168 lines
20 KiB
XML
168 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="8198A118001CE7928A643E60E5AD3545" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7666888" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7666888" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1677092141602" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Brown, Brian V." docDate="2005" docId="3E7AF841323FEB5E56B4FF443591AE54" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.46.1.133-140.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 46" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C20B10C002986E51083406A4EACF003A.3:AfrInvertebr.2001-2007.journal_article" docStyleId="C20B10C002986E51083406A4EACF003A" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2001-2007.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Brachyselia Schmitz 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="C2438039323EEB5F574AFFAA3660AB48" masterDocTitle="Classification of two poorly known genera of African Phoridae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1699455799194" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECDB73D6C6CAD55427A942085CFDAF73">
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<mods:title id="BE983183A13868A827F0313C45FAEB9D">Classification of two poorly known genera of African Phoridae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EC51E2A75FD8E029357821F3B0F27EFC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="59ED4888FA064D7951B1623091317A5F">Brown, Brian V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4037D56997711CF58F0D17BB7A2321B2">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2C1CB60A76AEE71C03A60C6352B9ACCC">
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<mods:date id="F18F8F5C9ED55AB4FA278892B071E224">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B959D70B62C5F01BE7C1630A5511C809">2005-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9DCE12511615D9A24EDB66586BEADDAB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CB3A50498409F837971C3E397B437ACB">46</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7B21389B11FA1A4069D035824664DEFD">133</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8E78AA3AFBFB7F780B1F354835A4CC3B">133</mods:end>
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<subSubSection id="FEC91ADC323FEB5E56B4FF44354DAA4F" box="[510,813,238,263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B66C4957323FEB5E56B4FF44354DAA4F" blockId="1.[181,1142,204,975]" box="[510,813,238,263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="ED24FE3B323FEB5E56B4FF44354DAA4F" box="[510,813,238,263]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E56B4FF44354DAA4F" ID-CoL="3CK9" authority="Schmitz, 1927" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1927" box="[510,813,238,263]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Brachyselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E56B4FF4434E4AA4E" box="[510,644,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Brachyselia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D24234A6323FEB5E55C1FF44354DAA4F" author="SCHMITZ, H." box="[651,813,238,263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" refId="ref3664" refString="SCHMITZ, H. 1927. Revision der Phoridengattungen, mit Beschreibung neuer Gatungen und Arten. Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 16: 30 - 40, 45 - 50, 59 - 65, 72 - 79, 92 - 100, 110 - 116, 128 - 132, 142 - 148, 164, 176." type="journal volume" year="1927">Schmitz, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FEC91ADC323FEB5E57FFFEBF37B4AA60" box="[181,468,276,297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B66C4957323FEB5E57FFFEBF37B4AA60" blockId="1.[181,1142,204,975]" box="[181,468,276,297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<treatmentCitation id="37726F46323FEB5E57FFFEBF37AFAA60" author="SCHMITZ, H." box="[181,463,276,297]" page="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" year="1927">
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<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E57FFFEBF37AFAA60" ID-CoL="3CK9" authority="Schmitz, 1927: 68" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1927" box="[181,463,276,297]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Brachyselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E57FFFEBF3741AA61" box="[181,289,277,297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Brachyselia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D24234A6323FEB5E566DFEBE37AFAA60" author="SCHMITZ, H." box="[295,463,276,296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" refId="ref3664" refString="SCHMITZ, H. 1927. Revision der Phoridengattungen, mit Beschreibung neuer Gatungen und Arten. Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 16: 30 - 40, 45 - 50, 59 - 65, 72 - 79, 92 - 100, 110 - 116, 128 - 132, 142 - 148, 164, 176." type="journal volume" year="1927">Schmitz, 1927: 68</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FEC91ADC323FEB5E57FFFE9C3591AE54" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B66C4957323FEB5E57FFFE9C3794A9A7" blockId="1.[181,1142,204,975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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Diagnosis: Frons opaque, lacking medial furrow, with 4-4-4 frontal setae and one pair reclinate supra-antennal setae. Lateral ocelli widely separated, ocellar triangle not differentiated from rest of frons. With 1–2 large postgenal setae. Flagellomere 1 round, arista dorsal. Palpus relatively small, with several subapical setae. Scutum with one pair dorsocentral setae well anterior to posterior margin.Anepisternum without furrows. Wing fully developed; vein R
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<subScript id="2A574B12323FEB5E5549FE4D347DAABD" attach="left" box="[515,541,487,501]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">2+3</subScript>
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absent; vein Rs with large basal seta and few smaller setae along length. Hind femur narrow. Tibiae lacking large isolated setae, except hind tibia with 2–3 dorsal setae; all tibiae lacking setal palisades. Left side of epandrium greatly elongate, narrowed, with narrow ventral process (
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<figureCitation id="2EE855D2323FEB5E547AFD9C3510A907" box="[816,880,566,591]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[143,182,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[155,1104,201,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-57@2.[144,1104,185,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Brachyselia natalensis Schmitz, male terminalia: (1) epandrium, left side; (2) epandrium, right side; (3) hypandrium, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7666891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) that extends medial to hypandrial lobe; majority of left side of epandrium apparently equivalent to fused left + right surstyli (Brown 1992
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<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E5694FDDC378CA9C6" box="[478,492,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">b</emphasis>
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) fused to epandrium. Right side of epandrium broad, with posteroventral setae (
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<figureCitation id="2EE855D2323FEB5E56FAFD3C379AA9E7" box="[432,506,662,687]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[143,182,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[155,1104,201,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-57@2.[144,1104,185,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Brachyselia natalensis Schmitz, male terminalia: (1) epandrium, left side; (2) epandrium, right side; (3) hypandrium, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7666891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Left lobe of hypandrium with broad, setose process (
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<figureCitation id="2EE855D2323FEB5E57F7FD1C377FA987" box="[189,287,694,719]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[143,182,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[155,1104,201,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-57@2.[144,1104,185,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Brachyselia natalensis Schmitz, male terminalia: (1) epandrium, left side; (2) epandrium, right side; (3) hypandrium, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7666891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Figs 1, 3</figureCitation>
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); right lobe with two processes—more medial, narrower process and broader right lateral process (
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<figureCitation id="2EE855D2323FEB5E56E8FD7C3786A9A7" box="[418,486,726,751]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[143,182,1543,1563]" captionTargetBox="[155,1104,201,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-57@2.[144,1104,185,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Brachyselia natalensis Schmitz, male terminalia: (1) epandrium, left side; (2) epandrium, right side; (3) hypandrium, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7666891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7666891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B66C4957323FEB5E579AFD5C3410A887" blockId="1.[181,1142,204,975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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The male keys to couplet 11 of Disney’s (1994) male key, where it has trouble passing the two possibilities. The first lead states ‘Costa less than two-fifths wing length. Mediolateral and pre-ocellar bristles absent [
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<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E552FFC9C348CA806" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1941" box="[613,748,822,846]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Euryophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E552FFC9C348CA806" box="[613,748,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Euryophora</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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]’ versus ‘Costa extends about half wing length or more. Medio-lateral and pre-ocellar bristles present [couplet 12]’. In
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<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E57FFFCDC375BA8C6" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1927" box="[181,315,886,910]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Brachyselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E57FFFCDC375BA8C6" box="[181,315,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Brachyselia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the costa is 0.38 wing length, matching the first part of the first lead, but all frontal setae are present, matching the second half of the second lead. Females key without trouble in Disney’s female key.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B66C4957323FEB5E57FFFC4B35FEAF52" blockId="1.[181,1142,993,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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Included species:This genus includes only
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<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E55CCFC4B359BA8B2" authority="Schmitz (1927" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1927" box="[646,1019,993,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Brachyselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
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<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E55CCFC4B3571A8B1" box="[646,785,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">B. natalensis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D24234A6323FEB5E545CFC4B35D7A8B2" author="SCHMITZ, H." box="[790,951,993,1018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" refId="ref3664" refString="SCHMITZ, H. 1927. Revision der Phoridengattungen, mit Beschreibung neuer Gatungen und Arten. Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 16: 30 - 40, 45 - 50, 59 - 65, 72 - 79, 92 - 100, 110 - 116, 128 - 132, 142 - 148, 164, 176." type="journal volume" year="1927">Schmitz (1927</bibRefCitation>
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, 1929
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</taxonomicName>
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), described from female specimens collected in
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<collectingRegion id="741787B5323FEB5E5501FBAB349EAF52" box="[587,766,1025,1050]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="CEC409C7323FEB5E5442FBAB35FAAF52" box="[776,922,1025,1050]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B66C4957323FEB5E57FFFB8D3419AF1B" blockId="1.[181,1142,993,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<materialsCitation id="06BB430A323FEB5E57FFFB8D3414AF1B" collectingDate="1992-11" collectingDateMax="1992-12" collectingDateMin="1992-11" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="P. Forchhammer" country="Botswana" county="Farmer's Brigade" latitude="-22.42" location="Material" longLatPrecision="756" longitude="-26.73" municipality="Serowe" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="B30C1F8C323FEB5E57FFFB8D3762AF73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E7AF841323FEB5E56B4FF443591AE54:B30C1F8C323FEB5E57FFFB8D3762AF73" box="[181,258,1063,1083]" country="Botswana" county="Farmer's Brigade" latitude="-22.42" longLatPrecision="756" longitude="-26.73" municipality="Serowe" name="Material" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Material</location>
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examined:
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<collectingCountry id="CEC409C7323FEB5E5625FB8D3791AF73" box="[367,497,1063,1083]" name="Botswana" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="5608D32D323FEB5E56B1FB8D3421AF73" box="[507,577,1063,1083]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Serowe</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="5F0D31DB323FEB5E5506FB8D348DAF73" box="[588,749,1063,1083]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Farmer’s Brigade</collectingCounty>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="D3E72F90323FEB5E55B1FB8D3528AF73" box="[763,840,1063,1083]" degrees="22.42" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" precision="555" value="-22.42">22.42°S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="D3E72F90323FEB5E5418FB8D35C6AF73" box="[850,934,1063,1083]" degrees="26.73" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" precision="555" value="-26.73">26.73°W</geoCoordinate>
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||
), 2ơ 2^
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||
<date id="C26D6F97323FEB5E5348FB8D3229AF73" box="[1026,1097,1063,1083]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="1992-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="D229967F323FEB5E5348FB8D3229AF73" box="[1026,1097,1063,1083]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="1992-11">xi.1992</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, 2^
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<date id="C26D6F97323FEB5E57FFFB953762AF1B" box="[181,258,1087,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="1992-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D229967F323FEB5E57FFFB953762AF1B" box="[181,258,1087,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="1992-12">xii.1992</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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<collectorName id="1B262C81323FEB5E5646FB9537C2AF1B" box="[268,418,1087,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">P. Forchhammer</collectorName>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingMethod id="6F923140323FEB5E56E1FB95347BAF1B" box="[427,539,1087,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D0C2D192323FEB5E556DFB95340EAF1B" box="[551,622,1087,1107]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B66C4957323FEB5E57FFFBC93591AE54" blockId="1.[181,1142,1123,1308]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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Subfamily classification: Based on the elaborated, bilobed process of the right lobe of the hypandrium, this genus belongs in the
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<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E5530FB2935A1AFD4" authority="sensu Brown (1992 a" authorityName=", sensu Brown" authorityYear="1992" box="[634,961,1155,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phorinae">
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||
Phorinae sensu
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D24234A6323FEB5E5468FB2935A1AFD4" author="BROWN, B. V." box="[802,961,1155,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref3239" refString="BROWN, B. V. 1992 a. Generic revision of Phoridae of the Nearctic region and phylogenetic classification of Phoridae, Sciadoceridae, and Ironomyiidae (Diptera: Phoridea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 164: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">
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||
Brown (1992
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<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E54F9FB2E35A1AFD4" box="[947,961,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E5486FB2E35BAAFD4" box="[972,986,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">b</emphasis>
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||
). Structurally, the terminalia resemble those of
|
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<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E556EFB0E3521AFF4" authority="Borgmeier" authorityName="Borgmeier" box="[548,833,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Coniceromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E556EFB0E34A2AFF4" box="[548,706,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Coniceromyia</emphasis>
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Borgmeier
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E5406FB0E3212AFF4" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1924" box="[844,1138,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Plethysmochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E5406FB0E326BAFF4" box="[844,1035,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Plethysmochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
Schmitz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E57A9FB6E37ADAF94" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[227,461,1220,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Rhynchomicropteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E57A9FB6E37ADAF94" box="[227,461,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Rhynchomicropteron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a largely fused process on the left side of the epandrium, which is overlain by the hypandrial lobe. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E558AFB4E351FAFB4" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1924" box="[704,895,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Plethysmochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E558AFB4E351FAFB4" box="[704,895,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Plethysmochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71D332D4323FEB5E54FEFB4E325AAFB4" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1927" box="[948,1082,1252,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Brachyselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="84A79545323FEB5E54FEFB4E325AAFB4" box="[948,1082,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Brachyselia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have wing vein Rs setose, and based on this character they could be sister-taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |