treatments-xml/data/03/FB/89/03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959.xml

<document id="2730E6CC37555915BA36B0A06B47A2F8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1322.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071123" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625504226731" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kurahashi, Hiromu &amp; Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H." docDate="2006" docId="03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01322p131.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1322 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1322.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFC2F17BF862FFF2FFB3FFE26465FF8C" masterDocTitle="The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698989797421" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6B14C4801A28F4AD271D565A9B8126C4">The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="657026C18BBA93F5E142F026D6908BBD">Kurahashi, Hiromu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="81BFBC6E210659289D15B4904AEB7660">Taxonomy and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1 - 23 - 1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162 - 8640, Japan. E-mail: fly @ nih. go. jp</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B4F0F7843791D5B26CA3B73EBA6D2FA">Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D56ACF97870F92F0AFDFE0C804670C8B">Research Associate, Entomology Centre, National Museum of Namibia, P. O. Box 1203, Windhoek, Namibia &amp; Present address: Head of Entomology, Albany Museum, Rhodes University, Somerset Street, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa. E-mail: a. kirk-spriggs @ ru. ac. za</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CB0FA85F2008DA8C61DE084F3022C166">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="165CED80ABD76C5E5495A3F0FF57DD85">2006</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF854FFC4FEBBFD996776FD1F" box="[264,787,635,660]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC4FEBBFD996776FD1F" blockId="54.[264,1323,635,1046]" box="[264,787,635,660]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D0A58F79F854FFC4FEBBFD996776FD1F" bold="true" box="[264,787,635,660]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FEBBFD996776FD1F" bold="true" box="[264,787,635,660]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Genus: 
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<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FED3FD9E65CAFD18" bold="true" box="[352,431,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lucilia</emphasis>
Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830: 452
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC4FEBBFD7D60C6FD3F" blockId="54.[264,1323,635,1046]" box="[264,1187,668,691]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="54E986B7F854FFC4FEBBFD7D6558FD3E" box="[264,317,671,690]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F854FFC4FEF7FD7D65F2FD3E" box="[324,407,671,690]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">SPECIES</collectionCode>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F854FFC4FE16FD7E6682FD3F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[421,743,668,691]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesar">
<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FE16FD7E665FFD3F" box="[421,570,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Musca caesar</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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, by designation of Macquart (1834: 162).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC4FEBBFD5D6049FB99" blockId="54.[264,1323,635,1046]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F854FFC4FEBBFD5D6528FD5E" box="[264,333,703,722]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">NOTES</collectionCode>
: The genus is distributed throughout the world, but is poorly represented in the Afrotropical Region, with only four species; not all of which are endemic to the Region (Zumpt 1956: 69). The taxonomy of the world species is revised by Aubertin (1933), who figures the terminalia of all known species. The detailed taxonomy of 
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<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FCAAFCFE674DFCBF" box="[793,808,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FC86FCFE67EDFCBF" box="[821,904,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">cuprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F854FFC4FC08FCFE6048FCBF" box="[955,1069,796,819]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericata">
<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FC08FCFE67AFFCBF" box="[955,970,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FC64FCFE6048FCBF" box="[983,1069,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">sericata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the two species known to occur in 
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and the most significant species from an economic perspective, is revised by Waterhouse and Paramonov (1950), and Rognes (1994) provides some useful characters for the separation of the two species. Most species of the genus are saprophagous in vertebrate carrion, although some species have evolved towards primary attack of live sheep, other mammals and Amphibia (Ferrar 1987: 86). Some species are, therefore, major veterinary pests in certain parts of the world. Diagnostic features and key characters to separate the 3 
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instar larvae of the two species occurring in 
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are provided by Erzinçlioğlu (1987).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF854FFC4FEBBFBDD653EFB19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524396F854FFC4FEBBFBDD6745FBD9" authority="(Wiedemann, 1830: 654) (Musca)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityPageNumber="654" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[264,800,1086,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">
<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FEBBFBDD65C8FBDA" box="[264,429,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lucilia cuprina</emphasis>
(Wiedemann, 1830: 654) (
<emphasis id="B926E407F854FFC4FD7EFBDD6771FBDA" box="[717,788,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Musca</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC4FEBBFBBC66EEFBF9" blockId="54.[264,1323,1086,1877]" box="[264,651,1118,1141]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">‘Sheep green bottle’, ‘Green bottle’.</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="13692490F854FFC4FEBBFB9C6532FB19" box="[264,343,1150,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–50. 45" captionStartId="118.[264,383,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,322,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-72@118.[260,1326,314,1748]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="FIGURES 45–50. 45. Distribution (coverage) of all known records of Calliphoridae from Namibia. 46. Namibian biomes, after Irish (1994), with amendments. 47–50. Distributions of Namibian Calliphoridae species. 47. Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). 48. L. sericata (Meigen). 49. Hemipyrellia fernandica (Macquart). 50. Phumosia sp. 1 nr. mossopi Zumpt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071145/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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: 
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC4FEBBFB206023FAD9" blockId="54.[264,1323,1086,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the Afrotropical Region, Mediterranean subregion to Oriental Region, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FDB6FB3C66FFFB79" box="[517,666,1246,1269]" name="New Zealand" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
; Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. Afrotropical: 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FE8BFB1C65CCFA99" box="[312,425,1278,1301]" name="Cameroon" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FE04FB1C6774FA99" box="[439,785,1278,1301]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FCACFB1C6719FA99" box="[799,892,1278,1301]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FC3AFB1C67B4FA99" box="[905,977,1278,1301]" name="Kenya" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FE8BFAFC65E9FAB9" box="[312,396,1310,1333]" name="Malawi" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FE28FAFC6660FAB9" box="[411,517,1310,1333]" name="Mauritius" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FDA6FAFC66C0FAB9" box="[533,677,1310,1333]" name="Mozambique" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FD00FAFC6774FAB9" box="[691,785,1310,1333]" name="Namibia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 
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Is., 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FBAFFAFC6016FAB9" box="[1052,1139,1310,1333]" name="Senegal" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FB31FAFC60B9FAB9" box="[1154,1244,1310,1333]" name="Somalia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Somalia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FB5FFAFC6519FAD9" name="South Africa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996F6F7F854FFC4FE39FADC65A0FAD9" box="[394,453,1342,1365]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cape</collectingRegion>
, Natal, Transvaal), 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FD25FADC669CFAD9" box="[662,761,1342,1365]" name="Tanzania" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FCB0FADC6759FAD9" box="[771,828,1342,1365]" name="Togo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Togo</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FCF5FADC67FCFAD9" box="[838,921,1342,1365]" name="Uganda" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F854FFC4FC7EFADC6027FAD9" box="[973,1090,1342,1365]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC4FEBBFA8060ADFA19" blockId="54.[264,1323,1086,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
PUBLISHED RECORDS: Krumhuk [
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F854FFC4FD6BFABC6754FAF9" box="[728,817,1374,1397]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="17.066668">17°04'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FCF5FABC67CEFAF9" box="[838,939,1374,1397]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1970-01-28">28.i.1970</date>
(Lindner 1976: 77); Anabib (Orupembe), 
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W Opopoho [
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F854FFC4FD4BFA9C6734FA19" box="[760,849,1406,1429]" degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="13.733334">13°44'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FCD0FA9C6786FA19" box="[867,995,1406,1429]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1951-06-07" valueMax="1951-06-09" valueMin="1951-06-07">7–9.vi.1951</date>
(Zumpt 1959b: 428).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC4FEBBFA406799FA39" blockId="54.[264,1323,1086,1877]" box="[264,1020,1438,1461]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F854FFC4FEBBFA4065D2FA39" box="[264,439,1442,1461]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">KNOWN RECORD</collectionCode>
: Windhoek [
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F854FFC4FDF2FA7C66FCFA39" box="[577,665,1438,1461]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-22.95">22°57'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F854FFC4FD17FA7C6699FA39" box="[676,764,1438,1461]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="17.133333">17°08'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FCBCFA7C67EAFA39" box="[783,911,1438,1461]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1970-08-31">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FCBCFA7C67EAFA39" box="[783,911,1438,1461]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1970-08-31">31.viii.1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
(NMSA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF854FFC5FEBBFA20607FFCF9" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F854FFC5FEBBFA206097FEBF" blockId="54.[264,1323,1086,1877]" lastBlockId="55.[264,1323,283,1174]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<subScript id="17D63A50F854FFC4FEBBFA206513FA59" attach="none" box="[264,374,1474,1493]" fontSize="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MATERIAL</subScript>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FE3AFA5C67E3FA59" box="[393,902,1470,1493]" collectingDate="1972-10-02" collectingDateMax="1972-10-07" collectingDateMin="1972-10-02" location="Barby" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FE3AFA5C65CDFA5C" box="[393,424,1470,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE09FA5C659EFA59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE09FA5C659EFA59" box="[442,507,1470,1493]" name="Barby" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Barby</location>
26, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FD80FA5C66C8FA59" box="[563,685,1470,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1972-10-02" valueMax="1972-10-07" valueMin="1972-10-02">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FD80FA5C66C8FA59" box="[563,685,1470,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1972-10-02" valueMax="1972-10-07" valueMin="1972-10-02">2–7.x.1972</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H9202
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FC26FA5C659BFA79" collectingDate="1972-02-10" collectingDateMax="1972-02-13" collectingDateMin="1972-02-10" location="Otjikoko-Sud" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FC26FA5C67D0FA5C" box="[917,949,1470,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FC75FA5C6032FA59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FC75FA5C6032FA59" box="[966,1111,1470,1493]" name="Otjikoko-Sud" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Otjikoko­Süd</location>
61, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FB23FA5C6143FA59" box="[1168,1318,1470,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1972-02-10" valueMax="1972-02-13" valueMin="1972-02-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FB23FA5C6143FA59" box="[1168,1318,1470,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1972-02-10" valueMax="1972-02-13" valueMin="1972-02-10">10–13.ii.1972</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H6453
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FDB8FA3C6026FA79" box="[523,1091,1502,1525]" collectingDate="1971-11-18" location="Otjikoko-Sud" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FDB8FA3C664FFA7C" box="[523,554,1502,1525]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FD8AFA3C66AFFA79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FD8AFA3C66AFFA79" box="[569,714,1502,1525]" name="Otjikoko-Sud" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Otjikoko­Süd</location>
61, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FD4FFA3C6715FA79" box="[764,880,1502,1525]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-11-18">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FD4FFA3C6715FA79" box="[764,880,1502,1525]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-11-18">18.xi.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H5395
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FBFCFA3C66D5F999" collectingDate="1972-10-23" collectingDateMax="1972-10-28" collectingDateMin="1972-10-23" location="Arnhem" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FBFCFA3C600BFA7C" box="[1103,1134,1502,1525]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FBCEFA3C60B1FA79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FBCEFA3C60B1FA79" box="[1149,1236,1502,1525]" name="Arnhem" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Arnhem</location>
222(1), 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FE8BFA1C65A8F999" box="[312,461,1534,1557]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1972-10-23" valueMax="1972-10-28" valueMin="1972-10-23">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FE8BFA1C65A8F999" box="[312,461,1534,1557]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1972-10-23" valueMax="1972-10-28" valueMin="1972-10-23">23–28.x.1972</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H9671
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FD70FA1C6686F99C" box="[707,739,1534,1557]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, same except: 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FC2DFA1C6056F999" box="[926,1075,1534,1557]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1972-10-23" valueMax="1972-10-27" valueMin="1972-10-23">23–27.x.1972</date>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FBFBFA1C671BF9B9" collectingDate="1971-09-12" collectingDateMax="1971-09-19" collectingDateMin="1971-09-12" location="Sossusvlei" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FBFBFA1C6002F99C" box="[1096,1127,1534,1557]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FBCEFA1C60F8F99C" box="[1149,1181,1534,1557]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB00FA1C6143F999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB00FA1C6143F999" box="[1203,1318,1534,1557]" name="Sossusvlei" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sossusvlei</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FE8BF9FC65B7F9B9" box="[312,466,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-09-12" valueMax="1971-09-13" valueMin="1971-09-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FE8BF9FC65B7F9B9" box="[312,466,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-09-12" valueMax="1971-09-13" valueMin="1971-09-12">12–13.ix.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
/ 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FE4FF9FC66FCF9B9" box="[508,665,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-09-17" valueMax="1971-09-19" valueMin="1971-09-17">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FE4FF9FC66FCF9B9" box="[508,665,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-09-17" valueMax="1971-09-19" valueMin="1971-09-17">17–19.ix.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H4052
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FC27F9FC666CF9D9" accessionNumber="H17712" collectingDate="1974-02-27" collectingDateMax="1974-02-28" collectingDateMin="1974-02-27" location="Avis Dam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FC27F9FC67D6F9BC" box="[916,947,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FC78F9FC678FF9BC" box="[971,1002,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FBB1F9FC601EF9B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FBB1F9FC601EF9B9" box="[1026,1147,1566,1589]" name="Avis Dam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Avis Dam</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FB23F9FC6143F9B9" box="[1168,1318,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1974-02-27" valueMax="1974-02-28" valueMin="1974-02-27">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FB23F9FC6143F9B9" box="[1168,1318,1566,1589]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1974-02-27" valueMax="1974-02-28" valueMin="1974-02-27">27–28.ii.1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H17712
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FDA7F9DC6001F9D9" accessionNumber="H14942" box="[532,1124,1598,1621]" collectingDate="1973-11-01" collectingDateMax="1973-11-04" collectingDateMin="1973-11-01" location="Windhoek" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FDA7F9DC6651F9DC" box="[532,564,1598,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FDF3F9DC6605F9DC" box="[576,608,1598,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FDDFF9DC6684F9D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FDDFF9DC6684F9D9" box="[620,737,1598,1621]" name="Windhoek" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Windhoek</location>
(2), 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FCB5F9DC67EDF9D9" box="[774,904,1598,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1973-11-01" valueMax="1973-11-04" valueMin="1973-11-01">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FCB5F9DC67EDF9D9" box="[774,904,1598,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1973-11-01" valueMax="1973-11-04" valueMin="1973-11-01">1–4.xi.1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H14942
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FBDCF9DC660CF9F9" collectingDate="1971-02-03" location="Hoffnung" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FBDCF9DC60EBF9DC" box="[1135,1166,1598,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB2FF9DC6166F9D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB2FF9DC6166F9D9" box="[1180,1283,1598,1621]" name="Hoffnung" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hoffnung</location>
66, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FE8BF9BC65FDF9F9" box="[312,408,1630,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-02-03">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FE8BF9BC65FDF9F9" box="[312,408,1630,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-02-03">3.ii.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H1643
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FDC6F9BC6013F9F9" box="[629,1142,1630,1653]" collectingDate="1970-10-21" location="Agate Beach" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FDC6F9BC66F1F9FC" box="[629,660,1630,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FD11F9BC674BF9F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FD11F9BC674BF9F9" box="[674,814,1630,1653]" name="Agate Beach" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Agate Beach</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FC8AF9BC67C3F9F9" box="[825,934,1630,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1970-10-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FC8AF9BC67C3F9F9" box="[825,934,1630,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1970-10-21">21.x.1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H2771
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FB31F9BC66D6F919" collectingDate="1971-09-15" collectingDateMax="1971-09-16" collectingDateMin="1971-09-15" location="Sylvia Hill" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FB31F9BC60C4F9FC" box="[1154,1185,1630,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB1CF9BC6143F9F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB1CF9BC6143F9F9" box="[1199,1318,1630,1653]" name="Sylvia Hill" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sylvia Hill</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FE8BF99C65B0F919" box="[312,469,1662,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-09-15" valueMax="1971-09-16" valueMin="1971-09-15">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FE8BF99C65B0F919" box="[312,469,1662,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-09-15" valueMax="1971-09-16" valueMin="1971-09-15">15–16.ix.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H4128
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FD75F99C6094F919" box="[710,1265,1662,1685]" collectingDate="1971-08-14" collectingDateMax="1971-08-19" collectingDateMin="1971-08-14" location="Takuasa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FD75F99C6683F91C" box="[710,742,1662,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FD48F99C6730F919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FD48F99C6730F919" box="[763,853,1662,1685]" name="Takuasa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Takuasa</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FCDBF99C6076F919" box="[872,1043,1662,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-08-14" valueMax="1971-08-19" valueMin="1971-08-14">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FCDBF99C6076F919" box="[872,1043,1662,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-08-14" valueMax="1971-08-19" valueMin="1971-08-14">14–19.viii.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H3021
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FAB6F99C676BF939" collectingDate="1971-03-12" location="Otjiseva" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FAB6F99C6141F91C" box="[1285,1316,1662,1685]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE8BF97C65F4F939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE8BF97C65F4F939" box="[312,401,1694,1717]" name="Otjiseva" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Otjiseva</location>
45, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FE77F97C665FF939" box="[452,570,1694,1717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-03-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FE77F97C665FF939" box="[452,570,1694,1717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1971-03-12">12.iii.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H1904
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FCA8F97C650EF959" collectingDate="1986-05-21" collectingDateMax="1986-06-20" collectingDateMin="1986-05-21" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Griffin" location="Poacher's Point" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FCA8F97C675EF93C" box="[795,827,1694,1717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FCF8F97C6792F939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FCF8F97C6792F939" box="[843,1015,1694,1717]" name="Poacher's Point" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Poacher’s Point</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FBB7F97C60D0F939" box="[1028,1205,1694,1717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1986-05-21" valueMax="1986-06-20" valueMin="1986-05-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FBB7F97C60D0F939" box="[1028,1205,1694,1717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1986-05-21" valueMax="1986-06-20" valueMin="1986-05-21">21.v–20.vi.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FB71F97C6176F939" box="[1218,1299,1694,1717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Griffin</collectorName>
(1) (
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F854FFC4FEF3F95C6506F959" box="[320,355,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FEC7F95C6703F959" accessionNumber="H61072" box="[372,870,1726,1749]" collectingDate="1984-04-20" collectorName="Irish" location="Oranjemund" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FEC7F95C65F1F95C" box="[372,404,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE12F95C664CF959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE12F95C664CF959" box="[417,553,1726,1749]" name="Oranjemund" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Oranjemund</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FD80F95C66C3F959" box="[563,678,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1984-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FD80F95C66C3F959" box="[563,678,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1984-04-20">20.iv.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FD03F95C668CF959" box="[688,745,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Irish</collectorName>
(1), H61072
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FCC3F95C65F4F979" accessionNumber="H61933" collectingDate="1984-10-14" collectorName="Irish" location="Gamsberg" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FCC3F95C67EAF95C" box="[880,911,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FC2FF95C606CF959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FC2FF95C606CF959" box="[924,1033,1726,1749]" name="Gamsberg" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Gamsberg</location>
foot E, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FBEEF95C60ACF959" box="[1117,1225,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1984-10-14">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FBEEF95C60ACF959" box="[1117,1225,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1984-10-14">14.x.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FB67F95C6168F959" box="[1236,1293,1726,1749]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Irish</collectorName>
(1), H61933
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FE2EF93C677AF979" box="[413,799,1758,1781]" collectingDate="1991-01-12" collectingDateMax="1991-01-14" collectingDateMin="1991-01-12" collectorName="Marais" location="Leeupan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FE2EF93C65D8F97C" box="[413,445,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE7FF93C664EF979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE7FF93C664EF979" box="[460,555,1758,1781]" name="Leeupan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Leeupan</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FD84F93C66A0F979" box="[567,709,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1991-01-12" valueMax="1991-01-14" valueMin="1991-01-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FD84F93C66A0F979" box="[567,709,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1991-01-12" valueMax="1991-01-14" valueMin="1991-01-12">12–14.i.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FD61F93C677AF979" box="[722,799,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Marais</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FC9FF93C65F3F899" collectingDate="1988-12-01" collectingDateMax="1989-01-31" collectingDateMin="1988-12-01" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Paxton" location="Okakarara area" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FC9FF93C672EF97C" box="[812,843,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FCE9F93C6064F979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FCE9F93C6064F979" box="[858,1025,1758,1781]" name="Okakarara area" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Okakarara area</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FBBEF93C601DF979" box="[1037,1144,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1988-12-01">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FBBEF93C601DF979" box="[1037,1144,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1988-12-01">1.xii.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
– 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FB3BF93C6088F979" box="[1160,1261,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1989-01-31">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FB3BF93C6088F979" box="[1160,1261,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1989-01-31">31.i.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FB4AF93C653FF899" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Paxton</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F854FFC4FED8F91C65EBF899" box="[363,398,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FE10F91C605CF899" box="[419,1081,1790,1813]" collectingDate="1990-08-13" collectorName="Marais &amp; Roberts" location="Rosh Pinah" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FE10F91C65A6F89C" box="[419,451,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE60F91C6637F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FE60F91C6637F899" box="[467,594,1790,1813]" name="Rosh Pinah" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Rosh Pinah</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA95F0F854FFC4FDECF91C66FDF899" box="[607,664,1790,1813]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
ESE, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FD53F91C6701F899" box="[736,868,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1990-08-13">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FD53F91C6701F899" box="[736,868,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1990-08-13">13.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FCC2F91C67DEF899" box="[881,955,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Marais</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FC50F91C605CF899" box="[995,1081,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Roberts</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FBF5F91C66B8F8B9" collectingDate="1990-08-07" collectingDateMax="1990-08-19" collectingDateMin="1990-08-07" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Roberts &amp; Marais" location="Aukam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FBF5F91C6000F89C" box="[1094,1125,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FBC6F91C60F1F89C" box="[1141,1172,1790,1813]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB17F91C6097F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FB17F91C6097F899" box="[1188,1266,1790,1813]" name="Aukam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Aukam</location>
104, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FE8BF8FC65B0F8B9" box="[312,469,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1990-08-07" valueMax="1990-08-19" valueMin="1990-08-07">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FE8BF8FC65B0F8B9" box="[312,469,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1990-08-07" valueMax="1990-08-19" valueMin="1990-08-07">7–19.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FE51F8FC6650F8B9" box="[482,565,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Roberts</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FDEAF8FC66C6F8B9" box="[601,675,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F854FFC4FD01F8FC66B0F8B9" box="[690,725,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC4FD5AF8FC6653F8D9" collectingDate="2000-01-01" collectingDateMax="2000-01-03" collectingDateMin="2000-01-01" collectorName="Marais &amp; Mann &amp; Newman" location="Sesfontein Fort" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FD5AF8FC676DF8BC" box="[745,776,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FCA4F8FC6753F8BC" box="[791,822,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FCF7F8FC678EF8B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FCF7F8FC678EF8B9" box="[836,1003,1822,1845]" name="Sesfontein Fort" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sesfontein Fort</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FC44F8FC600EF8B9" box="[1015,1131,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2000-01-01" valueMax="2000-01-03" valueMin="2000-01-01">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FC44F8FC600EF8B9" box="[1015,1131,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2000-01-01" valueMax="2000-01-03" valueMin="2000-01-01">1–3.i.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FBC4F8FC60A1F8B9" box="[1143,1220,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Marais</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FB63F8FC616BF8B9" box="[1232,1294,1822,1845]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mann</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FE8BF8DC65FEF8D9" box="[312,411,1854,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Newman</collectorName>
, MMN38 (S)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F854FFC5FDFBF8DC6510FEBF" collectingDate="2001-04-13" collectingDateMax="2001-04-15" collectingDateMin="2001-04-13" collectionCode="MT" collectorName="Kirk-Spriggs &amp; Marais" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" location="Tsaobismund" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF854FFC4FDFBF8DC6602F8DC" box="[584,615,1854,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FDCAF8DC6762F8D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF854FFC4FDCAF8DC6762F8D9" box="[633,775,1854,1877]" name="Tsaobismund" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tsaobismund</location>
85 at: 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F854FFC4FCECF8DC679FF8D9" box="[863,1018,1854,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2001-04-13" valueMax="2001-04-15" valueMin="2001-04-13">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF854FFC4FCECF8DC679FF8D9" box="[863,1018,1854,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2001-04-13" valueMax="2001-04-15" valueMin="2001-04-13">13–15.iv.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FBB9F8DC60F8F8D9" box="[1034,1181,1854,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Kirk­Spriggs</collectorName>
(1) &amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F854FFC4FB53F8DC614FF8D9" box="[1248,1322,1854,1877]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FEF3FEFE6508FEBF" box="[320,365,284,307]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FE33FEFE608BFEBF" box="[384,1262,283,307]" collectingDate="1998-09-28" collectingDateMax="1998-10-02" collectingDateMin="1998-09-28" collectionCode="MT" collectorName="Kirk-Spriggs" location="Susuwe" municipality="Kwando" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rivers">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FE33FEFE65FAFEA1" box="[384,415,283,307]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89A26FF855FFC5FE1EFEFE6662FEBF" box="[429,519,284,307]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kwando</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="4996F6F7F855FFC5FDBDFEFE6628FEBF" box="[526,589,284,307]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">River</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FDE4FEFE66C8FEBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FDE4FEFE66C8FEBF" box="[599,685,284,307]" municipality="Kwando" name="Susuwe" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Rivers">Susuwe</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FD0BFEFE673FFEBF" box="[696,858,284,307]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1998-09-28" valueMax="1998-10-02" valueMin="1998-09-28">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FD0BFEFE673FFEBF" box="[696,858,284,307]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1998-09-28" valueMax="1998-10-02" valueMin="1998-09-28">28.ix–2.x.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FCD6FEFE679DFEBF" box="[869,1016,284,307]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kirk­Spriggs</collectorName>
(1) (
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FBADFEFE602CFEBF" box="[1054,1097,284,307]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MT</collectionCode>
) dry woodland
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFEDD607FFCF9" blockId="55.[264,1323,283,1174]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FEBBFEDD6528FEDE" box="[264,333,319,338]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">NOTES</collectionCode>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F855FFC5FEEFFEDE6667FEDF" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[348,514,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FEEFFEDE6667FEDF" box="[348,514,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lucilia cuprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the Afrotropical Region and probably spread from Africa to other tropical and subtropical regions 
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FD6BFEBE669CFEFF" box="[728,761,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">via</emphasis>
the sheep­farming industry (Zumpt 1956: 69). It is often confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F855FFC5FDA7FE9E66E2FE1F" box="[532,647,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericata">
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FDA7FE9E6646FE1F" box="[532,547,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FD82FE9E66E2FE1F" box="[561,647,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">sericata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and earlier records from southern Africa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F855FFC5FBD8FE9E60BBFE1F" box="[1131,1246,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericata">
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FBD8FE9E601FFE1F" box="[1131,1146,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FB3BFE9E60BBFE1F" box="[1160,1246,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">sericata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably refer to this species. It usually breeds in the carcasses of cattle, sheep and other large and small mammals (Cuthbertson 1937: 27), and is also the most significant sheep ‘strike’ fly in 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FE8BFE3E65A5FE7F" box="[312,448,476,499]" name="South Africa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(90% of recorded cases) and 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FD4BFE3E6738FE7F" box="[760,861,476,499]" name="Australia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Australia</collectingCountry>
, where the myiasis that larvae cause is similar to that described for 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F855FFC5FDF8FE1E66DAFD9F" box="[587,703,508,531]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericata">
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FDF8FE1E663FFD9F" box="[587,602,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FDDAFE1E66DAFD9F" box="[617,703,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">sericata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FD62FE1E675FFD9F" box="[721,826,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">vide infra</emphasis>
). Humans, dogs, camels, goats and cattle are also affected (Zumpt 1965: 52). As an example of myiasis in humans, Cuthbertson (1937: 27) refers to small larvae from the ear and umbilical cord of a three­day old infant in 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FB02FDDE6143FDDF" box="[1201,1318,572,595]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
. Cuthbertson (1933: 102) also notes that in 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FCBDFDBE67E5FDFF" box="[782,896,604,627]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
they are a nuisance in butcher’s shops and abattoirs. Adult flies also feed on fallen fruit, in the nectaries of flowers, and at the honeydew of aphids (Homoptera: 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F855FFC5FDD8FD7E66BAFD3F" box="[619,735,668,691]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphidomorpha" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphididae</taxonomicName>
). Due to their economic significance, literature on the species is extensive and the reader is referred to Zumpt (1965: 51–53) for a literature review and Ferrar (1987: 86) for subsequent references. In 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FCD7FD3E67A5FD7F" box="[868,960,732,755]" name="Namibia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Namibia</collectingCountry>
the species has been collected by hand, by sweeping and in pitfall and Malaise traps. Occurring in all Namibian biomes and probably widely distributed over the country (
<figureCitation id="13692490F855FFC5FC80FCFE67E0FCBF" box="[819,901,796,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–50. 45" captionStartId="118.[264,383,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,322,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-72@118.[260,1326,314,1748]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="FIGURES 45–50. 45. Distribution (coverage) of all known records of Calliphoridae from Namibia. 46. Namibian biomes, after Irish (1994), with amendments. 47–50. Distributions of Namibian Calliphoridae species. 47. Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). 48. L. sericata (Meigen). 49. Hemipyrellia fernandica (Macquart). 50. Phumosia sp. 1 nr. mossopi Zumpt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071145/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). Probably occurs throughout the year (
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FEF2FCDD6508FCDA" box="[321,365,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">vide</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="C6D00DAEF855FFC5FEC6FCDC65A2FCD9" box="[373,455,830,853]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="41.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Seasonal abundance of Namibian calliphorid species based on specimen data from material in the Namibian National Insect Collection (NMNW). The following species are known only from published records, and as no recent material is available, they are excluded from the table: Auchmeromyia choerophaga, Phumosia tillae, Pseudorhyncomyia deserticola, and Rhyncomya interclusa." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Zumpt (1965) describes all three larval instars and illustrates features of the 3 
<superScript id="7C27955DF855FFC5FAADFCDE614FFCC5" attach="none" box="[1310,1322,828,841]" fontSize="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">rd</superScript>
instar larva and additional notes are provided by Erzinçlioğlu (1987).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF855FFC5FEBBFC60653EFA99" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFC606752FB19" blockId="55.[264,1323,283,1174]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE: 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F855FFC5FDA8FC9D66A4FC1A" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[539,705,895,918]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FDA8FC9D66A4FC1A" box="[539,705,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lucilia cuprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually the first species to arrive at a body on a crime scene, and is strongly attracted to the scent of blood. It oviposits in the natural orifices (mouth, eyes and nostrils) of the body or in bleeding lesions caused by gunshots or stabbing, or in blood­soaked hair. Although the adults are active in sunlight, eggs are always laid in shaded areas of the corpse. Maggots develop quickly under warm conditions and will leave the body to pupate within 3–4 days of hatching. Early invasion of the body ensures a sustainable resource for the maggots before competition from other species. This is one of the three most important species encountered during forensic investigations (M. Mansell pers. comm.). For further information 
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FE0EFB9D658CFB1A" box="[445,489,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">vide</emphasis>
Greenberg and Kunich (2002).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFB5D668EFB59" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" box="[264,747,1214,1238]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F855FFC5FEBBFB5D6682FB59" authority="(Meigen, 1826: 53) (Musca)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityPageNumber="53" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[264,743,1214,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericata">
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FEBBFB5D65D5FB5A" box="[264,432,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lucilia sericata</emphasis>
(Meigen, 1826: 53) (
<emphasis id="B926E407F855FFC5FD26FB5D66B9FB5A" box="[661,732,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Musca</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFB3C67CCFB79" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" box="[264,937,1246,1269]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">‘Common green bottle’, ‘Green bottle fly’, ‘English sheep fly’.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFB1C653EFA99" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" box="[264,347,1278,1301]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<figureCitation id="13692490F855FFC5FEBBFB1C6532FA99" box="[264,343,1278,1301]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–50. 45" captionStartId="118.[264,383,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,322,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-72@118.[260,1326,314,1748]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="FIGURES 45–50. 45. Distribution (coverage) of all known records of Calliphoridae from Namibia. 46. Namibian biomes, after Irish (1994), with amendments. 47–50. Distributions of Namibian Calliphoridae species. 47. Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). 48. L. sericata (Meigen). 49. Hemipyrellia fernandica (Macquart). 50. Phumosia sp. 1 nr. mossopi Zumpt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071145/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF855FFC5FEBBFAC06676FAB9" box="[264,531,1310,1333]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFAC06676FAB9" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" box="[264,531,1310,1333]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FEBBFAC0666AFAB9" box="[264,527,1310,1333]" collectionCode="LOCALITY" country="Austria" location="Austria" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E986B7F855FFC5FEBBFAC06558FAB9" box="[264,317,1314,1333]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FEF7FAC065CBFAB9" box="[324,430,1314,1333]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FE0EFAFC666AFAB9" box="[445,527,1310,1333]" name="Austria" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Austria</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF855FFC5FEBBFAA06041FA79" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFAA065D4FA39" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FBABFADC6018FAD9" box="[1048,1149,1342,1365]" name="Australia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FB3DFADC6143FAD9" box="[1166,1318,1342,1365]" name="New Zealand" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. Azores Is., Gough Is., 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FC72FABC607CFAF9" box="[961,1049,1374,1397]" name="Lesotho" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FB9BFABC60D2FAF9" box="[1064,1207,1374,1397]" name="Mozambique" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FB75FABC6140FAF9" box="[1222,1317,1374,1397]" name="Namibia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, Nightingale Is., 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FE57FA9C6608FA19" box="[484,621,1406,1429]" name="South Africa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996F6F7F855FFC5FDCFFA9C66D2FA19" box="[636,695,1406,1429]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cape</collectingRegion>
, Natal, Transvaal), 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FC34FA9C6793FA19" box="[903,1014,1406,1429]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
Is., 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FB96FA9C60BEFA19" box="[1061,1243,1406,1429]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
Is. and 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FE8BFA7C65C8FA39" box="[312,429,1438,1461]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBFA206041FA79" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
PUBLISHED RECORDS: Swakopmund [22°68'S, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F855FFC5FCB4FA5C6705FA59" box="[775,864,1470,1493]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="14.883333">14°53'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FCC5FA5C67B8FA59" box="[886,989,1470,1493]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-01-18">18.i.1970</date>
; Gobabeb [
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F855FFC5FBEDFA5C60D3FA59" box="[1118,1206,1470,1493]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="-23.916666">23°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F855FFC5FB76FA5C617BFA59" box="[1221,1310,1470,1493]" degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="15.05">15°03'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FE8BFA3C65FCFA79" box="[312,409,1502,1525]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-02-09">9.ii.1970</date>
; Krumhuk [
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F855FFC5FDABFA3C6615FA79" box="[536,624,1502,1525]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="-22.733334">22°44'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F855FFC5FDC8FA3C66B0FA79" box="[635,725,1502,1525]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="17.066668">17°04'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FD54FA3C672EFA79" box="[743,843,1502,1525]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-01-28">28.i.1970</date>
(Lindner 1976: 77).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF855FFC5FEBBF9E065FBF9D9" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFC5FEBBF9E065FBF9D9" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
KNOWN RECORDS: Agate Beach, 
<quantity id="4CAA95F0F855FFC5FDD8FA1C66CAF999" box="[619,687,1534,1557]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
N, SE2615Ca, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FCEAFA1C67A2F999" box="[857,967,1534,1557]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1974-02-18">18.ii.1974</date>
, M.E. &amp; B.J. Irwin; Hentiesbaai, SE2214Ab, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FE0EF9FC664EF9B9" box="[445,555,1566,1589]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1974-02-18">18.ii.1974</date>
, M.E. &amp; B.J. Irwin; 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F855FFC5FCA0F9FC67F5F9B9" box="[787,912,1566,1589]" name="Namibia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Walvis Bay</collectingCountry>
[22°95'S, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE665ED2F855FFC5FBB5F9FC603AF9B9" box="[1030,1119,1566,1589]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="14.85">14°51'E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FBC7F9FC60DCF9B9" box="[1140,1209,1566,1589]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1956-01">i.1956</date>
, F. Zumpt (NMSA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF855FFCAFEBBF9806674FA79" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F855FFCAFEBBF9806669FE7F" blockId="55.[264,1323,1214,1877]" lastBlockId="56.[264,1324,283,1749]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<subScript id="17D63A50F855FFC5FEBBF9806513F9F9" attach="none" box="[264,374,1634,1653]" fontSize="8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MATERIAL</subScript>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FE36F9BC67C0F9F9" accessionNumber="H10510" box="[389,933,1630,1653]" collectingDate="1970-10-21" location="Griffith Beach" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FE36F9BC65C1F9FC" box="[389,420,1630,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FE01F9BC662AF9F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FE01F9BC662AF9F9" box="[434,591,1630,1653]" name="Griffith Beach" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Griffith Beach</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FDE9F9BC66A3F9F9" box="[602,710,1630,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-10-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FDE9F9BC66A3F9F9" box="[602,710,1630,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-10-21">21.x.1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H10510
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FC03F9BC6598F919" collectingDate="1971-07-21" location="Swakopmund" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="6">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FC03F9BC67AAF9FC" box="[944,975,1630,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FC6EF9BC6799F9FC" box="[989,1020,1630,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FBB9F9BC60FAF9F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FBB9F9BC60FAF9F9" box="[1034,1183,1630,1653]" name="Swakopmund" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Swakopmund</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FB19F9BC6143F9F9" box="[1194,1318,1630,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1971-07-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FB19F9BC6143F9F9" box="[1194,1318,1630,1653]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1971-07-21">21.vii.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, [SMStaff], H4175
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FDBBF99C6054F919" box="[520,1073,1662,1685]" collectingDate="1987-04-08" collectorName="Marais &amp; Irish" location="Messum Crater" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FDBBF99C6642F91C" box="[520,551,1662,1685]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FD86F99C66BDF919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FD86F99C66BDF919" box="[565,728,1662,1685]" name="Messum Crater" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Messum Crater</location>
at: 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FCB1F99C6703F919" box="[770,870,1662,1685]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1987-04-08">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FCB1F99C6703F919" box="[770,870,1662,1685]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1987-04-08">8.iv.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FCC1F99C67D9F919" box="[882,956,1662,1685]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Marais</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FC6CF99C607DF919" box="[991,1048,1662,1685]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Irish</collectorName>
(1)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FB8EF99C6666F939" collectingDate="1994-04-18" collectorName="Pusch" location="Windhoek" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="6">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FB8EF99C6038F91C" box="[1085,1117,1662,1685]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FBD9F99C60ECF91C" box="[1130,1161,1662,1685]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FB24F99C6169F919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FB24F99C6169F919" box="[1175,1292,1662,1685]" name="Windhoek" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Windhoek</location>
(2), 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FE8BF97C65CFF939" box="[312,426,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-04-18">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FE8BF97C65CFF939" box="[312,426,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-04-18">18.iv.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FE73F97C6666F939" box="[448,515,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pusch</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FDABF97C6793F939" box="[536,1014,1694,1717]" collectingDate="1993-11-12" collectingDateMax="1993-11-26" collectingDateMin="1993-11-12" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Marais" location="Rotkop" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FDABF97C665DF93C" box="[536,568,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FDE3F97C66C4F939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FDE3F97C66C4F939" box="[592,673,1694,1717]" name="Rotkop" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rotkop</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FD05F97C6737F939" box="[694,850,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1993-11-12" valueMax="1993-11-26" valueMin="1993-11-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FD05F97C6737F939" box="[694,850,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1993-11-12" valueMax="1993-11-26" valueMin="1993-11-12">12–26.xi.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FCDBF97C67D7F939" box="[872,946,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FC78F97C678BF939" box="[971,1006,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FBB8F97C6601F959" collectingDate="1994-04-20" collectingDateMax="1994-04-22" collectingDateMin="1994-04-20" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Marais" location="Mouth" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kunene">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FBB8F97C604FF93C" box="[1035,1066,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FBF1F97C6004F93C" box="[1090,1121,1694,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4996F6F7F855FFC5FBCBF97C60AEF939" box="[1144,1227,1694,1717]" country="Namibia" name="Kunene" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunene</collectingRegion>
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FB6EF97C6142F939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FB6EF97C6142F939" box="[1245,1319,1694,1717]" name="Mouth" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">Mouth</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FE8BF95C65B7F959" box="[312,466,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-04-20" valueMax="1994-04-22" valueMin="1994-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FE8BF95C65B7F959" box="[312,466,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-04-20" valueMax="1994-04-22" valueMin="1994-04-20">20–22.iv.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FE6CF95C664CF959" box="[479,553,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FD8AF95C6639F959" box="[569,604,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FDC3F95C60AEF959" box="[624,1227,1726,1749]" collectingDate="1999-02-10" collectionCode="MT" collectorName="Marais" location="River Mouth" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kunene">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FDC3F95C66EAF95C" box="[624,655,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FD2DF95C66DBF95C" box="[670,702,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4996F6F7F855FFC5FD7FF95C677AF959" box="[716,799,1726,1749]" country="Namibia" name="Kunene" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kunene</collectingRegion>
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FC94F95C67D0F959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FC94F95C67D0F959" box="[807,949,1726,1749]" name="River Mouth" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">River Mouth</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FC72F95C604AF959" box="[961,1071,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1999-02-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FC72F95C604AF959" box="[961,1071,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1999-02-10">10.ii.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FB88F95C60E0F959" box="[1083,1157,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FB25F95C60A6F959" box="[1174,1219,1726,1749]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FB64F95C6764F979" collectingDate="1995-06-15" collectingDateMax="1995-06-25" collectingDateMin="1995-06-15" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Griffin" location="Kowisberg" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kunene">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FB64F95C6093F95C" box="[1239,1270,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FAB6F95C6141F95C" box="[1285,1316,1726,1749]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FE8BF93C65CAF979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FE8BF93C65CAF979" box="[312,431,1758,1781]" name="Kowisberg" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">Kowisberg</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FE08F93C6632F979" box="[443,599,1758,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1995-06-15" valueMax="1995-06-25" valueMin="1995-06-15">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FE08F93C6632F979" box="[443,599,1758,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1995-06-15" valueMax="1995-06-25" valueMin="1995-06-15">15–25.vi.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FDD1F93C66D6F979" box="[610,691,1758,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Griffin</collectorName>
(1) (
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FD69F93C669EF979" box="[730,763,1758,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
rocky area on gravel plain; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FB82F93C66A1F899" collectingDate="1994-09-16" collectingDateMax="1994-09-29" collectingDateMin="1994-09-16" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Marais" location="Diamond Area" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Kunene">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FB82F93C6034F97C" box="[1073,1105,1758,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FBECF93C601BF97C" box="[1119,1150,1758,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FB3FF93C614EF979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FB3FF93C614EF979" box="[1164,1323,1758,1781]" name="Diamond Area" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">Diamond Area</location>
1 at(1): 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FE20F91C664AF899" box="[403,559,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-09-16" valueMax="1994-09-29" valueMin="1994-09-16">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FE20F91C664AF899" box="[403,559,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-09-16" valueMax="1994-09-29" valueMin="1994-09-16">16–29.ix.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FD8EF91C66E2F899" box="[573,647,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FD2AF91C66D9F899" box="[665,700,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FD61F91C60C9F899" box="[722,1196,1790,1813]" collectingDate="1993-11-13" collectingDateMax="1993-11-26" collectingDateMin="1993-11-13" collectionCode="PT" collectorName="Marais" location="Atlas Bay" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kunene">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FD61F91C6697F89C" box="[722,754,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FCB1F91C6715F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FCB1F91C6715F899" box="[770,880,1790,1813]" name="Atlas Bay" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">Atlas Bay</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FCCDF91C607FF899" box="[894,1050,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1993-11-13" valueMax="1993-11-26" valueMin="1993-11-13">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FCCDF91C607FF899" box="[894,1050,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1993-11-13" valueMax="1993-11-26" valueMin="1993-11-13">13–26.xi.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FB9BF91C6017F899" box="[1064,1138,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Marais</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FB37F91C60C1F899" box="[1156,1188,1790,1813]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
rocky substrate; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FE31F8FC67C2F8B9" box="[386,935,1822,1845]" collectingDate="1994-09-17" collectorName="Marais" location="Long Island" municipality="Oranjemund" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kunene">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FE31F8FC65C7F8BC" box="[386,418,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89A26FF855FFC5FE02F8FC665CF8B9" box="[433,569,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Oranjemund</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FDF5F8FC66AEF8B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FDF5F8FC66AEF8B9" box="[582,715,1822,1845]" municipality="Oranjemund" name="Long Island" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">Long Island</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FD6BF8FC6729F8B9" box="[728,844,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-09-17">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FD6BF8FC6729F8B9" box="[728,844,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1994-09-17">17.ix.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FCE9F8FC67C2F8B9" box="[858,935,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Marais</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FC07F8FC66E3F8D9" collectingDate="1999-04-05" collectingDateMax="1999-04-17" collectingDateMin="1999-04-05" collectionCode="YP" collectorName="van Noort &amp; Compton" location="Messum Valley" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kunene">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FC07F8FC67B1F8BC" box="[948,980,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FC50F8FC60E9F8B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FC50F8FC60E9F8B9" box="[995,1164,1822,1845]" name="Messum Valley" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">Messum Valley</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F855FFC5FB2AF8FC6140F8B9" box="[1177,1317,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1999-04-05" valueMax="1999-04-17" valueMin="1999-04-05">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF855FFC5FB2AF8FC6140F8B9" box="[1177,1317,1822,1845]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1999-04-05" valueMax="1999-04-17" valueMin="1999-04-05">5–17.iv.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FE8BF8DC65CEF8D9" box="[312,427,1854,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">van Noort</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F855FFC5FE6DF8DC6624F8D9" box="[478,577,1854,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Compton</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F855FFC5FDEBF8DC661BF8D9" box="[600,638,1854,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">YP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFC5FD2AF8DC60F9F8D9" box="[665,1180,1854,1877]" location="Bushy Karoo-Namib" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kunene">
<location id="8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FD2AF8DC67E5F8D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF855FFC5FD2AF8DC67E5F8D9" box="[665,896,1854,1877]" name="Bushy Karoo-Namib" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Kunene">Bushy Karoo­Namib</location>
shrubland, NA99–Y107
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F855FFCAFB1CF8DC6783FEBF" collectingDate="2003-03-27" collectingDateMax="2003-03-29" collectingDateMin="2003-03-27" collectorName="Kirk-Spriggs &amp; Mey" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" location="Lodge" municipality="Rundu" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Kavango West">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF855FFC5FB1CF8DC60ABF8DC" box="[1199,1230,1854,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89A26FF855FFC5FB57F8DC614EF8D9" box="[1252,1323,1854,1877]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rundu</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996F6F7F85AFFCAFE8CFEFE65C4FEBF" box="[319,417,284,307]" country="Namibia" name="Kavango West" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Kavango</collectingRegion>
<location id="8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFE1BFEFE6595FEBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFE1BFEFE6595FEBF" box="[424,496,284,307]" municipality="Rundu" name="Lodge" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Kavango West">Lodge</location>
), 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F85AFFCAFDB0FEFE66C4FEBF" box="[515,673,284,307]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-03-27" valueMax="2003-03-29" valueMin="2003-03-27">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF85AFFCAFDB0FEFE66C4FEBF" box="[515,673,284,307]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-03-27" valueMax="2003-03-29" valueMin="2003-03-27">27–29.iii.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFD1EFEFE6725FEBF" box="[685,832,284,307]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Kirk­Spriggs</collectorName>
(1) &amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFCC9FEFE67CEFEBF" box="[890,939,284,307]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Mey</collectorName>
(LT)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF85AFFCAFC42FEFE6075FEA1" box="[1009,1040,283,307]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same except: 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F85AFFCAFB02FEFE6143FEBF" box="[1201,1318,284,307]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-03-28">28.iii.2003</date>
, decomposing fungi; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F85AFFCAFDA8FEDE6060FEFF" collectingDate="2003-01-20" collectorName="Kirk-Spriggs &amp; Marais &amp; National Museum" country="Namibia" location="Guano Island" municipality="Halifax Island" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF85AFFCAFDA8FEDE665FFEC1" box="[539,570,315,339]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89A26FF85AFFCAFDF8FEDE668FFEDF" box="[587,746,316,339]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Halifax Island</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F85AFFCAFD4BFEDE673AFEDF" box="[760,863,316,339]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-01-20">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF85AFFCAFD4BFEDE673AFEDF" box="[760,863,316,339]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-01-20">20.i.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFCDDFEDE6064FEDF" box="[878,1025,316,339]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Kirk­Spriggs</collectorName>
(1) &amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFBF1FEDE60EAFEDF" box="[1090,1167,316,339]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Marais</collectorName>
, coastal rocks and kelp, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFE13FEBE663AFEFF" box="[416,607,348,371]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">National Museum</collectorName>
of 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFD30FEBE66BAFEFF" box="[643,735,348,371]" name="Namibia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Namibia</collectingCountry>
<location id="8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFD56FEBE6711FEFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFD56FEBE6711FEFF" box="[741,884,348,371]" country="Namibia" municipality="Halifax Island" name="Guano Island" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Guano Island</location>
Survey 2003
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F85AFFCAFBA3FEBE65A0FE3F" collectingDate="2003-01-28" collectorName="Kirk-Spriggs &amp; National Museum" country="Namibia" location="Guano Island" municipality="Possession Island" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF85AFFCAFBA3FEBE604AFEE1" box="[1040,1071,347,371]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF85AFFCAFB8FFEBE6039FEE1" box="[1084,1116,347,371]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89A26FF85AFFCAFBDAFEBE6142FEFF" box="[1129,1319,348,371]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Possession Island</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F85AFFCAFE8BFE9E65FAFE1F" box="[312,415,380,403]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-01-28">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF85AFFCAFE8BFE9E65FAFE1F" box="[312,415,380,403]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-01-28">28.i.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFE18FE9E6625FE1F" box="[427,576,380,403]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Kirk­Spriggs</collectorName>
(1), on domestic rubbish, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFCFDFE9E606AFE1F" box="[846,1039,380,403]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">National Museum</collectorName>
of 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFB85FE9E60F7FE1F" box="[1078,1170,380,403]" name="Namibia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Namibia</collectingCountry>
<location id="8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFB29FE9E614FFE1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFB29FE9E614FFE1F" box="[1178,1322,380,403]" country="Namibia" municipality="Possession Island" name="Guano Island" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Guano Island</location>
Survey 2003
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3248F85AFFCAFE60FE7E666DFE7F" collectingDate="2003-01-22" collectorName="Marais &amp; Kirk-Spriggs &amp; Cape Cormorant &amp; National Museum" country="Namibia" location="Guano Island" municipality="Bird Rock" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
<specimenCount id="9D54F39CF85AFFCAFE60FE7E6596FE21" box="[467,499,411,435]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89A26FF85AFFCAFDB7FE7E6611FE3F" box="[516,628,412,435]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Bird Rock</collectingMunicipality>
guano platform, 
<date id="FFEC1ED5F85AFFCAFC86FE7E67F9FE3F" box="[821,924,412,435]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-01-22">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E73DF85AFFCAFC86FE7E67F9FE3F" box="[821,924,412,435]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2003-01-22">22.i.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFC19FE7E6791FE3F" box="[938,1012,412,435]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Marais</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFBAEFE7E60D7FE3F" box="[1053,1202,412,435]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Kirk­Spriggs</collectorName>
(1), beneath 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFE8BFE5E658CFE5F" box="[312,489,444,467]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cape Cormorant</collectorName>
carcasses, 
<collectorName id="26A75DC3F85AFFCAFDD2FE5E6747FE5F" box="[609,802,444,467]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">National Museum</collectorName>
of 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFCF5FE5E67C7FE5F" box="[838,930,444,467]" name="Namibia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Namibia</collectingCountry>
<location id="8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFC19FE5E605CFE5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8903F854FFCAFEBBFD9965E3F959:8E8D6ECEF85AFFCAFC19FE5E605CFE5F" box="[938,1081,444,467]" country="Namibia" municipality="Bird Rock" name="Guano Island" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Guano Island</location>
Survey 2003 [all with associated puparia]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED3815F85AFFCAFEBBFE1D6674FA79" blockId="56.[264,1324,283,1749]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<collectionCode id="ED43A0D0F85AFFCAFEBBFE1D6528FD9E" box="[264,333,511,530]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">NOTES</collectionCode>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFEECFE1E666FFD9F" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[351,522,508,531]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericata">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFEECFE1E666FFD9F" box="[351,522,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Lucilia sericata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indigenous to the Holartic Region and has been transported by man, probably recently, to almost all parts of the world (Zumpt 1956: 73). Adults are attracted to carrion, open wounds, the soiled or wet fleece of sheep and to a lesser extent, faeces, in which larvae are also able to complete their development (Zumpt 1965: 48). Prins (1982) records the species as breeding in kelp in 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFDC5FD9E6767FD1F" box="[630,770,636,659]" name="South Africa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, and Coffey (1966, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFC41FD9E603BFD1F" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1863" box="[1010,1118,636,659]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Phaenicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFC41FD9E603BFD1F" box="[1010,1118,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Phaenicia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) reared large numbers from mink dung in the 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFDECFD7E6695FD3F" box="[607,752,668,691]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">United States</collectingCountry>
. They are further attracted to sweet or fermenting liquids and are frequently encountered on flowering plants (Zumpt 1965: 48). The species has great practical significance as a primary causal agent of myiasis in sheep, either alone, or in combination with other species, principally in 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFC8BFD1E67A2FC9F" box="[824,967,764,787]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFBB2FD1E60CBFC9F" box="[1025,1198,764,787]" name="Netherlands" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, but is less significant in 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFE7DFCFE6639FCBF" box="[462,604,796,819]" name="South Africa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFDDBFCFE66AFFCBF" box="[616,714,796,819]" name="Australia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFCB2FCFE67F1FCBF" box="[769,916,796,819]" name="New Zealand" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, where 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFC58FCFE603EFCBF" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1003,1115,796,819]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFC58FCFE679FFCBF" box="[1003,1018,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFBBBFCFE603EFCBF" box="[1032,1115,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">cuprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the main culprit (
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFEF2FCDE650FFCDF" box="[321,362,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ibid</emphasis>
). The species is also a wound parasite of cattle, horses and humans; although in these last mentioned cases they may be beneficial and stimulate the healing process. This is the main species for which larvae are used in human surgery to clean infected wounds, 
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFBEBFC9E60E1FC1F" box="[1112,1156,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">vide</emphasis>
Brumpt (1933) for review. Due to their economic significance, literature on the species is extensive, and the reader is referred to Zumpt (1965: 48–49) for a literature review and Ferrar (1987: 86) for subsequent references. There are a few inland records from 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFC2BFC3E6791FC7F" box="[920,1012,988,1011]" name="Namibia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFBB7FC3E6011FC7F" box="[1028,1140,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">vide supra</emphasis>
), but the species is most commonly recorded on the Namibian coastline and off­shore guano islands (Halifax, Possession Islands). Given the natural barrier to dispersal from coastal sources formed by the Namib Desert, there is a distinct possibility that the species may have been introduced 
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFB51FBDE6166FBDF" box="[1250,1283,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">via</emphasis>
the trade in guano from Europe and North America in the 1840s. The introduction of the related species 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFE3EFB9E677FFB1F" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[397,794,1148,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Chrysomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFE3EFB9E66F8FB1F" box="[397,669,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Chrysomya megacephala</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
into 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFCE7FB9E67BAFB1F" box="[852,991,1148,1171]" name="South Africa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">South Africa</collectingCountry>
has been discussed by Braack (1991). In 
<collectingCountry id="F3457885F85AFFCAFE1EFB7E666CFB3F" box="[429,521,1180,1203]" name="Namibia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Namibia</collectingCountry>
the species is commonly collected in pitfall traps, in Malaise and yellow pan traps, at UV­light, and has been swept from coastal rocks and kelp (Halifax Island), from domestic rubbish (Possession Island) and has been reared from puparia collected from the carcasses of Cape cormorant 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFDE3FB1E60C8FA9F" authority="(Sparrman)" baseAuthorityName="Sparrman" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[592,1197,1276,1299]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFDE3FB1E6734FA9F" box="[592,849,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Phalacrocorax capensis</emphasis>
(Sparrman) (Phalacrocoracidae)
</taxonomicName>
(Bird Rock guano platform). Recorded as occurring at low elevations on the Brandberg (
<quantity id="4CAA95F0F85AFFCAFBD8FAFE60D6FABF" box="[1131,1203,1308,1331]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
). Primarily coastal; in the desert and succulent karoo biomes, with a few inland records (
<figureCitation id="13692490F85AFFCAFBCFFADE60A8FADF" box="[1148,1229,1340,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–50. 45" captionStartId="118.[264,383,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,322,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-72@118.[260,1326,314,1748]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="FIGURES 45–50. 45. Distribution (coverage) of all known records of Calliphoridae from Namibia. 46. Namibian biomes, after Irish (1994), with amendments. 47–50. Distributions of Namibian Calliphoridae species. 47. Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). 48. L. sericata (Meigen). 49. Hemipyrellia fernandica (Macquart). 50. Phumosia sp. 1 nr. mossopi Zumpt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071145/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). Occurs throughout the year, but appears to be most common in January and April (
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFB22FABE60D8FAFF" box="[1169,1213,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">vide</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="C6D00DAEF85AFFCAFB7BFABE6178FAFF" box="[1224,1309,1372,1395]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="41.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Seasonal abundance of Namibian calliphorid species based on specimen data from material in the Namibian National Insect Collection (NMNW). The following species are known only from published records, and as no recent material is available, they are excluded from the table: Auchmeromyia choerophaga, Phumosia tillae, Pseudorhyncomyia deserticola, and Rhyncomya interclusa." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Zumpt (1965: 48–49) describes the three larval stages, including figures of the cephaloskeleton, anterior and posterior spiracles of the three larval instars, plus the posterior end of the larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFEEFFA5D65B3FA5A" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[348,470,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericata">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFEEFFA5D650EFA5A" box="[348,363,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFE33FA5D65B3FA5A" box="[384,470,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">sericata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFDABFA5D66EAFA5A" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[536,655,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFDABFA5D6642FA5A" box="[536,551,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFD8FFA5D66EAFA5A" box="[572,655,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">cuprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additional notes on the 3 
<superScript id="7C27955DF85AFFCAFC7DFA5E67BFFA45" attach="left" box="[974,986,1468,1481]" fontSize="5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">rd</superScript>
instar larva are provided by Erzinçlioğlu (1987).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486B9EF85AFFCAFEBBF9E065E3F959" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED3815F85AFFCAFEBBF9E065E3F959" blockId="56.[264,1324,283,1749]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE: Uncertain. This species is usually confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C524396F85AFFCAFBFCFA1D60A6F99A" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1103,1219,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Lucilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprina">
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFBFCFA1D603BF99A" box="[1103,1118,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFBC3FA1D60A6F99A" box="[1136,1219,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">cuprina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at crime scenes, and its role is probably the same as that species’. There is still confusion regarding the identity of the two species as the characters provided in keys to separate them are inconsistent. Some in­depth molecular studies are required to resolve the issue. The specimens reared from crime scenes are generally separated on the basis of larval morphology, in particular the spiracular structure (M. Mansell pers. comm.). For further information 
<emphasis id="B926E407F85AFFCAFBB3F97D6049F93A" box="[1024,1068,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">vide</emphasis>
Greenberg and Kunich (2002).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>