804 lines
94 KiB
XML
804 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document id="5578ED30D551DFF930F0455B436EA268" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189513" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e8a2fb4b-f3d4-4a46-abdc-6e3f501e1802" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189513" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461102639785" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Koch, André, Arida, Evy, Mcguire, Jimmy A., Iskandar, Djoko T. & Böhme, Wolfgang" docDate="2009" docId="03A4470DD106056AFF7CFAC0FC1BBEF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02196p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2196" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Calamaria banggaiensis Koch, Arida, Mcguire, Iskandar & Böhme, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF9D3F75D1040562FFEBFFD1FFF3B81A" masterDocTitle="A new species of Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae) similar to C. ceramensis de Rooij, 1913, from the Banggai Islands, east of Sulawesi, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698591932907" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="7EFF3B405838C23B2A4208B360D7EF0F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="280AF60D4DF91CB42BFDF2908E4EA4BA">
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<mods:title id="214F0061F5777DCC16C25081754424F3">A new species of Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae) similar to C. ceramensis de Rooij, 1913, from the Banggai Islands, east of Sulawesi, Indonesia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="30CF605FE0D7E31699CBEF11C8875F54" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3E3D4660FF59E97652C011EDE12F169B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4431EECAA838724D59DB7E774A396ED3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3EDE3B6B8840F5D3138A99613E360DE4">Koch, André</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FC344ADD111CCF1D403065FA6BA63017" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8486C6DF2E902A7809BE8C418DD3F265">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE3F1CD09319E30E3E3868F28947BC9F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="922A5595E2B88905FD6D911BC43C25C5">Arida, Evy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6157CCA75FCEFD96DF6D20F464A2E51B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="90B5981683548EB4007DA3FBF68662D3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="29CE0DB316E840536EAC629CBF08434F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D35473B3FC59FD6D2C3067E3A929D867">Mcguire, Jimmy A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8F65957ECBC2BF3E59399FF74B19BC2C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="40B0A77ED65D55651EE7066AFBD1F906">
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<mods:roleTerm id="22E69F17E9925DE8A47EF99052210B3C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C622E62A62F42838AF1D6E77AF83B842">Iskandar, Djoko T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A82E1BC2C32FB2BB8B7DEF21AA4C3045" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="39D665D0F319AE88888E0328441D2EEC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F9AAB212DB65793B98F0E0EBDAA7D839">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="50E52693C4B24928A8960BDDAA1FDF00">Böhme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0A50EC5A32E75C4ED323D2AF89FB1A65">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8AFF379228C7218CCE82214C957822E6">
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<mods:title id="50634E5EFF09070B3695BC2740B9FF16">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F8619391BA917E86BBD81C026C39A360">
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<mods:date id="5FE4F83D24D21465AF8CFBF36667D4FF">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="163715B930EE2122C743B2588C9622FD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A8C3867132B88D26684098380991A654">2196</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="1D1B9EFB85E3B3EE5CDEA7A3404D86AF" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="FE93564DC78E154841CCEBF2AE89EBAE">19</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1FBB6645119FE77D281AFD3BF4806AAE">30</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="1374EFCC5CC249ABC069E67F78013176">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6C8238554ADFC9C5E2D18444CA862647" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189513</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="05CF6878216A2DD36E319FA79329F63A" type="GBIF-Dataset">e8a2fb4b-f3d4-4a46-abdc-6e3f501e1802</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F0B78DECA7E5F484490AC82B3E8D92E7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A1A852CF465CD2DC52134BF201AF0B6" type="Zenodo-Dep">189513</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A4470DD106056AFF7CFAC0FC1BBEF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6224092" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6224092" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4470DD106056AFF7CFAC0FC1BBEF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4470DD106056AFF7CFAC0FC1BBEF9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="C317A590D1060560FF7CFAC0FE83BD54" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1060560FF7CFAC0FDD2BD31" blockId="2.[151,545,1297,1358]" box="[151,545,1297,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="D0FA4177D1060560FF7CFAC0FDD2BD31" bold="true" box="[151,545,1297,1323]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1060560FF7CFAC0FDD2BD31" bold="true" box="[151,545,1297,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1060560FF7CFAC0FE4EBD31" box="[151,445,1297,1323]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1060560FF7CFAC0FE4EBD31" bold="true" box="[151,445,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A9772D1060560FE2FFAC0FDD2BD31" box="[452,545,1297,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1060560FF7CFAE5FE83BD54" blockId="2.[151,545,1297,1358]" box="[151,368,1332,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED1060560FF7CFAE5FF1ABD54" box="[151,233,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,814,838]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,197,788]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[313,1273,197,790]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov. in life showing the characteristic dorsal pattern. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189515/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED1060560FF1EFAE5FEF5BD54" box="[245,262,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,969,993]" captionTargetBox="[151,1407,231,944]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,128,945]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the holotype of Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov. (MZB Oph. 3230). Note the absence of a dark median stripe on the ventral surface of the tail. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189517/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED1060560FEF8FAE5FED7BD54" box="[275,292,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,259,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,222,935]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1401,197,957]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scalation details of the head of the holotype of Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov., dorsolateral view. Drawing by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189519/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">6</figureCitation>
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, and 8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317A590D1060560FF7CFA50FD27BEB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1060560FF7CFA50FEC6BE15" blockId="2.[151,1437,1409,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1060560FF7CFA50FEF8BD81" bold="true" box="[151,267,1409,1435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1060560FF7CFA50FEF8BD81" box="[151,267,1409,1435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED1C6EDED1060560FEF0FA50FEAFBD81" box="[283,348,1409,1435]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">MZB</collectionCode>
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Oph[idia]. 3230 (Field number AK0182), a female, collected by A. Koch and E. Arida at approximately
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<quantity id="4CF55BFED1060560FEB8FA79FE70BDD8" box="[339,387,1448,1474]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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elevation, southeast of Desa (= village) Banggai (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3990DCD1060560FC11FA79FB77BDD8" box="[1018,1156,1448,1474]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="-1.6230556">1°37’23’’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3990DCD1060560FB78FA79FACDBDD8" box="[1171,1342,1448,1474]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="123.53778">123°32’16’’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F31AB68BD1060560FABDFA79FA6FBDD8" box="[1366,1436,1448,1474]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Pulau</collectingCountry>
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Banggai, Kepulauan Banggai, east of Central Sulawesi (Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah),
