204 lines
25 KiB
XML
204 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="71BF6C5F2743B8AAD993BD94F3EE3D9D" ID-CLB-Dataset="21604" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4803.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8914bb90-1af0-4a6e-b7be-0b8dce1401a5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3908049" ID-ZooBank="B4A3AADA-4793-4B13-BBBE-5EBC0C0AC4DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1593082816976" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gonzalez, Lisa & Häggqvist, Sibylle" docDate="2020" docId="03931119AA432A44FF59151BFBB8535A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4803.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4803 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epicnemis Borgmeier" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="FFAA6961AA422A47FFCE1364FF805139" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Oriental Region genus Epicnemis Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1698842918482" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="71A5304E88B1557CFF02226696EBE889">
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<mods:title id="5C1AD38D6D2DD19331A0891C791A97F6">Revision of the Oriental Region genus Epicnemis Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F3D12A67A0BD78F5DEB7B1B4A3F92A55" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CA5AFD18CA86AAD5E001E86AA445C75D">Gonzalez, Lisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AAE59E3C15AFF623501C6B943905348F">Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Stockholm, SWEDEN and Stockholm University, Department of Zoology. sibyllehaggqvist @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9294 - 3078 & lgonzale @ nhm. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5260 - 4162</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="D2AEE0DF1A4CA34905C9605247BF3AA6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="10B6B76FB94FB454CC99B4BC24E92340">Häggqvist, Sibylle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="30DC7D9FCDE06349FA4A8ECC93785088">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F043E326459F003BDF22BF2574B75FF6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6C49EFD6CB2D80C04D116865FE0B0250">
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<mods:date id="5FFDD40AD6B2ABEFDD24EABDA58E722D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4F5A77DC290EB5ACB6FA4B16FDFB5483">2020-06-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FBD65AA6203F1B8A93D19768F6A0E1E7">4803</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2B8E2CD9FA46844495F137C0F6D44825">103</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="AA0575F6828F39174C869CA2788E6EE3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4803.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03931119AA432A44FF59151BFBB8535A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5919169" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164740159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5919169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03931119AA432A44FF59151BFBB8535A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03931119AA432A44FF59151BFBB8535A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<subSubSection id="C320F384AA432A46FF59151BFE7B57A0" box="[151,507,1663,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA432A46FF59151BFE7B57A0" blockId="1.[151,507,1663,1689]" box="[151,507,1663,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<heading id="D0CD1763AA432A46FF59151BFE7B57A0" bold="true" box="[151,507,1663,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA432A46FF59151BFE7B57A0" bold="true" box="[151,507,1663,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA432A46FF20151BFE7B57A0" ID-CoL="62RY5" authority="Borgmeier" authorityName="Borgmeier" box="[238,507,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA432A46FF20151BFEED57A0" bold="true" box="[238,365,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Epicnemis</emphasis>
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Borgmeier
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320F384AA432A46FF5915A0FD9B57C3" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA432A46FF5915A0FE6657E2" blockId="1.[151,539,1731,1787]" box="[151,486,1731,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A8721AA432A46FF5915A0FE6657E2" box="[151,486,1731,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B861EAA432A46FF5915A0FE6257E2" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[151,482,1731,1756]" page="172" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" year="1962">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA432A46FF5915A0FE6257E2" ID-CoL="62RY5" authority="Borgmeier 1962: 172" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,482,1731,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA432A46FF5915A0FE8157E2" box="[151,257,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Epicnemis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDDFEAA432A46FEC915A7FE6257E2" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[263,482,1731,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" pagination="171 - 174" refId="ref16501" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1962) Epicnemis, a new genus of phorid flies from the East Indies (Diptera: Phoridae). Anais da Academia Brasiliera de Ciencias, 34, 171 - 174." type="journal article" year="1962">Borgmeier 1962: 172</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA432A46FF591586FD9B57C3" blockId="1.[151,539,1731,1787]" box="[151,539,1761,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A8721AA432A46FF591586FD9B57C3" box="[151,539,1761,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B861EAA432A46FF591586FD9757C3" author="Beyer, E. M." box="[151,535,1761,1787]" page="26" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" year="1958">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA432A46FF591586FD9757C3" ID-CoL="63NW5" authority=": Beyer 1958: 25 - 26" authorityName="Beyer" authorityPageNumber="25 - 26" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,535,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Plethysmochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA432A46FF591586FEC457C3" box="[151,324,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Plethysmochaeta</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDDFEAA432A46FE9C1587FD9757C3" author="Beyer, E. M." box="[338,535,1761,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref16465" refString="Beyer, E. M. (1958) Die ersten Phoriden von Burma (Dipt. Phor.). Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes Biologicae, 18 (8), 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1958">Beyer 1958: 25–26</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320F384AA432A45FF591444FD8E50CE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA432A46FF591444FCE35601" blockId="1.[151,867,1823,1848]" box="[151,867,1823,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<typeStatus id="54811EADAA432A46FF591444FF495601" box="[151,201,1824,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA432A46FEE81444FDE75601" authority="Brues 1915" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1915" box="[294,615,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidula">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA432A46FEE81444FE6B560E" box="[294,491,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Hypocera flavidula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDDFEAA432A46FE3F1444FDE75601" author="Brues, C. T." box="[497,615,1823,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" pagination="184 - 193" refId="ref16724" refString="Brues, C. T. (1915) Some new Phoridae from Java. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 23, 184 - 193." type="journal article" year="1915">Brues 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA432A45FF591401FBB650B2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1893,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA432A46FF591401FE3256B9" bold="true" box="[151,434,1893,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Genus-level characters.</emphasis>
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Medium-sized (
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<quantity id="4CC20DEAAA432A46FDA11402FD5056B9" box="[623,720,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
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long), light-brown phorid flies. Males (
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<figureCitation id="1301BC8AAA432A46FB531402FB7156B9" box="[1181,1265,1894,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1340,1365]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,317,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,309,1315]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1A–B. Habitus, Epicnemis species. a. E. ratanae new species, male. b. Epicnemis species, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908051/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
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): Frontal setae reclinate, dorsal fronto-orbital setae absent, thus most species with 4-2-4 frontal setae and one pair of supra-antennal seta (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="1301BC8AAA432A46FEC414CAFEDC56F1" box="[266,348,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1624,1649]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,183,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[172,1415,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Heads, Epicnemis species, males, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908057/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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), although first row often not in straight line (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="1301BC8AAA432A46FC5414CAFC6E56F1" box="[922,1006,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1624,1649]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,183,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[172,1415,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Heads, Epicnemis species, males, anterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908057/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="104">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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). Median furrow absent. Ommatrichia present. Flagellomere 1 yellowish-orange, pyriform; arista dorsal. Palpus large, yellowish-orange, with thick black setae apically and thinner, shorter black setulae ventrally. Postpronotal lobes large, spiracle nearly dorsal (
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<figureCitation id="1301BC8AAA402A45FAF513FDFA10518A" box="[1339,1424,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–35" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1741,1766]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,276,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,273,1717]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 30–35. Epicnemis species, males. Figs. 30–33. Heads, anterior view. Fig. 34. Anterior part of thorax, lateral. Fig. 35. Male terminalia, left lateral. Abbreviation: sp, spiracle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
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). Posterior margin of anepisternum darkened. Parapsidal suture (between scutum and anepisternum) short, not extending anteriorly to spiracle. Anepisternum setulose dorsally. Notopleuron with 3 large setae. Anepimeron reduced, meron expanded, concave. Halter short. Costal setae short; wing vein R2+3 absent. Midtibia with setal palisade extending to midlength. Hind tibia with several scattered medium-sized anterodorsal setae and complete dorsal setal palisade. Eversible membrane bearing field of dense thickened setulae present in between tergite 1 and 2 (
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<figureCitation id="1301BC8AAA402A45FAAA1229FF3450B2" captionStart="FIGURES 36–39" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1664,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,671,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,669,1639]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 36–39. Epicnemis species. Figs. 36–37. Male terminalia, left lateral. Fig. 36. Air dried. Fig. 37. HMDS dried. Figs. 38–39. Posterior part of thorax and anterior segments of male abdomen, dorsal. Fig. 38. habitus. Fig. 39. detail of spinuli. Abbreviation: T1, T2—abdominal tergite 1, 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908063/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">Figs. 39</figureCitation>
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–40); smaller such fields present more posteriorly. Hypandrium greatly reduced.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA402A45FF0912F1FDEF5089" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,611]" box="[199,623,405,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">
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Females: apterous, limuloid (
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<figureCitation id="1301BC8AAA402A45FDC012F1FDE05089" box="[526,608,405,432]" captionStart="FIGURES 1" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1340,1365]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,317,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,309,1315]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1A–B. Habitus, Epicnemis species. a. E. ratanae new species, male. b. Epicnemis species, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA402A45FF0912DCFD8E50CE" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FF0912DCFD9E50EA" bold="true" box="[199,542,440,467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">Previously described species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA402A45FDED12DEFC8250EA" authority="(Brues)" baseAuthorityName="Brues" box="[547,770,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Hypocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidula">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FDED12DEFD2650EA" box="[547,678,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">E. flavidula</emphasis>
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(Brues)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA402A45FCC212DEFC6350EA" authority="Borgmeier" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1962" box="[780,995,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testis">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FCC212DEFCE550EA" box="[780,869,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">E. testis</emphasis>
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Borgmeier
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA402A45FC2312DEFB3650EA" authority="Disney" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="1991" box="[1005,1206,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harveyi">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FC2312DEFBE050EA" box="[1005,1120,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">E. harveyi</emphasis>
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Disney
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA402A45FB0E12DEFF5E50CE" authority="Chu & Liu" authorityName="Chu & Liu" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linguiformis">
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<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FB0E12DEFAE850EA" box="[1216,1384,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">E. linguiformis</emphasis>
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Chu & Liu
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA402A45FF2712BAFD8E50CE" authority="Mostovski." authorityName="Mostovski." box="[233,526,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namkyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FF2712BAFF7A50CE" box="[233,250,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FEC612B9FE0950CE" box="[264,393,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">namkyensis</emphasis>
|
||
Mostovski.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320F384AA402A44FF091164FE9850B2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA402A45FF091164FCAF535A" blockId="2.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FF091164FE325322" bold="true" box="[199,434,512,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">Species recognition.</emphasis>
|
||
The most distinctive characters for these flies are found in the male genitalia and the frons. Most species are recognizable easily by observing these two features. The genitalia are often withdrawn into the abdomen, however, making dissection a frequent necessity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45F087AA402A45FF5914D2FD4156F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3908053" box="[151,705,1974,1999]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908053/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" startId="2.[151,250,1974,1999]" targetBox="[153,1435,639,1949]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA402A45FF5914D2FD4156F6" blockId="2.[151,705,1974,1999]" box="[151,705,1974,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FF5914D2FE9356F6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1974,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA402A45FDCF14D3FDEB56F7" box="[513,619,1975,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA402A45FDCF14D3FDEB56F7" box="[513,619,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="105">Epicnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA412A44FF0913FDFDE05026" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Setation of the frons and of the legs is often used in phorid taxonomy, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA412A44FBD513FEFB10518A" box="[1051,1168,154,179]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA412A44FBD513FEFB10518A" box="[1051,1168,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">Epicnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the patterns of setae are notably varied and less reliable. The species with larger numbers of specimens invariably include those with extra frontal setae, or in one case (an atypical male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ADB8CAA412A44FD0C1386FC9151C2" authority="Gonzalez & Häggqvist, 2020" authorityName="Gonzalez & Häggqvist" authorityYear="2020" box="[706,785,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epicnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA412A44FD0C1386FC9151C2" box="[706,785,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">E. alus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27DC166AA412A44FCD71385FC2551C5" box="[793,933,225,252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), lacking usual frontal setae. Tibial setae are similarly varied in individual specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA412A44FF09124DFE9850B2" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA412A44FF09124DFED3507A" bold="true" box="[199,339,296,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">Way of life.</emphasis>
|
||
With their limuoid female body forms, these flies presumably live in the nests of termites. Surprisingly, there is no specific information on hosts or lifestyles. Their larvae might be predators, scavengers, or parasitoids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320F384AA412A44FF0912F0FBB8535A" pageId="3" pageNumber="106" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA412A44FF0912F0FF495322" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA412A44FF0912F0FEE15096" bold="true" box="[199,353,404,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Oriental Region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1301BC8AAA412A44FDFE12F1FD155096" box="[560,661,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1974,1999]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,639,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,633,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Known distribution of Epicnemis species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3908053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3908053/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). This genus conforms well to Wallace’s Line (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDDFEAA412A44FB7A12F1FAD55089" author="Wallace, A. R." box="[1204,1365,405,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106" refId="ref17087" refString="Wallace, A. R. (1876) The geographical distribution of animals with a study of relations of living and extinct fauans as elucidating the past changes of the earth's surface with maps and illustrations. Vols. 1 & 2. MacMillan, London, 503 + 607 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46581" type="book" year="1876">Wallace 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with species being apparently absent from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FE6EEDAA412A44FDF112DDFD2450EA" box="[575,676,441,467]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(at least not reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDDFEAA412A44FC7312DDFBD050EA" author="Disney, R. H. L." box="[957,1104,440,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106" pagination="139 - 141" refId="ref16845" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1985) Watching scuttle flies on Project Wallace. Antenna, 9, 139 - 141." type="journal article" year="1985">Disney 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Russell Cox (personal communication) has reported specimens from Timor, however, which is east of the southern extremity of Wallace’s line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A00FAA412A44FF091140FBB8535A" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA412A44FF091140FE355306" bold="true" box="[199,437,548,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
|
||
The name seems to be based on the presence of mid- and hind tibial setal palisades (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA412A44FABF1142FA135306" box="[1393,1427,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">epi</emphasis>
|
||
- upon,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7C1DAA412A44FF13112DFEA5535A" box="[221,293,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="106">kneme</emphasis>
|
||
- knee), a character that Borgmeier stressed in his original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |