507 lines
62 KiB
XML
507 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="3455CFA95C22DD1334D5DC35EB344600" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173981" ID-GBIF-Dataset="518e12ee-8606-468f-8535-9fa03089ab72" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173981" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459787373710" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Quiroga, Sigmer Y., Bolaños, D. Marcela & Litvaitis, Marian K." docDate="2006" docId="03FB3A42B40FFFA0FECAFD192249FAA7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01317p019.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1317" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Oligocladus voightae Quiroga, Bolaños & Litvaitis, 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFC2423AB404FFB0FFC2FFC8276AFF86" masterDocTitle="First description of deepsea polyclad flatworms from the North Pacific: Anocellidus n. gen. profundus n. sp. (Anocellidae, n. fam.) and Oligocladus voightae n. sp. (Euryleptidae)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698218752098" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="216E6D5CBC378F3131315FEA12A59CED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="076441F3D0E85164858322F144CAD6F1">
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<mods:title id="59C3A69BE04B827E1053BF3A18691613">First description of deepsea polyclad flatworms from the North Pacific: Anocellidus n. gen. profundus n. sp. (Anocellidae, n. fam.) and Oligocladus voightae n. sp. (Euryleptidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="332EDF40054B6AA51110B3894A91859B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B9B3B874E654DCA110A7A7F4616AEF58">
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<mods:roleTerm id="127EC63C4691746F66A529F8FFB38D62">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8C96FC3E33C0DB07A2194FE863BCDC48">Quiroga, Sigmer Y.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="436D1843EE2DD16E0AC237925BD7F001" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FB6CDFFB2B57277DC42C206271A3140F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="63CD8371FF512CF9D9C9F5672C984DA5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3A598DB08BE49DE1A03477F113C7ACC5">Bolaños, D. Marcela</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="06F1AD738FF88514651FDFB585B237A7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="45ED47F414DB12AF5C9FB1B7949DA1DB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E1BC3820C25EEDCB17DCC354D4E2EEF3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CD4A54CED5E91B73964FDB3A71FF96B4">Litvaitis, Marian K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6A1658CE53F22EFD30162628EE7EBF0C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="66A13B7706B89D80D9BEF39DA7B766B5">
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<mods:title id="673DFC66C25E0C55501F400517CBD158">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2BD1AA996A1FD0B1F80B761ED3993F41">
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<mods:date id="07A3F1A567E3DF65F7BCF5E05628DAC0">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8354B4DCC85115646A83E698B7BD1384" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9D7CB80655974A7138E3D1DFDB93A54B">1317</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="9B9FB2AC536D6F46200316CE460761A0">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="96CC04773A3CB9595EAA1CC6E5EBB129">19</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="299B6CCDF51BC327FFDCC5980AC41EC3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2768A38601DBF788801DB08C01E60533" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.173981</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73A4246AA256007D616394B9FF5A8DA4" type="GBIF-Dataset">518e12ee-8606-468f-8535-9fa03089ab72</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BABADCCCD5D3A8B470561786794E75A4" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F56AB43720A226B01C6DE2D70DF08D2" type="Zenodo-Dep">173981</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB3A42B40FFFA0FECAFD192249FAA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689594" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119349468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB3A42B40FFFA0FECAFD192249FAA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB3A42B40FFFA0FECAFD192249FAA7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C348D8DFB40FFFBBFECAFD1925D6FD6D" box="[264,700,721,747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFECAFD1925D6FD6D" blockId="11.[264,700,721,747]" box="[264,700,721,747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0A53C38B40FFFBBFECAFD1925D6FD6D" bold="true" box="[264,700,721,747]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFECAFD1925D6FD6D" bold="true" box="[264,700,721,747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40FFFBBFEB6FD1926B0FD6D" box="[372,474,721,747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEB6FD1926B0FD6D" bold="true" box="[372,474,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">voightae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215EA3DB40FFFBBFE20FD19254EFD6D" box="[482,548,721,747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136997D1B40FFFBBFDF6FD1925DEFD6D" box="[564,692,721,747]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStart-4="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="12.[264,368,1768,1792]" captionStartId-1="13.[264,367,734,758]" captionStartId-2="14.[264,367,1534,1558]" captionStartId-3="15.[264,368,1007,1031]" captionStartId-4="15.[264,368,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox-0="[441,1145,672,1743]" captionTargetBox-1="[409,1177,326,710]" captionTargetBox-2="[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetBox-3="[541,1035,492,973]" captionTargetBox-4="[461,1186,1127,1486]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[441,1145,672,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[409,1177,326,710]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetId-3="figure@15.[519,1068,466,1004]" captionTargetId-4="figure@15.[377,1209,1102,1512]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Whole mount of Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Anterior end, showing tentacles (arrow heads), massive pharynx, and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Higher magnification of anterior end. Arrow heads indicate putative pores of vesicular channel system. Note, channels are only found on one side of the animal. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Sagittal section of Oligocladus voightae n. sp., showing details of intestine and characteristic anal pore (arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Sagittal histological section of the anterior end showing position of brain posterior to mouth and details of the male and female reproductive systems. Scale bar = 150 µm. B. Higher magnification sagittal section through male copulatory complex. Asterisk indicates the connecting duct between the seminal vesicle and the accessory storage vesicle. Scale bar = 100 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Diagram of ventral view of Oligocladus voightae n. sp., showing position of male and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 10. Schematic sagittal representation of reproductive and digestive systems of Oligocladus voightae n. sp. Scale bar = 250 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/173987/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173988/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/173989/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/173990/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/173991/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348D8DFB40FFFBBFECAFCD42338FBA0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFECAFCD4252CFCB3" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" box="[264,582,796,821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFECAFCD4252CFCB3" box="[264,582,796,821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="54E935F6B40FFFBBFECAFCD42655FCB3" box="[264,319,796,821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