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<collectingCountry id="F31AB68BD1060560FB93FA1FFB19BDF2" box="[1144,1258,1486,1512]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED1060560FB10FA1FFACCBDF2" box="[1275,1343,1486,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,204,1058]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,197,1062]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Sulawesi region and the Moluccas. Banggai Island, the type locality of Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov., located east off Peleng is indicated by an asterisk. Question marks denote islands from which Calamaria have not been reported, between the disjunct distribution ranges of C. banggaiensis sp. nov. and C. ceramensis in the Moluccas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189514/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), on
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<date id="FFB3D0DBD1060560FA94FA1FFEC2BE15" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" value="2005-08-28">28 August 2005</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1060560FF2EF9CAFD27BEB0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1409,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1060560FF2EF9CAFEC4BE2F" bold="true" box="[197,311,1563,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1060560FF2EF9CAFEC4BE2F" box="[197,311,1563,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED1C6EDED1060560FEAEF9CDFE76BE2C" box="[325,389,1564,1590]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">MZB</collectionCode>
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Oph[idia]. 3755 (Field number JAM8759) a male with everted hemipenes, collected by J. A. McGuire and D. T. Iskandar at
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<quantity id="4CF55BFED1060560FDDBF993FDADBE46" box="[560,606,1602,1628]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
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above sea level, Kabupaten Bangkep (01°36’896’’S, 123°16’626’’E),
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<collectingCountry id="F31AB68BD1060560FF7CF9B8FF29BE99" box="[151,218,1641,1667]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Pulau</collectingCountry>
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Peleng, Kepulauan Banggai, east of Central Sulawesi (Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah),
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<collectingCountry id="F31AB68BD1060560FB54F9B8FAC1BE99" box="[1215,1330,1641,1667]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED1060560FAAFF9B8FA7ABE99" box="[1348,1417,1641,1667]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,204,1058]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,197,1062]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Sulawesi region and the Moluccas. Banggai Island, the type locality of Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov., located east off Peleng is indicated by an asterisk. Question marks denote islands from which Calamaria have not been reported, between the disjunct distribution ranges of C. banggaiensis sp. nov. and C. ceramensis in the Moluccas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189514/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), on
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<date id="FFB3D0DBD1060560FF57F941FE50BEB0" box="[188,419,1680,1706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" value="2007-09-16">16 September 2007</date>
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; body mass (in life) 3.0 g.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317A590D1060560FF2DF967FCD8BFC5" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1060560FF2DF967FCD8BFC5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1409,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1060560FF2DF967FEB5BECA" bold="true" box="[198,326,1718,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A new species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1060560FDCAF966FD53BECA" box="[545,672,1719,1744]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1060560FDCAF966FD53BECA" box="[545,672,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Calamaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that is distinguished from all other members of the genus by the following combination of characters (see below for specific comparisons): Preocular scales absent. Five supralabials (third and fourth contacting orbit) and five infralabials with the first pair meeting behind the mental so that the mental is separated from the anterior chin shields. Paraparietal surrounded by five scales and shields. Modified maxillary teeth. Smooth dorsal scales in 13 rows around the body. High number of ventral scales (157–198), a single anal plate, and 20–25 divided subcaudals. The dorsal colour pattern consists of pale brown with darker spots, a pale collar, and a lateral light and dark zigzag pattern along the body. A dark median streak on the underside of the tail is absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF72A693D1070561FF7CFCFFFED2BB73" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189515/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[313,1273,197,788]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1070561FF7CFCFFFED2BB73" blockId="3.[151,1436,814,873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1070561FF7CFCFFFEEEBB5C" bold="true" box="[151,285,814,838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1070561FE44FCFEFD4EBB5C" box="[431,701,815,838]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1070561FE44FCFEFD4EBB5C" box="[431,701,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1070561FD2EFCFFFCEEBB5C" bold="true" box="[709,797,814,838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A9772D1070561FD2EFCFFFCEEBB5C" box="[709,797,814,838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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in life showing the characteristic dorsal pattern. Photo by André Koch.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF72A693D1070561FF7CF8A5FE7BBFB4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189516/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[194,1376,938,1868]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1070561FF7CF8A5FE7BBFB4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1908,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1070561FF7CF8A5FEEEBF96" bold="true" box="[151,285,1908,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Dorsal view of syntypes (ZMA 10083) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1070561FD12F8A4FC66BF96" box="[761,917,1909,1932]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1070561FD12F8A4FC66BF96" box="[761,917,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C. ceramensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Rooij, 1913, from Seram Island, Moluccas. Photo by André Koch.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF72A693D1000566FF7CFC18FC46BC19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189517/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[151,1407,231,944]" targetPageId="4">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1000566FF7CFC18FC46BC19" blockId="4.[151,1436,969,1027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1000566FF7CFC18FEEABBFB" bold="true" box="[151,281,969,993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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Ventral view of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1000566FD9CFC1BFC8CBBFB" box="[631,895,970,993]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9792A09D1000566FD9CFC1BFC8CBBFB" box="[631,895,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1000566FC6DFC18FC2FBBFB" bold="true" box="[902,988,969,993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A9772D1000566FC6DFC18FC2FBBFB" box="[902,988,969,993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MZB Oph. 3230). Note the absence of a dark median stripe on the ventral surface of the tail. Photo by André Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF72A693D1000566FF7CF9B7FD6CBEBA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189518/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[354,1228,1103,1598]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1000566FF7CF9B7FD6CBEBA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1638,1696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1000566FF7CF9B7FEEFBE64" bold="true" box="[151,284,1638,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of syntype ZMA10083a of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1000566FD0AF9B7FC2BBE67" box="[737,984,1638,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1000566FD0AF9B7FC2BBE67" box="[737,984,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Calamaria ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrating the dark median stripe on the ventral surface of the tail. Photo by André Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317A590D1000565FF2DF921FA63BAEC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1000566FF2DF921FE23BFE9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1776,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1000566FF2DF921FC75BF10" bold="true" box="[198,902,1776,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1000566FE64F921FE09BF10" box="[399,506,1776,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and morphological variation.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Features of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1000566FB88F920FB3ABF11" box="[1123,1225,1777,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are followed in parentheses by data from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1000566FDE6F8C9FD8ABF28" box="[525,633,1816,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
if different. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1000566FCBDF8C9FC37BF28" box="[854,964,1816,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is most probably a female due to the relatively small number of subcaudals and low tail length (as compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1000566FB87F8EFFAECBF4D" box="[1132,1311,1854,1879]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1000566FB87F8EFFAECBF4D" box="[1132,1311,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">C. ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Habitus vermiform. The head is blunt, not distinct from body. Snout-vent length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED1000566FC08F8B4FBB7BF65" box="[995,1092,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="189.0">189 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED1000566FBB8F8B4FB49BF65" box="[1107,1210,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="199.0">199 mm</quantity>
|
||
), tail length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED1000566FAA1F8B4FA6FBF65" box="[1354,1436,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED1000566FF4BF85AFF0FBFBF" box="[160,252,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Ratio of tail length to total length 0.060 (0.103). The tail is short (moderately long in the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1000566FF7CF863FEF0BFD6" box="[151,259,1970,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), thick and slightly tapering to a point (tapered only at the end in male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1000566FBB5F863FB38BFD6" box="[1118,1227,1970,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Seven modified maxillary teeth are visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF72A693D1010567FF7CFC07FE54BC0A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189519/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[217,1376,222,935]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1010567FF7CFC07FE54BC0A" blockId="5.[151,1437,982,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1010567FF7CFC07FED3BBF4" bold="true" box="[151,288,982,1006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Scalation details of the head of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1010567FCA3FC07FBACBBF7" box="[840,1119,982,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1010567FCA3FC07FBACBBF7" box="[840,1119,982,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A9772D1010567FB8CFC07FB31BBF4" box="[1127,1218,982,1006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1010567FB8CFC07FB31BBF4" bold="true" box="[1127,1218,982,1006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, dorsolateral view. Drawing by André Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF72A693D1010567FF7CF81AFA8DBFF9" box="[151,1406,1995,2019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[195,1372,1165,1925]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1010567FF7CF81AFA8DBFF9" blockId="5.[151,1406,1995,2019]" box="[151,1406,1995,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1010567FF7CF81AFEEABFF9" bold="true" box="[151,281,1995,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head of the syntype (ZMA 10083b) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1010567FC65F81DFB73BFF9" box="[910,1152,1996,2019]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1010567FC65F81DFB73BFF9" box="[910,1152,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Calamaria ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photo by André Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF72A693D1020564FF7CFD7FFADCBADC" box="[151,1327,686,710]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189521/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[348,1231,277,662]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1020564FF7CFD7FFADCBADC" blockId="6.[151,1327,686,710]" box="[151,1327,686,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1020564FF7CFD7FFEEBBADC" bold="true" box="[151,280,686,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the head of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1020564FD01FD7EFC02BADC" box="[746,1009,687,710]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1020564FD01FD7EFC02BADC" box="[746,1009,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1020564FC1CFD7FFBBEBADC" bold="true" box="[1015,1101,686,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A9772D1020564FC1CFD7FFBBEBADC" box="[1015,1101,686,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Photo by Evy Arida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF72A693D1020564FF7CFA2AFA8BBE08" box="[151,1400,1531,1555]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189522/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[182,1365,802,1454]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1020564FF7CFA2AFA8BBE08" blockId="6.[151,1400,1531,1555]" box="[151,1400,1531,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1020564FF7CFA2AFEEABE09" bold="true" box="[151,281,1531,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the head of the syntype (ZMA 10083a) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1020564FC63FA2AFB88BE08" box="[904,1147,1531,1554]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1020564FC63FA2AFB88BE08" box="[904,1147,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Calamaria ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photo by André Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1020565FF2DF995FEB6B8C2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1604,2017]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Portion of rostral scale visible from above; prefrontal shorter than frontal, touching first three supralabials; 13 dorsal rows of smooth scales; five supralabials, third and fourth entering orbit, fifth largest, second larger than first, third equal to first and fourth equal to second; frontal hexagonal, anterior portion compressed toward posterior and just longer than prefrontals, frontal about 2.5 times maximum width of supraocular; supraocular about equal to eye size; preocular absent; one postocular, taller than wide, as tall as eye diameter; eye diameter slightly larger than eye-mouth distance; loreal and supranasal absent; prefrontal shorter than frontal, touching the first, second, and third supralabials; nasal smaller than postocular; five infralabials, the first pair meet behind the mental preventing contact between mental and anterior chin shields; mental triangular; second pair of chin shields shorter than first, meeting in midline; paraparietals surrounded by five shields and scales; parietal about 1.8 times length of prefrontal; three gulars in midline between posterior chin shields and first ventral; first ventrals irregularly single or double, 198 (157) in total, strongly overlapping; anal plate single, broadened, with a small dark dot in the middle; 20 (25) divided subcaudals plus terminal spine.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1030565FF2DFF34FC6BBA14" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Colour in life: Body dorsally greyish-brown with irregularly scattered small dark spots all along the body and tail (ground colour darker in male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1030565FD8CFEDDFD20B93C" box="[615,723,268,294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
); head dark brown above with a weak pale, V-shaped collar bordered posteriorly by a dark brown band on the neck (collar not bordered by dark band in male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1030565FACEFEE3FA63B956" box="[1317,1424,306,332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
); parietals and paraparietals brown with pale markings; dark pigments covering upper one-third of supralabials and sutures between the shields, remainder of supralabials whitish; underside of head whitish with brown spots on the first three infralabials and the anterior chin shields; ventral side immaculate whitish-cream; laterally the pale ventral colouration reaches to the fourth dorsal scale in a zigzag pattern on the first half of the body; tail whitish-cream below, without a dark median streak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1030565FF2DFDCBFA63BAEC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Hemipenes: The hemipenes are everted in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1030565FD02FDCBFCA2BA2E" box="[745,849,538,564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, although they may be incompletely inflated. The hemipenes are simple relative to those of most snakes in that they are small (reaching only the fourth subcaudal), unicapitate with the sulcus spermaticus divided only near the terminus, and without elaborate ornamentation. Distally, each hemipenis has a pair of slightly enlarged lobes. Neither the lobes, nor the body of the organ has spines, although the basal two-thirds of each hemipenis is weakly plicate. There is a terminal knob-like projection between the termini of the sulcus spermaticus that might be capable of further eversion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317A590D103056AFF2EFCD3FEEBBC48" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1030565FF2EFCD3FD32BB70" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FF2EFCD3FEA5BB06" bold="true" box="[197,342,770,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FDB0FCD3FD0FBB01" box="[603,764,770,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FDB0FCD3FD0FBB01" box="[603,764,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D1030565FC4BFCD3FC27BB06" box="[928,980,770,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the Banggai Islands, east of Central Sulawesi. As vernacular names we suggest Banggai reed snake (English), Banggai Zwergschlange (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31AB68BD1030565FF74FC81FEF7BB70" box="[159,260,848,874]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and Calamaire de Banggai (French).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD1030565FF2EFCA7FB90BDCE" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FF2EFCA7FE86BB8A" bold="true" box="[197,373,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
The absence of a preocular scale is an important character that distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FAF0FCA6FEC5BBAC" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FAF0FCA6FEC5BBAC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the following 43 species in the genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FCBEFC4CFB12BBAD" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" box="[853,1249,925,951]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abstrusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FCBEFC4CFC12BBAC" box="[853,993,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. abstrusa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FC01FC4CFB12BBAD" author="Inger" box="[1002,1249,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FB05FC4CFEA8BBC4" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FB05FC4CFA6FBBAC" box="[1262,1436,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. acutirostris</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FE8CFC15FD6DBBC4" authority="Gray, 1834" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1834" box="[359,670,964,990]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FE8CFC15FE0CBBC7" box="[359,511,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. albiventer</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, 1834)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FD42FC15FBC7BBC4" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" box="[681,1076,964,990]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="battersbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FD42FC15FCB3BBC7" box="[681,832,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. battersbyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FCACFC15FBC7BBC4" author="Inger" box="[839,1076,964,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FBABFC15FEB7BC1E" authority="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FBABFC15FB44BBC7" box="[1088,1207,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FEBBFC3BFD89BC1E" authority="Peters, 1872" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1872" box="[336,634,1002,1028]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitorques">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FEBBFC3BFE13BC19" box="[336,480,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. bitorques</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1872
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FD6DFC3BFBE8BC1E" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" box="[646,1051,1002,1028]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boesemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FD6DFC3BFCD6BC19" box="[646,805,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. boesemani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FCC6FC3BFBE8BC1E" author="Inger" box="[813,1051,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FBCCFC3BFA86BC1E" authority="Bleeker, 1860" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1860" box="[1063,1397,1002,1028]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FBCCFC3BFB3BBC19" box="[1063,1224,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. borneensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bleeker, 1860
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FA6AFC3BFDDCBC31" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FA6AFC3BFEC3BC30" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. brongersmai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FED3FBC0FDDCBC31" author="Inger" box="[312,559,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FDD7FBC0FC51BC31" authority="Marx & Inger, 1955" authorityName="Marx & Inger" authorityYear="1955" box="[572,930,1041,1067]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FDD7FBC0FD50BC30" box="[572,675,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. buchi</emphasis>
|
||
Marx & Inger, 1955
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FC44FBC0FB98BC31" authority="Lidth" authorityName="Lidth" box="[943,1131,1041,1067]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FC44FBC0FBD1BC30" box="[943,1058,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
Lidth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Jeude, 1922,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FAD2FBC0FEADBC48" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FAD2FBC0FA6EBC30" box="[1337,1437,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. curta</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FE80FBE9FD5EBC48" authority="Gough, 1902" authorityName="Gough" authorityYear="1902" box="[363,685,1080,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doderleini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FE80FBE9FDF4BC4B" box="[363,519,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. döderleini</emphasis>
|
||
Gough, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FD52FBE9FBEDBC48" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" box="[697,1054,1080,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eiselti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FD52FBE9FCD7BC4B" box="[697,804,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. eiselti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FCC0FBE9FBEDBC48" author="Inger" box="[811,1054,1080,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FBC0FBE9FA87BC48" authority="Boulenger, 1893" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[1067,1396,1080,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everetti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FBC0FBE9FB56BC4B" box="[1067,1189,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. everetti</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1893
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FA6AFBE9FE02BC62" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forcarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FA6AFBE9FF01BC62" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. forcarti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FF11FB8FFE02BC62" author="Inger" box="[250,497,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FE15FB8EFC4BBC62" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1854" box="[510,952,1118,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gervaisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FE15FB8EFD70BC62" box="[510,643,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. gervaisi</emphasis>
|
||
Duméril & Bibron, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FC2EFB8EFF27BC85" authority="Ziegler, Sang & Truong, 2008" authorityName="Ziegler, Sang & Truong" authorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gialaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FC2EFB8EFB98BC62" box="[965,1131,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. gialaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FB9FFB8FFF27BC85" author="Ziegler" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Ziegler, T., Sang, N. V. & Truong, N. Q. (2008) A new Reed Snake of the Genus Calamaria Boie (Squamata: Colubridae) from Vietnam. Current Herpetology, 27, 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="2008">Ziegler, Sang & Truong, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FF0BFB54FDC3BC85" authority="Fischer, 1885" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1885" box="[224,560,1157,1183]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grabowskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FF0BFB54FE7ABC84" box="[224,393,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. grabowskyi</emphasis>
|
||
Fischer, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FDD7FB54FC6BBC85" authority="Loveridge, 1938" authorityName="Loveridge" authorityYear="1938" box="[572,920,1157,1183]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griswoldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FDD7FB54FD3DBC84" box="[572,718,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. griswoldi</emphasis>
|
||
Loveridge, 1938
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FC4FFB54FADBBC85" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" box="[932,1320,1157,1183]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hilleniusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FC4FFB54FBC0BC84" box="[932,1075,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. hilleniusi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FBD1FB54FADBBC85" author="Inger" box="[1082,1320,1157,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FADFFB54FDD8BCDC" authority="Grismer, Kaiser & Yaakob, 2004" authorityName="Grismer, Kaiser & Yaakob" authorityYear="2004" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FADFFB54FA6FBC84" box="[1332,1436,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. ingeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FF7CFB7DFDD8BCDC" author="Grismer" box="[151,555,1196,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Grismer, L. L., Kaiser, H. & Yaakob, N. S. (2004) A new species of reed snake of the genus Calamaria H. Boie, 1827, from Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia. Hamadryad, 28, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2004">Grismer, Kaiser & Yaakob, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FDD3FB7DFC9DBCDC" authority="Taylor, 1922" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1922" box="[568,878,1196,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="joloensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FDD3FB7DFD3BBCDF" box="[568,712,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. joloensis</emphasis>
