treatments-xml/data/03/E5/87/03E58798FFF8FFCE3393FF15CEE3FDF1.xml

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<mods:title id="F4C473B2DC2DCEBC16C576443DF111E9">Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AE28825FA2A24BE2EFBE2651BA8A2BE8">Hultgren, Kristin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBB35EAA6254147E7B97AD4AEC930ECB">Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4A5EF897B148622A003A7C322F1FC60F">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E58798FFF8FFCE3393FF15CEE3FDF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6192210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119398523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6192210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E58798FFF8FFCE3393FF15CEE3FDF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58798FFF8FFCE3393FF15CEE3FDF1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C3566505FFF8FFC33393FF15CEFDFED7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC33393FF15CE35FF7D" blockId="7.[151,535,151,212]" box="[151,535,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0BB81E2FFF8FFC33393FF15CE35FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,535,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC33393FF15CE35FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,535,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC33393FF15CDF0FF7D" ID-CoL="85YXL" box="[151,466,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC33393FF15CDF0FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,466,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synalpheus microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF8FFC332DDFF1ACE35FF7D" box="[473,535,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC33393FF3ECD0CFF19" blockId="7.[151,535,151,212]" box="[151,302,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC3339AFF3ECD04FF19" box="[158,294,188,212]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1455,1478]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1088,1111]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1916,1939]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox-0="[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetBox-1="[234,1352,193,1066]" captionTargetBox-2="[230,1356,619,1895]" captionTargetBox-3="[314,1272,193,1087]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[234,1352,193,1067]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[230,1356,619,1896]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[314,1272,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Holotype, ovigerous female, CL 2.72 mm (USNM 1154070, original VIMS BR 08 - 7001) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, carapace, anterior region, and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; allotype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, anterior carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; C, chela of major first pereopod, ventral view; D, same, dorsal view; E, same, anterior region; F, third maxilliped. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, D; 1.33 mm for B, 1.5 mm for C, E; 0.4 mm for F." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, minor first pereopod; B, same, distal region of fingers; C, second pereopod, setae not drawn; D, same, distal region. Scale bar = 0.33 mm for A, 0.16 mm for B, 1 mm for C, 0.4 mm for D." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, third pereopod; B, same, distal region; C, fourth pereopod; D, same, distal region; E, fifth pereopod; F, same, distal region. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, C, E; 0.27 mm for B, D, F." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.49 mm (USNM 1154071, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 1) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, abdomen, right side; paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, telson, dorsal view; C, distolateral margin of left uropodal exopod, dorsal view; paratypes, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 (USNM 1154073, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 3) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: D, distolateral margin of right uropodal exopod, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, 1.4 mm for B, 0.25 mm for C, D." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/208082/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/208083/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/208084/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/208085/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 3–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC33393FE86CEFDFED7" blockId="7.[151,735,259,282]" box="[151,735,259,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC33393FE86CD96FED4" box="[151,436,260,282]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC33393FE86CD28FED7" box="[151,266,260,282]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synalpheus</taxonomicName>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC33213FE86CD96FED4" box="[279,436,260,281]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus">microneptunus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
” in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF8FFC332E4FE81CEFDFED7" author="Hultgren" box="[480,735,259,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Hultgren, K. M. &amp; Duffy, J. E. (2011) Multi-locus phylogeny of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Caridea: Alpheidae: Synalpheus) supports morphology-based species concepts. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 31, 356 - 364." type="journal article" year="2011">Hultgren &amp; Duffy (2011)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566505FFF8FFC33393FEC5C84EFD27" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC33393FEC5CDA5FE07" blockId="7.[151,1437,326,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC33393FEC5CD1EFE92" bold="true" box="[151,316,326,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="54F7882CFFF8FFC33393FEC5CCF2FE92" box="[151,208,327,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
. 
<typeStatus id="54F7882CFFF8FFC33249FEC4CD98FE93" box="[333,442,326,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Ovigerous female, CL 
<quantity id="4CB49B6BFFF8FFC331CDFEC4CF0FFE93" box="[713,813,326,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.73">2.73 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC33038FEC4CFADFE93" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[828,911,326,350]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USNM</collectionCode>
1154070, original 
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC33762FEC4C88EFE93" box="[1126,1196,326,350]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR7001), Cement Factory (
<geoCoordinate id="EE785049FFF8FFC33204FEE8CD88FE4F" box="[256,426,362,386]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="13.2894">13°17'21.84&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE785049FFF8FFC332BEFEE8CE48FE4F" box="[442,618,362,386]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="-59.657703">59°39'27.72&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), from 
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC331C0FEEECFEBFE4E" box="[708,969,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC331C0FEEECFE7FE4E" box="[708,965,364,387]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">Xestospongia proxima</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="FFF2104EFFF8FFC330D0FEE8C86CFE4F" box="[980,1102,362,386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2008-10-21">21.X.2008</date>
. 
<typeStatus id="54F7882CFFF8FFC33758FEEEC8ECFE4E" box="[1116,1230,364,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC33758FEEEC8ECFE4E" box="[1116,1230,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 1 non-ovigerous individuals, CL 
<quantity id="4CB49B6BFFF8FFC33248FE0CCDCDFE6B" box="[332,495,398,422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.325" metricValueMax="2.49" metricValueMin="2.16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.325" valueMax="2.49" valueMin="2.16">2.16–2.49 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC332F9FE0CCE72FE6B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[509,592,398,422]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USNM</collectionCode>
1154071–1154082, original 
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC33094FE0CCFF4FE6B" box="[912,982,398,422]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR7002–1 to 7002–12), same collection data as 
<typeStatus id="54F7882CFFF8FFC33219FE30CDA1FE07" box="[285,387,434,458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC333C3FE54C84EFD27" blockId="7.[151,1437,326,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC333C3FE54CE17FE22" bold="true" box="[199,565,470,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
2 non-ovigerous individuals (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC3308CFE54CFF2FE23" box="[904,976,470,494]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR5103, 5703), Brandon’s Beach, no host recorded. 8 ovigerous females, 31 non-ovigerous individuals (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC3308DFE78CFF3FDDF" box="[905,977,506,530]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR3601–3, 4103–4, 5201–3, 5302–3, 5401–2), Brandon’s Beach, from 
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC33108FDA2CEADFDFB" box="[524,655,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC33108FDA2CEA9FDFB" box="[524,651,543,567]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">X. proxima</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
1 non-ovigerous individual (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC330D7FD9CC839FDFB" box="[979,1051,542,566]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR6301), Breach Reef, no host recorded. 1 ovigerous female, 3 non-ovigerous individuals (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC33056FDC0CFB8FD97" box="[850,922,578,602]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR6001–2, 6101), Breach Reef, from 
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC33680FDC6CCD9FDB3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC33680FDC6CCD5FDB3" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">X. proxima</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
1 non-ovigerous individual (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC33142FDE4CEAFFDB3" box="[582,653,614,638]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR6710), Cement Factory, no host recorded. 1 ovigerous female, 11 non-ovigerous individuals (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC332F1FD08CE1FFD6F" box="[501,573,650,674]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR301, 1701), Spawnee Reef, from 
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC3370CFD0EC8AFFD6E" box="[1032,1165,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC3370CFD0EC8ABFD6E" box="[1032,1161,652,675]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">X. proxima</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
2 ovigerous females, 8 non-ovigerous individuals (
<collectionCode id="ED5DAE4BFFF8FFC332D4FD2CCE35FD0B" box="[464,535,686,710]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VIMS</collectionCode>
08BR401, 2001–2, 2302), Spawnee Reef, from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF8FFC3374CFD2DC9B7FD0B" box="[1096,1429,686,710]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subtriangularis">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC3374CFD2DC9B7FD0B" box="[1096,1429,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xestospongia subtriangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Largest ovigerous female, CL 
<quantity id="4CB49B6BFFF8FFC332E8FD50CE70FD27" box="[492,594,722,746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.86">2.86 mm</quantity>
, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 
<quantity id="4CB49B6BFFF8FFC33705FD50C84AFD27" box="[1025,1128,722,746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.55">2.55 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566505FFF8FFCD33C1FD74CD81FADB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC333C1FD74CE6BFBC6" blockId="7.[151,1437,326,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF8FFC333C1FD74CD6DFCC2" bold="true" box="[197,335,758,783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
: Body subcylindrical; carapace smooth, sparsely setose, posterior margin with distinct cardiac notch. Rostrum longer and narrower than ocular hoods (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC33002FC98CF60FCFF" box="[774,834,794,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1455,1478]" captionTargetBox="[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Holotype, ovigerous female, CL 2.72 mm (USNM 1154070, original VIMS BR 08 - 7001) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, carapace, anterior region, and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; allotype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, anterior carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; C, chela of major first pereopod, ventral view; D, same, dorsal view; E, same, anterior region; F, third maxilliped. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, D; 1.33 mm for B, 1.5 mm for C, E; 0.4 mm for F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208082/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 3</figureCitation>
), latter dorsally convex; blunt distally, separated from rostrum by adrostral sinus. Stylocerite acute, with blunt tip reaching beyond midpoint of first segment of antennular peduncle. Basicerite with blunt projection on dorsomesial corner, with longer ventrolateral spine, latter not reaching third segment of antennular peduncle and about 3/4 length of scaphocerite. Scaphocerite with short blade ranging from vestigial to &lt;1/4 length of distolateral spine, latter robust, acute, reaching almost to distal end of third segment of antennular peduncle; lateral margin concave. Third maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC330F2FC4CC819FC2B" box="[1014,1083,974,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1455,1478]" captionTargetBox="[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Holotype, ovigerous female, CL 2.72 mm (USNM 1154070, original VIMS BR 08 - 7001) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, carapace, anterior region, and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; allotype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, anterior carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; C, chela of major first pereopod, ventral view; D, same, dorsal view; E, same, anterior region; F, third maxilliped. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, D; 1.33 mm for B, 1.5 mm for C, E; 0.4 mm for F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208082/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) with distal circlet of approximately seven spines on distal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC333C3FB94CE08F9CF" blockId="7.[151,1437,326,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Major first pereopod (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC332C9FB94CE36FBE3" box="[461,532,1046,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1455,1478]" captionTargetBox="[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[233,1354,181,1434]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Holotype, ovigerous female, CL 2.72 mm (USNM 1154070, original VIMS BR 08 - 7001) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, carapace, anterior region, and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; allotype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, anterior carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; C, chela of major first pereopod, ventral view; D, same, dorsal view; E, same, anterior region; F, third maxilliped. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, D; 1.33 mm for B, 1.5 mm for C, E; 0.4 mm for F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208082/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) massive, with fingers clearly shorter than half-length of palm; fixed finger slightly shorter than dactyl. Palm of chela with distodorsal protuberance tapering to acute point, curved toward dactyl. Minor first pereopod (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC332BEFBDCCDDCFBBB" box="[442,510,1118,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1088,1111]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[234,1352,193,1067]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, minor first pereopod; B, same, distal region of fingers; C, second pereopod, setae not drawn; D, same, distal region. Scale bar = 0.33 mm for A, 0.16 mm for B, 1 mm for C, 0.4 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208083/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) with palm less than two times longer than high; fingers clearly shorter than palm; dactyl with flexor margin concave, blade-like, with three distinct distal teeth, latter subequal in length; fixed finger with flexor margin excavate, trowel-like, and with single distal tooth.Second pereopod (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC33773FB24C89DFB73" box="[1143,1215,1190,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1088,1111]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[234,1352,193,1067]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, minor first pereopod; B, same, distal region of fingers; C, second pereopod, setae not drawn; D, same, distal region. Scale bar = 0.33 mm for A, 0.16 mm for B, 1 mm for C, 0.4 mm for D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208083/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) with carpus foursegmented, subequal in length to merus; chela fingers distally filiform.Third pereopod (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC33787FB48C8F2FB2F" box="[1155,1232,1226,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[230,1356,619,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[230,1356,619,1896]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, third pereopod; B, same, distal region; C, fourth pereopod; D, same, distal region; E, fifth pereopod; F, same, distal region. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, C, E; 0.27 mm for B, D, F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208084/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) slender; dactyl biunguiculate, mesial margin of flexor unguis strongly convex; propodus with row of five movable spines on flexor margin and one pair of distal movable spines flanking base of dactyl; carpus with distal movable spine on flexor margin; merus almost four times longer than wide, without movable spines. Fourth pereopod (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC337D3FAB4C93EFA83" box="[1239,1308,1334,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[230,1356,619,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[230,1356,619,1896]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, third pereopod; B, same, distal region; C, fourth pereopod; D, same, distal region; E, fifth pereopod; F, same, distal region. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, C, E; 0.27 mm for B, D, F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208084/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) similar to third, slightly weaker, with four spines on flexor margin of propodus. Fifth pereopod (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC3376DFAD8C88FFABF" box="[1129,1197,1370,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[230,1356,619,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[230,1356,619,1896]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, third pereopod; B, same, distal region; C, fourth pereopod; D, same, distal region; E, fifth pereopod; F, same, distal region. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, C, E; 0.27 mm for B, D, F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208084/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) weaker than fourth; carpus without distal spine; propodus with one spine on flexor margin and five transverse combs of stout setae on ventral face.First pleura (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC332B6FA20CDD7FA77" box="[434,501,1442,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[314,1272,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.49 mm (USNM 1154071, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 1) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, abdomen, right side; paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, telson, dorsal view; C, distolateral margin of left uropodal exopod, dorsal view; paratypes, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 (USNM 1154073, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 3) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: D, distolateral margin of right uropodal exopod, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, 1.4 mm for B, 0.25 mm for C, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208085/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) of male with posterior corner slightly produced ventrally into rounded bulge; second pleura of non-ovigerous individuals broadly rounded; third to fifth pleura of male with rounded anterior corner and slightly obtuse posterior corner.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF8FFC333C1F98CCF04F933" blockId="7.[151,1437,326,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Telson (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC3321AF98CCD40F9EB" box="[286,354,1550,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[314,1272,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.49 mm (USNM 1154071, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 1) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, abdomen, right side; paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, telson, dorsal view; C, distolateral margin of left uropodal exopod, dorsal view; paratypes, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 (USNM 1154073, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 3) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: D, distolateral margin of right uropodal exopod, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, 1.4 mm for B, 0.25 mm for C, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208085/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with convex marginal lobe on distal margin; posterior corners adjacent to spines obtuse. Dorsal spines large, clearly removed from lateral margins. Posterior margin with six setae between two sets of spines, lateral spines half-length of mesial. Distance between distal spines 35-50% width of telson distal margin. Width of distal margin of telson 40–45% width of base of telson. Uropods (
<figureCitation id="13772A0BFFF8FFC3307DF9F8CF9EF95F" box="[889,956,1658,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[314,1272,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Synalpheus microneptunus n. sp. Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.49 mm (USNM 1154071, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 1) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: A, abdomen, right side; paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 2) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: B, telson, dorsal view; C, distolateral margin of left uropodal exopod, dorsal view; paratypes, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 (USNM 1154073, original VIMS BR 08 - 7002 - 3) from Xestospongia proxima, Cement Factory, Barbados: D, distolateral margin of right uropodal exopod, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, 1.4 mm for B, 0.25 mm for C, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208085/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with three fixed teeth on distolateral margin of exopod; two of these teeth are subequal in size, one located anterior to the movable spine, the second (the lateral tooth of the diaeresis) is posterior to the movable spine. The third tooth is reduced in size and located between the larger teeth, in line with the base of the movable spine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF336606FFF7FFCC3393FA2DCE60F992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208082/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[233,1354,181,1434]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF7FFCC3393FA2DCE60F992" blockId="8.[151,1436,1455,1631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF7FFCC3393FA2DCD34FA08" bold="true" box="[151,278,1455,1478]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF7FFCC321BFA2DCE13FA0B" box="[287,561,1455,1478]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF7FFCC321BFA2DCE13FA0B" box="[287,561,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synalpheus microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF7FFCC313FFA32CE5AFA08" box="[571,632,1456,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF7FFCC313FFA32CE5AFA08" bold="true" box="[571,632,1456,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype, ovigerous female, CL 2.72 mm (USNM 1154070, original VIMS BR08-7001) from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF7FFCC3253FA4DCECCFA29" authority="Cement Factory" authorityName="Cement Factory" box="[343,750,1487,1508]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF7FFCC3253FA4DCE18FA29" box="[343,570,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xestospongia proxima</emphasis>
, Cement Factory
</taxonomicName>
, Barbados: A, carapace, anterior region, and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; allotype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR08-7002-2) from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF7FFCC362FFA6CCDEAF9EF" authority="Cement Factory" authorityName="Cement Factory" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF7FFCC362FFA6CCD31F9EF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xestospongia proxima</emphasis>
, Cement Factory
</taxonomicName>
, Barbados: B, anterior carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; C, chela of major first pereopod, ventral view; D, same, dorsal view; E, same, anterior region; F, third maxilliped. Scale bar = 1 mm for A, D; 1.33 mm for B, 1.5 mm for C, E; 0.4 mm for F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF336606FFF6FFCD3393FBC2CD05FB7F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208083/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[234,1352,193,1066]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF6FFCD3393FBC2CD05FB7F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1088,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3393FBC2CD34FB98" bold="true" box="[151,278,1088,1111]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD321BFBC2CE10FB9B" box="[287,562,1088,1110]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD321BFBC2CE10FB9B" box="[287,562,1088,1110]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synalpheus microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF6FFCD313FFBC3CE55FB9B" box="[571,631,1089,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD313FFBC3CE55FB9B" bold="true" box="[571,631,1089,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Paratype, non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.44 mm (USNM 1154072, original VIMS BR08-7002-2) from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD32B4FBE2CF67FBB8" authority="Cement Factory" authorityName="Cement Factory" box="[432,837,1119,1141]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD32B4FBE2CEB1FBB8" box="[432,659,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xestospongia proxima</emphasis>
, Cement Factory
</taxonomicName>
, Barbados: A, minor first pereopod; B, same, distal region of fingers; C, second pereopod, setae not drawn; D, same, distal region. Scale bar = 0.33 mm for A, 0.16 mm for B, 1 mm for C, 0.4 mm for D.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF6FFCD33C1FB5BCD81FADB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1241,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD33C1FB5BCD2CFB3F" bold="true" box="[197,270,1241,1266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Color.</emphasis>
Color in life pale, non-descript, distal portions of extremities tending towards dull yellow-orange; ovaries and embryos green.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566505FFF6FFCD33C1FAA0CDDAFA90" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF6FFCD33C1FAA0CDDAFA90" blockId="9.[151,1437,1241,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD33C1FAA0CD6EFAF7" bold="true" box="[197,332,1314,1338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from its small size and its affinity with species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3618FAA3CD13FA93" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraneptunus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3618FAA3CD13FA93" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synalpheus paraneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566505FFF6FFCD33C1FAEBC910F994" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF6FFCD33C1FAEBCD9EFA04" blockId="9.[151,1437,1241,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD33C1FAEBCD1BFA4F" bold="true" box="[197,313,1385,1410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Variation.</emphasis>
There is variation in the size of the scaphocerite blade: while the blade is extremely small and difficult to find in most individuals, it is more conspicuous in others, however, but never reaches 1/4 length of the lateral spine of scaphocerite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF6FFCD33C1FA54C910F994" blockId="9.[151,1437,1241,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD33C1FA54CD87FA23" bold="true" box="[197,421,1494,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hosts and ecology.</emphasis>
In 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF6FFCD32CAFA57CE19FA20" box="[462,571,1493,1517]" name="Barbados" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Barbados</collectingCountry>
, we have found 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD31FDFA54CF99FA23" box="[761,955,1494,1518]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD31FDFA54CF99FA23" box="[761,955,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF6FFCD30C1FA54C824FA23" box="[965,1030,1494,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD30C1FA54C824FA23" bold="true" box="[965,1030,1494,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
commonly in sponges in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3393FA78CD0CF9DC" box="[151,302,1530,1553]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3393FA78CD0CF9DC" box="[151,302,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xestospongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD323AFA78CD98F9DC" box="[318,442,1530,1553]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD323AFA78CD98F9DC" box="[318,442,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">X. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD32F6FA78CE9CF9DC" box="[498,702,1529,1553]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subtriangularis">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD32F6FA78CE9CF9DC" box="[498,702,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">X. subtriangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with only two individuals found associated with other sponges, possibly as “contaminants” that moved during field collection from adjacent or attached 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3785F99DC93AF9FB" box="[1153,1304,1567,1590]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3785F99DC93AF9FB" box="[1153,1304,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xestospongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (listed as no host recorded). In 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF6FFCD32A1F9C3CE33F994" box="[421,529,1601,1625]" name="Barbados" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Barbados</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3119F9C0CEFDF994" box="[541,735,1602,1625]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3119F9C0CEFDF994" box="[541,735,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF6FFCD31E1F9C0CF06F997" box="[741,804,1602,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD31E1F9C0CF06F997" bold="true" box="[741,804,1602,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears to be a specialist in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3761F9C0C8DEF994" box="[1125,1276,1602,1625]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3761F9C0C8DEF994" box="[1125,1276,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xestospongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566505FFF6FFCD33C1F9E7CD5CF96C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF6FFCD33C1F9E7CD5CF96C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1241,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD33C1F9E7CD7CF9B3" bold="true" box="[197,350,1637,1662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="54F7882CFFF6FFCD329CF9E4CDEAF9B3" box="[408,456,1638,1662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality is Cement Factory reef off the North-West coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF6FFCD376DF9E7C8F5F9B0" box="[1129,1239,1637,1661]" name="Barbados" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Barbados</collectingCountry>
. Presently known only from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF6FFCD3209F90BCD58F96C" box="[269,378,1673,1697]" name="Barbados" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Barbados</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566505FFF6FFCE33C1F92CCEE3FDF1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF3368EFFF6FFCE33C1F92CCEE3FDF1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1241,2021]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD33C1F92CCD1BF90B" bold="true" box="[197,313,1710,1734]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF6FFCD3244F92FCE66F908" author="Anker" box="[320,580,1709,1733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Anker, A. &amp; Toth, E. (2008) A preliminary revision of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 1915, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2008">Anker and Tóth (2008)</bibRefCitation>
recently reviewed 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD301EF92CC819F90B" box="[794,1083,1710,1734]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraneptunus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD301EF92CC819F90B" box="[794,1083,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synalpheus paraneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and separated five new species from 
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD33D3F950CE0BF924" box="[215,553,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD33D3F950CDFAF924" box="[215,472,1746,1769]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="paraneptunus" subSpecies="sensu">
S. paraneptunus 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF6FFCD329EF950CDFAF924" box="[410,472,1746,1769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
. This complex can be distinguished from the remainder of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD360DF950CCF8F8C3" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gambarelloides">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD360DF950CCF8F8C3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. gambarelloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the reduced setal brush on the dactyl of the minor chela, and the excavate, trowel-shaped flexor surface of the fixed finger of the minor chela. Although clearly a member of this complex, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3790F898C977F8FC" box="[1172,1365,1818,1841]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3790F898C977F8FC" box="[1172,1365,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF6FFCD3658F898C9B9F8FF" box="[1372,1435,1818,1842]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3658F898C9B9F8FF" bold="true" box="[1372,1435,1818,1842]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from all of the other species therein by several morphological characters. The most important diagnostic character is the consistent presence of four carpal segments on the second pereopod in both juveniles and adults of the new species; compared with five segments in all other taxa in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3774F804C908F853" box="[1136,1322,1926,1950]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraneptunus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3774F804C908F853" box="[1136,1322,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. paraneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD3393F82BCDE6F80C" box="[151,452,1961,1985]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD3393F82BCDE6F80C" box="[151,452,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synalpheus microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF6FFCD32CFF828CE28F80F" box="[459,522,1962,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD32CFF828CE28F80F" bold="true" box="[459,522,1962,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears to be most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD305BF828C888F80C" authority="Anker &amp; Toth, 2008" authorityName="Anker &amp; Toth" authorityYear="2008" box="[863,1194,1961,1985]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffyi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD305BF828CF9EF80C" box="[863,956,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. duffyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF6FFCD30C7F82BC888F80C" author="Anker" box="[963,1194,1961,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Anker, A. &amp; Toth, E. (2008) A preliminary revision of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 1915, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2008">Anker &amp; Tóth, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF6FFCD37E5F828CD30F828" authority="Anker &amp; Toth, 2008" authorityName="Anker &amp; Toth" authorityYear="2008" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riosi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF6FFCD37E5F828C913F80C" box="[1249,1329,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. ríosi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF6FFCD363DF82BCD30F828" author="Anker" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Anker, A. &amp; Toth, E. (2008) A preliminary revision of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 1915, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2008">
Anker &amp; Tóth, 
<quantity id="4CB49B6BFFF6FFCD33DEF84FCD30F828" box="[218,274,1997,2021]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10032" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="2008.0">2008</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in that all three species possess a blade on the scaphocerite. However, while all three species also have three teeth on the distolateral margin of the uropodal exopod, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE3067FF1AC801FF7D" box="[867,1059,152,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3067FF1AC801FF7D" box="[867,1059,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF5FFCE372EFF1AC84AFF7D" box="[1066,1128,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE372EFF1AC84AFF7D" bold="true" box="[1066,1128,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the middle tooth is consistently reduced in size and located directly in line with the movable spine, whereas in both 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE378EFF3FC8C4FF19" box="[1162,1254,188,212]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffyi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE378EFF3FC8C4FF19" box="[1162,1254,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. duffyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE3618FF3FC949FF19" box="[1308,1387,189,212]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riosi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3618FF3FC949FF19" box="[1308,1387,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. riosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the middle tooth is anterior to the moveable spine and subequal in size to the other teeth. Colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE37DFFF62C9BEFF35" box="[1243,1436,224,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE37DFFF62C9BEFF35" box="[1243,1436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF5FFCE3393FE86CCF5FED1" box="[151,215,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3393FE86CCF5FED1" bold="true" box="[151,215,260,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
also appear to be consistently smaller than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE302EFE87CFA5FED1" box="[810,903,260,284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffyi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE302EFE87CFA5FED1" box="[810,903,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. duffyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, often with typically fewer than 10 individuals per colony (maximum = 15) in 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF5FFCE32FFFEA5CE4AFEF2" box="[507,616,295,319]" name="Barbados" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Barbados</collectingCountry>
; in contrast, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE31FEFEAACF74FE8D" box="[762,854,296,320]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffyi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE31FEFEAACF74FE8D" box="[762,854,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. duffyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in colonies of up to 81 individuals at its 
<typeStatus id="54F7882CFFF5FFCE3393FECFCCE5FEA8" box="[151,199,333,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality in 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF5FFCE324CFECECD52FEA9" box="[328,368,332,356]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Isla</collectingCountry>
Grande, 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF5FFCE32DDFECFCE10FEA9" box="[473,562,333,356]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF5FFCE3145FECECF05FEA9" author="Anker" box="[577,807,332,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Anker, A. &amp; Toth, E. (2008) A preliminary revision of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 1915, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2008">Anker &amp; Tóth 2008</bibRefCitation>
), and typically had 50–60 individuals in 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF5FFCE37F1FECEC972FEA9" box="[1269,1360,332,356]" name="Jamaica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF5FFCE365BFECECD46FE4A" author="Macdonald" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Macdonald, K. S., Hultgren, K. M. &amp; Duffy, J. E. (2009) The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 2199, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2009">Macdonald et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
), while 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE32B9FEF2CE2EFE45" box="[445,524,368,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riosi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE32B9FEF2CE2EFE45" box="[445,524,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. riosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only a single colony of 140 individuals from 
<collectingCountry id="F35B761EFFF5FFCE37BEFEEDC90BFE4A" box="[1210,1321,367,391]" name="Dominica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dominica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF5FFCE3633FEEDCD32FE61" author="Anker" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Anker, A. &amp; Toth, E. (2008) A preliminary revision of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 1915, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2008">Anker &amp; Tóth 2008</bibRefCitation>
). These differences in colony size may of course reflect the sizes of sponges occupied, but they appear nevertheless to be consistent across geographic regions. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE300FFE3AC815FE1D" box="[779,1079,440,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE300FFE3AC815FE1D" box="[779,1079,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synalpheus microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF5FFCE3738FE3AC859FE1D" box="[1084,1147,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3738FE3AC859FE1D" bold="true" box="[1084,1147,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also noticeably smaller than all other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE32EEFE5FCE87FE39" box="[490,677,477,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraneptunus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE32EEFE5FCE87FE39" box="[490,677,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paraneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. Finally, a new multi-locus phylogeny indicated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE3683FE5FCD1FFDD5" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microneptunus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3683FE5FCD1FFDD5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. microneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B57E7FFF5FFCE3241FD82CDA4FDD5" box="[325,390,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3241FD82CDA4FDD5" bold="true" box="[325,390,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears to be most closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE3039FD82CFB9FDD5" box="[829,923,512,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duffyi">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3039FD82CFB9FDD5" box="[829,923,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. duffyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to another undescribed species in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D0DFFF5FFCE3683FD82CD13FDF1" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Synalpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraneptunus">
<emphasis id="B938EA9CFFF5FFCE3683FD82CD13FDF1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paraneptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B7FFFF5FFCE32A3FDA6CE96FDF1" author="Hultgren" box="[423,692,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Hultgren, K. M. &amp; Duffy, J. E. (2011) Multi-locus phylogeny of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Caridea: Alpheidae: Synalpheus) supports morphology-based species concepts. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 31, 356 - 364." type="journal article" year="2011">Hultgren &amp; Duffy 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>