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material and locality:
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFC8C2402FC28" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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a)
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<typeStatus id="54E935F6B40FFFBBFE9AFC8C26A2FCD8" box="[344,456,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, whole mount, one mature specimen (
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||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFC56FC8C2480FCD8" box="[916,1002,836,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFC31FC8C2343FCD8" box="[1011,1065,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1910-10">
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||
x
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<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFBCEFC8C2343FCD8" box="[1036,1065,836,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.0">10</quantity>
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||
</date>
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mm),
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<collectionCode id="ED431391B40FFFBBFBBEFC8C23BBFCD8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[1148,1233,836,862]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FMNH</collectionCode>
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12560, collected
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<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFEB8FCA4269DFC00" box="[378,503,876,902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1930-08">30 August</date>
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||
, 2004 from Escanaba Trough,
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||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFCA1FCA424CAFC00" box="[867,928,876,902]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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||
N of Marker
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<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFB87FCA42303FC00" box="[1093,1129,876,902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6X</date>
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||
on Central Hill, from
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||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFE8AFC5C26CBFC28" box="[328,417,916,942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.232" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3232.0">3232 m</quantity>
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||
depth (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66ED93B40FFFBBFE38FC5C25F0FC28" box="[506,666,916,942]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="41.00453">41° 00.272’N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66ED93B40FFFBBFD60FC5C2431FC28" box="[674,859,916,942]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-127.49465">127° 29.679’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFC742338FBA0" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
b)
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<typeStatus id="54E935F6B40FFFBBFE9AFC7426ABFC50" box="[344,449,956,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
, one mature specimen as serial sagittal sections (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFBC7FC742332FC50" box="[1029,1112,956,982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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||
<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFBA2FC7423EFFC50" box="[1120,1157,956,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFBB4FC7423EFFC50" box="[1142,1157,956,982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="9.0">9</quantity>
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||
</date>
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||
mm),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED431391B40FFFBBFB16FC742243FC50" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[1236,1321,956,982]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FMNH</collectionCode>
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||
12464, collected with
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||
<typeStatus id="54E935F6B40FFFBBFDC8FC2C251BFC78" box="[522,625,996,1022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFDBAFC2C2599FC78" box="[632,755,996,1022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1930-08">30 August</date>
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||
, 2004 from Escanaba Trough,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFB9AFC2C23F9FC78" box="[1112,1171,996,1022]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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||
N of Marker
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||
<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFECAFBC42646FBA0" box="[264,300,1036,1062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6X</date>
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||
on Central Hill, from
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||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFDF0FBC425E1FBA0" box="[562,651,1036,1062]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.232" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3232.0">3232 m</quantity>
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||
(depth
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66ED93B40FFFBBFD26FBC424EEFBA0" box="[740,900,1036,1062]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="41.00453">41° 00.272’N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE66ED93B40FFFBBFC49FBC4232CFBA0" box="[907,1094,1036,1062]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-127.49465">127° 29.679’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348D8DFB40FFFBBFEFAFBFC2418FBC8" box="[312,882,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFBFC2418FBC8" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" box="[312,882,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAFBFC26BBFBCB" box="[312,465,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution:</emphasis>
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||
To date, found only at
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||