|
||
Taylor, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FC97FB7DFB2ABCDC" authority="Mocquard, 1890" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1890" box="[892,1241,1196,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FC97FB7DFBF5BCDF" box="[892,1030,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. lateralis</emphasis>
|
||
Mocquard, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FB0CFB7DFA84BCDF" box="[1255,1399,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lautensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FB0CFB7DFA84BCDF" box="[1255,1399,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. lautensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Rooij, 1917,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FED9FB02FD7CBCF6" authority="Bleeker, 1860" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1860" box="[306,655,1234,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FED9FB02FE2DBCF6" box="[306,478,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. leucogaster</emphasis>
|
||
Bleeker, 1860
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FD70FB02FC6EBCF6" authority="Boie, 1827" authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[667,925,1234,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linnaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FD70FB02FCE3BCF6" box="[667,784,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. linnaei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FCF3FB03FC6EBCF6" author="Boie" box="[792,925,1234,1260]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Boie, F. (1827) Bemerkungen uber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. 1820. Marburg. Erste Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 20 (10), 508 - 566." type="journal article" year="1827">Boie, 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FC42FB02FB05BCF6" authority="Boie, 1827" authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[937,1270,1234,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumbricoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FC42FB02FB9ABCF6" box="[937,1129,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. lumbricoidea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FB9AFB03FB05BCF6" author="Boie" box="[1137,1270,1234,1260]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Boie, F. (1827) Bemerkungen uber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. 1820. Marburg. Erste Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 20 (10), 508 - 566." type="journal article" year="1827">Boie, 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FAE8FB02FE90BD09" authority="Andersson, 1923" authorityName="Andersson" authorityYear="1923" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lumholtzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FAE8FB02FA6FBCF6" box="[1283,1436,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. lumholtzii</emphasis>
|
||
Andersson, 1923
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FE9BFB28FCF1BD09" authority="Bleeker, 1860" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1860" box="[368,770,1273,1299]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FE9BFB28FDA2BD08" box="[368,593,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. margaritophora</emphasis>
|
||
Bleeker, 1860
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FCE5FB28FBEEBD09" authority="Jan, 1862" authorityName="Jan" authorityYear="1862" box="[782,1053,1273,1299]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FCE5FB28FC53BD08" box="[782,928,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. melanota</emphasis>
|
||
Jan, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FBC1FB28FF25BD20" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FBC1FB28FB43BD08" box="[1066,1200,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. modesta</emphasis>
|
||
Duméril & Bibron, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FF08FAF1FDCDBD20" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[227,574,1312,1338]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FF08FAF1FE98BD23" box="[227,363,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FDA0FAF1FC54BD20" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[587,935,1312,1338]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nuchalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FDA0FAF1FD26BD23" box="[587,725,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. nuchalis</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FC5FFAF1FA87BD20" authority="Inger & Marx, 1965" authorityName="Inger & Marx" authorityYear="1965" box="[948,1396,1312,1338]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palavanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FC5FFAF1FB87BD23" box="[948,1140,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. palavanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FB96FAF1FA87BD20" author="Inger" box="[1149,1396,1312,1338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FA6AFAF1FD98BD7A" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pavimentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FA6AFAF1FEDDBD7A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. pavimentata</emphasis>
|
||
Duméril & Bibron, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FD93FA96FCB7BD7A" authority="Lidth" authorityName="Lidth" box="[632,836,1350,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prakkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FD93FA96FD0ABD7A" box="[632,761,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. prakkei</emphasis>
|
||
Lidth
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Jeude, 1893,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FBFDFA96FEB4BD9D" authority="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FBFDFA96FB5ABD7A" box="[1046,1193,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. schlegeli</emphasis>
|
||
Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FEBFFABCFD0BBD9D" authority="Boulenger, 1890" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[340,760,1389,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FEBFFABCFDD4BD9C" box="[340,551,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FCEFFABCFBC5BD9D" authority="Taylor, 1922" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1922" box="[772,1078,1389,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suluensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FCEFFABCFC66BD9C" box="[772,917,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. suluensis</emphasis>
|
||
Taylor, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FBA8FABCFA64BD9D" authority="Edeling, 1870" authorityName="Edeling" authorityYear="1870" box="[1091,1431,1389,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FBA8FABCFB15BD9C" box="[1091,1254,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. sumatrana</emphasis>
|
||
Edeling, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FF23FA45FE13BDB4" authority="Sackett, 1940" authorityName="Sackett" authorityYear="1940" box="[200,480,1428,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FF23FA45FEC4BDB7" box="[200,311,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. ulmeri</emphasis>
|
||
Sackett, 1940
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FDF5FA45FCC6BDB4" authority="Boie, 1827" authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[542,821,1428,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virgulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FDF5FA45FD59BDB7" box="[542,682,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. virgulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FD59FA45FCC6BDB4" author="Boie" box="[690,821,1428,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Boie, F. (1827) Bemerkungen uber Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. 1820. Marburg. Erste Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 20 (10), 508 - 566." type="journal article" year="1827">Boie, 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Below we individually compare and distinguish the remaining species that share the absence of a preocular scale with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FC4BFA6AFBAFBDCE" box="[928,1116,1467,1492]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FC4BFA6AFBAFBDCE" box="[928,1116,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD103056AFF2DFA30FB73B8C2" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,1763]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
|
||
From the following non-Sulawesian or Moluccan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FCB1FA30FC2ABDE0" box="[858,985,1505,1530]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FCB1FA30FC2ABDE0" box="[858,985,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that lack a preocular,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FA6AFA30FEC6BE3B" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FA6AFA30FEC6BE3B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FE3DF9D9FCAFBE38" authority="Marx & Inger, 1955" authorityName="Marx & Inger" authorityYear="1955" box="[470,860,1544,1570]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FE3DF9D9FDACBE3B" box="[470,607,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
Marx & Inger, 1955
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having modified (vs. unmodified) maxillary teeth, five (vs. six) scales and shields around the paraparietal, and five (vs. four) supralabials. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FA6BF9FEFE3BBE75" authority="Boulenger, 1891" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FA6BF9FEFF0FBE74" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. javanica</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it differs in having the paraparietal surrounded by five scales (vs. six), having five (vs. four) supralabials, third and fourth (vs. second and third) entering the orbit. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FAABF9ADFEAFBEA6" authority="Boulenger, 1887" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FAABF9ADFA6FBE8F" box="[1344,1436,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. lovii</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FE70F972FD0FBEA6" authority="Gunther, 1872" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1872" box="[411,764,1698,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracillima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FE70F972FDCBBEA6" box="[411,568,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. gracillima</emphasis>
|
||
(Günther, 1872)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that these species have either the second and third (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FA6AF972FF22BEF8" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FA6AF972FF22BEF8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. lovii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FEFAF918FE4DBEF8" box="[273,446,1737,1762]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracillima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FEFAF918FE4DBEF8" box="[273,446,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. gracillima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or only the third (only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FCCBF918FC73BEF8" box="[800,896,1737,1762]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lovii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FCCBF918FC73BEF8" box="[800,896,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. lovii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) supralabial entering the eye, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FA6BF918FEC1BF13" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FA6BF918FEC1BF13" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the third and fourth supralabials in contact with the orbit. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FBB6F921FA6BBF10" authority="Boulenger, 1920" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1920" box="[1117,1432,1776,1802]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alidae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FBB6F921FB3ABF13" box="[1117,1225,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. alidae</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FF7CF8C6FEA4BF2A" box="[151,343,1815,1840]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FF7CF8C6FEA4BF2A" box="[151,343,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having the paraparietal surrounded by five (vs. six) scales, and having seven (vs. nine to ten) modified maxillary teeth. In addition to the substantial geographical distance from Sumatra, the new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FE54F8B5FD0FBF64" authority="Schenkel, 1901" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1901" box="[447,764,1892,1918]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mecheli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FE54F8B5FDCEBF67" box="[447,573,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. mecheli</emphasis>
|
||
Schenkel, 1901
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having a substantially different colour pattern lacking a dark vertebral stripe (as depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FDB4F85BFCBFBFBE" author="Inger" box="[607,844,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology, 49, 1 - 304." type="journal article" year="1965">Inger & Marx 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234), fewer ventral scales in males (157 vs. 174) and higher ratios of tail to total length in both sexes (0.103 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED1030565FC90F860FC28BFD1" box="[891,987,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9464" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="0.116">0.116 in</quantity>
|
||
males and 0.060 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED1030565FB38F860FA6FBFD1" box="[1235,1436,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2065" metricValueMax="1.2446" metricValueMin="1.1684" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="0.0475" valueMax="0.049" valueMin="0.046">0.046 to 0.049 in</quantity>
|
||
females, respectively). From the recently described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FD15F809FBAEBFE8" authority="Ziegler & Le, 2005" authorityName="Ziegler & Le" authorityYear="2005" box="[766,1117,2008,2034]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thanhi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FD15F809FC9FBFEB" box="[766,876,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. thanhi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD1030565FC9FF809FBAEBFE8" author="Ziegler" box="[884,1117,2008,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Ziegler, T. & Le, K. Q. (2005) A new species of reed snake, Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae), from the Central Truong Son (Annamite mountain range), Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1042, 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="2005">Ziegler & Le, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D1030565FB81F809FADABFEB" box="[1130,1321,2008,2033]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D1030565FB81F809FADABFEB" box="[1130,1321,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a light brown (vs. black in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFDC2FF49FD64B8AB" box="[553,663,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thanhi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFDC2FF49FD64B8AB" box="[553,663,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. thanhi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) background colour, five (vs. four) supralabials, and the third and fourth (vs. second and third in the Vietnamese species) supralabial touching the orbit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD10C056AFF2DFF34FEEBBC48" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFEB9FF34FE22B8E4" box="[338,465,229,254]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFEB9FF34FE22B8E4" box="[338,465,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species lacking preocular scales,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFCB4FF34FBEEB8E4" box="[863,1053,229,254]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFCB4FF34FBEEB8E4" box="[863,1053,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar morphologically to the following species, all but one of which occur on Sulawesi, its satellite island of Buton, or in the adjacent Moluccan region. The new species is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFC45FEE3FBA9B951" box="[942,1114,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFC45FEE3FBA9B951" box="[942,1114,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31AB68BD10C056AFB39FEE3FAB9B956" box="[1234,1354,306,332]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the mental not contacting the anterior chin shields, the absence of preocular scales, prefrontal touching first three supralabials, five scales surrounding the paraparietals and the presence of a pale collar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED10C056AFB40FE51FB0DB980" box="[1195,1278,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1376,938,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[187,1400,927,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of syntypes (ZMA 10083) of C. ceramensis de Rooij, 1913, from Seram Island, Moluccas. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189516/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED10C056AFAE6FE51FAEDB980" box="[1293,1310,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1638,1662]" captionTargetBox="[354,1228,1103,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[344,1243,1081,1613]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral view of syntype ZMA 10083 a of Calamaria ceramensis illustrating the dark median stripe on the ventral surface of the tail. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189518/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED10C056AFAC0FE51FACFB980" box="[1323,1340,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[195,1372,1165,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1393,1094,1971]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral view of the head of the syntype (ZMA 10083 b) of Calamaria ceramensis. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189520/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">7</figureCitation>
|
||
, and 9). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFEE4FE76FE38B9DA" box="[271,459,423,448]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFEE4FE76FE38B9DA" box="[271,459,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFD8DFE76FCFFB9DA" box="[614,780,423,448]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFD8DFE76FCFFB9DA" box="[614,780,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the morphologically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFB7BFE76FF21B9FD" authority="Bleeker, 1860" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1860" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rebentischi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFB7BFE76FAC7B9DA" box="[1168,1332,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. rebentischi</emphasis>
|
||
Bleeker, 1860
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Borneo in having many more ventral scales (157 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFC5CFE1CFBCEB9FD" box="[951,1085,461,487]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6195" metricValueMax="3.7084" metricValueMin="3.5305999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="142.5" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="139.0">139–146 in</quantity>
|
||
male and 198 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFAFDFE1CFA6FB9FD" box="[1302,1436,461,487]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9751" metricValueMax="4.191" metricValueMin="3.7592" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="156.5" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="148.0">148–165 in</quantity>
|
||
female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFF1BFE25FE6BBA17" box="[240,408,500,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF1BFE25FE6BBA17" box="[240,408,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFDEEFE25FDA2BA14" box="[517,593,500,526]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="140.0">140 in</quantity>
|
||
male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFD70FE25FCB2BA17" box="[667,833,500,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rebentischi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFD70FE25FCB2BA17" box="[667,833,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. rebentischi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a smaller tail:total length ratio (0.060 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFAA1FE25FF0BBA2E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0065999999999997" metricValueMax="2.2098" metricValueMin="1.8034" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="0.07899999999999999" valueMax="0.087" valueMin="0.071">0.071– 0.087 in</quantity>
|
||
female and 0.103 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFE15FDCBFD52BA2E" box="[510,673,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4925" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.175" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="0.1375" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.125">0.125–0.15 in</quantity>
|
||
male
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFD01FDCBFC6BBA29" box="[746,920,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFD01FDCBFC67BA29" box="[746,916,538,563]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">C. ceramensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFC17FDCBFBAEBA2E" box="[1020,1117,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8608" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="0.152">0.152 in</quantity>
|
||
the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D10C056AFB39FDCBFAF6BA2E" box="[1234,1285,538,564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFF7CFD90FEB2BA40" box="[151,321,577,602]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rebentischi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF7CFD90FEB2BA40" box="[151,321,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. rebentischi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by a larger eye diameter that slightly exceeds the eye-mouth distance (vs. equal to or smaller than eye-mouth distance in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFDDEFDB9FD28BA9B" box="[565,731,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFDDEFDB9FD28BA9B" box="[565,731,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED10C056AFD02FDB9FCC3BA98" box="[745,816,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[195,1372,1165,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1393,1094,1971]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral view of the head of the syntype (ZMA 10083 b) of Calamaria ceramensis. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189520/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
] and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFC9AFDB9FBE0BA9B" box="[881,1043,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rebentischi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFC9AFDB9FBE0BA9B" box="[881,1043,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. rebentischi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively). In addition, a dark median line on the ventral surface of the tail is sometimes present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFC36FD5EFB7BBAB2" box="[989,1160,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFC36FD5EFB7BBAB2" box="[989,1160,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. ceramensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED10C056AFB22FD5FFAE1BAB2" box="[1225,1298,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1638,1662]" captionTargetBox="[354,1228,1103,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[344,1243,1081,1613]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral view of syntype ZMA 10083 a of Calamaria ceramensis illustrating the dark median stripe on the ventral surface of the tail. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189518/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), but is not present on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D10C056AFEA3FD64FE42BAD5" box="[328,433,693,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED10C056AFE29FD64FDF8BAD5" box="[450,523,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,969,993]" captionTargetBox="[151,1407,231,944]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,128,945]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the holotype of Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov. (MZB Oph. 3230). Note the absence of a dark median stripe on the ventral surface of the tail. Photo by André Koch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189517/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D10C056AFDA4FD64FD45BAD5" box="[591,694,693,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFD0BFD64FC52BAD4" box="[736,929,693,718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFD0BFD64FC52BAD4" box="[736,929,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFC5AFD64FB2BBAD4" box="[945,1240,693,718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFC5AFD64FB2BBAD4" box="[945,1240,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFF30FD0DFD28BAEC" authority="Howard & Gillespie, 2007" authorityName="Howard & Gillespie" authorityYear="2007" box="[219,731,732,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF30FD0DFE7EBAEF" box="[219,397,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. longirostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD10C056AFE7EFD0DFD28BAEC" author="Howard" box="[405,731,732,758]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Howard, S. D. & Gillespie, G. (2007) Two New Calamaria (Serpentes) Species from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Herpetology, 41 (2), 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="2007">Howard & Gillespie, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Buton Island),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFC4CFD0DFA6FBAEC" authority="Howard & Gillespie, 2007" authorityName="Howard & Gillespie" authorityYear="2007" box="[935,1436,732,758]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFC4CFD0DFBBDBAEF" box="[935,1102,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. butonensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD10C056AFBBDFD0DFA6FBAEC" author="Howard" box="[1110,1436,732,758]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Howard, S. D. & Gillespie, G. (2007) Two New Calamaria (Serpentes) Species from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Herpetology, 41 (2), 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="2007">Howard & Gillespie, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Buton Island), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFE6BFCD3FD2EBB06" authority="Smith, 1927" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1927" box="[384,733,770,796]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apraeocularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFE6BFCD3FDB5BB01" box="[384,582,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. apraeocularis</emphasis>
|
||
Smith, 1927
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(southwestern peninsula of Sulawesi) by the lack of contact between the mental and the anterior pair of chin shields. The new taxon is further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFA6BFCF8FECEBB73" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apraeocularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFA6BFCF8FECEBB73" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. apraeocularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by many more subcaudals in both sexes (20 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFC69FC81FC4CBB70" box="[898,959,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
females and 25 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFB45FC81FAE4BB70" box="[1198,1303,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="18.0">18–19 in</quantity>
|
||
males), by having five (vs. six) shields and scales surrounding the paraparietal, by significantly longer tails in both sexes (0.060 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFECBFC4CFE13BBAD" box="[288,480,925,951]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.255" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="0.0325" valueMax="0.035" valueMin="0.03">0.030–0.035 in</quantity>
|
||
females and 0.103 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF55BFED10C056AFCE1FC4CFC39BBAD" box="[778,970,925,951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7145" metricValueMax="1.7272" metricValueMin="1.7018" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="0.0675" valueMax="0.068" valueMin="0.067">0.067–0.068 in</quantity>
|
||
males), and by having a pale collar. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFEF3FC15FE26BBC7" box="[280,469,964,989]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFEF3FC15FE26BBC7" box="[280,469,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs further from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFD2CFC15FC82BBC7" box="[711,881,964,989]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFD2CFC15FC82BBC7" box="[711,881,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. longirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having five (vs. four) supralabials, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFF7CFC3BFEB5BC19" box="[151,326,1002,1027]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="butonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF7CFC3BFEB5BC19" box="[151,326,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. butonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having more ventrals (198 vs. 141–177) and subcaudals (20 vs. 14–18) in females. Furthermore, the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFE7CFBC0FDE5BC30" box="[407,534,1041,1066]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFE7CFBC0FDE5BC30" box="[407,534,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from Buton Island show a different colour pattern in that they lack a pale collar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317A590D10C056AFF2DFB8FFC1BBEF9" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD10C056AFF2DFB8FFD88BD7A" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF2DFB8FFD27BC62" bold="true" box="[198,724,1118,1144]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Distribution, habitat, and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFCB1FB8EFB8EBC62" box="[858,1149,1119,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFCB1FB8EFB8EBC62" box="[858,1149,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Calamaria banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the islands of Banggai and Peleng east of Central Sulawesi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336EA9ED10C056AFCC1FB54FC9CBC85" box="[810,879,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,204,1058]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,197,1062]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Sulawesi region and the Moluccas. Banggai Island, the type locality of Calamaria banggaiensis sp. nov., located east off Peleng is indicated by an asterisk. Question marks denote islands from which Calamaria have not been reported, between the disjunct distribution ranges of C. banggaiensis sp. nov. and C. ceramensis in the Moluccas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189514/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is reasonable to expect this species to occur on smaller nearby islands such as Labobo and Bangkurung that are merely separated by shallow sea ways. Occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFEACFB02FDF5BCF6" box="[327,518,1235,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFEACFB02FDF5BCF6" box="[327,518,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Sulawesi, however, is questionable due to the deep channel that separates the Banggai Archipelago from Sulawesi precluding a land connection during glacial maxima, and the associated faunistic differences in the assemblage of amphibians and reptiles of Sulawesi mainland and the Banggai island group (unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2F61BD10C056AFF2DFABCFC1BBEF9" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1763]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D10C056AFF10FABCFEDEBD9D" box="[251,301,1389,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens were both collected in the afternoon under surface objects (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D10C056AFB7BFABCFB05BD9D" box="[1168,1270,1389,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected under a decomposing log, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B648B9D10C056AFE10FA45FD93BDB4" box="[507,608,1428,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
under a rock). In the former case, the specimen was found in a cacaoplantation near a river (Banggai Island), the second at a site that was characterized by a combination of large trees and cacao understory (Peleng Island). Both specimens were discovered only a few meters above sea level. As for most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFE97F9D9FE0CBE3B" box="[380,511,1544,1569]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFE97F9D9FE0CBE3B" box="[380,511,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, nearly nothing is known about the biology of this newly described taxon and further investigations are needed. In concordance with the secretive and borrowing lifestyle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFF7CF984FEE5BE74" box="[151,278,1621,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF7CF984FEE5BE74" box="[151,278,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Peleng specimen regurgitated an earthworm after capture. Other amphibians and reptiles that were found in the anthropogenically-influenced habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFCA3F9ADFBF6BE8F" box="[840,1029,1660,1685]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Calamaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="banggaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFCA3F9ADFBF6BE8F" box="[840,1029,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">C. banggaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Banggai Island are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFAFCF9ADFF07BEA6" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baleata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFAFCF9ADFA86BE8F" box="[1303,1397,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Kaloula</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF7CF972FF07BEA6" box="[151,244,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">baleata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFEEEF972FDEDBEA6" box="[261,542,1699,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFEEEF972FDEDBEA6" box="[261,542,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Platymantis papuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFDC5F972FD01BEA6" box="[558,754,1699,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhytisma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFDC5F972FD01BEA6" box="[558,754,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Draco rhytisma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFCE8F972FBE7BEA6" box="[771,1044,1699,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Emoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeruleocauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFCE8F972FBE7BEA6" box="[771,1044,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Emoia caeruleocauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFBCFF972FAAFBEA6" box="[1060,1372,1699,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lamprolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFBCFF972FAAFBEA6" box="[1060,1372,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Lamprolepis smaragdina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFF7CF918FE4ABEF8" box="[151,441,1737,1763]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lipinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infralineolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFF7CF918FF1FBEF8" box="[151,236,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Lipinia</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFEF3F918FE4ABEF8" box="[280,441,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">infralineolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D8D98D10C056AFE11F918FD32BEF8" box="[506,705,1737,1762]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFE11F918FD32BEF8" box="[506,705,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Varanus salvator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C8BEAD10C056AFCEFF918FC28BEF9" author="Koch" box="[772,987,1737,1763]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Koch, A., Arida, E. & Bohme, W. (2007 a) Zwischenbericht uber die Herpetofauna Sulawesis unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Gattung Varanus: phylogeographische Beziehungen zu angrenzenden Gebieten. Elaphe, 15 (3), 42 - 52." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Koch
|
||
<emphasis id="B9792A09D10C056AFCA6F918FC74BEF8" box="[845,903,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |