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<document id="2A2CB214B4923546AFB618E6FDC0173C" ID-CLB-Dataset="5526" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.85.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38f78e6b-c573-4b3b-b5f9-1b678e422d19" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5014155" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624381840764" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moretzsohn, Fabio" docDate="2002" docId="03C087E1FFF8FF84FE95EB934425E365" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 85 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.85.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cribrarula gravida Moretzsohn 2002, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFF9FF99FFF9FF82FF9DE8774729E12B" masterDocTitle="A new species of Cribrarula (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from New South Wales, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699020033172" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C4EFAF4AB3DA803B19E8D927AFD20E09">
<mods:title id="858ACD491E37268464F58E20651E500D">A new species of Cribrarula (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from New South Wales, Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="5FD9473ED4A552C4C677F74470A4C92B">Moretzsohn, Fabio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D3AF4188ECDF592674AB534FFA1DA34F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1E9A4E67BAD551531122C68D8DBEDADF">
<mods:date id="24CBD80BA2F475E83BA388DD8CFA510A">2002</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1B3993B8A059525679026A4F0A90E2E3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="36614EAB6F742D07BA768672306C4C47">2002-10-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80F78E35E83A940885C407C32172EB16">85</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D905758079711235A2DA97DA51CF3D5D">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.85.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="FD4A1E10EA877B12A692423146B1573E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="811818CA08C2E86A1F35F52FADB528E1" type="CLB-Dataset">5526</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CE268898F79399CAA23A5AD8AF9C9C8E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.85.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="08D46DD8D4ADF2B18502365B39004DE7" type="GBIF-Dataset">38f78e6b-c573-4b3b-b5f9-1b678e422d19</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="97D2638DD48BE1E64194A557CC26DB52" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CC7915D09ACE5B9AA62E96BB7687C4C7" type="Zenodo-Dep">5014155</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087E1FFF8FF84FE95EB934425E365" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093059" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183501652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087E1FFF8FF84FE95EB934425E365" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087E1FFF8FF84FE95EB934425E365" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="C373657CFFF8FF83FE95EB934408E2D6" box="[264,801,995,1022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFF8FF83FE95EB934408E2D6" blockId="1.[264,801,995,1057]" box="[264,801,995,1022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D09E819BFFF8FF83FE95EB934408E2D6" bold="true" box="[264,801,995,1022]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFF8FF83FE95EB934408E2D6" bold="true" box="[264,801,995,1022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFF8FF83FE95EB9345A0E2D6" ID-CoL="ZFKY" authority="Moretzsohn" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,649,995,1022]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFF8FF83FE95EB9346C4E2D5" bold="true" box="[264,493,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cribrarula gravida</emphasis>
Moretzsohn
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFF8FF83FD0CEB944408E2D6" box="[657,801,995,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373657CFFF8FF84FE95EC704425E365" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFF8FF83FE95EC704699E50A" blockId="1.[264,801,995,1057]" box="[264,432,1031,1057]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FE8CEC704655E50A" box="[273,380,1031,1057]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1­6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FE14EC704681E50A" box="[393,424,1031,1057]" captionStart="FIGURES 22­25" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-86@4.[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 22­25. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae: 22) Cribrarula gravida sp. nov., holotype (AMS C. 91000), New South Wales, Australia ­ arrows point to two differences from other radulae shown here (see discussion); 23) C. cribraria melwardi (DMNH 31496), Swinger Reef, Queensland, Australia; 24) C. cribraria cribraria (USNM 773496), Mamanuca Group, Fiji; and 25) C. cribraria cribraria (melanic) (ANSP 271247), Baie Ouemo, New Caledonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFF8FF83FE95EC3B440BE4E5" blockId="1.[264,1325,1099,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Type material:
<materialsCitation id="3B013CAAFFF8FF83FE58EC3B440BE4E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320613302" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFF8FF83FE58EC3B451BE54D" box="[453,562,1100,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FDDAEC3B459FE54D" box="[583,694,1100,1126]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1­6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FD54EC3B45C1E54D" box="[713,744,1100,1126]" captionStart="FIGURES 22­25" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-86@4.[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 22­25. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae: 22) Cribrarula gravida sp. nov., holotype (AMS C. 91000), New South Wales, Australia ­ arrows point to two differences from other radulae shown here (see discussion); 23) C. cribraria melwardi (DMNH 31496), Swinger Reef, Queensland, Australia; 24) C. cribraria cribraria (USNM 773496), Mamanuca Group, Fiji; and 25) C. cribraria cribraria (melanic) (ANSP 271247), Baie Ouemo, New Caledonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">22</figureCitation>
) deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney,
<collectionCode id="ED78AE32FFF8FF83FE95EC03466EE5A5" box="[264,327,1140,1166]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">AMS</collectionCode>
C. 91000 (length
<quantity id="4C919B12FFF8FF83FDBCEC0345B4E5A5" box="[545,669,1140,1166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5149999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="35.15">35.15 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4C919B12FFF8FF83FD68EC034459E5A5" box="[757,880,1140,1166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="22.1">22.10 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4C919B12FFF8FF83FC53EC034363E5A5" box="[974,1098,1140,1166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="18.25">18.25 mm</quantity>
, 20 columellar and 21 labral teeth, umbilicus (spire region) diameter
<quantity id="4C919B12FFF8FF83FCD7ECEB449FE59D" box="[842,950,1180,1206]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.20 mm</quantity>
; see
<tableCitation id="C6EB034CFFF8FF83FC73ECEB436DE59D" box="[1006,1092,1180,1206]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,352,285,309]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of shell characters, showing average figures or most common conditions." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF16667FFFFCFF87FE95E96A423EE01E" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" tableUuid="DF16667FFFFCFF87FE95E96A423EE01E">Table 1</tableCitation>
for additional measurements and comparison with other material). The radula of the
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFF8FF83FB82ECB343ACE5F5" box="[1055,1157,1220,1246]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was prepared and mounted on two SEM stubs and deposited at the
<collectionCode id="ED78AE32FFF8FF83FCEAEC9B449EE42D" box="[887,951,1260,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">AMS</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED78AE32FFF8FF83FC5BEC9B432EE42D" box="[966,1031,1260,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">AMS</collectionCode>
C. 91000). Two samples of genomic DNA obtained from the holotype’s dried tissue were deposited in the tissue collection of the Australian Museum's Evolutionary Biology Unit (EBU # 11517 and 11518). Additionally, a cast of the
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFF8FF83FD02ED13442FE455" box="[671,774,1380,1406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
shell made from a protective coat of clear nail polish (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FEFDEDFB469FE48D" box="[352,438,1420,1446]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="11.[264,339,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[529,1058,1089,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-385@11.[529,1058,1089,1507]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 28. Holotype of C. gravida sp. nov. and its cast made of clear nail polish, used to protect the glossy exterior surface of the shell against the slightly etching buffer used during in situ digestion of the dried tissue in the shell (Moretzsohn and de Couet, in prep.). After the digestion is complete, the polish coat is peeled away, and if done carefully, a perfect cast of the shell can be obtained. Note that the polish removed the China ink used to write the catalog number on the shell labrum. The cast was also returned to the Australian Museum, and now is part of the lot AMS C. 91000." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) (used to protect the shell during tissue digestion with a protease) was also deposited with the
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFF8FF83FE7BEDC34565E4E5" box="[486,588,1460,1486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED78AE32FFF8FF83FDC1EDC345B4E4E5" box="[604,669,1460,1486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">AMS</collectionCode>
C. 91000).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFF8FF83FEA5EDAB438BE735" blockId="1.[264,1325,1099,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="3B013CAAFFF8FF83FEA5EDAB43B7E735" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320613301" country="Australia" elevation="18" latitude="-30.94" location="Fish Rock" longLatPrecision="121" longitude="153.09833" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFF8FF83FEA5EDAB465BE4DD" box="[312,370,1500,1526]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<location id="8EB6602CFFF8FF83FE42EDAB4570E4DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087E1FFF8FF84FE95EB934425E365:8EB6602CFFF8FF83FE42EDAB4570E4DD" box="[479,601,1500,1526]" country="Australia" latitude="-30.94" longLatPrecision="121" longitude="153.09833" name="Fish Rock" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="New South Wales">Fish Rock</location>
, south side,
<locationDeviation id="9A642FD5FFF8FF83FD7AEDAB4320E4DD" box="[743,1033,1500,1526]" location="Smoky Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<quantity id="4C919B12FFF8FF83FD7AEDAB4408E4DD" box="[743,801,1500,1526]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
SE of Smoky Cape
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="49ADF815FFF8FF83FB88EDAB43C1E4DD" box="[1045,1256,1500,1526]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7667FFF8FF83FB6EEDAB466EE735" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5030FFF8FF83FECEEE7346FAE735" box="[339,467,1540,1566]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="56.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="92" value="-30.94">30 56.4’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5030FFF8FF83FE42EE734576E735" box="[479,607,1540,1566]" degrees="153" direction="east" minutes="5.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="92" value="153.09833">153 5.9’E</geoCoordinate>
(
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FDF2EE7345EFE735" box="[623,710,1540,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="9.[864,968,1108,1132]" captionTargetBox="[298,828,1110,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-324@9.[298,828,1110,1845]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 27. Map of Eastern Australia showing the type locality of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov., Smoky Cape, NSW, 030°56.4'S, 153°5.9'E (N), as well as locality records of C. cribraria cribraria and C. cribraria melwardi (x) used in the multivariate analysis (Fig. 26) of shell characters to compare with the new species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093019/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
), collected at
<elevation id="0044D1C4FFF8FF83FCF4EE7344C4E735" box="[873,1005,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="18.0">
<quantity id="4C919B12FFF8FF83FCF4EE73448CE735" box="[873,933,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
outside a cave
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFF8FF83FEA5EE5B4555E7BD" blockId="1.[264,1325,1099,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis: Large inflated pyriform shell, rostrate extremities, with large elliptical dorsal spots, no marginal spots, columellar teeth thicker than in other congeneric species, flared dorsal anterior extremity.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFF8FF83FEA5EED346E8E795" blockId="1.[264,1325,1099,1886]" box="[312,449,1700,1726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFF8FF80FEA5EEBB4322E4BD" blockId="1.[264,1325,1099,1886]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Shell (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FE18EEBB46CEE7CD" box="[389,487,1740,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs.1­6</figureCitation>
): The shell of the
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFF8FF83FD5DEEBB440FE7CD" box="[704,806,1740,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is large for the genus (
<quantity id="4C919B12FFF8FF83FBAFEEBB4383E7CD" box="[1074,1194,1740,1766]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5149999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="35.15">35.15 mm</quantity>
in length), pyriform in dorsal profile, with produced extremities (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FC17EE8344E6E625" box="[906,975,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) and thick marginal calluses. The base and labrum are convex (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFF8FF83FD03EF6B4422E61D" box="[670,779,1820,1846]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 4­6</figureCitation>
), and the shell is considerably inflated dorsoventrally (shell width/length ratio is 62.9%, and height/width ratio 82.6%). The aperture is slightly constricted at the center (minimum width is
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFBFF80FCECE96B44F4E01D" box="[881,989,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.10 mm</quantity>
, maximum width
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFBFF80FB2FE96B4236E01D" box="[1202,1311,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.70 mm</quantity>
), and curved to the left. Labral teeth (21) are thick, extending about 64% of the labrum width (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FEC0E91B468FE0AD" box="[349,422,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Columellar teeth (20) are thicker than those on shells of most congeneric species, not extending far onto the base, but reaching deeply into the aperture, and forming distinctly ribbed fossula and peristome. Both the fossula and peristome are sloped, concave, and wide. The terminal ridge is long, thick, and nearly parallel to the labrum’s anterior extremity. The gap between the terminal ridge and anterior columellar teeth is similar in width to neighboring intertooth spaces. The base, labral and columellar margins and extremities are white. The white marginal calluses obliterate the dorsal pattern up to about half of the shell height on each side (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FD54EAF34417E3B5" box="[713,830,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2, 4</figureCitation>
). There are no marginal spots (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FB2BEAF3420AE3B5" box="[1206,1315,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 2, 4</figureCitation>
) (common on the shells of most species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FC98EADB44AFE3EE" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1929" box="[773,902,684,709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FC98EADB44AFE3EE" box="[773,902,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cribrarula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but rare in shells of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FB17EADB4230E3EE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1162,1305,684,709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cribraria">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FB17EADB4230E3EE" box="[1162,1305,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The labrum is thick, keeled and forming a marginal sulcus near the extremities (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FB4FEAA34230E3C5" box="[1234,1305,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The anterior region of the labrum is declivous towards the aperture (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FBB1EA8B435DE23D" box="[1068,1140,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), and the labral margin is upturned at the center (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FD0EEB53442FE215" box="[659,774,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
). Both the labral and columellar marginal calluses are irregular, forming slightly crenulated margins (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FC35EB3B44D9E24D" box="[936,1008,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The dorsum is distinctly convex, its highest point about
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFBFF80FD17EB0345DCE2A5" box="[650,757,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="23.4">23.4 mm</quantity>
from the anterior extremity (67% of the shell length). The dorsum is light brown, densely peppered with 88 off­white elliptical spots of variable size (ranging in maximum diameter from
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFBFF80FCFAEBB34319E2F5" box="[871,1072,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.8">2.80 to 3.50 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FBD7EBB343B8E2F5" box="[1098,1169,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The dorsal spots are not very distinct, and there are no darker rings around the dorsal spots. The dorsal line is not well defined, but there are patches with overlaid “double exposure” (
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FB74EC634203E506" box="[1257,1322,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B06FFFBFF80FE95EC4B4699E57D" author="Savazzi, E." box="[264,432,1084,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="15 - 27" refId="ref6812" refString="Savazzi, E. (1998) The colour patterns of cypraeid gastropods. Lethaia 31, 15 - 27." type="journal article" year="1998">Savazzi, 1998</bibRefCitation>
) pigmented layers along a region corresponding to the dorsal line (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FB45EC4B4630E555" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
). There are also smaller patches of overlaid pigmented layers on other parts of the dorsum. The dorsal line region forms an angle of about 40º with the base of the shell (dorsal line angle) when seen from the anterior canal (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FCA5ECC344A8E5E5" box="[824,897,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The dorsal coat produced by both lobes of the mantle is similar in color, but the dorsal spots produced by the right mantle lobe are slightly smaller than those produced by the left lobe (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FC43ED73430AE435" box="[990,1059,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
vs.
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FBCEED7343BEE435" box="[1107,1175,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The umbilicus (spire region) is wide (c.
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFBFF80FDE9ED5B45E6E46D" box="[628,719,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
in diameter) and slightly umbilicated (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FB00ED5B43CFE46D" box="[1181,1254,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The extremities are rostrated, and both anterior and posterior canals have thick margins (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FB6CED23461FE4BD" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
). The dorsal part of the anterior canal is flared up (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FC11ED0B44D4E4BD" box="[908,1021,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-215@3.[264,1323,489,1481]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2, 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFBFF80FEA5EDD34405E726" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Animal: The animal was dried inside the shell, with part of the mantle showing inside the aperture, the mantle bore apparently simple papillae: short, finger­like in the dry state, similar to those of other species of
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FD3EED834405E726" box="[675,812,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FD3EED83440EE726" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1929" box="[675,807,1524,1549]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Cribrarula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFBFF80FEA5EE6B454AE665" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Radula (
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FE00EE6B46DCE71D" box="[413,501,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 22­25" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-86@4.[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 22­25. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae: 22) Cribrarula gravida sp. nov., holotype (AMS C. 91000), New South Wales, Australia ­ arrows point to two differences from other radulae shown here (see discussion); 23) C. cribraria melwardi (DMNH 31496), Swinger Reef, Queensland, Australia; 24) C. cribraria cribraria (USNM 773496), Mamanuca Group, Fiji; and 25) C. cribraria cribraria (melanic) (ANSP 271247), Baie Ouemo, New Caledonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014159/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
): The radula of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FD26EE6B4413E71E" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[699,826,1564,1589]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FD26EE6B4413E71E" box="[699,826,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFBFF80FCD9EE6B4489E71D" box="[836,928,1564,1590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a typical radula of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FB37EE6B4202E71E" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1929" box="[1194,1323,1564,1589]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FB37EE6B4202E71E" box="[1194,1323,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cribrarula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the ‘Cicercula’ pattern of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B06FFFBFF80FDCDEE3344F0E775" author="Bradner, H. &amp; Kay, E. A." box="[592,985,1604,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref6292" refString="Bradner, H. &amp; Kay, E. A. (1996) An Atlas of Cowrie Radulae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeoidea: Cypraeidae). The Festivus, XXVIII, 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1996">Bradner and Kay, 1996:125­147</bibRefCitation>
). The central tooth has two rounded basal denticles (left arrow in
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FD55EE1B4409E7AD" box="[712,800,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 22­25" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-86@4.[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 22­25. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae: 22) Cribrarula gravida sp. nov., holotype (AMS C. 91000), New South Wales, Australia ­ arrows point to two differences from other radulae shown here (see discussion); 23) C. cribraria melwardi (DMNH 31496), Swinger Reef, Queensland, Australia; 24) C. cribraria cribraria (USNM 773496), Mamanuca Group, Fiji; and 25) C. cribraria cribraria (melanic) (ANSP 271247), Baie Ouemo, New Caledonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014159/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). The outer marginal teeth have a small projection (right arrow in
<figureCitation id="13522A72FFFBFF80FD89EEE34540E785" box="[532,617,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 22­25" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-86@4.[264,1323,320,1649]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 22­25. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae: 22) Cribrarula gravida sp. nov., holotype (AMS C. 91000), New South Wales, Australia ­ arrows point to two differences from other radulae shown here (see discussion); 23) C. cribraria melwardi (DMNH 31496), Swinger Reef, Queensland, Australia; 24) C. cribraria cribraria (USNM 773496), Mamanuca Group, Fiji; and 25) C. cribraria cribraria (melanic) (ANSP 271247), Baie Ouemo, New Caledonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014159/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) near the outer margin that was not seen in radulae of other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FE16EECB4525E7FE" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1929" box="[395,524,1724,1749]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FE16EECB4525E7FE" box="[395,524,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cribrarula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The average size of the central tooth of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FB94EECB43A3E7FE" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[1033,1162,1724,1749]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FB94EECB43A3E7FE" box="[1033,1162,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFBFF80FB08EECB43DAE7FD" box="[1173,1267,1724,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was 108.4 x
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFBFF80FEF4EE9346F2E7D5" box="[361,475,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.355" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="93.55">93.55 m</quantity>
(n= 18), and central tooth L/W ratio was 1.19 (n= 14) in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFBFF80FB1EEE934228E7D6" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[1155,1281,1764,1789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFBFF80FB1EEE934228E7D6" box="[1155,1281,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFBFF80FA94EE934610E60D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The radular ribbon had an average width of
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFBFF80FCC1EF7B4492E60D" box="[860,955,1804,1830]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="595.0">595 m</quantity>
, with an average 11.4 rows of teeth per mm of radula (n=4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFAFF81FEA5E96B4547E085" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Odontophore cartilage: The pair of odontophore cartilages conforms to that of congeneric species: falciform elongated, with a spongy texture, and cream in color, except that it is larger, about double of the size of the odontophores of other species in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFAFF81FBFBE91B43CEE0AE" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1929" box="[1126,1255,364,389]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FBFBE91B43CEE0AE" box="[1126,1255,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cribrarula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(estimated at about four mm long).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF16667FFFFAFF81FE95ED94438BE666" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5014157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014157/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[264,382,1507,1531]" targetBox="[264,1323,489,1481]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFAFF81FE95ED94438BE666" blockId="3.[264,1323,1507,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FE95ED94454EE4D0" bold="true" box="[264,615,1507,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFAFF81FD0FED93444DE4D0" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[658,868,1508,1531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FD0FED93444DE4D0" box="[658,868,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cribrarula gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FCF0ED9444EEE4D0" bold="true" box="[877,967,1507,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFAFF81FCF0ED9444EEE4D0" box="[877,967,1507,1531]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity;
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FB7EEE5943D0E76D" bold="true" box="[1251,1273,1582,1606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7)</emphasis>
pigmented shell of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFAFF81FE5AEE2345E9E740" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1930" box="[455,704,1620,1643]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cribraria" subSpecies="melwardi">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FE5AEE2345E9E740" box="[455,704,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. cribraria melwardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556);
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FB6CEE244202E740" bold="true" box="[1265,1323,1619,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8-13)</emphasis>
holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFAFF81FE13EE0E4556E7BB" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1930" box="[398,639,1657,1680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cribraria" subSpecies="melwardi">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FE13EE0E4556E7BB" box="[398,639,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. cribraria melwardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Queensland (AMS C. 57743);
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FB80EE0E4369E7BA" bold="true" box="[1053,1088,1657,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">14)</emphasis>
large shell of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFAFF81FB7EEE0E4665E79D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cribraria">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FB7EEE0E4665E79D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(usually identified as
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FDC8EEE845B3E79D" box="[597,666,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">zadela</emphasis>
”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378);
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FB0DEEE943FEE79D" bold="true" box="[1168,1239,1694,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15-20)</emphasis>
typical shell of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFAFF81FEFAEEB34571E7F0" authority="cribraria" box="[359,600,1732,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cribraria" subSpecies="cribraria">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FEFAEEB34571E7F0" box="[359,600,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. cribraria cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FBB7EEB44364E7F0" bold="true" box="[1066,1101,1731,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21)</emphasis>
inflated shell of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFAFF81FA8FEEB3464BE62B" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gaskoini">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFAFF81FA8FEEB3464BE62B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. gaskoini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF16667FFFFDFF86FE95EEEA439FE614" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5014159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5014159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5014159/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[264,383,1693,1717]" targetBox="[264,1323,320,1649]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFDFF86FE95EEEA439FE614" blockId="4.[264,1323,1693,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FE95EEEA46E6E79E" bold="true" box="[264,463,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 22­25.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of radulae:
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FC20EEEA44F1E79E" bold="true" box="[957,984,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFDFF86FC71EEEA4396E79F" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[1004,1215,1693,1716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FC71EEEA4396E79F" box="[1004,1215,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cribrarula gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FB57EEEA4643E7FC" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFDFF86FB57EEEA420CE79E" box="[1226,1317,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype
</emphasis>
(AMS C. 91000), New South Wales, Australia ­ arrows point to two differences from other radulae shown here (see discussion);
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FD7AEE95442BE7D1" bold="true" box="[743,770,1762,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">23</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFDFF86FC88EE94432EE7D1" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1930" box="[789,1031,1763,1786]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cribraria" subSpecies="melwardi">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FC88EE94432EE7D1" box="[789,1031,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. cribraria melwardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DMNH 31496), Swinger Reef, Queensland, Australia;
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FDDAEF72454BE636" bold="true" box="[583,610,1797,1821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">24</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFDFF86FDEEEF724476E637" authority="cribraria" box="[627,863,1797,1820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cribraria" subSpecies="cribraria">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FDEEEF724476E637" box="[627,863,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. cribraria cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 773496), Mamanuca Group, Fiji; and
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FEA8EF504666E614" bold="true" box="[309,335,1831,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFDFF86FEC2EF5F4560E614" authority="cribraria" box="[351,585,1832,1855]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cribraria" subSpecies="cribraria">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFDFF86FEC2EF5F4560E614" box="[351,585,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. cribraria cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(melanic) (ANSP 271247), Baie Ouemo, New Caledonia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF16667FFFFCFF87FE95E96A423EE01E" ID-Table-UUID="DF16667FFFFCFF87FE95E96A423EE01E" box="[264,1303,285,309]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF16667FFFFCFF87FE95E96A423EE01E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[264,352,285,309]" targetBox="[270,1315,350,1534]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFCFF87FE95E96A423EE01E" blockId="5.[264,1303,285,309]" box="[264,1303,285,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FE95E96A4652E01E" bold="true" box="[264,379,285,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of shell characters, showing average figures or most common conditions.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFCFF87FE50E929420BE4D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table id="F969C457FFFC007DFE93E929420AE4D5" box="[270,1315,350,1534]" gridcols="8" gridrows="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93E929420AE0A6" box="[270,1315,350,397]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25E929450DE0A6" box="[440,548,350,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FE50E929453AE0A6" box="[461,531,350,397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFCFF87FE50E9294526E05B" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[461,527,350,368]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">gravida</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFCFF87FE4CE90C453AE0A6" box="[465,531,379,397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABE92945B6E0A6" box="[566,671,350,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FDD8E92945ACE0A6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">crib. cri­ braria</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DE9294404E0A6" box="[688,813,350,397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FD46E9294401E0A6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">crib. exmouthensis</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7E9294480E0A6" box="[826,937,350,397]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FCD5E92944A3E0A6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">crib. mel­ wardi</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24E929430EE0A6" box="[953,1063,350,397]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFCFF87FC59E9294336E05B" baseAuthorityName="Duclos" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[964,1055,350,368]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="esontropia">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FC59E9294336E05B" box="[964,1055,350,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">esontropia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAE9294385E0A6" box="[1079,1196,350,397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFCFF87FBC4E92943A0E05B" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1113,1161,350,368]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FBC4E92943A0E05B" box="[1113,1161,350,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24E929420AE0A6" box="[1209,1315,350,397]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFCFF87FB57E929423BE05B" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1226,1298,350,368]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gaskoini">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FB57E929423BE05B" box="[1226,1298,350,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">gaskoini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93E9D4420AE0CD" box="[270,1315,419,486]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93E9D44683E0CD" box="[270,426,419,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Shell shape</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25E9D4450DE0CD" box="[440,548,419,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pyriform, inflated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABE9D445B6E0CD" box="[566,671,419,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate, not inflated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DE9D44404E0CD" box="[688,813,419,486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pyriform­ rhomboidal</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7E9D44480E0CD" box="[826,937,419,486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate cal­ lous</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24E9D4430EE0CD" box="[953,1063,419,486]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oval to rhomboidal</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAE9D44385E0CD" box="[1079,1196,419,486]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pyriform, somewhat inflated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24E9D4420AE0CD" box="[1209,1315,419,486]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovate cal­ lous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93E989420AE302" box="[270,1315,510,553]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93E9894683E302" box="[270,426,510,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Shell length (Ave/ range)</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25E989450DE302" box="[440,548,510,553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">35.2</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABE98945B6E302" box="[566,671,510,553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.5/ 11­45</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DE9894404E302" box="[688,813,510,553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.0/ 14­42</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7E9894480E302" box="[826,937,510,553]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.7/ 15­26</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24E989430EE302" box="[953,1063,510,553]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.2/ 12­32</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAE9894385E302" box="[1079,1196,510,553]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">31.3/ 20­36</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24E989420AE302" box="[1209,1315,510,553]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.3/ 10­30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EA36420AE3AF" box="[270,1315,577,644]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EA364683E3AF" box="[270,426,577,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marginal calluses</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EA36450DE3AF" box="[440,548,577,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Callused</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEA3645B6E3AF" box="[566,671,577,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Some shells callused</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEA364404E3AF" box="[688,813,577,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Some shells very callused</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EA364480E3AF" box="[826,937,577,644]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Very callused</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EA36430EE3AF" box="[953,1063,577,644]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Very callused</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEA364385E3AF" box="[1079,1196,577,644]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Somewhat callused</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EA36420AE3AF" box="[1209,1315,577,644]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Some shells very cal­ lused</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EAEC420AE3ED" box="[270,1315,667,710]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EAEC4683E3ED" box="[270,426,667,710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marginal spots (Color/ Ave. No.)</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EAEC450DE3ED" box="[440,548,667,710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">No spots</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEAEC45B6E3ED" box="[566,671,667,710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">No spots</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEAEC4404E3ED" box="[688,813,667,710]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">No spots</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EAEC4480E3ED" box="[826,937,667,710]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">No spots</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EAEC430EE3ED" box="[953,1063,667,710]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Light brown/ 20</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEAEC4385E3ED" box="[1079,1196,667,710]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">No spots</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EAEC420AE3ED" box="[1209,1315,667,710]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brown/ 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EAA9420AE222" box="[270,1315,734,777]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EAA94683E222" box="[270,426,734,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Columellar teeth (Ave./ thickness)</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EAA9450DE222" box="[440,548,734,777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20, medium</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEAA945B6E222" box="[566,671,734,777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18.2, fine</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEAA94404E222" box="[688,813,734,777]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.7, medium­ fine</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EAA94480E222" box="[826,937,734,777]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.1, medium­fine</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EAA9430EE222" box="[953,1063,734,777]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.2, fine­ medium</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEAA94385E222" box="[1079,1196,734,777]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.6, fine</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EAA9420AE222" box="[1209,1315,734,777]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.5, fine</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EB56420AE267" box="[270,1315,801,844]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EB564683E267" box="[270,426,801,844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Labral teeth (Ave/ thickness.)</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EB56450DE267" box="[440,548,801,844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21, thick</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEB5645B6E267" box="[566,671,801,844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.2, medium</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEB564404E267" box="[688,813,801,844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.2, medium</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EB564480E267" box="[826,937,801,844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.3, medium</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EB56430EE267" box="[953,1063,801,844]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.1, me­ dium­thick</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEB564385E267" box="[1079,1196,801,844]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.9, medium</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EB56420AE267" box="[1209,1315,801,844]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.7, fine­ medium</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EB14420AE28D" box="[270,1315,867,934]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EB144683E28D" box="[270,426,867,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dorsal coat color</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EB14450DE28D" box="[440,548,867,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Light brown</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEB1445B6E28D" box="[566,671,867,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orange brown to brown</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEB144404E28D" box="[688,813,867,934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brown to dark brown</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EB144480E28D" box="[826,937,867,934]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">White to light brown</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EB14430EE28D" box="[953,1063,867,934]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Light to medium brown</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEB144385E28D" box="[1079,1196,867,934]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Light to dark yellow</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EB14420AE28D" box="[1209,1315,867,934]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orange brown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EBC9420AE2C2" box="[270,1315,958,1001]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EBC94683E2C2" box="[270,426,958,1001]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Shell extremities</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EBC9450DE2C2" box="[440,548,958,1001]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rostrated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEBC945B6E2C2" box="[566,671,958,1001]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Slightly ros­ trated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEBC94404E2C2" box="[688,813,958,1001]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Slightly ros­ trated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EBC94480E2C2" box="[826,937,958,1001]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Blunt</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EBC9430EE2C2" box="[953,1063,958,1001]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Slightly ros­ trated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEBC94385E2C2" box="[1079,1196,958,1001]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rostrated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EBC9420AE2C2" box="[1209,1315,958,1001]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Slightly ros­ trated</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EC76420AE507" box="[270,1315,1025,1068]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EC764683E507" box="[270,426,1025,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fossula</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EC76450DE507" box="[440,548,1025,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sloped, con­ cave</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEC7645B6E507" box="[566,671,1025,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Steep, con­ cave</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEC764404E507" box="[688,813,1025,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Abrupt, flat</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EC764480E507" box="[826,937,1025,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Steep, con­ cave</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EC76430EE507" box="[953,1063,1025,1068]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Steep, flat</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEC764385E507" box="[1079,1196,1025,1068]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sloped, con­ cave</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EC76420AE507" box="[1209,1315,1025,1068]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Steep, con­ cave</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EC34420AE545" box="[270,1315,1091,1134]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EC344683E545" box="[270,426,1091,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Umbilicus diame­ ter (Ave in mm)</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EC34450DE545" box="[440,548,1091,1134]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.2/ slightly umbilicated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEC3445B6E545" box="[566,671,1091,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.8/ umbili­ cated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEC344404E545" box="[688,813,1091,1134]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.3/ umbili­ cated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EC344480E545" box="[826,937,1091,1134]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.4/ umbili­ cated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EC34430EE545" box="[953,1063,1091,1134]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.2/ umbili­ cated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEC344385E545" box="[1079,1196,1091,1134]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.6/ umbili­ cated</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EC34420AE545" box="[1209,1315,1091,1134]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.7/ umbilicated</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93ECF1420AE59A" box="[270,1315,1158,1201]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93ECF14683E59A" box="[270,426,1158,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dorsal flare (ante­ rior extremity)</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25ECF1450DE59A" box="[440,548,1158,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Flared</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABECF145B6E59A" box="[566,671,1158,1201]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Flared</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DECF14404E59A" box="[688,813,1158,1201]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Most shells flared</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7ECF14480E59A" box="[826,937,1158,1201]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Convex in most shells</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24ECF1430EE59A" box="[953,1063,1158,1201]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Some shells flared</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAECF14385E59A" box="[1079,1196,1158,1201]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Not flared</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24ECF1420AE59A" box="[1209,1315,1158,1201]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Flared</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93ECBE420AE5DF" box="[270,1315,1225,1268]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93ECBE4683E5DF" box="[270,426,1225,1268]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">No. Dorsal Spots (DS) (Ave./range)</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25ECBE450DE5DF" box="[440,548,1225,1268]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">88</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABECBE45B6E5DF" box="[566,671,1225,1268]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">50/ 25­120</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DECBE4404E5DF" box="[688,813,1225,1268]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">42/ 35­77</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7ECBE4480E5DF" box="[826,937,1225,1268]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">28/ 0­90</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24ECBE430EE5DF" box="[953,1063,1225,1268]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">70/ 45­190</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAECBE4385E5DF" box="[1079,1196,1225,1268]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">50/ 35­75</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24ECBE420AE5DF" box="[1209,1315,1225,1268]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">65/ 45­170</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93ED7C420AE41D" box="[270,1315,1291,1334]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93ED7C4683E41D" box="[270,426,1291,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">DS shape/ min.­ max. diameter</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25ED7C450DE41D" box="[440,548,1291,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elliptical/ 2.8­3.5</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABED7C45B6E41D" box="[566,671,1291,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Round/ 1.2­2.2</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DED7C4404E41D" box="[688,813,1291,1334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elliptical/ 1.1­2.3</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7ED7C4480E41D" box="[826,937,1291,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Round­irreg­ ular/ 0.7­1.2</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24ED7C430EE41D" box="[953,1063,1291,1334]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Round­ellip­ tical/ 1.0­2.1</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAED7C4385E41D" box="[1079,1196,1291,1334]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elliptical/ 1.3­2.4</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24ED7C420AE41D" box="[1209,1315,1291,1334]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Round/ 0.6­1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93ED39420AE4BA" box="[270,1315,1358,1425]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93ED394683E4BA" box="[270,426,1358,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">DS density/ sharpness</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25ED39450DE4BA" box="[440,548,1358,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">High /not sharp</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABED3945B6E4BA" box="[566,671,1358,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Medium/ sharp</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DED394404E4BA" box="[688,813,1358,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">High/not sharp</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7ED394480E4BA" box="[826,937,1358,1425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Medium /not sharp</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24ED39430EE4BA" box="[953,1063,1358,1425]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">High/sharp</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAED394385E4BA" box="[1079,1196,1358,1425]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Low­ medium/not sharp</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24ED39420AE4BA" box="[1209,1315,1358,1425]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Medium to high/sharp</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EDDE420AE497" box="[270,1315,1449,1468]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EDDE4683E497" box="[270,426,1449,1468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Schilders formula</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EDDE450DE497" box="[440,548,1449,1468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">35.63.19.18</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEDDE45B6E497" box="[566,671,1449,1468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.58.18.19</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEDDE4404E497" box="[688,813,1449,1468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.61.17.16</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EDDE4480E497" box="[826,937,1449,1468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.63.17.17</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EDDE430EE497" box="[953,1063,1449,1468]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.62.16.18</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEDDE4385E497" box="[1079,1196,1449,1468]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">31.59.20.22</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EDDE420AE497" box="[1209,1315,1449,1468]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.64.20.20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355934B5FFFC007DFE93EDA4420AE4D5" box="[270,1315,1491,1534]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE93EDA44683E4D5" box="[270,426,1491,1534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New formula</th>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFE25EDA4450DE4D5" box="[440,548,1491,1534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">35.2/ 62.9/ 6.2/ 2.0/ 0</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFDABEDA445B6E4D5" box="[566,671,1491,1534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.5/ 58.2/ 3.3/ 1.3/ 0.1</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFD2DEDA44404E4D5" box="[688,813,1491,1534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.0/ 60.6/ 3.3/ 1.7/ 0</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFCA7EDA44480E4D5" box="[826,937,1491,1534]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.7/ 63.2/ 3.4/ 1.8/ 0</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFC24EDA4430EE4D5" box="[953,1063,1491,1534]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23.2/ 62.0/ 3.2/ 1.3/ 2.1</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFBAAEDA44385E4D5" box="[1079,1196,1491,1534]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">31.3/ 59.4/ 4.5/ 1.0/ 0</td>
<td id="76885DC9FFFC007DFB24EDA4420AE4D5" box="[1209,1315,1491,1534]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17.3/ 63.2/ 2.6/ 1.1/ 1.3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFCFF87FEA5EE214423E613" blockId="5.[264,1324,1622,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Schilders’ formula: 35.63.19.18. The figures represent the following values for the
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFFCFF87FE95EE094647E7B3" box="[264,366,1662,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFCFF87FE08EE09453BE7BC" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[405,530,1662,1687]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFCFF87FE08EE09453BE7BC" box="[405,530,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFCFF87FD84EE094551E7B3" box="[537,632,1662,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: 1) shell length in mm (rounded up or down to closest integer); 2) shell width­length ratio as percent; 3) number of labral teeth; and 4) number of columellar teeth (both tooth counts are “reduced” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B06FFFCFF87FCC2EEB9438DE7C3" author="Schilder, F. A. &amp; Schilder, M." box="[863,1188,1742,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="119 - 231" refId="ref6857" refString="Schilder, F. A. &amp; Schilder, M. (1938 - 1939) Prodrome of a monograph on living Cypraeidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 23 (3 - 4), 119 - 231." type="journal article" year="1938">Schilder and Schilder 1938</bibRefCitation>
­1939: 123­ 124), representing the equivalent number of teeth in a hypothetical shell of
<quantity id="4C919B12FFFCFF87FB2FEE814220E63B" box="[1202,1289,1782,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
in length. The transformation is the following:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFCFF87FEA5EF3F439AE649" blockId="5.[264,1324,1622,1890]" box="[312,1203,1864,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Number of reduced teeth = 7 + (absolute tooth count – 7) (25/shell length)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFFFF84FEA5E96B442EE085" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
New formula: 35.2/ 62.9/ 6.2/ 2.0/ 0. The figures represent the following values for the
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFFFFF84FE95E9334647E075" box="[264,366,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFFFF84FE05E933453EE076" authority="Moretzsohn, 2002" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[408,535,324,349]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFFFF84FE05E933453EE076" box="[408,535,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E579EFFFFFF84FDBDE93345A9E075" box="[544,640,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: 1) shell length in mm; 2) shell width­length ratio as percent; 3) umbilicus (spire region) diameter in mm; 4) relative columella teeth thickness; and 5) labral spot size (Moretzsohn, in prep. E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636F7FFFFFF84FEA5E9CB4425E365" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Etymology: The epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C694D74FFFFFF84FDC0E9CB4591E0FE" authorityName="Moretzsohn" authorityYear="2002" box="[605,696,444,469]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cribrarula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravida">
<emphasis id="B91DEAE5FFFFFF84FDC0E9CB4591E0FE" box="[605,696,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">gravida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a noun in apposition, derived from the Portuguese, meaning pregnant, alluding to the inflated shell of the
<typeStatus id="54D28855FFFFFF84FC0DE99344D3E0D5" box="[912,1018,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. I dedicate this species to my wife, Heather, who was pregnant with our daughter Olivia when I first became convinced that this was an undescribed species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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