<typeStatus id="54E935F6B40FFFBBFD22FBFC2478FBC8" box="[736,786,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348D8DFB40FFFBBFEFAFB9425FCFB18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFB9425FCFB18" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAFB9426D4FBF3" box="[312,446,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology:</emphasis>
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||
Species named in honor of Dr. Janet Voight of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348D8DFB40FFFBBFEFAFB6423CFFAB8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFB6423CFFAB8" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAFB6426D3FB43" box="[312,441,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Mouth anterior to the brain. Eyes, few and minute, scattered on the tentacles. Seminal vesicle connected posteriorly to an auxiliary storage vesicle containing a basophilic substance (possibly sperm). Auxilliary storage vesicle extends dorsally over the seminal vesicle. Posterior anal pore in main median branch of the intestine.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348D8DFB40FFFA0FEFAFA842249FAA7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFA8426A3FAE0" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" box="[312,457,1356,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAFA8426A3FAE0" bold="true" box="[312,457,1356,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFABC2561FA0B" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" box="[312,523,1396,1421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAFABC2561FA0B" box="[312,523,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">External features:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAFA54240FF980" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAFA5426F5FA33" box="[312,415,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Color —</emphasis>
|
||
preserved animals have a milky white dorsal surface with ovaries appearing as dark brown spots that form a radial pattern. White intestinal branches are visible through the epidermis. The ventral surface is white.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAF9DC2536F920" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAF9DC26CBF9AB" box="[312,417,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Form —</emphasis>
|
||
oval body shape, margins without folds except for the ones forming the tentacles. The two specimens measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFD21F9F42444F9D0" box="[739,814,1596,1622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="12.0">12mm</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFCF5F9F42409F9D0" box="[823,867,1596,1622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1910-10">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFC84F9F42409F9D0" box="[838,867,1596,1622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.0">10</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFC16F9F4234CF9D0" box="[980,1062,1596,1622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B40FFFBBFBECF9F4233EF9D0" box="[1070,1108,1596,1622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B40FFFBBFB87F9F4233EF9D0" box="[1093,1108,1596,1622]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="9.0">9</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm, respectively. A very conspicuous sucker is located right in the center of the ventral surface, posterior to the pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B40FFFBBFE61F944269FF920" box="[419,501,1676,1702]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[264,368,1007,1031]" captionTargetBox="[541,1035,492,973]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[519,1068,466,1004]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Diagram of ventral view of Oligocladus voightae n. sp., showing position of male and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173990/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B40FFFBBFDEFF9442524F920" box="[557,590,1676,1702]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[264,368,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[461,1186,1127,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[377,1209,1102,1512]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Schematic sagittal representation of reproductive and digestive systems of Oligocladus voightae n. sp. Scale bar = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173991/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAF97C237EF970" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAF97C26BBF94B" box="[312,465,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tentacles —</emphasis>
|
||
Short (~600 µm), blunt, marginal tentacles formed mainly by the elongation of the body margin rather than the folding of it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B40FFFBBFC7CF914236CF970" box="[958,1030,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[441,1145,672,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[441,1145,672,1744]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Whole mount of Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Anterior end, showing tentacles (arrow heads), massive pharynx, and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Higher magnification of anterior end. Arrow heads indicate putative pores of vesicular channel system. Note, channels are only found on one side of the animal. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173987/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBBFEFAF8CC2630F8C0" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAF8CC26FCF89B" box="[312,406,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eyes —</emphasis>
|
||
Few and minute, scattered over the tentacles. Cerebral and marginal eyes absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40FFFBCFEFAF89C24E5FDF0" blockId="11.[264,1325,796,1902]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1324,284,630]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40FFFBBFEFAF89C254AF8EB" box="[312,544,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Digestive system —</emphasis>
|
||
the mouth is a small opening, anterior to the brain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B40FFFBBFB45F89C23A7F8E8" box="[1159,1229,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Sagittal histological section of the anterior end showing position of brain posterior to mouth and details of the male and female reproductive systems. Scale bar = 150 µm. B. Higher magnification sagittal section through male copulatory complex. Asterisk indicates the connecting duct between the seminal vesicle and the accessory storage vesicle. Scale bar = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The very muscular and cylindrical pharynx is directed forward and located in the anterior half of the worm, just anterior to the sucker. It folds back on itself in an Sshape, possibly due to a preservation artifact (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B408FFBCFDFFFEA425E4FE00" box="[573,654,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Sagittal histological section of the anterior end showing position of brain posterior to mouth and details of the male and female reproductive systems. Scale bar = 150 µm. B. Higher magnification sagittal section through male copulatory complex. Asterisk indicates the connecting duct between the seminal vesicle and the accessory storage vesicle. Scale bar = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173989/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A and 10). The pharynx connects to a median intestinal branch which itself extents anteriorly dorsal to the brain, and posteriorly almost to the body margin. The posterior part of the median intestinal branch divides into 6 to 8 large, radial branches and 4 smaller ones just dorsal to the pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B408FFBCFBC5FE2C2339FE78" box="[1031,1107,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[264,367,734,758]" captionTargetBox="[409,1177,326,710]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[409,1177,326,710]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sagittal section of Oligocladus voightae n. sp., showing details of intestine and characteristic anal pore (arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173988/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). An anal pore is present on the medial intestinal branch just prior to the terminal end of the branch itself (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B408FFBCFED3FDFC2632FDC8" box="[273,344,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[264,367,734,758]" captionTargetBox="[409,1177,326,710]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[409,1177,326,710]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sagittal section of Oligocladus voightae n. sp., showing details of intestine and characteristic anal pore (arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173988/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). An anterior vesicle opening to the exterior was observed, but there is no evidence of it being connected or related to the digestive system.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DDBDCB408FFBCFECAF92023B6F8EE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173987/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[441,1145,672,1743]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B408FFBCFECAF92023B6F8EE" blockId="12.[264,1323,1768,1896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B408FFBCFECAF92026E4F886" bold="true" box="[264,398,1768,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Whole mount of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B408FFBCFD99F9212429F886" box="[603,835,1769,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B408FFBCFD99F9212429F886" box="[603,835,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oligocladus voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B408FFBCFC8CF92024E4F886" bold="true" box="[846,910,1768,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215EA3DB408FFBCFC8CF92024E4F886" box="[846,910,1768,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; photomicrographs. A. Anterior end, showing tentacles (arrow heads), massive pharynx, and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Higher magnification of anterior end. Arrow heads indicate putative pores of vesicular channel system. Note, channels are only found on one side of the animal. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DDBDCB409FFBDFECAFD16244DFC9E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173988/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[409,1177,326,710]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B409FFBDFECAFD16244DFC9E" blockId="13.[264,1322,734,792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFECAFD1626FAFD70" bold="true" box="[264,400,734,758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFDB7FD17240AFD70" box="[629,864,735,758]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFDB7FD17240AFD70" box="[629,864,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Oligocladus voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFCAEFD1624C4FD70" bold="true" box="[876,942,734,758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215EA3DB409FFBDFCAEFD1624C4FD70" box="[876,942,734,758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, showing details of intestine and characteristic anal pore (arrow). Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B409FFBDFEFAFC8F2523FCE6" blockId="13.[264,1324,839,1905]" box="[312,585,839,864]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFEFAFC8F2523FCE6" box="[312,585,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Reproductive anatomy:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B409FFBDFEFAFCA7241FFC37" blockId="13.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFEFAFCA726B0FC0E" box="[312,474,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gonopores —</emphasis>
|
||
pores are well separated from each other. The female pore is posterior to the male pore and located well anterior of the sucker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B409FFBDFEFAFC7725E3FB77" blockId="13.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFEFAFC7725C8FC5E" box="[312,674,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Male copulatory apparatus —</emphasis>
|
||
testes are scattered ventrally all over the body but are especially concentrated in the posterior end. The male apparatus is rather small compared to the size of the animal. A free prostatic vesicle (125 µm) is located just dorsal to the male atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B409FFBDFEAAFBFF26D8FBD7" box="[360,434,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Sagittal histological section of the anterior end showing position of brain posterior to mouth and details of the male and female reproductive systems. Scale bar = 150 µm. B. Higher magnification sagittal section through male copulatory complex. Asterisk indicates the connecting duct between the seminal vesicle and the accessory storage vesicle. Scale bar = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173989/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The seminal vesicle is larger than the prostatic vesicle (175µm), and is located posterior to the atrium. In addition, the seminal vesicle is connected to an accessory storage vesicle containing a basophilic substance, possibly sperm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B409FFBDFB61FB4F239CFB27" box="[1187,1270,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[441,1145,646,1510]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Sagittal histological section of the anterior end showing position of brain posterior to mouth and details of the male and female reproductive systems. Scale bar = 150 µm. B. Higher magnification sagittal section through male copulatory complex. Asterisk indicates the connecting duct between the seminal vesicle and the accessory storage vesicle. Scale bar = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173989/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B409FFBDFECAFB672642FB4F" box="[264,296,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[264,368,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[461,1186,1127,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[377,1209,1102,1512]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Schematic sagittal representation of reproductive and digestive systems of Oligocladus voightae n. sp. Scale bar = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173991/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). This accessory vesicle wraps itself dorsally around the seminal vesicle. A deep atrium houses a pointed stylet (175µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B409FFBDFEFAFB372695FA3F" blockId="13.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFEFAFB3725D4FA9E" box="[312,702,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Female copulatory apparatus —</emphasis>
|
||
The ovaries are dorsal and scattered over the entire body, fanning out in a radial pattern from the pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B409FFBDFC50FAEF24B2FAC7" box="[914,984,1319,1345]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[441,1145,672,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[441,1145,672,1744]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Whole mount of Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Anterior end, showing tentacles (arrow heads), massive pharynx, and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Higher magnification of anterior end. Arrow heads indicate putative pores of vesicular channel system. Note, channels are only found on one side of the animal. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173987/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Two small uterine trunks are present behind the pharynx. Numerous uterine vesicles are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136997D1B409FFBDFBA7FA8723DDFAEF" box="[1125,1207,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[441,1145,672,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[441,1145,672,1744]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Whole mount of Oligocladus voightae n. sp.; photomicrographs. A. Anterior end, showing tentacles (arrow heads), massive pharynx, and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm. B. Higher magnification of anterior end. Arrow heads indicate putative pores of vesicular channel system. Note, channels are only found on one side of the animal. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173987/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A and 9). The female atrium is not very deep and connected to a simple vagina, which in turn connects to oviducts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B409FFBDFEFAFA0E2556FA66" blockId="13.[264,1324,839,1905]" box="[312,572,1478,1504]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFEFAFA0E2556FA66" bold="true" box="[312,572,1478,1504]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taxonomic remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B409FFBDFEFAFA27263EF8F7" blockId="13.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Both,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B409FFBDFE43FA27255EF98F" author="Faubel" box="[385,564,1519,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" refString="Faubel, A. (1984 a) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 81, 189 - 259." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">Faubel (1984a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B409FFBDFDB3FA272443F98F" author="Prudhoe" box="[625,809,1519,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1985) A Monograph on Polyclad Turbellaria. Oxford University Press: Oxford." type="book" year="1985">Prudhoe (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are in agreement of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFB59FA272240F98E" box="[1179,1322,1519,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFB59FA272240F98E" box="[1179,1322,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Oligocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFEA9F9DF256EF9B7" box="[363,516,1559,1585]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Euryleptidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, either classification system may be used for its identification. Conspicuous characters such as a digestive system with a median main intestinal branch, a plicate, cylindrical pharynx extending anteriorly to the level of the brain, a male copulatory complex located anterior to the female one, and a true free prostatic vesicle, clearly place this species in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFC32F97F23E0F957" box="[1008,1162,1719,1745]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Euryleptidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFECAF91726CBF97F" box="[264,417,1759,1785]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Euryleptidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, three genera share the possession of an anal pore in the main intestinal branch,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFEADF8CF25C9F8A6" box="[367,675,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFEADF8CF256BF8A6" box="[367,513,1799,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oligocladus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFDD7F8CF25F5F8A6" box="[533,671,1799,1824]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Cycloporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Cycloporus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFD2FF8CF24E7F8A6" box="[749,909,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFD2FF8CF24E2F8A6" box="[749,904,1799,1824]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Leptoteredra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Leptoteredra</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFBA3F8CF239AF8A6" box="[1121,1264,1799,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFBA3F8CF239AF8A6" box="[1121,1264,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Oligocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B409FFBDFECAF8E726E5F8CE" box="[264,399,1839,1864]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Cycloporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B409FFBDFECAF8E726E5F8CE" box="[264,399,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cycloporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also possess a pair of uterine trunks with multiple uterine vesicles (Faubel 1984).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40AFFBEFEFAFED425D8FDC8" blockId="14.[264,1323,284,590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFEFAFED426ADFEB3" box="[312,455,284,309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFEFAFED426ADFEB3" box="[312,455,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oligocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFDC8FED425FBFEB3" box="[522,657,284,309]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Cycloporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFDC8FED425FBFEB3" box="[522,657,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cycloporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished by the presence of many peripheral vesicles opening to the exterior. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFD60FE8C2443FEDB" box="[674,809,324,349]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Cycloporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFD60FE8C2443FEDB" box="[674,809,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cycloporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these vesicles have clear connections to the digestive system; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFDCBFEA425F2FE03" box="[521,664,364,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFDCBFEA425F2FE03" box="[521,664,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oligocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they do not. In one examined specimen, a vesicular channel system opening via several pores to the exterior was observed in the anterior portion, albeit only on one side of the worm. However, the relationship of this channel system to the digestive system is uncertain. In addition, an obvious anal pore opening dorsally from the caudal end of the main intestinal branch confirmed a placement into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFECAFDFC26F2FDCB" box="[264,408,564,589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFECAFDFC26F2FDCB" box="[264,408,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oligocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFDE6FDFC25C1FDCB" box="[548,683,564,589]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Cycloporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFDE6FDFC25C1FDCB" box="[548,683,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cycloporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DDBDCB40AFFBEFECAFA362593F926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173989/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[441,1145,646,1510]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40AFFBEFECAFA362593F926" blockId="14.[264,1323,1534,1696]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFECAFA3626E0F990" bold="true" box="[264,394,1534,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFE51FA372513F990" box="[403,633,1535,1558]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFE51FA372513F990" box="[403,633,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oligocladus voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFD42FA3625D6F990" bold="true" box="[640,700,1534,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215EA3DB40AFFBEFD42FA3625D6F990" box="[640,700,1534,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; photomicrographs. A. Sagittal histological section of the anterior end showing position of brain posterior to mouth and details of the male and female reproductive systems. Scale bar = 150 µm. B. Higher magnification sagittal section through male copulatory complex. Asterisk indicates the connecting duct between the seminal vesicle and the accessory storage vesicle. Scale bar = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40AFFBFFEFAF91C230DFE28" blockId="14.[264,1323,1748,1894]" lastBlockId="15.[264,1322,284,430]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B40AFFBEFE19F91C25DFF968" author="Hadenfeldt" box="[475,693,1748,1774]" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" refString="Hadenfeldt, D. (1929) Das Nervensystem von Stylochoplana maculata und Notoplana atomata. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoology, 133, 586 - 638." type="journal article" year="1929">Hadenfeldt (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognizes the position of the brain posterior to the mouth as unique to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFDBBF9342462F893" box="[633,776,1788,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFDBBF9342462F893" box="[633,776,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oligocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only two species. According to Faubel (1984), the anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40AFFBEFDDDF8EC25FCF8BB" box="[543,662,1828,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40AFFBEFDDDF8EC25FCF8BB" box="[543,662,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not very well known, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B40AFFBEFBE9F8EC23D7F8B8" author="Lang" box="[1067,1213,1828,1854]" pageId="14" pageNumber="18" refString="Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel 11. ix + 688 pp. Leipzig." type="book" year="1884">Lang (1884)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed it into this genus because its brain is posterior to the mouth. Thus, the position of the brain of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40BFFBFFECAFED426FBFEB3" box="[264,401,284,309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFECAFED426FBFEB3" box="[264,401,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
supports the placement of this species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40BFFBFFC31FED423E8FEB3" box="[1011,1154,284,309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFC31FED423E8FEB3" box="[1011,1154,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the general anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40BFFBFFDE4FE8C25DBFEDB" box="[550,689,324,349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFDE4FE8C25DBFEDB" box="[550,689,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corresponds well with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40BFFBFFBE6FE8C2387FEDB" box="[1060,1261,324,349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanginolentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFBE6FE8C2387FEDB" box="[1060,1261,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. sanginolentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the exception of the presence of two sharplydefined clusters of cerebral eyes and an anteriorly trifurcated intestinal trunk in the latter species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B40BFFBFFC6BFE5C2330FE28" author="Prudhoe" box="[937,1114,404,430]" pageId="15" pageNumber="19" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1985) A Monograph on Polyclad Turbellaria. Oxford University Press: Oxford." type="book" year="1985">Prudhoe, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DDBDCB40BFFBFFECAFC272474FBAF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173990/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[541,1035,492,973]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40BFFBFFECAFC272474FBAF" blockId="15.[264,1322,1007,1065]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFECAFC2726E1FB81" bold="true" box="[264,395,1007,1031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagram of ventral view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40BFFBFFD78FC2724F5FB80" box="[698,927,1007,1030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFD78FC2724F5FB80" box="[698,927,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligocladus voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFC67FC27248BFB81" bold="true" box="[933,993,1007,1031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215EA3DB40BFFBFFC67FC27248BFB81" box="[933,993,1007,1031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, showing position of male and female reproductive structures. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2DDBDCB40BFFBFFECAFA232465F9A2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173991/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[461,1186,1127,1486]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40BFFBFFECAFA232465F9A2" blockId="15.[264,1322,1515,1573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFECAFA2326C9F985" bold="true" box="[264,419,1515,1539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic sagittal representation of reproductive and digestive systems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B40BFFBFFECAF9C62687F9A3" box="[264,493,1550,1573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFECAF9C62687F9A3" box="[264,493,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oligocladus voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFE36F9C5255AF9A3" bold="true" box="[500,560,1549,1573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215EA3DB40BFFBFFE36F9C5255AF9A3" box="[500,560,1549,1573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar = 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40BFFBFFEFAF99B2558F9EB" blockId="15.[264,1323,1619,1885]" box="[312,562,1619,1645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B40BFFBFFEFAF99B2558F9EB" bold="true" box="[312,562,1619,1645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecological remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B40BFFA0FEFAF9B326F0FE00" blockId="15.[264,1323,1619,1885]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1323,284,1313]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
It is interesting to note that the two newly described species so far have been collected only from deepsea wood deployments heavily colonized by woodboring clams (species of which are currently being described, Dr. J. Voight, Chicago Field Museum, pers. comm.). Previously,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B40BFFBFFDCDF93B25D4F88B" author="Turner" box="[527,702,1779,1805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="19" refString="Turner, R. D. (1978) Wood, mollusks, and deep-sea food chains. Bulletin of the American Malacological Union for 1977, 13 - 19." type="journal article" year="1978">Turner (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated the importance of deepsea wood deployments in the establishment of a highly diverse community, consisting of woodboring bivalves, predatory polychaetes and gastropods, galatheid crabs, echinoderms and most likely fish. With respect to flatworms,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FCD9FED424AAFEB0" author="Turner" box="[795,960,284,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" refString="Turner, R. D. (1978) Wood, mollusks, and deep-sea food chains. Bulletin of the American Malacological Union for 1977, 13 - 19." type="journal article" year="1978">Turner (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports a single specimen of a predatory turbellarian only; the most abundant taxa of her study being gastropods and polychaetes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B414FFA0FEFAFE5C224FFDC8" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1313]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
This contrasts sharply with polyclad densities found at Escanaba Trough and ODP. In
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B414FFA0FECAFE7426C9FE50" box="[264,419,444,470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2004-08">August 2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5440DDB414FFA0FE6DFE742537FE50" box="[431,605,444,470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">149 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected from four
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B414FFA0FC50FE742480FE50" box="[914,1002,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="18.0">18 inch</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B414FFA0FC30FE74237CFE50" box="[1010,1046,444,470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B414FFA0FBCAFE74237CFE50" box="[1032,1046,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="4.0">4</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
inch
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B414FFA0FB9BFE742315FE50" box="[1113,1151,444,470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B414FFA0FBB2FE742315FE50" box="[1136,1151,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="4.0">4</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
inch pieces of lumber at Escanaba Trough that had been deployed there in
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B414FFA0FC15FE2C2325FE78" box="[983,1103,484,510]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2002-07">July 2002</date>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B414FFA0FB6DFE2C224DFE78" box="[1199,1319,484,510]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2003-07">July 2003</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5440DDB414FFA0FECAFDC426C3FDA0" box="[264,425,524,550]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">47 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected from ODP 1026B and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5440DDB414FFA0FC42FDC4234BFDA0" box="[896,1057,524,550]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">33 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from near Baby Bare Seamount off identical deployments made in
|
||
<date id="FFECAD94B414FFA0FCD4FDFC24BFFDC8" box="[790,981,564,590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2002-09">September 2002</date>
|
||
(Dr. J. Voight, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B414FFA0FEFAFD942512FBB7" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1313]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The ecological function of the two newly described species may be inferred from known predatory behavior of other polyclads. Acotyleans of the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B414FFA0FB41FD4C2241FD18" box="[1155,1323,644,670]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Leptoplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B414FFA0FE82FD6426A0FD40" box="[320,458,684,710]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Stylochidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to prey on rock and pearl oysters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FBE3FD64224CFD40" author="Newman" box="[1057,1318,684,710]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Newman, L. J., Cannon, L. R. G. & Govan, H. (1993) Stylochus (Imogene) matatasi n. sp. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida): Pest of cultured giant clams and pearl oysters from Solomon Islands. Hydrobiologia, 257, 185 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Newman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FB58FD6423B1FD43" box="[1178,1243,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FECAFD1C2535FD68" author="O'Connor" box="[264,607,724,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="O'Connor, W. A. & Newman, L. J. (2001) Halotolerance of the oyster predator, Imogine mcgrathi, a stylochid flatworm from Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia. Hydrobiologia 459, 157 - 163." type="journal article" year="2001">O'Connor & Newman 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), blue mussels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FCEBFD1C2372FD68" author="Galleni" box="[809,1048,724,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Galleni, L., Tongiorgi, P., Ferroro, E. & Salghetti, U. (1980) Stylochus mediterraneus (Turbellaria: Polycladida), predator on the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Marine Biology 55, 317 - 326." type="journal article" year="1980">
|
||
Galleni
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FC4CFD1C24A4FD6B" box="[910,974,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FBEBFD1C2274FD68" author="Villalba" box="[1065,1310,724,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" refString="Villalba, A., Mourelle, S. G., Carballal, M. J. & Lopez, C. (1997) Symbionts and diseases of farmed mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis throughout the culture process in the Rias of Galicia (NW Spain). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 31, 127 - 139." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Villalba
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FB50FD1C23B8FD6B" box="[1170,1234,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), barnacles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FE48FD34251DFC90" author="Murina" box="[394,631,764,790]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Murina, G. - V., Grintsov, V. & Solonchenko, A. (1995) Stylochus tauricus, a predator of the barnacle Balanus improvisus in the Black Sea. Hydrobiologia 305, 101 - 104." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Murina
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FE2CFD342544FC93" box="[494,558,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and cultured giant clams (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FC13FD3423B9FC90" author="Newman" box="[977,1235,764,790]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Newman, L. J., Cannon, L. R. G. & Govan, H. (1993) Stylochus (Imogene) matatasi n. sp. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida): Pest of cultured giant clams and pearl oysters from Solomon Islands. Hydrobiologia, 257, 185 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Newman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FB8BFD3423E2FC93" box="[1097,1160,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their impact can be substantial, as they often feed exclusively on spat or juvenile bivalves, resulting in as much as 90% mortality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FD2FFC842486FCE0" author="Newman" box="[749,1004,844,870]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Newman, L. J., Cannon, L. R. G. & Govan, H. (1993) Stylochus (Imogene) matatasi n. sp. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida): Pest of cultured giant clams and pearl oysters from Solomon Islands. Hydrobiologia, 257, 185 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Newman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FCA6FC8424C8FCE3" box="[868,930,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Predation by a stylochid polyclad on oysters has been reported also for the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F345CBC4B414FFA0FC9EFCBC24E8FC08" box="[860,898,884,910]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atlantic and Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F345CBC4B414FFA0FB43FCBC23B0FC08" box="[1153,1242,884,910]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
coasts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FED2FC54268AFC30" author="Provenzano" box="[272,480,924,950]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Provenzano, A. J. (1961) Effects of the flatworm Stylochus ellipticus (Girard) on oyster spat in two salt water ponds in Massachusetts. Proceedings of the National Shellfish Association 50, 83 - 88." type="journal article" year="1961">Provenzano 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FE2FFC542476FC30" author="Webster" box="[493,796,924,950]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" refString="Webster, J. R. & Medford, R. Z. (1961) Flatworm distribution and associated oyster mortality in Chesapeake Bay. Proceedings of the National Shellfish Association 50, 89 - 96." type="journal article" year="1961">Webster & Medford 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FCEAFC54249DFC30" author="Christensen" box="[808,1015,924,950]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Christensen, D. J. (1973) Prey preference of Stylochus ellipticus in Chesapeake Bay. Proceedings of the National Shellfish Association, 63, 35 - 38." type="journal article" year="1973">Christensen 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FBC1FC542381FC30" author="Chintala" box="[1027,1259,924,950]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Chintala, M. M. & Kennedy, V. S. (1993) Reproduction of Stylochus ellipticus (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) in response to temperature, food, and presence or absence of a partner. Biological Bulletin, 185, 373 - 387." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Chintala
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FBAEFC5423CDFC33" box="[1132,1191,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FECAFC0F269DFC67" box="[264,503,967,993]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Newell, R. I. E., Alspach, G. S., Kennedy, V. S. & Jacobs, D. (2000) Mortality of newly metamorphosed eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in mesohaline Chesapeake Bay. Marine Biology, 136, 665 - 676." type="journal article">
|
||
Newell
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FEA7FC0F26CBFC66" box="[357,417,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were able to show that small (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA26B1B414FFA0FCBDFC0F24A9FC67" box="[895,963,967,993]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
2) polyclads were instrumental in significantly reducing the numbers of young oyster spat (less than 3 weeks postsettlement) in Chesapeake Bay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED8B54B414FFA0FEFAFBF72249FAA7" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1313]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3F6A5B414FFA0FE75FBF72445FBDF" box="[439,815,1087,1113]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" refString="Ritson-Williams, R., Yotsu-Yamashita, M. & Paul, V. J. (2006) Ecological functions of tetrodotoxin in a deadly polyclad flatworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, 3176 - 3179." type="journal article">
|
||
RitsonWilliams
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FD48FBF725A5FBDE" box="[650,719,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the predatory behavior of a planocerid, concluding that this flatworm uses tetrodotoxin to capture and kill its mollusk prey. From the observed ecological association of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B414FFA0FC9BFB472308FB2E" box="[857,1122,1167,1192]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Anocellidae" genus="Anocellidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FC9BFB472308FB2E" box="[857,1122,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Anocellidus profundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52F0D7B414FFA0FB59FB472607FB56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Oligocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="voightae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9265746B414FFA0FB59FB472607FB56" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oligocladus voightae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with deepsea bivalves, it is tempting to speculate that the flatworms may use a toxin such as tetrodotoxin to subdue their prey. At this point, however, such predatorprey interactions, and the presence of toxins in deepsea flatworms remain to be demonstrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |