562 lines
64 KiB
XML
562 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="B4DBF900805288A369ABE0DA7A039E80" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4226.4.3" ID-CLB-Dataset="37249" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4226.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1bb0d3bf-fac9-4d4c-8d95-af3e2f12ddeb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265090" ID-ZooBank="8753ADEF-2888-46CD-A6DE-6BDF9D3CE0DC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1485849020621" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2017" docId="6140B34B4B10044B1C97FDDDFAEDFC6D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4226.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4226 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Metisella Hemming 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="489" masterDocId="9D79CB334B1104491C00FFC4FFC0FFC9" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae" masterLastPageNumber="508" masterPageNumber="487" pageNumber="488" updateTime="1698436526237" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="99D8FF1ADEA8675FB091B0E8C5E6EC95">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5FBF851E4A7086191FD5311DED2C62F2">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E6FC765538FC9CFD401D963F228204EA">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="20B381658F18B6917AB012BCAF30C76C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2268C5FE7E71223A8113FD5F7691BA61">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6140B34B4B10044B1C97FDDDFAEDFC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669996" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127628014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6140B34B4B10044B1C97FDDDFAEDFC6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6140B34B4B10044B1C97FDDDFAEDFC6D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B1004481C97FDDDFAD2FCCA" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C97FDDDFE12FDFA" blockId="1.[151,466,537,563]" box="[151,466,537,563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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<heading id="B21EB5314B1004481C97FDDDFE12FDFA" bold="true" box="[151,466,537,563]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481C97FDDDFE12FDFA" ID-CoL="92FKQ" authority="Hemming, 1934" authorityName="Hemming" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,466,537,563]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C97FDDDFE12FDFA" bold="true" box="[151,466,537,563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C97FDDDFEC6FDFA" bold="true" box="[151,262,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481D0DFDDDFE12FDFA" author="Hemming" box="[269,466,537,563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Hemming, F. (1934) Some notes on the nomenclature of Palaearctic and African Rhopalocera. Stylops, 3, 97 - 99. http: // doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1934. tb 01555. x" type="journal article" year="1934">Hemming, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C97FD9EFAD2FCCA" blockId="1.[151,1436,602,1167]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481C97FD9EFE99FDBA" author="Hemming" box="[151,345,602,627]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Hemming, F. (1934) Some notes on the nomenclature of Palaearctic and African Rhopalocera. Stylops, 3, 97 - 99. http: // doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1934. tb 01555. x" type="journal article" year="1934">Hemming (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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introduced this genus name for the Afrotropical species which had previously been placed in the genera
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481CEBFDBAFE04FD5E" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[235,452,638,663]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cyclopides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481CEBFDBAFEA8FD5E" box="[235,360,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Cyclopides</emphasis>
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Hübner
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</taxonomicName>
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(a genus now restricted to the Palaearctic Region) and
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481846FDBBFB25FD5F" authority="Tutt" authorityName="Tutt" box="[1094,1253,639,662]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Watsonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481846FDBBFB6AFD5F" box="[1094,1194,639,662]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Watsonia</emphasis>
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Tutt
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</taxonomicName>
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(an unavailable homonym). The
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<typeStatus id="3652BCFF4B1004481D53FD67FE43FD72" box="[339,387,675,699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">type</typeStatus>
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species is
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DFCFD60FD20FD72" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[508,736,674,699]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DFCFD60FD9CFD72" box="[508,604,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">M. metis</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The genus is restricted to the African mainland (
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481908FD66FF12FD16" author="Ackery" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481964FD60FA55FD72" box="[1380,1429,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
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. 1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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), since although
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481D97FD03FD7CFD16" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[407,700,710,735]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malgacha">
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481D97FD03FDEDFD16" box="[407,557,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">M. malgacha</emphasis>
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(Boisduval)
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from
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<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B1004481FAFFD02FBF8FD16" box="[943,1080,710,735]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, this is considered a false
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<typeStatus id="3652BCFF4B100448196CFD03FA5CFD16" box="[1388,1436,711,735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">type</typeStatus>
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locality for this
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<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B1004481D49FD2EFE4AFCCA" box="[329,394,746,771]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">South</collectingRegion>
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African species (
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481E4DFD2FFD15FCCA" author="Evans" box="[589,725,747,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp. [30 plates.]" type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481EE0FD2EFCA5FCCA" author="Viette" box="[736,869,746,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Viette, P. (1956) Insectes. Lepidopteres Hesperiidae. Faune de Madagascar III. L'institut de Recherche scientifique, Tananahive-Tsimbazaza, Madagascar, 85 pp." type="book" year="1956">Viette 1956</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F70FD2EFB83FCCA" author="Ackery" box="[880,1091,746,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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||
Ackery
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481FC9FD28FC3AFCCA" box="[969,1018,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448184EFD2FFAC6FCCA" author="Lees" box="[1102,1286,746,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Lees, D. C., Kremen, C. & Raharitsimba, T. (2003) Classification, diversity, and endemism of the butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): a revised species checklist. In: Goodman, S. M. & Benstead, J. P. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 762 - 793." type="book chapter" year="2003">
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||
Lees
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B100448188AFD28FB7BFCCA" box="[1162,1211,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B1004481CC7FCCAFC66FAC7" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481CC7FCCAFF39FC5A" blockId="1.[151,1436,602,1167]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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The genus currently includes about 22 species, mostly occurring in eastern and southern Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481908FCCAFF13FC82" author="Ackery" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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||
Ackery
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<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481963FCCBFA55FCEE" box="[1379,1429,782,807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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). R. de Jong plans to complete a revision of the genus, which he started many years ago, and we can anticipate that although there will be significant taxonomic changes, it will be straightforward to relate our species to the revision.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481CC7FC5AFCE7FB46" blockId="1.[151,1436,602,1167]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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Several
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<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B1004481D23FC5AFEA4FC7E" box="[291,356,926,951]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">South</collectingRegion>
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African species have been reared from various grasses and one species from mountain bamboo (
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<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481CA0FC06FE5AFC12" box="[160,410,962,987]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bergbambos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viridiplantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Streptophyta" rank="species" species="tesselata">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481CA0FC06FE5AFC12" box="[160,410,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Bergbambos tesselata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<tableCitation id="A46B37E64B1004481DB7FC06FDD0FC12" box="[439,528,962,987]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1214,1237]" captionText="TABLE 1. Recorded Poaceae food plants of Metisella spp. from South Africa." pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
). In addition
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<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481EB7FC06FC8CFC12" author="Clark" box="[695,844,962,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Clark, G. C. (1940) On the life-histories of some South African Lepidoptera. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 3, 42 - 56. [plates I - VIII.]" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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||
provides a description and monotone plate of the complete life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DB4FC23FD5FFC36" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[436,671,998,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DB4FC23FDD8FC37" box="[436,536,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">M. metis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, G.C. Clark (in
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F5EFC22FBB2FC36" author="Dickson" box="[862,1138,998,1023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
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||
) provides detailed colour illustrations of the full life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481E2DFBCEFBD3FBEA" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[557,1043,1034,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="malgacha" subSpecies="malgacha">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481E2DFBCEFC43FBEA" box="[557,899,1034,1059]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella malgacha malgacha</emphasis>
|
||
(Boisduval)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B100448181FFBC8FEC5FB8E" authority="Evans, Henning et al. (1997)" authorityName="Evans, Henning et al." authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="metis" subSpecies="paris">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B100448181FFBC8FB03FBEA" box="[1055,1219,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">M. metis paris</emphasis>
|
||
Evans,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448191FFBCEFEC5FB8E" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book">
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||
Henning
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481988FBC8FF6DFB8E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include photographs of the caterpillar and pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481F42FBEBFB8BFB8E" box="[834,1099,1070,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="malgacha" subSpecies="malgacha">
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481F42FBEBFB8BFB8E" box="[834,1099,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">M. malgacha malgacha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481881FBEBFB28FB8F" box="[1153,1256,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481881FBEBFB24FB8F" box="[1153,1252,1071,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">M. metis</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
</emphasis>
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||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448191FFBEAFEE4FBA2" author="Henning" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A. & Roos, P. S. (2001) Threatened butterflies of South African wetlands. Metamorphosis, 12 (1), 26 - 33." type="journal article" year="2001">Henning & Roos (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481D5EFB97FDB3FBA2" author="Roos" box="[350,627,1106,1131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Roos, P. & Henning, G. (2002) The marsh sylph life history and description. Appendix 20 A. In: Bohlweki Environmental (Pty) Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Gautrain Rapid Rail Link between Johannesburg, Pretoria and Johannesburg International Airport. Folume 4 Biophysical Environment. Gauteng Department of Public Transport, Roads and Works, Marshalltown, South Africa, unpaginated, 8 pp. http: // www. gautrain. co. za / about / eia-emp / eia / draft-eia-report / (Accessed 16 Feb 2016)" type="book" year="2002">Roos & Henning (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
include a partial life history description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481866FB96FA58FBA2" authority="Trimen" authorityName="Trimen" box="[1126,1432,1106,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meninx">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481866FB96FAE8FBA2" box="[1126,1320,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella meninx</emphasis>
|
||
(Trimen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter with photographs of the ova and first two instars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BD9652D54B1004481C97FB7AFC1DFB1C" box="[151,989,1213,1237]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C97FB7AFC1DFB1C" blockId="1.[151,989,1213,1237]" box="[151,989,1213,1237]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C97FB7AFEC3FB1C" bold="true" box="[151,259,1214,1237]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481D7DFB7AFE14FB1C" box="[381,468,1214,1237]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
food plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481E76FB79FD19FB1C" box="[630,729,1213,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481E76FB79FD19FB1C" box="[630,729,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. from South Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481CA5FB32FC66FAC7" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[165,934,1270,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481CA5FB32FC66FAC7" bold="true" box="[165,934,1270,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481CA5FB32FECAFAC7" box="[165,266,1270,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481CA5FB32FECAFAC7" bold="true" box="[165,266,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Food plants References
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B1004481C9FFADAFD72F862" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C9FFADAFB65FAFD" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[159,1189,1310,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481C9FFADAFC6CFAFD" ID-CoL="42G3V" authority="Grasses Murray 1959" authorityName="Grasses Murray" authorityYear="1959" box="[159,940,1310,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malgacha">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C9FFADAFEA7FAFD" box="[159,359,1310,1332]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella malgacha</emphasis>
|
||
Grasses
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24FADBFC6CFAFD" author="Murray" box="[804,940,1310,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Murray, D. (1959) The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates, 5, 219 - 227. [plates i - iii.]" type="journal article" year="1959">Murray 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481FB6FADAFB65FAFD" author="Dickson" box="[950,1189,1310,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C9FFAF9FABBFA97" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[159,1403,1341,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481C9FFAF9FE40FA9A" ID-CoL="42G3V" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[159,384,1341,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malgacha">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C9FFAF9FEC3FA9A" box="[159,259,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">malgacha</emphasis>
|
||
(Boisduval)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEFA8CFC6CFA97" ID-CoL="38V3B" authority="Murray 1959" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1959" box="[462,940,1352,1374]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEFA8CFDAFFA97" box="[462,623,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24FA8DFC6CFA97" author="Murray" box="[804,940,1352,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Murray, D. (1959) The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates, 5, 219 - 227. [plates i - iii.]" type="journal article" year="1959">Murray 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481FB6FA8CFB68FA97" author="Dickson" box="[950,1192,1352,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B10044818B2FA8CFAB7FA97" author="Henning" box="[1202,1399,1352,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B100448190FFA8DFAFCFA97" box="[1295,1340,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481F24FAA2FC7FFAB5" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[804,959,1382,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24FAA2FC7FFAB5" author="Woodhall" box="[804,959,1382,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C9FFA54FB4FFA6F" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[159,1167,1424,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481C9FFA54FD8EFA6F" ID-CoL="42G3X" authority="(Trimen) Unidentified" authorityName="(Trimen) Unidentified" box="[159,590,1424,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meninx">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C9FFA54FE8CFA6F" box="[159,332,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella meninx</emphasis>
|
||
(Trimen) Unidentified
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
marsh grass
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F23FA54FC29FA6F" author="Henning" box="[803,1001,1424,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481F81FA55FC6EFA6F" box="[897,942,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481FF4FA54FB4FFA6F" author="Woodhall" box="[1012,1167,1424,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481DCEFA7EFBC8FA06" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[462,1032,1465,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEFA7EFBC8FA06" ID-CoL="3SX6S" authority="Henning & Roos 2001" authorityName="Henning & Roos" authorityYear="2001" box="[462,1032,1465,1487]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Leersia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEFA7EFD40FA06" box="[462,640,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Leersia hexandra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24FA7DFBC8FA06" author="Henning" box="[804,1032,1465,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A. & Roos, P. S. (2001) Threatened butterflies of South African wetlands. Metamorphosis, 12 (1), 26 - 33." type="journal article" year="2001">Henning & Roos 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C9FFA27FB5BFA30" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[159,1179,1507,1529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481C9FFA27FC4DFA30" ID-CoL="42G3Y" authority="(Cramer) Grasses Platt 1921" authorityName="(Cramer) Grasses Platt" authorityYear="1921" box="[159,909,1507,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C9FFA27FEF9FA30" box="[159,313,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella metis</emphasis>
|
||
(Cramer) Grasses
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F23FA27FC4DFA30" author="Platt" box="[803,909,1507,1529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Platt, E. E. (1921) List of foodplants of some South African lepidopterous larvae. South African Journal of Natural History, 3, 65 - 138." type="journal article" year="1921">Platt 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F98FA27FBCBFA30" author="Clark" box="[920,1035,1507,1529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Clark, G. C. (1940) On the life-histories of some South African Lepidoptera. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 3, 42 - 56. [plates I - VIII.]" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481815FA20FB5BFA30" author="Murray" box="[1045,1179,1507,1529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Murray, D. (1959) The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates, 5, 219 - 227. [plates i - iii.]" type="journal article" year="1959">Murray 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481DCEF9C8FBD9F918" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEF9C8FC6CF9EB" ID-CoL="38V3B" authority="Murray 1959" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1959" box="[462,940,1548,1570]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEF9C8FDAFF9EB" box="[462,623,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24F9C9FC6CF9EB" author="Murray" box="[804,940,1548,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Murray, D. (1959) The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates, 5, 219 - 227. [plates i - iii.]" type="journal article" year="1959">Murray 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481FB5F9C8FB66F9EB" author="Dickson" box="[949,1190,1548,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B10044818B0F9C8FAFEF9EB" author="Migdoll" box="[1200,1342,1548,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Migdoll, I. (1988) Ivor Migdoll's Field Guide to the Butterflies of Southern Africa. New Holland Press, London, 256 pp." type="book" year="1988">Migdoll 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481947F9C8FC52F988" author="Pringle" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. & Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
|
||
Pringle
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481F24F9E8FC90F988" box="[804,848,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F9CF9EFFBA2F988" author="Henning" box="[924,1122,1579,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481FFAF9E8FBE7F988" box="[1018,1063,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448186DF9EFFAC8F988" author="Woodhall" box="[1133,1288,1579,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEF990FC6CF9A3" ID-CoL="525TZ" authority="Murray 1959" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1959" box="[462,940,1620,1642]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stenotaphrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="secundatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEF990FD1AF9A3" box="[462,730,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Stenotaphrum secundatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24F991FC6CF9A3" author="Murray" box="[804,940,1620,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Murray, D. (1959) The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates, 5, 219 - 227. [plates i - iii.]" type="journal article" year="1959">Murray 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481FB5F990FB66F9A3" author="Dickson" box="[949,1190,1620,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B10044818B0F990FAFEF9A3" author="Migdoll" box="[1200,1342,1620,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Migdoll, I. (1988) Ivor Migdoll's Field Guide to the Butterflies of Southern Africa. New Holland Press, London, 256 pp." type="book" year="1988">Migdoll 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pringle (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DE5F9B7FD93F940" ID-CoL="8X74D" box="[485,595,1651,1673]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stenotaphrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DE5F9B7FD93F940" box="[485,595,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">S. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481E61F9B7FD2EF940" ID-CoL="525TP" box="[609,750,1651,1673]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stenotaphrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimidiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481E61F9B7FD2EF940" box="[609,750,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">S. dimidiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481F24F9B0FC90F940" box="[804,848,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F9CF9B7FBA2F940" author="Henning" box="[924,1122,1651,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481FFAF9B0FBE7F940" box="[1018,1063,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448186DF9B7FAC8F940" author="Woodhall" box="[1133,1288,1651,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEF959FBD5F97B" ID-CoL="4CDHM" authority="Dickson & Kroon 1978" authorityName="Dickson & Kroon" authorityYear="1978" box="[462,1045,1692,1714]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEF959FD42F97B" box="[462,642,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Panicum deustum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24F958FBD5F97B" author="Dickson" box="[804,1045,1692,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448181FF958FB1DF97B" author="Pringle" box="[1055,1245,1692,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. & Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
|
||
Pringle
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B100448186FF959FB5BF97B" box="[1135,1179,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B10044818E7F958FCB3F918" author="Henning" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481945F959FCF8F918" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F7EF97FFBD9F918" author="Woodhall" box="[894,1049,1723,1745]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481DCEF921FB4FF8D0" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEF921FBD5F933" ID-CoL="52QWW" authority="Dickson & Kroon 1978" authorityName="Dickson & Kroon" authorityYear="1978" box="[462,1045,1764,1786]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dregeana">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEF921FDA6F933" box="[462,614,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Stipa dregeana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24F920FBD5F933" author="Dickson" box="[804,1045,1764,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448181FF920FB6DF933" author="Migdoll" box="[1055,1197,1764,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Migdoll, I. (1988) Ivor Migdoll's Field Guide to the Butterflies of Southern Africa. New Holland Press, London, 256 pp." type="book" year="1988">Migdoll 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B10044818B7F920FAB6F933" author="Pringle" box="[1207,1398,1764,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. & Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
|
||
Pringle
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481907F921FAF3F933" box="[1287,1331,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24F8C7FC29F8D0" author="Henning" box="[804,1001,1795,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481F81F8C0FC6EF8D0" box="[897,942,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481FF4F8C7FB4FF8D0" author="Woodhall" box="[1012,1167,1795,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481DCEF8EBFB4FF88B" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[462,1167,1835,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEF8EBFD53F88D" ID-CoL="4X2GH" box="[462,659,1838,1860]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megaphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEF8EBFD53F88D" box="[462,659,1838,1860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Setaria megaphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24F8E8FC29F88B" author="Henning" box="[804,1001,1836,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481F81F8E9FC6EF88B" box="[897,942,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481FF4F8E8FB4FF88B" author="Woodhall" box="[1012,1167,1836,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C9FF89CFA51F8A7" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" box="[159,1425,1880,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481C9FF89CFE62F8A7" ID-CoL="42G46" authority="Trimen" authorityName="Trimen" box="[159,418,1880,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syrinx">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481C9FF89CFE81F8A7" box="[159,321,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Metisella syrinx</emphasis>
|
||
(Trimen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEF89CFBD4F8A7" authority="Dickson & Kroon 1978" authorityName="Dickson & Kroon" authorityYear="1978" box="[462,1044,1880,1902]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bergbambos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viridiplantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Streptophyta" rank="species" species="tesselata">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEF89CFD6CF8A7" box="[462,684,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Bergbambos tesselata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F24F89CFBD4F8A7" author="Dickson" box="[804,1044,1880,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B100448181DF89CFAE6F8A7" author="Henning" box="[1053,1318,1880,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, S. F. & Henning, G. A. (1989) South African red data book butterflies. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 158. Foundation for Research Development, Council for Scientifc and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 175 pp." type="book" year="1989">Henning & Henning 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pringle
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B100448197FF89DFA51F8A7" box="[1407,1425,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481DCEF8B2FD72F862" blockId="1.[159,1425,1270,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DEBF8B2FD3BF845" box="[491,763,1910,1932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Thamnocalamus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DEBF8B2FD3BF845" box="[491,763,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Thamnocalamus tesselatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481F24F8B2FCF8F845" box="[804,824,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481F84F8B2FB89F845" author="Henning" box="[900,1097,1910,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481FE1F8BCFBCEF845" box="[993,1038,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B1004481854F8B2FB2FF845" author="Woodhall" box="[1108,1263,1910,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DCEF851FD6AF862" box="[462,682,1941,1963]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tesselata">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DCEF851FD6AF862" box="[462,682,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Arundinaria tesselata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1F351D64B10044B1C97F808FAEDFC6D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B1004481C97F808FD22F82C" blockId="1.[151,738,1996,2021]" box="[151,738,1996,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
|
||
1This may be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B1004481DC0F80AFD1EF82C" authority="Tropicos 2016" authorityName="Tropicos" authorityYear="2016" box="[448,734,1997,2021]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B1004481DC0F80AFDE8F82C" box="[448,552,1997,2021]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">S. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
(Tropicos 2016)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B13044B1CC7FF53FE00FD4C" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Little was documented about the biology of this genus in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B13044B1F60FF5CFC50FF66" box="[864,912,152,175]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">East</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa until we started our studies.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1930FF5CFF21FF1C" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Le Pelley, R. H. (1959) Agricultural insects of East Africa. East Africa High Commission, Nairobi, Kenya, 307 pp." type="book">Le Pelley (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1D76FF78FE1FFF1C" box="[374,479,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1D76FF78FE1FFF1C" box="[374,479,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Metisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in his list of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B13044B1EACFF79FD1CFF1D" box="[684,732,189,212]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">East</collectingRegion>
|
||
African agricultural pests, nor did
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B186CFF79FA95FF1D" box="[1132,1365,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Van Someren, V. G. L. (1974) List of foodplants of some East African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 28, 315 - 331." type="journal article">Van Someren (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his catalogue of the food plants of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B13044B1E18FF24FD88FF3E" box="[536,584,224,247]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">East</collectingRegion>
|
||
African butterflies. In his list of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B13044B1FE4FF24FBD4FF3E" box="[996,1044,224,247]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">East</collectingRegion>
|
||
African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1884FF1BFACBFF31" box="[1156,1291,223,248]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
food plants
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1C97FEC0FEB2FED4" author="Sevastopulo" box="[151,370,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 131 - 132. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." type="journal article" year="1975">Sevastopulo (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave the food plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1E88FEC1FCC1FED4" box="[648,769,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1E88FEC1FCC1FED4" box="[648,769,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. willemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1F39FEC1FC5BFED5" box="[825,923,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1F39FEC1FC5BFED5" box="[825,923,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. metis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as ‘grasses generally’; it is not clear what he meant when he listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1D97FEEDFE3BFE89" box="[407,507,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1D97FEEDFE3BFE89" box="[407,507,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. metis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as this is a species restricted to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B13044B1F79FEE3FBCCFE89" box="[889,1036,295,320]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B13044B1F79FEE3FC7BFE89" box="[889,955,295,320]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B181DFEE3FB3DFE89" author="Ackery" box="[1053,1277,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Ackery
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B187CFEEDFB6FFE89" box="[1148,1199,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1913FEE3FF21FEAD" author="Sevastopulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1981) A second list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 40, 48 - 55." type="journal article" year="1981">Sevastopulo (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added no further records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1E27FE88FD4FFEAC" box="[551,655,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1E27FE88FD4FFEAC" box="[551,655,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Metisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in his second list, and he did not document the life history of any in his rearing (Sevastopulo unpublished).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1E6DFEABFCDFFE41" author="Kielland" box="[621,799,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that ‘little is known of the early stages, but many, if not all, may feed on grasses’ although he only gives one substantive record, i.e. grasses for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B18ACFE51FAE5FE64" box="[1196,1317,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B18ACFE51FAE5FE64" box="[1196,1317,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. willemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, doubtless taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1D1FFE73FDC1FE19" author="Sevastopulo" box="[287,513,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 131 - 132. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, 45 - 50; 37, 147 - 172, 202 - 216." type="journal article" year="1975">Sevastopulo (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1E0FFE7CFD70FE19" author="Larsen" box="[527,688,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was able to include some of MJWC’s food plant records in his
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1C97FE18FEB6FE3D" box="[151,374,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Butterflies of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B13044B1D2EFE19FEB6FE3D" box="[302,374,477,500]" name="Kenya" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and based on these and the records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B13044B1F4AFE18FC1AFE3C" box="[842,986,476,501]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B13044B1F4AFE18FC4BFE3C" box="[842,907,476,501]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="A46B37E64B13044B1FE8FE18FBFAFE3D" box="[1000,1082,476,501]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1214,1237]" captionText="TABLE 1. Recorded Poaceae food plants of Metisella spp. from South Africa." pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) concluded that the food plants are always grasses and bamboos, which he considered ‘almost certainly’ the case in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B187BFDC4FAE0FDD1" author="Larsen" box="[1147,1312,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1C97FDE0FEB4FDF5" box="[151,372,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book">
|
||
Heath
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1CE4FDE1FED7FDF4" box="[228,279,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate the food plants for all eight species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1FA7FDE0FBCFFDF4" box="[935,1039,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1FA7FDE0FBCFFDF4" box="[935,1039,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Metisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B13044B1839FDE0FB4EFDF4" box="[1081,1166,548,573]" name="Zambia" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are ‘presumably grass,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1C97FD83FF3EFDA9" box="[151,254,583,608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1C97FD83FF3EFDA9" box="[151,254,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Ehrharta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species’. The published observations to date offer no reason to doubt the conclusion that this is a genus of grass and bamboo feeders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B13044B1CC7FD4BFAF6FCDD" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
This genus includes eight species found in the wooded highland areas of Kenya.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="598108004B13044B184BFD54FAF6FCDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426520776" country="Kenya" location="Kakamega" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kakamega">
|
||
One species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B18DEFD55FF0FFD04" authority="De Jong" authorityName="De Jong" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakamega">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B18DEFD55FAB5FD61" box="[1246,1397,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. kakamega</emphasis>
|
||
De Jong
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a Kenyan endemic known only from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1E97FD70FCCFFD04" box="[663,783,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakamega">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2B2DCCBF4B13044B1E97FD70FCCFFD04" box="[663,783,692,717]" country="Kenya" name="Kakamega" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Kakamega</collectingRegion>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forest where it is rare and/or localised. Several others are localised on particular mountain ranges. We have reared six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1F49FD13FC71FD39" box="[841,945,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1F49FD13FC71FD39" box="[841,945,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Metisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B13044B180FFD1CFB98FD39" box="[1039,1112,728,752]" name="Kenya" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="91FE42CD4B13044B1892FD13FB39FD39" box="[1170,1273,727,752]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and observed oviposition by a seventh. These partial life histories include five of the eight Kenyan species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B18C7FD38FAEFFCDC" box="[1223,1327,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B18C7FD38FAEFFCDC" box="[1223,1327,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Metisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E956025D4B13044B1CC7FCE4FAEDFC6D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
In South Africa, recorded parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1EAAFCE5FC66FCFE" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" box="[682,934,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Metisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="metis" subSpecies="paris">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1EAAFCE5FC96FCF1" box="[682,854,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. metis paris</emphasis>
|
||
Evans
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1811FCDBFBBFFCF1" box="[1041,1151,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1811FCDBFBBFFCF1" box="[1041,1151,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Apanteles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B18BFFCE5FE68FC94" authority="Szepligeti" authorityName="Szepligeti" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Meteorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B18BFFCE5FA5CFCF1" box="[1215,1436,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Meteorus testaceus</emphasis>
|
||
Szepligeti (Braconidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as late larval parasitoids, and two tachinids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1FDFFC80FAA4FC94" authority="Wiedemann" authorityName="Wiedemann" box="[991,1380,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Nemorilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1FDFFC80FB7CFC95" box="[991,1212,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Nemorilla cruciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Wiedemann)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1C97FCA3FE55FC49" box="[151,405,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Theocarcelia incedens</emphasis>
|
||
(Rondoni) as larval-pupal parasitoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1F55FCA3FB15FC49" author="Dickson" box="[853,1237,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978, Plate 21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The last named has also been reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1DBDFC48FD27FC6C" authority="Wallengren" authorityName="Wallengren" box="[445,743,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Spialia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferax">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB9DDE4F4B13044B1DBDFC48FD8EFC6D" box="[445,590,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Spialia ferax</emphasis>
|
||
(Wallengren)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pyrginae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE979DE4B13044B1F68FC48FC3CFC6C" box="[872,1020,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Carcharodini">Carcharodini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D787FAC4B13044B1812FC48FAE0FC6D" author="Dickson" box="[1042,1312,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |