treatments-xml/data/D9/31/97/D931978137F07C6D58F312862ABA8582.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455" ID-PMC="PMC4225075" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-42-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="220A99134B5CFD1E5E39D053FFB6757D" ID-PubMed="25383012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576251" ModsDocID="1314-2003-42-57" checkinTime="1451251668893" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dorr, Laurence J. &amp; Stergios, Basil" docDate="2014" docId="D931978137F07C6D58F312862ABA8582" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 42: 57-76" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 42" docPubDate="2014-10-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455" docTitle="Pilea miguelii Dorr &amp; Stergios 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="220A99134B5CFD1E5E39D053FFB6757D" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="220A99134B5CFD1E5E39D053FFB6757D" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1668141252568" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dorrl@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stergios, Basil</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales &quot; Ezequiel Zamora &quot; (UNELLEZ), Mesa de Cavacas, Guanare, Estado Portuguesa 3323, Venezuela</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-10-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>42</mods:number>
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>76</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-42-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576251</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025194" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D931978137F07C6D58F312862ABA8582" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D931978137F07C6D58F312862ABA8582" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName LSID="D9319781-37F0-7C6D-58F3-12862ABA8582" authority="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii" status="sp. nov.">Pilea miguelii Dorr &amp; Stergios</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pilea miguelii. A Habit; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node B Leaf detail (major lamina upper surface) showing cystoliths C Staminate inflorescence D Detail of staminate inflorescence. E Staminate flower showing tepals covering anthers F Pistillate inflorescence G Pistillate flower H Pistillate flower with tepals teased apart to show mature ovary. (A from B. Stergios &amp; M. Nino 16028 (PORT); B-E from B. Stergios &amp; M. Nino 16028 (US); F-H from J. A. Steyermark 55767 (US ))." pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figure 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authority="Dorr &amp; Stergios, 2014" authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Pilea</taxonomicName>
sp. B, Dorr et al., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 40: 146. 2000 [2001].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authority="Dorr &amp; Stergios, 2014" authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Pilea</taxonomicName>
sp. B, vel aff., Dorr et al., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 40: 146. 2000 [2001].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea haenkei" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haenkei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea haenkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Killip in the extreme difference in size of leaf laminae at each node, but differing in lamina shape (narrowly ovate to ovate or obovate versus ovate-lanceolate) and base (asymmetrically cuneate versus cordate).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">VENEZUELA.</emphasis>
Trujillo: Mpio. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
: &quot;Laguna Negra,&quot; carretera entre Batatal y Mosquey, 1700 m, 3 Apr 1994, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
B. Stergios &amp; M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
16028
</emphasis>
(holotype: PORT [58122]; isotypes: NY, US [00727846]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Herb or shrublet, to 1.5 m tall; terrestrial; monoecious. Stems erect, branched, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
suffruticose, drying dull green or dark blackish-brown, glabrous, cystoliths fusiform, sometimes very dense, internodes 2.3-11 cm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 mm (shorter distally), terete and becoming 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
angulate in cross-section when dry. Stipules ca 2 mm long, deltoid, drying light-brown, caducous. Leaves petiolate, distichous; petioles at the same node unequal by a ratio of 1:(5-) 10-20, major petioles 0.5-4 cm long, minor petioles ca 1 mm long or subsessile, glabrous; laminae of leaves at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:5-11.5; major laminae in a pair 5-11.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-5.5 (-7) cm, narrowly ovate to ovate or obovate, slightly asymmetric, membranous, 3-nerved from the base or lateral nerves diverging from the midrib 1-2 mm above the base, secondary nerves 12-14 pair, borne 80-90° to the midrib; upper surface dull or dark green, glabrous, cystoliths fusiform, unequal in size, often dense, lower surface pale or dull green, glabrous, midrib and secondary nerves prominently raised, base asymmetrically cuneate, margin coarsely crenate to serrate its entire length, apex long acuminate; minor laminae in a pair 0.9-2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1 cm, otherwise as major laminae. Inflorescences&gt; 20 per stem, unisexual, white, whitish-green or green; bracts broadly deltate, ca 1 mm long; bracteoles broadly deltate, ca 1 mm long. Staminate inflorescences 4 per axil, 10-15 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
17-20 mm, bearing&gt; 50 flowers in a loose, spreading cyme; peduncles 2-5 mm long, glabrous; pedicels ca 0.5-1 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flowers ca 1 mm long, greenish-white; tepals 4, ca 0.75 mm long, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
verrucose; stamens 4. Pistillate inflorescences 4 per axil, ca 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
18 mm, bearing&gt; 50 flowers in a loose, spreading cyme; peduncles 2-5 mm long, glabrous; pedicels 0.5-0.75 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flowers ca 0. 5 mm long. Infructescences not seen.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
Habit; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
Leaf detail (major lamina upper surface) showing cystoliths 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
Staminate inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
Detail of staminate inflorescence. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">E</emphasis>
Staminate flower showing tepals covering anthers 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">F</emphasis>
Pistillate inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">G</emphasis>
Pistillate flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">H</emphasis>
Pistillate flower with tepals teased apart to show mature ovary. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
B. Stergios &amp; M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
16028
</emphasis>
(PORT); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">B-E</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
B. Stergios &amp; M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
16028
</emphasis>
(US); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">F-H</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">J.A. Steyermark 55767</emphasis>
(US)).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="distribution and ecology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Known only from the Andes of Venezuela (Lara, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
, and Trujillo states) where it forms colonies in the understory of cloud forest; 1490-2600 (-3210) m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
This species is named for S. Miguel 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
, professor at UNELLEZ, Guanare, and valued collaborator in our investigations of the Andean flora.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">VENEZUELA.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Lara:</emphasis>
Mpio. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morán">Moran</normalizedToken>
: Quebrada Los Cedros (
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.516666">09°31'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.01667">070°01'W</geoCoordinate>
), 15 km al S de Humocaro Alto, hacia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaitó">Guaito</normalizedToken>
, 1500 m, 8 Jul 1974, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
J.A. Steyermark &amp; V. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carreño">Carreno</normalizedToken>
Espinoza 110270
</emphasis>
(VEN). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Mpio. Arzobispo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chacón">Chacon</normalizedToken>
: NW- and W-facing slopes of Quebrada de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montaña">Montana</normalizedToken>
, in La 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montaña">Montana</normalizedToken>
de Los Torritos, tributary to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canaguá">Canagua</normalizedToken>
, above Finca La 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montaña">Montana</normalizedToken>
, 8 km SW of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canaguá">Canagua</normalizedToken>
, 1925-2075 m, 8 May 1944, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">J.A. Steyermark 56365</emphasis>
(US). Mpio. Rangel: Quebrada entre Aracay y La Cuchilla, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.933333">08°56'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.6">070°36'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2250 m, 28 Dec 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A. Fernandez 1582</emphasis>
(PORT). Mpio. Libertador: between Los Corales and Las Cuadras, 1490-3210 m, 25 Mar 1944, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">J.A. Steyermark 55767</emphasis>
(US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Trujillo:</emphasis>
Mpio. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Límites">Limites</normalizedToken>
del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de Guaramacal y el bosque nublado, 25 km SE de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
, ca 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.216666">09°13'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.166664">070°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2200-2600 m, 23 Jan 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">G. Aymard et al. 5000</emphasis>
(PORT); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, en los alrededores del acueducto de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
, detras de la Laguna de Los Cedros, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="9.243889">09°14'38&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-70.22">070°13'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1850 m, 12 Mar 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">N. Cuello et al. 1399</emphasis>
(PORT, US); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, vertiente occidental, Sector El Santuario, alrededores de La Cueva, ca 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.166667">09°10'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.3">070°18'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1800 m, 1 May 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">N. Cuello et al. 1432</emphasis>
(NY, PORT, US); 13 km ESE of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
, 1 km W of Guaramacal, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.183333">09°11'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.15">070°09'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1600 m, 16 Mar 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">R. Liesner et al. 12896</emphasis>
(MO, PORT, VEN). Entre 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
y El Batatal, 1800 m, 5 Sep 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">J.A. Steyermark &amp; M. Rabe 97410</emphasis>
(NY, US, VEN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs in the Heterophyllae species group of 
<bibRefCitation author="Weddell, HA" journalOrPublisher="Prodromus" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="104 - 163" refId="B11" refString="Weddell, HA, 1869. Pilea. Prodromus 16 (1): 104 - 163" title="Pilea." volume="16" year="1869">Weddell (1869)</bibRefCitation>
and the 
<taxonomicName genus="Centradenioideae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rank="genus">Centradenioideae</taxonomicName>
species group of 
<bibRefCitation author="Killip, EP" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="367 - 394" refId="B4" refString="Killip, EP, 1936. New species of Pilea from the Andes. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (8): 367 - 394" title="New species of Pilea from the Andes." volume="26" year="1936">Killip (1936)</bibRefCitation>
. The new species is easily recognized by the combination of the extreme difference in leaf laminae size at each node and the branching inflorescences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
One of the specimens (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Steyermark 56365</emphasis>
, US) that fits our concept of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was identified by Killip (in sched.) as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea losensis" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="losensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea losensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Killip, but the similarity is superficial. 
<bibRefCitation author="Killip, EP" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="367 - 394" refId="B4" refString="Killip, EP, 1936. New species of Pilea from the Andes. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (8): 367 - 394" title="New species of Pilea from the Andes." volume="26" year="1936">Killip (1936)</bibRefCitation>
included 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea losensis" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="losensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea losensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his Multiflorae species group and unlike our new species the leaf laminae at each node are 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
equal in size (versus distinctly unequal), the laminae are narrowly elliptic to oblong-elliptic (versus narrowly ovate to ovate or obovate), and the apices are acuminate (versus long acuminate). In addition, the type of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea losensis" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="losensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea losensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at least, is sparingly branched while most collections of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are profusely branched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Another specimen (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Steyermark 55767</emphasis>
, US) that fits our concept of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was identified by Killip (in sched.) as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea carnosula" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea carnosula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wedd., also in his Multiflorae species group (
<bibRefCitation author="Killip, EP" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="367 - 394" refId="B4" refString="Killip, EP, 1936. New species of Pilea from the Andes. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (8): 367 - 394" title="New species of Pilea from the Andes." volume="26" year="1936">Killip 1936</bibRefCitation>
). This &quot;new record&quot; for Venezuela was reported by 
<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana, Botany" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="679 - 1190" refId="B10" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1957. Botanical exploration in Venezuela - IV. Fieldiana, Botany 28 (4): 679 - 1190" title="Botanical exploration in Venezuela - IV." volume="28" year="1957">Steyermark (1957</bibRefCitation>
as &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="carnulosa" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">carnulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;) and subsequently repeated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Romaniuc Neto, S" editor="Hokche, O" journalOrPublisher="Fundacion Instituto Botanico de Venezuela Dr. Tobias Lasser, Caracas" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="649 - 652" refId="B9" refString="Romaniuc Neto, S, 2008. Urticaceae. In: Hokche, O, Berry, PE, Huber, O, Eds., Nuevo catalogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela. Fundacion Instituto Botanico de Venezuela Dr. Tobias Lasser, Caracas: 649 - 652" title="Urticaceae." volumeTitle="Nuevo catalogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela." year="2008">Romaniuc Neto (2008</bibRefCitation>
as &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="carnulosa" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">carnulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;). The two species are only superficially similar. The leaf laminae at each node are 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
similar in size in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea carnosula" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea carnosula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the major laminae of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea carnosula" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea carnosula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller than those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0.8-4 versus 5-11.5 cm long).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
The very dense, whitish covering of cystoliths on the leaves and stems of one collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Steyermark &amp; Rabe 97410</emphasis>
) from Trujillo makes the material look different than the type of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but a careful examination of other morphological characters (leaf size, shape, venation, etc.) convinces us that this sterile collection belongs with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as does another sterile collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">A. Fernandez 1582</emphasis>
) from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
that also has a dense covering of cystoliths.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Diagnostic characters that distinguish Pilea miguelii and several similar species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8A6F8C8699DAA152176E0B433A819405" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="8A6F8C8699DAA152176E0B433A819405">2</tableCitation>
summarizes the differences between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other species to which it is compared (see diagnosis) or with which it has been confused.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="8A6F8C8699DAA152176E0B433A819405" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8A6F8C8699DAA152176E0B433A819405" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Table 2.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters that distinguish 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and several similar species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<table pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea carnosula" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea carnosula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea haenkei" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haenkei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea haenkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea losensis" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="losensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Pilea losensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Leaf laminae at a node</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">unequal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
equal
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">unequal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
equal
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Leaf shape</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">narrowly ovate to ovate or obovate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">narrowly lanceolate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ovate-lanceolate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">narrowly elliptic to oblong-elliptic</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Major lamina size</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
5-11.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-5.5 (-7) cm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
0.8-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.5 cm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
9-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-4.5 cm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
6-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 cm
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Leaf base</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">asymmetrically cuneate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">indistinctly cordate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">indistinctly cordate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">indistinctly cordate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Leaf apex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">long acuminate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">long acuminate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">acuminate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">acuminate</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="60" start="start">Conservation</pageBreakToken>
status.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
We cannot discern a threat to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr &amp; Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea miguelii" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miguelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Pilea miguelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival Commission" journalOrPublisher="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refId="B3" refString="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival Commission, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1 (second edition). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge" title="IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1 (second edition)." year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
). We are aware of 15-20 distinct populations, all but one of which is in either Guaramacal National Park or the Sierra Nevada National Park. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 5000 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 500 km2, which might suggest that the species is Endangered (E) under criteria B1 or B2, but there are&gt; 5 populations and no evidence of their decline.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>