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<document id="8CFC69536FDE3E726EF978527E92A3E2" ID-CLB-Dataset="9277" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4895.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="020059ec-0af5-44c5-8eb0-6a2874d9197d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322473" ID-ZooBank="77117CFB-AD8E-4066-819F-FA81D3D589B7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608025080741" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lawrence, John F." docDate="2020" docId="3735BF36A00A5D77FF4696CC7637FE40" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4895.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4895 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Alcestoma Fairmaire 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="CB0CC74EA0085D74FFD195477560FF91" masterDocTitle="The Australian Lymexylidae (Coleoptera: Tenerionoidea) with one new genus and two genera new to Australia" masterLastPageNumber="238" masterPageNumber="211" pageNumber="213" updateTime="1698847576668" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D03D069988FAF2BE35A5E0B2A4DA0615">The Australian Lymexylidae (Coleoptera: Tenerionoidea) with one new genus and two genera new to Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5B5655C72859D72FF3BD761342E9AA4">Lawrence, John F.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="3735BF36A00A5D77FF4696CC7637FE40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4333469" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176092551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4333469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3735BF36A00A5D77FF4696CC7637FE40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3735BF36A00A5D77FF4696CC7637FE40" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<subSubSection id="F7865DABA00A5D76FF4696CC7484FC34" box="[151,484,907,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BF230E20A00A5D76FF4696CC7484FC34" blockId="2.[151,484,907,934]" box="[151,484,907,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<heading id="E46BB94CA00A5D76FF4696CC7484FC34" bold="true" box="[151,484,907,934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FF4696CC7484FC34" authority="Fairmaire, 1895" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,484,907,934]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF4696CC7484FC34" bold="true" box="[151,484,907,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF4696CC7474FC37" bold="true" box="[151,276,907,934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FECD96CC7484FC34" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[284,484,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="336 - 398" refId="ref27372" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1895) Materiaux pour la faune coleopterique de la region Malgache. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 29, 336 - 398." type="journal article" year="1895">Fairmaire, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9F8C290EA00A5D76FF46969771A5FC79" box="[151,1221,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<subSubSection id="F7865DABA00A5D76FF4696977483FC76" box="[151,483,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BF230E20A00A5D76FF4696977483FC76" blockId="2.[151,1417,975,1031]" box="[151,483,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<treatmentCitation id="3E3D2831A00A5D76FF46969774BFFC76" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[151,479,975,1000]" page="356" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" year="1895">
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FF46969774BFFC76" authority="Fairmaire, 1895: 356" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,479,975,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF4696977461FC79" box="[151,257,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FED6969774BFFC76" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[263,479,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="336 - 398" refId="ref27372" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1895) Materiaux pour la faune coleopterique de la region Malgache. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 29, 336 - 398." type="journal article" year="1895">Fairmaire, 1895: 356</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7865DABA00A5D76FE39969771A5FC79" box="[488,1221,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="BF230E20A00A5D76FE39969771A5FC79" blockId="2.[151,1417,975,1031]" box="[488,1221,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<typeStatus id="6027B082A00A5D76FE399697777AFC79" box="[488,538,976,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FDA096977140FC76" authority="Fairmaire, 1895" authorityName="Fairmaire. All" authorityYear="1895" box="[625,1056,975,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serropalpoides">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FDA096977617FC79" box="[625,887,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma serropalpoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FCAF96977140FC76" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[894,1056,975,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="336 - 398" refId="ref27372" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1895) Materiaux pour la faune coleopterique de la region Malgache. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 29, 336 - 398." type="journal article" year="1895">Fairmaire, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by monotypy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<subSubSection id="F7865DABA00A5D76FF4696A970E9FB97" box="[151,1417,1006,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BF230E20A00A5D76FF4696A970E9FB97" blockId="2.[151,1417,975,1031]" box="[151,1417,1006,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9F8C290EA00A5D76FF4696A970E9FB97" box="[151,1417,1006,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<treatmentCitation id="3E3D2831A00A5D76FF4696A97778FB97" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[151,536,1006,1030]" page="177" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" year="1986">
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FF4696A97778FB97" ID-CoL="6XTF" authority="Wheeler, 1986: 177" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,536,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Protomelittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF4696A97427FB97" box="[151,327,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Protomelittomma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FE9C96A97778FB97" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[333,536,1006,1030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="113 - 210" refId="ref29469" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1986) Revision of the genera of Lymexylidae (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 183, 113 - 210." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler, 1986: 177</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="6027B082A00A5D76FDF096A87733FB96" box="[545,595,1007,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FD7896A97145FB97" authority="Fairmaire, 1893" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1893" box="[681,1061,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Melittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FD7896A9761CFB97" box="[681,892,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Melittomma insulare</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FC5396A97145FB97" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[898,1061,1006,1030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" refId="ref27350" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1893) Communications. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France Bulletin, 62, cccxxii-cccxxv." type="book" year="1893">Fairmaire, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation)
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FAFA96A970E9FB97" bold="true" box="[1323,1417,1006,1030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7865DABA00A5D77FF4691737637FE40" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BF230E20A00A5D76FF469173718BFA4B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF4691737472FBDF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1076,1102]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FE589173749EFBDF" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1895" box="[393,510,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FE589173749EFBDF" box="[393,510,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FC9091737103FBDF" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1986" box="[833,1123,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Australymexylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FC909173769DFBDF" box="[833,1021,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Australymexylon</emphasis>
Wheeler
</taxonomicName>
in having larger eyes, more narrowly separated dorsally, a more abrupt constriction behind the eyes, forming a distinct neck, a distinct maxillary palp organ in the male, lack of setose pads on sternite VIII of the male, and parameroids distinctly longer than the basale. From adults of
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FE4691E777AEFB2A" authority="Murray (1867)" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1867" box="[407,718,1184,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Melittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FE4691E7777EFB2B" box="[407,542,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Melittomma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FDF791E677AEFB2A" author="Murray, A." box="[550,718,1184,1211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="314 - 323" refId="ref28833" refString="Murray, A. (1867) List of Coleoptera received from Old Calabar, on the west coast of Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 22, 314 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936708646336" type="journal article" year="1867">Murray (1867)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, they differ by having relatively long and broad lobes of parameroids (not short, slender and setose) and lacking the appendiculate paratergites on segment IX in the male. The presence of a row of broad spines at the apex of each parameroid in
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FC4891AE71FEFA92" authority="(Fairmaire)" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" box="[921,1182,1256,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Melittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FC4891AE7174FA93" box="[921,1044,1256,1283]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">A. insulare</emphasis>
(Fairmaire)
</taxonomicName>
, illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FAEC91AF7584FAB6" author="Wheeler, Q. D." pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="113 - 210" refId="ref29469" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1986) Revision of the genera of Lymexylidae (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 183, 113 - 210." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, is lacking in the Australian species described below, as well in at least two undescribed species from
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FA82904B7581FADA" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. The shape of the pronotum, which is widest at or near the base with an evenly curved anterior edge, is similar to most
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FE95901374ABFAFF" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1867" box="[324,459,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Melittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FE95901374ABFAFF" box="[324,459,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Melittomma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but differs considerably from that of the Australian
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FBBB90137469FA02" authority="(Olliff, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Olliff" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Melittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pervagum">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FBBB90137007FAFF" box="[1130,1383,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Melittomma pervagum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FAA790137460FA02" author="Olliff, S." pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="75 - 98" refId="ref28987" refString="Olliff, S. (1889) The insect fauna of Lord Howe Island. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 2, 75 - 98, pl. 6. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1967.2.1889.482" type="journal article" year="1889">Olliff, 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see below). Species of
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FDCD903F77F1FA03" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1895" box="[540,657,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FDCD903F77F1FA03" box="[540,657,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from those of the South American genus
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FB7B903F7582FA26" authority="Lane (1955)" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Melittommopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FB7B903F703DFA03" box="[1194,1373,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Melittommopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FAB5903E7582FA26" author="Lane, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="141 - 164" refId="ref28261" refString="Lane, F. (1955) Novos generos e especies de Coleoptera Lymexylonidae e notas sobre Melittomma Murray, 1867. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 12, 141 - 164." type="journal article" year="1955">Lane (1955)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the more or less parallel-sided maxillary palpomere in the female, lack of a slender, elongate elevated area at the anterior end of the mesoventrite and lack of enlarged paratergites on segment IX in the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF230E20A00A5D76FF1690A376FAF843" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF1690A37741FA6E" bold="true" box="[199,545,1508,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
Exotic Spcecies of
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FE7890A37741FA6E" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1895" box="[425,545,1508,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FE7890A37741FA6E" bold="true" box="[425,545,1508,1535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Although
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FD7090A37161FA6E" authority="(Fairmaire)" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[673,1025,1508,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FD7090A3761AFA6F" box="[673,890,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma insulare</emphasis>
(Fairmaire)
</taxonomicName>
was described from the
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FACC90A370F8FA6F" box="[1309,1432,1508,1534]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FF46934F7426F9B2" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[151,326,1544,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="113 - 210" refId="ref29469" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1986) Revision of the genera of Lymexylidae (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 183, 113 - 210." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler (1986)</bibRefCitation>
noted that this species (as
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FDB9934F76EBF9B3" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[616,907,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Protomelittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FDB9934F76EBF9B3" box="[616,907,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Protomelittomma insulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) also occurred in
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FB9F934F71B5F9B3" box="[1102,1237,1544,1570]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and synonymised the
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FF13936B7429F9D7" box="[194,329,1580,1606]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
species,
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FE65936B765CF9D6" authority="Pic (1939)" authorityName="Pic" authorityYear="1939" box="[436,828,1580,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Melittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipenne">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FE65936B77DCF9D7" box="[436,700,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Melittomma curtipenne</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FD14936B765CF9D6" author="Pic, M." box="[709,828,1580,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="31 - 32" refId="ref29174" refString="Pic, M. (1939) Diagnoses de Coleopteres exotiques. L'Echange, Revue Linneenne, 55 (577), 31 - 32." type="journal article" year="1939">Pic (1939)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FC51936B76BBF9D7" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[896,987,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Protomelittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FC51936B76BBF9D7" box="[896,987,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">insulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From Wheeler’s description and comments, it appears that two or more species may have been included by him under the name
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FB52931771BEF9FB" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1155,1246,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Protomelittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FB52931771BEF9FB" box="[1155,1246,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">insulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most characters illustrated were probably based on
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FDCC933377F5F91F" box="[541,661,1652,1678]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
specimens of the common coconut pest, but the colour was described as “nearly black” and not “cinnamon-brown” as indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FC9793DF713EF922" author="Vesey-FitzGerald, D." box="[838,1118,1688,1715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="383 - 402" refId="ref29373" refString="Vesey-FitzGerald, D. (1941) Melittomma insulare Fairm. (Col., Lymexylonidae), a serious pest of coconut in the Seychelles. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 34, 383 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300005113" type="journal article" year="1941">Vesey-FitzGerald (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, and a black
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FB3E93DF7016F923" box="[1263,1398,1688,1714]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
female (
<figureCitation id="27A712A5A00A5D76FF0C93FB7440F946" box="[221,288,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[176,1435,191,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1435,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Alcestoma spp.: 1–4. Habitus, dorsal: 1. Alcestoma insulare (Fairmaire) comb. nov., male (8.5 mm); 2, Alcestoma queenslandicum sp. nov., female paratype (17.0 mm); 3, Alcestoma queenslandicum sp. nov., male holotype (11.5 mm); 4, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire, female (Chutes de Mort, Madagascar, 17 mm); 5, Alcestoma insulare (Fairmaire), male pronotum and elytral bases; 6–7, sections of pronotal surface: 6, Alcestoma queenslandicum sp. nov.; 7, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire; 8, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire, holotype male, habitus, dorsal; 9–11, head, pronotum and elytral bases: 9, Alcestoma queenslandicum, sp. nov., female; 10, Alcestoma queenlandicum sp, nov., male; 11, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire. All images © CSIRO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322475/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) in the California Academy of Sciences, labelled by Wheeler as
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FC3E93FB7074F947" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1007,1300,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Protomelittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FC3E93FB7074F947" box="[1007,1300,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Protomelittomma insulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is certainly a different species and probably synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FD0093A77694F96B" authorityName="Fairmaire. All" authorityYear="1895" box="[721,1012,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serropalpoides">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FD0093A77694F96B" box="[721,1012,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma serropalpoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on external similarity to a photographs of a female
<typeStatus id="6027B082A00A5D76FE56924274D7F88E" box="[391,439,1797,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="27A712A5A00A5D76FE169243776CF88E" box="[455,524,1796,1823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[176,1435,191,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1435,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Alcestoma spp.: 1–4. Habitus, dorsal: 1. Alcestoma insulare (Fairmaire) comb. nov., male (8.5 mm); 2, Alcestoma queenslandicum sp. nov., female paratype (17.0 mm); 3, Alcestoma queenslandicum sp. nov., male holotype (11.5 mm); 4, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire, female (Chutes de Mort, Madagascar, 17 mm); 5, Alcestoma insulare (Fairmaire), male pronotum and elytral bases; 6–7, sections of pronotal surface: 6, Alcestoma queenslandicum sp. nov.; 7, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire; 8, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire, holotype male, habitus, dorsal; 9–11, head, pronotum and elytral bases: 9, Alcestoma queenslandicum, sp. nov., female; 10, Alcestoma queenlandicum sp, nov., male; 11, Alcestoma serropalpoides Fairmaire. All images © CSIRO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322475/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="6027B082A00A5D76FD84924277F0F88E" box="[597,656,1797,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FD669242761EF88F" authorityName="Fairmaire. All" authorityYear="1895" box="[695,894,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serropalpoides">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FD669242761EF88F" box="[695,894,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">A. serropalpoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected at “Ténérive”, apparently an old name or misspelling of
<collectingRegion id="7D58C0C2A00A5D76FE73926F775DF8D3" box="[418,573,1832,1858]" country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Antananarivo</collectingRegion>
, located in the central portion of the island, and the black female mentioned above was taken at “Chutes de la Mort”, probably referring to Lily Waterfall west of
<collectingRegion id="7D58C0C2A00A5D76FB9E920B718BF8F7" box="[1103,1259,1868,1894]" country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Antananarivo</collectingRegion>
. Two more species of
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FF369237743CF81B" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1895" box="[231,348,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF369237743CF81B" box="[231,348,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been seen from further south in the province of
<collectingRegion id="7D58C0C2A00A5D76FC6092377124F81B" box="[945,1092,1904,1930]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
; these differ significantly from both
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FF1E92D274F4F83F" authorityName="Fairmaire. All" authorityYear="1895" box="[207,404,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serropalpoides">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FF1E92D274F4F83F" box="[207,404,1940,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">A. serropalpoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FE1992D27721F83F" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[456,577,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Lymexylidae" genus="Protomelittomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FE1992D27721F83F" box="[456,577,1940,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">A. insulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and have distinctive male genitalia
<figureCitation id="27A712A5A00A5D76FC1C92D3712EF83E" box="[973,1102,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–35" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,184,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[154,1432,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 25–35. Various genera: 25–28, aedeagi, ventral: 25, Alcestoma insulare (Fairmaire); 26, Alcestoma sp. (Ranomafana, Madagascar, 700m); 27, Alcestoma sp. (Ranomafana, Madagascar, 1150m); 28, Alcestoma queenslandicum sp. nov.; 29–32, Melittomma pervagum (Olliff): 29, male segments VIII and IX, dorsal; 30–32, aedeagus: 30, dorsal, 31, ventral, 32 lateral. 33–34, aedeagi: 33, Leptonetron victoriense (Blackburn), dorsal, 34, Raractocetus kreusleri (Pascoe), dorsal, with penis and one tegminal strut removed. 35, Melittomma pervagum (Olliff), pronotal punctation. All images © CSIRO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322481/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Figs 26–27</figureCitation>
). Their descriptions, however, must await a more complete study of available
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FD7992FF764FF843" box="[680,815,1976,2002]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF230E20A00A5D77FF16929B7637FE40" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2039]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00A5D76FEB0929A7760F866" author="Brown, E. S." box="[353,512,2012,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref27158" refString="Brown, E. S. (1954) The biology of the coconut pest Melittomma insulare (Col., Lymexylonidae) and its control in the Seychelles. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 45, 1 - 66, pls. i-vi. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300026791" type="journal article" year="1954">Brown (1954)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00A5D76FDDD929B7782F867" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[524,738,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00A5D76FDDD929B7782F867" box="[524,738,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Alcestoma insulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does occur in
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FC55929B716DF867" box="[900,1037,2012,2038]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, as well as the
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00A5D76FB65929B704FF867" box="[1204,1327,2012,2038]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, based on careful comparisons, including the distinctive aedeagus (
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00B5D77FCC995D076A2FF20" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[792,962,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" pagination="113 - 210" refId="ref29469" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1986) Revision of the genera of Lymexylidae (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 183, 113 - 210." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler, 1986</bibRefCitation>
, figs 270, 273), but all of the
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00B5D77FAC495D070FCFF20" box="[1301,1436,151,177]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
records made at that time were from the northwestern corner of the main island and the small islands of Nossi Bé and Nossi Comba. Vesey-FirzGerald (1941) considered
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00B5D77FCD6959876E1FF68" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[775,897,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Alcestoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insulare">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00B5D77FCD6959876E1FF68" box="[775,897,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A. insulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be indigenous in the
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00B5D77FB5A95987066FF68" box="[1163,1286,223,249]" name="Seychelles" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, where it was originally associated with the endemic palms (
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00B5D77FD7894447641FE8C" box="[681,801,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00B5D77FCE09444769AFE8C" authorityName="H.Wendland" authorityYear="1865" box="[817,1018,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Phoenicophorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00B5D77FCE09444769AFE8C" box="[817,1018,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Phoenicophorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(formerly
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00B5D77FBA69444719DFE8C" box="[1143,1277,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Stevensonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00B5D77FBA69444719DFE8C" box="[1143,1277,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Stevensonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00B5D77FADE944470FDFE8C" box="[1295,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">borsigianum</emphasis>
(K. Koch) Stuntz and
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00B5D77FE5B9460712FFED0" authority="(H. Wendl. ex Van Houtte) Balf." authorityName="Balf." baseAuthorityName="Van Houtte" box="[394,1103,295,321]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nephrosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanhoutteanum">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00B5D77FE5B94607782FED0" box="[394,738,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Nephrosperma vanhoutteanum</emphasis>
(H. Wendl. ex Van Houtte) Balf.
</taxonomicName>
f., and only later began attacking coconuts (
<taxonomicName id="789C75A3A00B5D77FEE7940C7732FEF7" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[310,594,331,358]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nucifera">
<emphasis id="8DE8D232A00B5D77FEE7940C7480FEF4" box="[310,480,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Cocos nucifera</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
), which were apparently present on the islands at least since 1742 (Bradley 1940).
<bibRefCitation id="DB0D73D1A00B5D77FF37942874E3FE18" author="Brown, E. S." box="[230,387,366,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref27158" refString="Brown, E. S. (1954) The biology of the coconut pest Melittomma insulare (Col., Lymexylonidae) and its control in the Seychelles. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 45, 1 - 66, pls. i-vi. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300026791" type="journal article" year="1954">Brown (1954)</bibRefCitation>
was unable to come to a conclusion regarding the origin of this lymexylid. Given the presence of several species in
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00B5D77FE5694D4776EFE3C" box="[391,526,403,429]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and at least one more in
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00B5D77FCE194D476FAFE3C" box="[816,922,403,429]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Australia</collectingCountry>
, it is likely that this is an old lineage centred around the Malagasy region but extending at least to
<collectingCountry id="C78B4EB0A00B5D77FD3994F07632FE40" box="[744,850,439,465]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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