168 lines
22 KiB
XML
168 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6C6863D03E4A85BA70FCAD299CE24D55">A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 3. Revision of the Craspedophorus strachani and C. brevicollis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70BDD9BBFB9644752C8107215FD2A206">Häckel, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F52ADDED52BE43DD06CD6A313CEBF18D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="88C0023E532885F8FA80B6497B20AEE2">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A5397DBBCE134B6DD3E7E3B5056C260">2017-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CBF152F917B0385315EF3CE2879DA0CB">4330</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="FC33E15109DDF31B829704470BFBAAB9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4330.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FE9CFCF9FBBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6019473" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135435400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6019473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FE9CFCF9FBBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD7387D9FFED512EFF07FE9CFCF9FBBC" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="7DC06544FFED512EFF07FE9CFEACFEBB" box="[151,679,321,348]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="356536CFFFED512EFF07FE9CFEACFEBB" blockId="35.[151,679,321,348]" box="[151,679,321,348]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="6E2D81A3FFED512EFF07FE9CFEACFEBB" bold="true" box="[151,679,321,348]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFF07FE9CFEACFEBB" ID-CoL="Z5V8" authority="Thomson, 1858" authorityName="? Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,679,321,348]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonicus">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFF07FE9CFEACFEBB" bold="true" box="[151,679,321,348]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFF07FE9CFDEAFEBC" bold="true" box="[151,481,321,347]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Craspedophorus gabonicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="514B4B3EFFED512EFE78FE9FFEACFEBB" author="Thomson" box="[488,679,322,348]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Thomson, J. (1858) Voyage au Gabon: histoire naturelle des insectes et des arachnides recueillis pendant un voyage fait au Gabon en 1856 et en 1857 par M. Henry C. Deyrolle sous les auspices de Mm. Le Comte de Mniszech et James Thomson. Deuxieme partie. Histoire naturelle proprement dite. Insectes. Archives Entomologiques ou recueil contenant des illustrations dinsectes nouveaux ou rares, 2, 29 - 445." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DC06544FFED512EFF07FE5EFCF9FBBC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="356536CFFFED512EFF07FE5EF8DBFE5F" blockId="35.[151,1436,387,440]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="15CA11E1FFED512EFF07FE5EF8DBFE5F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFF07FE5EFE82FE7E" ID-CoL="Z5V8" authority="Thomson, 1858: 34" authorityName="? Thomson" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,649,387,409]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonicus">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFF07FE5EFDB9FE7E" box="[151,434,387,409]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Craspedophorus gabonicus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="B47B10DEFFED512EFE2CFE5EFE82FE7E" author="Thomson" box="[444,649,387,409]" page="34" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1858">
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<bibRefCitation id="514B4B3EFFED512EFE2CFE5EFE69FE7E" author="Thomson" box="[444,610,387,409]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Thomson, J. (1858) Voyage au Gabon: histoire naturelle des insectes et des arachnides recueillis pendant un voyage fait au Gabon en 1856 et en 1857 par M. Henry C. Deyrolle sous les auspices de Mm. Le Comte de Mniszech et James Thomson. Deuxieme partie. Histoire naturelle proprement dite. Insectes. Archives Entomologiques ou recueil contenant des illustrations dinsectes nouveaux ou rares, 2, 29 - 445." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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: 34
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</treatmentCitation>
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(type locality “Gabon”).
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<treatmentCitation id="B47B10DEFFED512EFC0BFE59F850FE7E" author="Lorenz" box="[923,1115,387,409]" page="320" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="514B4B3EFFED512EFC0BFE59F82FFE7E" author="Lorenz" box="[923,1060,387,409]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Lorenz, W. (2005) A systematic list of extant ground beetles of the World (Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga: Trachypachidae & Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). 2 nd Edition. Published by the author, Tutzing, 530 pp." type="book" year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 320
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="B47B10DEFFED512EFBF8FE5EF993FE7E" author="Hackel" box="[1128,1432,387,409]" page="81" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="514B4B3EFFED512EFBF8FE5EF964FE7E" author="Hackel" box="[1128,1391,387,409]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Hackel, M. & Farkac, J. (2012) A check-list of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 of the World (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Studies and Reports, Taxonomical Series, 8 (1 - 2), 67 - 116." type="journal article" year="2012">Häckel and Farkač 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 81
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</treatmentCitation>
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. [?]
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFF73FE7EFE98FE5F" authority="Chaudoir 1861: 351" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityPageNumber="351" authorityYear="1861" box="[227,659,418,440]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Epicosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonicus">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFF73FE7EFDB4FE5F" box="[227,447,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Epicosmus gabonicus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="B47B10DEFFED512EFE55FE7FFE98FE5F" author="Chaudoir" box="[453,659,418,440]" page="351" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1861">
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<bibRefCitation id="514B4B3EFFED512EFE55FE7FFE6BFE5F" author="Chaudoir" box="[453,608,418,440]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Chaudoir, M. de (1861) Revision des especes qui rentrent dans l`ancien genre Panagaeus. Bulletin da la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 34 (4), 335 - 360." type="journal article" year="1861">Chaudoir 1861</bibRefCitation>
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: 351
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFD0CFE7FF8C7FE5F" authority="Gemminger and Harold 1868: 208" authorityName="Gemminger and Harold" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1868" box="[668,1228,418,440]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Eudema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gabonicum">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFD0CFE7FFF6DFE5F" box="[668,870,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eudema gabonicum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="B47B10DEFFED512EFCFCFE7FF8C7FE5F" author="Gemminger" box="[876,1228,418,440]" page="208" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1868">
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<bibRefCitation id="514B4B3EFFED512EFCFCFE7FF892FE5F" author="Gemminger" box="[876,1177,418,440]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Gemminger, M. & Harold von, E. (1868) Catalogus coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. I. Cicindelidae-Carabidae. Monachii, E. H. Gummi, xxxvi + 424 + 8 unn. pp." type="journal article" year="1868">Gemminger and Harold 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 208
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="356536CFFFED512EFF07FE02FCF9FBBC" blockId="35.[151,1437,479,1116]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFF07FE02FCDDFE1F" bold="true" box="[151,214,479,504]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Note.</emphasis>
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This species was based on a single specimen collected in
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<collectingCountry id="4DCD765FFFED512EFCE4FE02FFC9FE1F" box="[884,962,479,504]" name="Gabon" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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. Description (in part, see
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<bibRefCitation id="514B4B3EFFED512EFB7AFE02F993FE1F" author="Thomson" box="[1258,1432,479,504]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Thomson, J. (1858) Voyage au Gabon: histoire naturelle des insectes et des arachnides recueillis pendant un voyage fait au Gabon en 1856 et en 1857 par M. Henry C. Deyrolle sous les auspices de Mm. Le Comte de Mniszech et James Thomson. Deuxieme partie. Histoire naturelle proprement dite. Insectes. Archives Entomologiques ou recueil contenant des illustrations dinsectes nouveaux ou rares, 2, 29 - 445." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson 1858</bibRefCitation>
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: 34). “Length
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<quantity id="F2229B2AFFED512EFEBEFDDEFD74FDFC" box="[302,383,515,539]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="F2229B2AFFED512EFE42FDDEFE38FDFC" box="[466,563,515,539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
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. It strongly resembles
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFCA0FDD9FFADFDFC" ID-CoL="4C98M" box="[816,934,515,539]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Panagaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFCA0FDD9FFADFDFC" box="[816,934,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. festivus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Klug, 1833] differing from it by differently shaped pronotum and elytral maculae. Black. (Quatre taches jaunes sur les élytres, traversées chacune par cinq espaces longitudinaux [Elytra with four yellow-red maculae, each occupies five longitudinal intervals] as in
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFA12FD91FCE0FD60" ID-CoL="4C98M" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Panagaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFA12FD91FCE0FD60" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. festivus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with regular margins, not serrate, Head smooth. Pronotum less rounded than in
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFB0FFDADF913FD60" ID-CoL="4C98M" box="[1183,1304,623,647]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Panagaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFB0FFDADF913FD60" box="[1183,1304,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. festivus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, narrowing anteriorly, disc strongly punctured. Elytra with long intervals, strongly punctured, legs irregularly punctured” [from French]. The position of this taxon was twice confused by Chaudoir. Firstly by his incomplete report (1861: 351) and later by his selection of the
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<typeStatus id="EA61886DFFED512EFDA9FD06FEA8FD13" box="[569,675,731,756]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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. In my opinion, Chaudoir erroneously selected the specimen (1879: 95), matching it with other species than with that described by Thomson (see discussion). The original Thomson‘s
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<typeStatus id="EA61886DFFED512EFF07FCF9FCCCFCDB" box="[151,199,804,828]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
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could be found neither in MNHN nor in BMNH, MRAC OUMNH and it is most probably lost.
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<collectingRegion id="F71EF82DFFED512EFA8AFCF9F937FCDC" box="[1306,1340,804,827]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">No</collectingRegion>
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specific species or
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<typeStatus id="EA61886DFFED512EFE81FC95FD4AFC87" box="[273,321,840,864]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
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can thus be assigned to Thomson‘s name [some specimens in Basilewsky‘s collection labeled “?
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFF07FCB6FD67FC63" authority="Thoms." authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,364,875,900]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Epicosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabonicus">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFF07FCB6FD01FC63" box="[151,266,875,900]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">gabonicus</emphasis>
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Thoms.
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</taxonomicName>
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” answer to Thompson’s description—not quite, yet the most. Partially those specimens here newly described as
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFEE1FC4DFE73FC4F" ID-CoL="8M73Z" authority="Häckel, 2017" authorityName="Häckel" authorityYear="2017" box="[369,632,911,936]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ruficroides" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="thomsoni">
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFEE1FC4DFE73FC4F" box="[369,632,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C. ruficroides thomsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFDEEFC52FEC3FC4F" bold="true" box="[638,712,911,936]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1C9D57A6FFED512EFDEEFC52FEC3FC4F" box="[638,712,911,936]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="subSpecies">n. ssp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="ADE12A4AFFED512EFD46FC52FF2DFC4F" box="[726,806,911,936]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="55.[151,234,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[354,1236,1149,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[340,1247,1146,1826]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="PLATE 6. Habitus of Craspedophorus strachani group V (Scale bar: 10 mm). 44. C. ruficroides ruficroides n. sp., HT (male); 45. C. ruficroides ruficroides n. sp., PT female, Guinea; 46. C. ruficroides thomsoni n. ssp., PT male, Central Africa; 47 C. ruficroides thomsoni n. ssp., PT, female, Cameroon, Centre; 48. C. ruficroides thomsoni n. ssp., HT (male); 49. C. congoanus Kolbe, 1883, female, DR Congo: Équateur (comparative type Basilewsky 1954); 50. C. congoanus Kolbe, 1883, male, DR Congo: Équateur; 51. C. congoanus Kolbe, 1883, female, DR Congo: Orientale; 52. C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987, HT (male); 53. C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987, female, DR Congo: Kasaï-Oriental; 54. C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987, male, Camerooon, West; 55. C. phenax Basilewsky, 1987, male, Camerooon, West." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010179/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plate 6</figureCitation>
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, Figs 46–48) occur in
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<collectingCountry id="4DCD765FFFED512EFB8FFC52F867FC4F" box="[1055,1132,911,936]" name="Gabon" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4DCD765FFFED512EFBE7FC52F8E7FC40" box="[1143,1260,911,935]" name="Cameroon" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4DCD765FFFED512EFADAFC52FD57FC2B" name="Central African Republic" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F71EF82DFFED512EFADAFC52F997FC4F" box="[1354,1436,911,936]" country="Zambia" name="Central" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
African Republic
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Its populations contain specimens larger than
|
||
<quantity id="F2229B2AFFED512EFCF4FC6EFFB9FC2C" box="[868,946,947,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(i. e. substantially larger than in Thomson’s description). Partially those could also concern smaller specimens from the same series which are here described as C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2DA4D4CFFED512EFF28FC26FD4FFBF3" ID-CoL="8M9K9" authority="Häckel, 2017" authorityName="Häckel" authorityYear="2017" box="[184,324,1019,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phenacoides" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFF28FC26FD4FFBF3" box="[184,324,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">phenacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFEDBFC26FD81FBF3" bold="true" box="[331,394,1019,1044]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1C9D57A6FFED512EFEDBFC26FD81FBF3" box="[331,394,1019,1044]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADE12A4AFFED512EFE09FC26FDE0FBF4" box="[409,491,1019,1044]" captionStart="PLATE 7" captionStartId="56.[151,234,819,841]" captionTargetBox="[349,1236,203,776]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[340,1247,193,798]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="PLATE 7. Habitus of Craspedophorus strachani group VI (Scale bar: 10 mm). 56. C. phenacoides n. sp., HT (male); 57. C. phenacoides n. sp., PT female, Cameroon, Centre; 58. C. lemariei n. sp., HT (male); 59 a. C. ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861) HT (female); b. C. ruficrus (Chaudoir, 1861), female, Guinea Equatorial; 60. C. dicranulothorax n. sp., HT (female); 61 a. C. glaber Bates, 1886, male, Cameroon, Southwest; b. C. glaber Bates, 1886, male, Cameroon, Centre (comparative type Basilewsky 1954); 62 a. C. glaber Bates, 1886, HT (female); b. C. glaber Bates, 1886, female, “ Old Calabar ” (labeled as C. lafertei, MNHN); 63. C. lafertei Murray, 1857, lectotype female, established by Basilewsky 1960; 64. C. lafertei Murray, 1857, female, “ W Africa ” (paralectotype established by Chaudoir 1879, MNHN); 65. C. dicranothorax (Alluaud, 1915), HT (male); 66. C. dicranothorax (Alluaud, 1915), female, Central Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1010181/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Plate 7</figureCitation>
|
||
, Figs 56–57), but their presence is only known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4DCD765FFFED512EFBD0FC26F8B0FBF4" box="[1088,1211,1019,1043]" name="Cameroon" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
.] In my opinion, the chance of finding Thomson’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA61886DFFED512EFE7FFBFDFE14FBDF" box="[495,543,1056,1080]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in future remains low. Therefore, I put the name out of the system as
|
||
<emphasis id="07AEEADDFFED512EFAC1FBFDFCE0FBBB" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |