFC8D75FDFD2D602FD61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451916314" collectingDate="1962-08-02" collectingDateMax="2010-07-30" collectingDateMin="1962-08-02" collectionCode="RM, UCDC, CAS, DM, MTEC, R" collectorName="JB Runyon" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" elevation="2195" latitude="45.962166" location="Bohart" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D75FDFD2D169FD29" box="[1313,1359,665,691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35F7627FFC8FFC8D723DFD2D1BEFD29" box="[1373,1432,665,691]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D2E9DFF6D4DBFD4D" box="[151,253,701,727]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Montana</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D375DFF7D5E5FD4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D375DFF7D5E5FD4D" box="[267,451,700,727]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Gallatin County" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Gallatin County</location>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D3AEDFF7D68FFD4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D3AEDFF7D68FFD4C" box="[464,681,700,726]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Bridger Mountains" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Bridger Mountains</location>
,
<location id="8E97606CFFC8FFC8D0C9DFF7D750FD4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187A1FFC8FFC8D2E9DDDCD1A7FA51:8E97606CFFC8FFC8D0C9DFF7D750FD4D" box="[695,886,700,727]" country="United States of America" county="Sierra County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Yuba Pass" name="Johnson Canyon" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" stateProvince="California">Johnson Canyon</location>
, large hillside spring,
<date id="FFF61077FFC8FFC8D608DFF6D128FD4D" box="[1142,1294,700,727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="2010-07-30">
<collectingDate id="EFB2E99FFFC8FFC8D608DFF6D128FD4D" box="[1142,1294,700,727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" value="2010-07-30">30 July 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C5070FFC8FFC8D762DFF5D1BAFD43" box="[1308,1436,702,729]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="57.73" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" precision="9" value="45.962166">N45°57.73′</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C5070FFC8FFC8D2E9DFA9D50AFD67" box="[151,300,738,765]" degrees="111" direction="west" minutes="01.61" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" precision="9" value="-111.02683">W111°01.61′</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="26BD5361FFC8FFC8D346DFAAD593FD61" box="[312,437,737,763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">JB Runyon</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED59AE72FFC8FFC8D3BADFAAD63EFD61" box="[452,536,737,763]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zm6z-4gpy" name="Montana State Entomology Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="Museum">MTEC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352653CFFC8FFC8D2B9DE4ED1A7FA51" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2B9DE4ED524FB1C" blockId="7.[151,1437,448,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2B9DE4ED51DFC85" bold="true" box="[199,315,773,799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Remarks.</emphasis>
Demasculinized males of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D01EDE4ED69CFC84" box="[608,698,773,798]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D01EDE4ED69CFC84" box="[608,698,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. sanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by having: (1) a wider face that is light yellow to wholly silver (cf.
<figureCitation id="13732A32FFC8FFC8D325DE63D5FEFCD9" box="[347,472,808,835]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–39" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[152,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27–39. Effects of parasitism by parasitylenchid nematodes on males of Tachytrechus sanus Osten Sacken. 27. Head of normal male. 28. Head of infected male. 29. Head of female. 30. Habitus, normal male. 31. Habitus, infected male (holotype of T. boharti Harmston). Note shorter arista (left arrow), darker front coxae and femora (middle arrow), and smaller genitalia (right arrow). 32. Male with abdomen opened to reveal nematodes of Parasitylenchus myiophagus Poinar &amp; Runyon. Note numerous nematodes in abdominal cavity. Arrows indicate two nematodes removed from abdomen. 33. Male antenna, normally developed. 34–39. Antennae of infected males, showing variation caused by nematodes. 34, 35. Antennae of two infected males collected together in Ravalli County, Montana, USA. 36. Antenna of infected male from Gallatin County, Montana, USA. 37. Apex of arista, holotype of T. boharti. 38. Apex of arista, holotype of T. duplicatus Harmston. 39. Apex of arista, holotype of T. mchughi Harmston." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5896403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Figs 27, 28</figureCitation>
), (2) arista shorter with reduced lamella, but arista length and size of lamella is variable (
<figureCitation id="13732A32FFC8FFC8D2E1DE07D507FCFD" box="[159,289,844,871]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–39" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[152,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27–39. Effects of parasitism by parasitylenchid nematodes on males of Tachytrechus sanus Osten Sacken. 27. Head of normal male. 28. Head of infected male. 29. Head of female. 30. Habitus, normal male. 31. Habitus, infected male (holotype of T. boharti Harmston). Note shorter arista (left arrow), darker front coxae and femora (middle arrow), and smaller genitalia (right arrow). 32. Male with abdomen opened to reveal nematodes of Parasitylenchus myiophagus Poinar &amp; Runyon. Note numerous nematodes in abdominal cavity. Arrows indicate two nematodes removed from abdomen. 33. Male antenna, normally developed. 34–39. Antennae of infected males, showing variation caused by nematodes. 34, 35. Antennae of two infected males collected together in Ravalli County, Montana, USA. 36. Antenna of infected male from Gallatin County, Montana, USA. 37. Apex of arista, holotype of T. boharti. 38. Apex of arista, holotype of T. duplicatus Harmston. 39. Apex of arista, holotype of T. mchughi Harmston." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5896403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Figs 33–39</figureCitation>
), (3) legs darker: fore coxa mostly dark, all femora with approximately basal half dark brown, mid and hind tibiae brown on apical third or more (cf.
<figureCitation id="13732A32FFC8FFC8D0F3DE3BD72CFC11" box="[653,778,880,907]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–39" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[152,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27–39. Effects of parasitism by parasitylenchid nematodes on males of Tachytrechus sanus Osten Sacken. 27. Head of normal male. 28. Head of infected male. 29. Head of female. 30. Habitus, normal male. 31. Habitus, infected male (holotype of T. boharti Harmston). Note shorter arista (left arrow), darker front coxae and femora (middle arrow), and smaller genitalia (right arrow). 32. Male with abdomen opened to reveal nematodes of Parasitylenchus myiophagus Poinar &amp; Runyon. Note numerous nematodes in abdominal cavity. Arrows indicate two nematodes removed from abdomen. 33. Male antenna, normally developed. 34–39. Antennae of infected males, showing variation caused by nematodes. 34, 35. Antennae of two infected males collected together in Ravalli County, Montana, USA. 36. Antenna of infected male from Gallatin County, Montana, USA. 37. Apex of arista, holotype of T. boharti. 38. Apex of arista, holotype of T. duplicatus Harmston. 39. Apex of arista, holotype of T. mchughi Harmston." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5896403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Figs 30, 31</figureCitation>
), (4) the posterior row of setae on front tibia reduced in size (noticeably thickened and flattened in normal males) and usually in number (
<quantity id="4CB09B52FFC8FFC8D18ADEDED01AFC34" box="[1012,1084,916,943]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 in</quantity>
infected versus
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normal males), (5) front tarsus lacking silvery pile, and (6) hypopygium unusually small and incompletely rotated (cf.
<figureCitation id="13732A32FFC8FFC8D712DEF3D4C6FC6D" captionStart="FIGURES 27–39" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[152,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27–39. Effects of parasitism by parasitylenchid nematodes on males of Tachytrechus sanus Osten Sacken. 27. Head of normal male. 28. Head of infected male. 29. Head of female. 30. Habitus, normal male. 31. Habitus, infected male (holotype of T. boharti Harmston). Note shorter arista (left arrow), darker front coxae and femora (middle arrow), and smaller genitalia (right arrow). 32. Male with abdomen opened to reveal nematodes of Parasitylenchus myiophagus Poinar &amp; Runyon. Note numerous nematodes in abdominal cavity. Arrows indicate two nematodes removed from abdomen. 33. Male antenna, normally developed. 34–39. Antennae of infected males, showing variation caused by nematodes. 34, 35. Antennae of two infected males collected together in Ravalli County, Montana, USA. 36. Antenna of infected male from Gallatin County, Montana, USA. 37. Apex of arista, holotype of T. boharti. 38. Apex of arista, holotype of T. duplicatus Harmston. 39. Apex of arista, holotype of T. mchughi Harmston." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5896403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Figs 30, 31</figureCitation>
). The darker legs are an interesting example of infected males converging with the female form. Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9D94AD4D2FB80" box="[151,244,1025,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9D94AD4D2FB80" box="[151,244,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. sanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have wholly dark front coxae and mostly dark femora and tibiae, but these are mostly yellow in normal males. The characters above vary considerably across the infected specimens (especially the arista, extent of brown on legs, size and number of setae on front tibia, and size of the genitalia), perhaps related to the extent of nematode infection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF736B7FFC8FFC8D2B9D9DAD1A7FA51" blockId="7.[151,1437,448,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
Harmston described
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D3CED9DAD638FB30" authorityName="Harmston" authorityYear="1968" box="[432,542,1168,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boharti">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D3CED9DAD638FB30" box="[432,542,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. boharti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D01AD9DAD6ECFB30" box="[612,714,1168,1195]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
collected at Yuba Pass,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D1A5D9DBD06BFB30" box="[987,1101,1168,1194]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">California</collectingRegion>
noting that it is distinguished by the spear-shaped arista (
<figureCitation id="13732A32FFC8FFC8D3A9D9FFD609FB55" box="[471,559,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–39" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,181,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[152,1436,181,1669]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27–39. Effects of parasitism by parasitylenchid nematodes on males of Tachytrechus sanus Osten Sacken. 27. Head of normal male. 28. Head of infected male. 29. Head of female. 30. Habitus, normal male. 31. Habitus, infected male (holotype of T. boharti Harmston). Note shorter arista (left arrow), darker front coxae and femora (middle arrow), and smaller genitalia (right arrow). 32. Male with abdomen opened to reveal nematodes of Parasitylenchus myiophagus Poinar &amp; Runyon. Note numerous nematodes in abdominal cavity. Arrows indicate two nematodes removed from abdomen. 33. Male antenna, normally developed. 34–39. Antennae of infected males, showing variation caused by nematodes. 34, 35. Antennae of two infected males collected together in Ravalli County, Montana, USA. 36. Antenna of infected male from Gallatin County, Montana, USA. 37. Apex of arista, holotype of T. boharti. 38. Apex of arista, holotype of T. duplicatus Harmston. 39. Apex of arista, holotype of T. mchughi Harmston." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5896403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D038D9FFD77FFB54" box="[582,857,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D038D9FFD77FFB54" box="[582,857,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Tachytrechus duplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D62FD9FED09CFB54" box="[1105,1210,1204,1231]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
collected at Baker,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D2E9D992D4CDFB69" box="[151,235,1241,1267]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Oregon</collectingRegion>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D35AD992D586FB68" box="[292,416,1240,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mchughi">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D35AD992D586FB68" box="[292,416,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. mchughi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<specimenCount id="9D4EFD3EFFC8FFC8D399D992D67CFB68" box="[487,602,1240,1267]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
collected at Latourell Falls,
<collectingRegion id="498CF855FFC8FFC8D1DED992D7DEFB69" box="[928,1016,1241,1267]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Oregon</collectingRegion>
. A close resemblance of both species to
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2CDD9B6D506FA8C" authorityName="Harmston" authorityYear="1968" box="[179,288,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boharti">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2CDD9B6D506FA8C" box="[179,288,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. boharti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was noted. Although the presence of nematode(s) within the
<typeStatus id="54F38815FFC8FFC8D1B4D9B7D011FA8C" box="[970,1079,1276,1302]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D622D9B6D0EFFA8C" authorityName="Harmston" authorityYear="1968" box="[1116,1225,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boharti">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D622D9B6D0EFFA8C" box="[1116,1225,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. boharti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D6A9D9B6D141FA8C" box="[1239,1383,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D6A9D9B6D141FA8C" box="[1239,1383,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. duplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2E9D86AD535FAA0" box="[151,275,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mchughi">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2E9D86AD535FAA0" box="[151,275,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. mchughi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been confirmed, synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D08FD86AD76AFAA0" box="[753,844,1313,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D08FD86AD76AFAA0" box="[753,844,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. sanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is proposed based on: (1) demasculinized specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D2C8D80ED534FAC4" box="[182,274,1349,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D2C8D80ED534FAC4" box="[182,274,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. sanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
match the descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D042D80ED68CFAC4" authorityName="Harmston" authorityYear="1968" box="[572,682,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boharti">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D042D80ED68CFAC4" box="[572,682,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. boharti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D0C7D80ED76CFAC4" box="[697,842,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D0C7D80ED76CFAC4" box="[697,842,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. duplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D1F6D80ED022FAC4" box="[904,1028,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mchughi">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D1F6D80ED022FAC4" box="[904,1028,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. mchughi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D66AD80ED0E1FAC4" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[1044,1223,1348,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="13 - 27" refId="ref6727" refString="Harmston, F. C. (1968) New Dolichopodidae from Canada, Mexico, and the western United States. Entomological News, 79, 13 - 27." type="journal article" year="1968">Harmston 1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B46FFC8FFC8D6ACD80ED128FAC5" author="Harmston, F. C." box="[1234,1294,1349,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref6758" refString="Harmston, F. C. (1972) New Dolichopodidae from California and Oregon (Diptera). Entomological News, 83, 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
), and (2) the
<typeStatus id="54F38815FFC8FFC8D2E9D823D522FA18" box="[151,260,1384,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
each show signs of nematode-caused demasculinization that fall within the spectrum of variation caused by nematode-induced demasculinization of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D0F2D8C6D6CDFA3C" box="[652,747,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D0F2D8C6D6CDFA3C" box="[652,747,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. sanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above). Normal males of
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D62AD8C6D094FA3C" box="[1108,1202,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D62AD8C6D094FA3C" box="[1108,1202,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. sanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected with demasculinized specimens at most sites, including four normal specimens with the
<taxonomicName id="4C484D34FFC8FFC8D645D8FAD08EFA50" authorityName="Harmston" authorityYear="1968" box="[1083,1192,1456,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boharti">
<emphasis id="B93CEAA5FFC8FFC8D645D8FAD08EFA50" box="[1083,1192,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">T. boharti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54F38815FFC8FFC8D6CED8FBD134FA50" box="[1200,1298,1456,1482]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(UCDC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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