treatments-xml/data/11/4A/87/114A87B5DF2AFFBBA0BDFCA2A61EF2DD.xml

<document id="671AEE3B96C7CCBEE7C69DC7BA2A2134" ID-DOI="10.35249/rche.50.2.24.08" ID-ISSN="0718-8994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13239360" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722957537648" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cubas-Rodriguez, Alex M. &amp; Brescovit, Antonio D." docDate="2024" docId="114A87B5DF2AFFBBA0BDFCA2A61EF2DD" docLanguage="en" docName="RevChilEntomol.50.2.193-199.pdf" docOrigin="Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 50 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.50.2.24.08" docStyle="DocumentStyle:451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865.4:RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865" docStyleName="RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Trichonephila clavipes" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="ED73FFCDDF2BFFBEA13DFFBEA433F028" masterDocTitle="Distribution of Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) (Araneae: Araneidae) in Honduras" masterLastPageNumber="199" masterPageNumber="193" pageNumber="194" updateTime="1722958215953" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="62721A66A543A0209704204BFE612FD3">Distribution of Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) (Araneae: Araneidae) in Honduras</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40E42E28C527ACB03CF3A6879A9F4956">Cubas-Rodriguez, Alex M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF7FC83218C0E61D3291A70204E0DB1D">Brescovit, Antonio D.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="D1F96528DF2AFFBFA0BDFCA2A764F31C" box="[384,855,796,820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2AFFBFA0BDFCA2A764F31C" blockId="1.[384,855,796,853]" box="[384,855,796,820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<heading id="C21481CFDF2AFFBFA0BDFCA2A764F31C" box="[384,855,796,820]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2AFFBFA0BDFCA2A764F31C" ID-CoL="58FYS" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[384,855,796,820]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA0BDFCA2A764F31C" bold="true" box="[384,855,796,820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA0BDFCA2A6BFF31C" bold="true" box="[384,652,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1767)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D1F96528DF2AFFBFA30FFC83A696F37D" box="[562,677,829,853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" type="description">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2AFFBFA30FFC83A696F37D" blockId="1.[384,855,796,853]" box="[562,677,829,853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
(
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA307FC83A6AFF37D" box="[570,668,829,853]" captionStart-0="Figure" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure" captionStartId-0="2.[151,223,1583,1605]" captionStartId-1="3.[90,161,1590,1612]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,222,1440,1462]" captionStartId-3="5.[91,163,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1205,180,1563]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1144,183,1564]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1199,126,1425]" captionTargetBox-3="[94,1123,815,1510]" captionTargetId-0="figure-52@2.[151,1209,176,1567]" captionTargetId-1="figure-56@3.[91,1149,178,1569]" captionTargetId-2="figure-72@4.[151,1209,121,1438]" captionTargetId-3="figure-288@5.[91,1149,801,1525]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="Figure. 1. Female of Trichonephila clavipes from the La Ceiba city. A-B. Dorsal and ventral habitus. Scale: 2.0 mm. / Figura 1. Hembra de Trichonephila clavipes de la ciudad de La Ceiba. A-B. Hábito dorsal y ventral. Escala: 2,0 mm." captionText-1="Figure 2. Male of Trichonephila clavipes from La Ceiba city. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Palp, retrolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm. / Figura 2. Macho de Trichonephila clavipes de la ciudad de La Ceiba. A. Hábito dorsal. B. Palpo, vista retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm." captionText-2="Figure 3. Genital structure of the female and the male of Trichonephila clavipes. A. Epigyne, ventral view. B-C. Male left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale: 0.5 mm. / Figura 3. Estructura genital de la hembra y el macho de Trichonephila clavipes. A. Epiginio, vista ventral. B-C. Palpo izquierdo macho, vistas prolateral y retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm." captionText-3="Figure. 4. Distribution of Trichonephila clavipes in Honduras. / Figura 4. Distribución de Trichonophila clavipes en Honduras." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239362" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239366" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239370" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239372" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13239362/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13239366/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13239370/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13239372/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Figs. 1-4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1F96528DF2AFFBFA166FCC2A5BFF4DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2AFFBFA166FCC2A5BFF4DD" blockId="1.[90,1150,892,1269]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA166FCC2A4EFF3BC" bold="true" box="[91,220,892,916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The male 
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<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA062FCC3A5E0F3BD" box="[351,467,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">T. clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily recognized by a dark orange-yellow shell, with markings on each side of the head, yellow orange legs, dorsum of the abdomen with dark, shiny cardiac mark, scatters small spots of white pigment in two longitudinal bands on each side and posterior tip of abdomen dark (
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA39EFC63A6CDF3DD" box="[675,766,989,1013]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[90,161,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[96,1144,183,1564]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[91,1149,178,1569]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Male of Trichonephila clavipes from La Ceiba city. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Palp, retrolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm. / Figura 2. Macho de Trichonephila clavipes de la ciudad de La Ceiba. A. Hábito dorsal. B. Palpo, vista retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239366/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). The palp has a long conductor that surrounds the 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA07CFC43A5ABF43D" box="[321,408,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">embolus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA09BFC43A633F43D" box="[422,512,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">tegulum</emphasis>
with convolutions of the duct within it, and the long conductor with a twist near the tip (
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA334FBA3A65BF41D" box="[521,616,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[90,161,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[96,1144,183,1564]" captionTargetId="figure-56@3.[91,1149,178,1569]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Male of Trichonephila clavipes from La Ceiba city. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Palp, retrolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm. / Figura 2. Macho de Trichonephila clavipes de la ciudad de La Ceiba. A. Hábito dorsal. B. Palpo, vista retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239366/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA349FBA3A6B3F41D" box="[628,640,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[151,222,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[162,1199,126,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[151,1209,121,1438]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Genital structure of the female and the male of Trichonephila clavipes. A. Epigyne, ventral view. B-C. Male left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale: 0.5 mm. / Figura 3. Estructura genital de la hembra y el macho de Trichonephila clavipes. A. Epiginio, vista ventral. B-C. Palpo izquierdo macho, vistas prolateral y retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239370/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">3</figureCitation>
B-C). Females can be easily separated from other species of the genus by the colour of the abdomen, with the anterior dorsal area of the abdomen having a black transverse bar, followed by a white bar that disappears on the sides later, and by the two irregular rows of stains (
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA3C7FBC3A767F4BD" box="[762,852,1149,1173]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="2.[151,223,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[155,1205,180,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-52@2.[151,1209,176,1567]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure. 1. Female of Trichonephila clavipes from the La Ceiba city. A-B. Dorsal and ventral habitus. Scale: 2.0 mm. / Figura 1. Hembra de Trichonephila clavipes de la ciudad de La Ceiba. A-B. Hábito dorsal y ventral. Escala: 2,0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239362/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). The ventral area of the abdomen has a white bar posterior to the edge of the epigyne (
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA20BFB23A7BBF49D" box="[822,904,1181,1205]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="2.[151,223,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[155,1205,180,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-52@2.[151,1209,176,1567]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure. 1. Female of Trichonephila clavipes from the La Ceiba city. A-B. Dorsal and ventral habitus. Scale: 2.0 mm. / Figura 1. Hembra de Trichonephila clavipes de la ciudad de La Ceiba. A-B. Hábito dorsal y ventral. Escala: 2,0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239362/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). The 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA2F3FB23A009F49C" box="[974,1082,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">epigynum</emphasis>
has a cornicular sculpture in the ventral medial portion, while the posterior part is smooth, with lateral openings (
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA01BFB63A54CF4DD" box="[294,383,1245,1269]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[151,222,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[162,1199,126,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[151,1209,121,1438]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Genital structure of the female and the male of Trichonephila clavipes. A. Epigyne, ventral view. B-C. Male left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale: 0.5 mm. / Figura 3. Estructura genital de la hembra y el macho de Trichonephila clavipes. A. Epiginio, vista ventral. B-C. Palpo izquierdo macho, vistas prolateral y retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239370/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA166FAA2A575F51C" bold="true" box="[91,326,1308,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Material examined.</emphasis>
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. 
