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<document id="3DDE705EE6E1271CB907413F546B3E5A" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2" ID-CLB-Dataset="37382" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf7cfc3b-c109-4db9-ad25-e77b8d10e4cc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215001" ID-ZooBank="32BF47BA-AFE5-4C6F-816F-1EAECB3DA3BB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1482305092277" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kozłowska, Anna" docDate="2016" docId="5F6B647FCB46FFC41ACDDCFD3F1237E2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4208.6.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4208 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Semigothograptus meganassa Rickards &amp; Palmer 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="538" masterDocId="A3521C07CB44FFC01A5ADA3D3A023511" masterDocTitle="A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)" masterLastPageNumber="546" masterPageNumber="534" pageNumber="536" updateTime="1698435277160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="963098162A2E40F3674DB7669D369661">A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5F6B647FCB46FFC41ACDDCFD3F1237E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670208" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125415185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F6B647FCB46FFC41ACDDCFD3F1237E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F6B647FCB46FFC41ACDDCFD3F1237E2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
<subSubSection id="9FD886E2CB46FFC21ACDDCFD3BCD33ED" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB46FFC21ACDDCFD395733CA" blockId="2.[151,853,1728,1789]" box="[151,853,1728,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
<heading id="8C356205CB46FFC21ACDDCFD395733CA" bold="true" box="[151,853,1728,1755]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB46FFC21ACDDCFD395733CA" authority="Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002" authorityName="Rickards &amp; Palmer" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,853,1728,1755]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21ACDDCFD395733CA" bold="true" box="[151,853,1728,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21ACDDCFD3BFD33CB" bold="true" box="[151,511,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB46FFC21855DCFC394F33CA" author="Rickards" box="[527,845,1729,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" refString="Rickards, R. B. &amp; Palmer, D. C. (2002) Gothograptus? meganassa sp. nov., an unusually large retiolitid graptoloid from the Late Wenlock ludensis Biozone of Long Mountain, Shropshire, UK. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="2002">Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB46FFC21ACDDCD93BCD33ED" blockId="2.[151,853,1728,1789]" box="[151,463,1764,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
(
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB46FFC21AC5DCD93AE033ED" box="[159,226,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[264,1385,182,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[199,1390,159,1869]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tubaria of A C. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and D. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002) from dubius / nassa Biozone, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland. A. Gothograptus nassa, obverse view of mature tubarium with destroyed distal end, long morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 5, 1655.8 m, B. latero-ventral view of mature tubarium with appendix, short morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 8, 1658.8 m, C. long appendix, ZPAL G. 54 / 10, 1656.8 m. D. Semigothograptus meganassa, obverse view, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Figs 1</figureCitation>
D, 2B, 3, 4B, 7AD)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9FD886E2CB46FFC21ACDDD1139AA3271" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB46FFC21ACDDD1139AA3271" blockId="2.[151,1375,1836,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
2001
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB46FFC21A8ADD11381E3253" authority="Holm, 1890" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" box="[208,540,1836,1858]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21A8ADD113B9F3253" box="[208,413,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB46FFC21BF8DD11381E3253" author="Holm" box="[418,540,1836,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" refString="Holm, G. (1890) Gotlands graptoliter. Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens handlingar, 16, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1890">Holm, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(wide form)—Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, Lenz &amp; Štorch, pp. 151152, fig. 4:
<date id="A37CF3A9CB46FFC21F40DD113AC83271" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" value="2002-12-11">1112. 2002</date>
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB46FFC21A8ADD773B5E3271" box="[208,348,1866,1888]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21A8ADD773B5E3271" box="[208,348,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Gothograptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB46FFC21B34DD7638AA3271" authority="Rickards &amp; Palmer" authorityName="Rickards &amp; Palmer" box="[366,680,1866,1888]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21B34DD763BDC3271" box="[366,478,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">meganassa</emphasis>
Rickards &amp; Palmer
</taxonomicName>
, pp. 228231, text-fig. 4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9FD886E2CB46FFC21ACDDDB03E0832B7" box="[151,1034,1933,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB46FFC21ACDDDB03E0832B7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1933,2030]" box="[151,1034,1933,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21ACDDDB03B1332B7" bold="true" box="[151,273,1933,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Genicular hoods of
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB46FFC21BAFDDB3383732B4" box="[501,565,1934,1957]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21BAFDDB3383732B4" box="[501,565,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">nassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type, reticulum dense in mature colonies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9FD886E2CB46FFC31A9DDD8C380F3475" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB46FFC31A9DDD8C380F3475" blockId="2.[151,1436,1933,2030]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB46FFC21A9DDD8C3B3432DB" bold="true" box="[199,310,1969,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Material.</emphasis>
Four fragments of isolated tubaria with up to six pairs of thecae, from laminated marls, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth
<quantity id="103A788CCB46FFC21BD6DDE83BF432FC" box="[396,502,2005,2030]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6492" pageId="2" pageNumber="536" unit="m" value="1649.2">1649.2 m</quantity>
and 1649.0 m, geographical coordinates 54˚14 N, 20˚57S,
<collectingCountry id="AFD595F9CB46FFC21EFADDE83EF232FF" box="[1184,1264,2005,2030]" name="Poland" pageId="2" pageNumber="536">Poland</collectingCountry>
, eastern part of Baltica, East European Platform. Based on flattened graptolites
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB47FFC319DADAAA3E3C35A1" author="Tomczyk" box="[896,1086,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" refString="Tomczyk, H. (1974) Bartoszyce IG- 1, Goldap IG- 1. In: Modlinski, Z. (Ed.), Profile glebokich otworow wiertniczych Instytutu Geologicznego, 14, pp. 1 - 362." type="journal article" year="1974">Tomczyk (1974)</bibRefCitation>
assigned the interval 1636.5 1650.0 m to the
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31B14DA813BA135C5" box="[334,419,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB47FFC31B14DA813B9435C5" box="[334,406,188,212]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
/
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB47FFC31BF9DA81384A35C4" authority="Biozone" authorityName="Biozone" box="[419,584,188,213]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31BF9DA813BE235C5" box="[419,480,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">nassa</emphasis>
Biozone
</taxonomicName>
, upper Homerian, Wenlock. The material comes from the uppermost part of the
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31A99DADD3B1A35E9" box="[195,280,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB47FFC31A99DADD3B0935E9" box="[195,267,224,248]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
/
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB47FFC31B42DADD3BF835E9" authority="Biozone. The" authorityName="Biozone. The" box="[280,506,223,248]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31B42DADD3B5735E9" box="[280,341,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">nassa</emphasis>
Biozone. The
</taxonomicName>
studied material was isolated from the rock though slow dissolution in 1030% hydrochloric acid (HCl), for cleaning specimens with sediment attached 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) was used. Specimens are stored in glycerine in plastic containers, and on SEM stubs in the Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="D77DD569CB47FFC31ACDD92538E6367A" blockId="3.[151,1436,792,875]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31ACDD9253B12363F" bold="true" box="[151,272,792,814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Proximal ends showing ancora umbrella looping meshes of A.
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB47FFC319E3D9253F0C363F" authority="Holm, 1890" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" box="[953,1294,792,815]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC319E3D9253E8B363E" box="[953,1161,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
Holm, 1890
</taxonomicName>
early growth stage, ZPAL G.54/7, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m; B.
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB47FFC31917D90A3F9A365C" authority="Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002" authorityName="Rickards &amp; Palmer" authorityYear="2002" box="[845,1432,823,845]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31917D90A3E7F365C" box="[845,1149,823,845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
(Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
, ZPAL G.54/1, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="83BD85E1CB47FFC31ACDDCA939B733F9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215004/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" targetBox="[172,1376,913,1635]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB47FFC31ACDDCA939B733F9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1684,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31ACDDCA93B0F33BB" bold="true" box="[151,269,1684,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Light photos of
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB47FFC31BE7DCA93E0A33BB" authority="Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002" authorityName="Rickards &amp; Palmer" authorityYear="2002" box="[445,1032,1684,1706]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31BE7DCA938EF33BB" box="[445,749,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
(Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
, specimen broken into two parts, ZPAL G.54/2, Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m; A. with sediment before cleaning in HF; BC. two sides of lower part of the fragment after cleaning in HF. Abbreviation: lat. ap. rod—lateral apertural rod.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="9FD886E2CB47FFC41A9DDD293F1237E2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" type="description">
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB47FFC31A9DDD2939AF32D4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1812,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB47FFC31A9DDD293B5B323C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1812,1837]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">Description.</emphasis>
Length of immature tubarium with proximal end, ZPAL G.54/1, consisting of four pairs of thecae is
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31AEEDD063B0C3242" box="[180,270,1851,1876]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB47FFC31B7BDD063B663245" box="[289,356,1851,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[264,1385,182,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[199,1390,159,1869]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tubaria of A C. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and D. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002) from dubius / nassa Biozone, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland. A. Gothograptus nassa, obverse view of mature tubarium with destroyed distal end, long morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 5, 1655.8 m, B. latero-ventral view of mature tubarium with appendix, short morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 8, 1658.8 m, C. long appendix, ZPAL G. 54 / 10, 1656.8 m. D. Semigothograptus meganassa, obverse view, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215002/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). The distance from the ancora umbrella rim to the lip of th1 1 is
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31ED9DD013EC93242" box="[1155,1227,1852,1876]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
. Length of lateral apertural rods increases gradually from
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31806DD5D38C33266" box="[604,705,1888,1912]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.399999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.94">0.94 mm</quantity>
in the first theca up to
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31994DD5D3E273266" box="[974,1061,1888,1912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
in the fourth. Width of tubarium measured between thecal lip and lateral apertural rod also increases distally. Width of tubarium on the th1 1 level is
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31ACDDD903AED32D4" box="[151,239,1965,1989]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, on th2 1 is
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31B3CDD903BBC32D4" box="[358,446,1965,1989]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, on th3 1 is
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31863DD90389332D4" box="[569,657,1965,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
, and th4 1 level is
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31915DD9039AA32D4" box="[847,936,1965,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB47FFC31A9DDDEC3F9932FB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1812,2026]" box="[199,1435,2001,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="537">
Specimen ZPAL G.54/2, representing possibly a more distal part of tubarium, is parallel-sided, about
<quantity id="103A788CCB47FFC31F43DDEC3F5A32F8" box="[1305,1368,2001,2025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB40FFC41A9DDAAA3E63340E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
The proximal ventral orifices are of triangular shape (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41975DAAA397335A1" box="[815,881,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[264,1385,182,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[199,1390,159,1869]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tubaria of A C. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and D. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002) from dubius / nassa Biozone, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland. A. Gothograptus nassa, obverse view of mature tubarium with destroyed distal end, long morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 5, 1655.8 m, B. latero-ventral view of mature tubarium with appendix, short morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 8, 1658.8 m, C. long appendix, ZPAL G. 54 / 10, 1656.8 m. D. Semigothograptus meganassa, obverse view, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D, 4B). The proximal lateral orifices are located centrally, between looping meshes of the ancora umbrella. The looping meshes are developed on both sides of tubarium forming a wavy shape of the ancora umbrella rim (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41938DADF39AC35EA" box="[866,942,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,792,814]" captionTargetBox="[395,1200,433,756]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[373,1212,409,769]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proximal ends showing ancora umbrella looping meshes of A. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 early growth stage, ZPAL G. 54 / 7, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m; B. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002), ZPAL G. 54 / 1, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC419E4DADE39CC35EA" box="[958,974,227,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[194,1377,347,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[194,1394,334,1594]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the main structures of tubaria used in this study. A. Papiliograptus papilio Lenz &amp; Kozłowska- Dawidziuk, 2002, Šiupyliai- 69 borehole, Lithuania; B. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002), ZPAL G. 54 / 1, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m; C-D. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890, C. young colony, reverse side, ZPAL G. 54 / 4, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m, D. mature colony with broken distal end, obverse side, ZPAL G. 54 / 5, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth, 1655.8 m. Scale 1 mm for all pictures. Abbreviations: anc. — ancora, sl. — sleeve, umbr. — umbrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215005/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">4</figureCitation>
B). They are smaller on the th1 1 side of tubarium (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41B51DB3B3B52340E" box="[267,336,262,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,792,814]" captionTargetBox="[395,1200,433,756]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[373,1212,409,769]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proximal ends showing ancora umbrella looping meshes of A. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 early growth stage, ZPAL G. 54 / 7, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m; B. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002), ZPAL G. 54 / 1, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). Within the looping meshes are some thin additional lists (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC419A6DB3B3E42340E" box="[1020,1088,262,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,792,814]" captionTargetBox="[395,1200,433,756]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[373,1212,409,769]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proximal ends showing ancora umbrella looping meshes of A. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 early growth stage, ZPAL G. 54 / 7, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m; B. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002), ZPAL G. 54 / 1, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215003/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB40FFC41A9DDB1739FA34BE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
Inside specimen ZPAL G. 54/2 there is a free list, which may represent a fragment of the free virgella or nema (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41AC5DB733AE03476" box="[159,226,334,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[172,1376,913,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,873,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light photos of Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002), specimen broken into two parts, ZPAL G. 54 / 2, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m; A. with sediment before cleaning in HF; B C. two sides of lower part of the fragment after cleaning in HF. Abbreviation: lat. ap. rod—lateral apertural rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215004/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). Lateral apertural rods (pleural lists of
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB40FFC418E3DB7339D03476" author="Rickards" box="[697,978,334,359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" refString="Rickards, R. B. &amp; Palmer, D. C. (2002) Gothograptus? meganassa sp. nov., an unusually large retiolitid graptoloid from the Late Wenlock ludensis Biozone of Long Mountain, Shropshire, UK. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="2002">Rickards &amp; Palmer 2002</bibRefCitation>
) are long, and distinctly convex towards the longitudinal axis of the lateral walls. Clathrial lists of the lateral walls of tubarium are relatively thin, oblique, going from lateral apertural rod to lateral apertural rod of tubarium (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC419C8DBAB39D434BE" box="[914,982,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[194,1377,347,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[194,1394,334,1594]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the main structures of tubaria used in this study. A. Papiliograptus papilio Lenz &amp; Kozłowska- Dawidziuk, 2002, Šiupyliai- 69 borehole, Lithuania; B. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002), ZPAL G. 54 / 1, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m; C-D. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890, C. young colony, reverse side, ZPAL G. 54 / 4, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1656.8 m, D. mature colony with broken distal end, obverse side, ZPAL G. 54 / 5, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth, 1655.8 m. Scale 1 mm for all pictures. Abbreviations: anc. — ancora, sl. — sleeve, umbr. — umbrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215005/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB40FFC41A9DDB873B993772" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
Thecal apertures are almost rectangular. Genicular hoods are of
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB40FFC419F4DB8639EC34C3" box="[942,1006,443,466]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="538" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB40FFC419F4DB8639EC34C3" box="[942,1006,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">nassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type. On the immature specimen the hoods are present on the first thecae, becoming larger in the medial part of tubarium and absent in the two distal growing thecae (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41B08D83F3B94370A" box="[338,406,514,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[264,1385,182,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[199,1390,159,1869]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tubaria of A C. Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and D. Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002) from dubius / nassa Biozone, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland. A. Gothograptus nassa, obverse view of mature tubarium with destroyed distal end, long morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 5, 1655.8 m, B. latero-ventral view of mature tubarium with appendix, short morphotype, ZPAL G. 54 / 8, 1658.8 m, C. long appendix, ZPAL G. 54 / 10, 1656.8 m. D. Semigothograptus meganassa, obverse view, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Figs 1</figureCitation>
D, 4B). In some thecae there are some narrow open spaces between bandages, possibly due to taphonomic changes (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41BF2D81B3BE8372E" box="[424,490,550,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002). A D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259255/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
AD). Some irregular bandages are secreted on the outer surface of the upper part of the hoods (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41B48D8773B563772" box="[274,340,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002). A D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259255/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB40FFC41A9DD853394A37BA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">
The largest specimen, of six pairs of thecae, is preserved in two fragments with no proximal end (
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB40FFC41F4CD8533F583796" box="[1302,1370,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[172,1376,913,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,873,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light photos of Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards &amp; Palmer, 2002), specimen broken into two parts, ZPAL G. 54 / 2, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, depth 1649.2 m; A. with sediment before cleaning in HF; B C. two sides of lower part of the fragment after cleaning in HF. Abbreviation: lat. ap. rod—lateral apertural rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215004/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The specimen possibly represents the medial part of the tubarium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB40FFC41A9DD88B3F1237E2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="538">The reticulum of the tubarium is composed of thin lists, dense in the proximal and medial part of the growing colony, becoming weaker distally, and not developed in the most distal immature part of the tubarium.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>