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(
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Arácnidos-0017); departmen of 
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. Ceiba city. 
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, 15.754 237, -86.830522, 
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, 
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, 
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; 
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. 
<collectorName id="34165375DF2AFFBFA220FAC3A006F5BD" box="[797,1077,1405,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">A.M. Cubas-Rodriguez</collectorName>
&amp; 
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, in the backyard of a house (
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ME-Arácnidos-0015); department of 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA530FA23A4FBF5FD" country="Honduras" name="Francisco Morazan" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Francisco Morazán</collectingRegion>
. 
<collectorName id="34165375DF2AFFBFA1EDFA03A552F5FD" box="[208,353,1469,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Tegucigalpa</collectorName>
, “Ciudad Universitaria”, in the campus of the 
<collectorName id="34165375DF2AFFBFA247FA03A4E9F5DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Universidad Nacional Autónoma</collectorName>
de
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="298B3CFEDF2AFFBFA035FA63A04FF63D" collectionCode="UNAH" collectorName="June &amp; A. M. Cubas-Rodriguez" country="Honduras" elevation="1056" latitude="-87.16658" location="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2AFFBFA035FA63A5B0F5DD" box="[264,387,1501,1525]" name="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Honduras</collectingCountry>
. 14.086 303, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCD75064DF2AFFBFA332FA63A6BFF5DD" box="[527,652,1501,1525]" degrees="87.166580" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="-87.16658">-87.166580</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="5E1B9B46DF2AFFBFA3A5FA63A6C4F5DC" box="[664,759,1501,1525]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0559999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="1056.0">
<elevation id="12CED190DF2AFFBFA3A5FA63A6C4F5DC" box="[664,759,1501,1525]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0559999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="1056.0">1,056 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<specimenCount id="8FE5FD2ADF2AFFBFA239FA63A758F5DD" box="[772,875,1501,1525]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; 14 
<collectorName id="34165375DF2AFFBFA2A6FA63A7E3F5DC" box="[923,976,1501,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">June</collectorName>
<bibRefCitation id="FD724B52DF2AFFBFA2E5FA63A005F5DD" author="Literature Cited de Armas, L. F. &amp; Cubas-Rodriguez, A. M." box="[984,1078,1501,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref2033" refString="Literature Cited de Armas, L. F. and Cubas-Rodriguez, A. M. (2023) Presencia de Centruroides limbatus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) en Honduras. Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 298: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="2023">de 2023</bibRefCitation>
, 
<collectorName id="34165375DF2AFFBFA57CFA63A51DF63D" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">A.M. Cubas-Rodriguez</collectorName>
, in the vegetation surrounding building J1 (
<collectionCode id="FFF2AE66DF2AFFBFA215FA43A74CF63D" box="[808,895,1533,1557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">UNAH</collectionCode>
ME-Arácnidos-0016)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2AFFBFA166F983A040F67D" blockId="1.[91,1139,1591,1621]" box="[91,1139,1591,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA166F983A567F67C" bold="true" box="[91,340,1596,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Known distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2AFFBFA067F983A5A3F67D" box="[346,400,1597,1621]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">USA</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2AFFBFA08FF983A61FF67D" box="[434,556,1597,1621]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. Introduced to 
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2AFFBFA3E1F983A7D4F67D" box="[732,999,1591,1621]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">São Tomé and PrÍncipe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD724B52DF2AFFBFA2C9F983A054F67D" author="WSC &amp; World Spider Catalog" box="[1012,1127,1597,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" refId="ref2534" refString="WSC [World Spider Catalog] (2024) World Spider Catalog version 25. 0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: https: // wsc. nmbe. ch / family / 108 / Uloboridae. Accessed on 4 April 2024." type="url" year="2024">WSC 2024</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1F96528DF2AFFBFA166F9C2A6C7F6FD" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2AFFBFA166F9C2A6C7F6FD" blockId="1.[91,1149,1660,1749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2AFFBFA166F9C2A654F6BD" bold="true" box="[91,615,1660,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
Distribution in 
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2AFFBFA023F9C3A5A4F6BD" box="[286,407,1661,1685]" name="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Honduras</collectingCountry>
by departments.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA352F9C3A6D2F6BD" box="[623,737,1661,1685]" country="Honduras" name="Atlantida" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Atlántida</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA3D3F9C3A75BF6BD" box="[750,872,1661,1685]" country="Honduras" name="Choluteca" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Choluteca</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA248F9C3A7F7F6BD" box="[885,964,1661,1685]" country="Honduras" name="Cortes" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Cortés</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA2ECF9C3A011F6BD" box="[977,1058,1661,1685]" country="Honduras" name="Copan" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Copán</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA512F9C3A04AF6BD" box="[1071,1145,1661,1685]" country="Honduras" name="Colon" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Colón</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA166F923A4DFF69D" box="[91,236,1693,1717]" country="Honduras" name="Comayagua" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Comayagua</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA1C4F923A541F69D" box="[249,370,1687,1717]" country="Honduras" name="El Paraiso" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">El ParaÍso</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA042F923A650F69D" box="[383,611,1693,1717]" country="Honduras" name="Francisco Morazan" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Francisco Morazán</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA34DF923A6E0F69D" box="[624,723,1693,1717]" country="Honduras" name="Intibuca" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Intibucá</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA3DDF923A795F69D" box="[736,934,1687,1717]" country="Honduras" name="Islas de la Bahia" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Islas de la BahÍa</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA28FF923A036F69C" box="[946,1029,1693,1716]" country="Honduras" name="La Paz" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">La Paz</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA52FF923A04AF69D" box="[1042,1145,1693,1717]" country="Honduras" name="Lempira" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Lempira</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA166F903A4D8F6FD" box="[91,235,1725,1749]" country="Honduras" name="Ocotepeque" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Ocotepeque</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA1C8F903A568F6FD" box="[245,347,1725,1749]" country="Honduras" name="Olancho" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Olancho</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA05BF903A63EF6FD" box="[358,525,1725,1749]" country="Honduras" name="Santa Barbara" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Santa Bárbara</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA32AF903A667F6FD" box="[535,596,1725,1749]" country="Honduras" name="Valle" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Valle</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5B27F841DF2AFFBFA362F903A6A5F6FC" box="[607,662,1725,1748]" country="Honduras" name="Yoro" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Yoro</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="01D82A26DF2AFFBFA399F903A6D4F6FD" box="[676,743,1725,1749]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="5.[91,163,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[94,1123,815,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-288@5.[91,1149,801,1525]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure. 4. Distribution of Trichonephila clavipes in Honduras. / Figura 4. Distribución de Trichonophila clavipes en Honduras." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239372/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CD9C662BDF29FFBCA1AAF991A5DEF657" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13239362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" startId="2.[151,223,1583,1605]" targetBox="[155,1205,180,1563]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF29FFBCA1AAF991A5DEF657" blockId="2.[151,1210,1583,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF29FFBCA1AAF991A4CBF66C" bold="true" box="[151,248,1583,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Figure. 1</emphasis>
. Female of 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF29FFBCA044F991A660F66C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[377,595,1583,1604]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF29FFBCA044F991A660F66C" box="[377,595,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the La Ceiba city. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF29FFBCA260F991A7BEF66C" bold="true" box="[861,909,1583,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">A-B.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral habitus. Scale: 2.0 mm. / 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF29FFBCA077F9F2A598F649" bold="true" box="[330,427,1612,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Figura 1.</emphasis>
Hembra de 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF29FFBCA308F9F2A73CF649" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[565,783,1612,1633]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF29FFBCA308F9F2A73CF649" box="[565,783,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de la ciudad de La Ceiba. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF29FFBCA505F9F2A05BF649" bold="true" box="[1080,1128,1612,1633]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">A-B.</emphasis>
Hábito dorsal y ventral. Escala: 2,0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CD9C662BDF28FFBDA167F988A658F6AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13239366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239366/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" startId="3.[90,161,1590,1612]" targetBox="[96,1144,183,1564]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF28FFBDA167F988A658F6AE" blockId="3.[90,1149,1590,1670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA167F988A48FF663" bold="true" box="[90,188,1590,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF28FFBDA01DF988A5C9F663" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[288,506,1590,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA01DF988A5C9F663" box="[288,506,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from La Ceiba city. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA3E0F988A6C5F663" bold="true" box="[733,758,1590,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">A.</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA297F988A7F2F663" bold="true" box="[938,961,1590,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">B.</emphasis>
Palp, retrolateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm. / 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA074F9EDA59BF640" bold="true" box="[329,424,1619,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Figura 2.</emphasis>
Macho de 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF28FFBDA322F9EDA6C4F640" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[543,759,1619,1640]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA322F9EDA6C4F640" box="[543,759,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de la ciudad de La Ceiba. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA528F9EDA01DF640" bold="true" box="[1045,1070,1619,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">A.</emphasis>
Hábito dorsal. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF28FFBDA194F9CFA48CF6AE" bold="true" box="[169,191,1649,1670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">B.</emphasis>
Palpo, vista retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CD9C662BDF2FFFBAA1AAFA1EA773F625" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13239370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13239370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13239370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" startId="4.[151,222,1440,1462]" targetBox="[162,1199,126,1425]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2FFFBAA1AAFA1EA773F625" blockId="4.[151,1210,1440,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA1AAFA1EA4C4F59D" bold="true" box="[151,247,1440,1462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Genital structure of the female and the male of 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2FFFBAA23EFA1EA7E8F59D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[771,987,1440,1461]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA23EFA1EA7E8F59D" box="[771,987,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA2D5FA1EA7C8F59D" bold="true" box="[1000,1019,1440,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">A</emphasis>
. Epigyne, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA1E7FA03A53AF5FB" bold="true" box="[218,265,1469,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">B-C.</emphasis>
Male left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale: 0.5 mm. / 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA2DDFA03A071F5FA" bold="true" box="[992,1090,1469,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Figura 3.</emphasis>
Estructura genital de la hembra y el macho de 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2FFFBAA30CFA65A73EF5D8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[561,781,1499,1520]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA30CFA65A73EF5D8" box="[561,781,1499,1520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA223FA64A704F5C7" bold="true" box="[798,823,1498,1519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">A.</emphasis>
Epiginio, vista ventral. 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA579FA64A040F5D8" bold="true" box="[1092,1139,1498,1520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">B-C.</emphasis>
Palpo izquierdo macho, vistas prolateral y retrolateral. Escala: 0,5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D1F96528DF2FFFBBA1AAF9F0A61EF2DD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2FFFBBA1AAF9F0A07AF0DD" blockId="4.[151,1209,1614,1734]" lastBlockId="5.[90,1150,125,757]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA1AAF9F0A539F64E" bold="true" box="[151,266,1614,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2FFFBAA024F9F0A623F64E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[281,528,1614,1638]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA024F9F0A623F64E" box="[281,528,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Trichonephila clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens occur in 
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2FFFBAA21DF9F0A7ABF64E" box="[800,920,1614,1638]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Honduras</collectingCountry>
in a large number of ecosystems such as dry forests, cloud forests, mixed forests, tropical humid forests, pine forests and deciduous forests. The presence of 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2FFFBAA3EFF931A775F68E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[722,838,1678,1702]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2FFFBAA3EFF931A775F68E" box="[722,838,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">T. clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synanthropic environments is very common. A large number of records extracted from iNaturalist showed that this species was easily found in gardens, and even inside houses such as corners, walls, under steps, and abandoned warehouses. As for the sexes of the spiders, the majority were females, only about 
<specimenCount id="8FE5FD2ADF2EFFBBA073FF03A585F0FD" box="[334,438,189,213]" count="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
were found out of the 280 records observed. This could be due to the small size of the males of this species, which means they can go unnoticed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2EFFBBA1BCFF43A7ABF17D" blockId="5.[90,1150,125,757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
In 
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2EFFBBA199FF43A52DF13D" box="[164,286,253,277]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2EFFBBA010FF43A591F13D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[301,418,253,277]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2EFFBBA010FF43A591F13D" box="[301,418,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">T. clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed with a large number of photographic records in iNaturalist. The species has many distinguishable diagnostic characters associated with its external morphology, as explained in the diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2EFFBBA1BCFEE3A6B1F25D" blockId="5.[90,1150,125,757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
In recent years, the citizen science platform iNaturalist has served as a source of information in high-impact scientific works that address the distribution of species, as is the case of 
<bibRefCitation id="FD724B52DF2EFFBBA18FFE23A54EF19D" author="de Luna, M. &amp; Garcia-Barrios, R. &amp; Torres-Arredondo, B." box="[178,381,413,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref2075" refString="de Luna, M., Garcia-Barrios, R. and Torres-Arredondo, B. (2022) New state records of the woodlouse spider Dysdera crocata C. L. Koch, 1838 (Araneae: Dysderidae) in Mexico. Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 48 (2): 329 - 334." type="journal article" year="2022">
Luna 
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2EFFBBA1C5FE23A516F19D" box="[248,293,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">et al</emphasis>
. (2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, who took data from this application to estimate the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2EFFBBA141FE03A632F1FD" authority="C. L. Koch, 1838" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1838" box="[124,513,445,469]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dysdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crocata">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2EFFBBA141FE03A51EF1FC" box="[124,301,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Dysdera crocata</emphasis>
C. L. Koch, 1838
</taxonomicName>
, in the Mexican states. 
<bibRefCitation id="FD724B52DF2EFFBBA21DFE03A078F1FD" author="Hazzi, N. A. &amp; Hormiga, G." box="[800,1099,445,469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="13 - 50" refId="ref2131" refString="Hazzi, N. A. and Hormiga, G. (2021) Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria epilate (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae). ZooKeys, 1022: 13 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1022.60571" type="journal article" year="2021">Hazzi &amp; Hormiga (2021)</bibRefCitation>
did something similar when using the information available from 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2EFFBBA279FE63A4A8F23D" authority="(Strand, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilata">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2EFFBBA279FE63A02BF1DD" box="[836,1048,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Phoneutria depilata</emphasis>
(Strand, 1909)
</taxonomicName>
to estimate its distribution in Central America. Finally, 
<bibRefCitation id="FD724B52DF2EFFBBA204FE43A497F21D" author="Literature Cited de Armas, L. F. &amp; Cubas-Rodriguez, A. M." pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref2033" refString="Literature Cited de Armas, L. F. and Cubas-Rodriguez, A. M. (2023) Presencia de Centruroides limbatus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) en Honduras. Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 298: 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="2023">Armas &amp; Cubas-Rodriguez (2023)</bibRefCitation>
also extracted information from the photographic records of 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2EFFBBA2B7FDA3A53AF27D" authority="(Pocock, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbatus">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2EFFBBA2B7FDA3A04EF21D" box="[906,1149,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Centruroides limbatus</emphasis>
(Pocock, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
, in order to reaffirm its presence in the Honduran region. These are just some of the many cases found in the literature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="995C36A3DF2EFFBBA1BCFDC3A61EF2DD" blockId="5.[90,1150,125,757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
In summary, we provide an expanded and updated distribution for 
<taxonomicName id="5EE34D20DF2EFFBBA285FDC3A01FF2BD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[952,1068,637,661]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Trichonephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
<emphasis id="AB97EAB1DF2EFFBBA285FDC3A01FF2BD" box="[952,1068,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">T. clavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across 
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2EFFBBA166FD23A4E6F29D" box="[91,213,669,693]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, adding previously unknown data such as which ecosystems and altitudes. This collection of records shows that in 
<collectingCountry id="E1F47633DF2EFFBBA335FD03A6B3F2FD" box="[520,640,701,725]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Honduras</collectingCountry>
the species occupies synanthropic habits, such as gardens, houses, and buildings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>