571 lines
72 KiB
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571 lines
72 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E7728B7D34C2E30E82FFE792A4B07E55">Morphological revision of the western Palaearctic species of the genus Copris Geoffroy, 1762 with three foretibial external teeth (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae)</mods:title>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFD96F929300FF920" author="Faldermann, F." box="[574,821,1665,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 310" refId="ref15063" refString="Faldermann, F. 1835. Addimenta entomologica ad faunam rossicam in itineribus Jussu Imperatoris Augustissimi annis 1827 - 1831 a Cl. Menetries et Szovitz susceptis collecta, in lucem edita. Coleoptera Persica-Armeniaca. Noveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 4 (2): 1 - 310, 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1835">Faldermann, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C744683802DFF8EFF68F9693181F963" ID-CoL="9JZYF" authority="Faldermann 1835: 238" authorityName="Faldermann" authorityPageNumber="238" authorityYear="1835" box="[192,699,1729,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniaca">
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<emphasis id="B900E112802DFF8EFF68F96932A0F960" box="[192,410,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Copris armeniaca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFE0AF9693181F963" author="Faldermann, F." box="[418,699,1729,1754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 310" refId="ref15063" refString="Faldermann, F. 1835. Addimenta entomologica ad faunam rossicam in itineribus Jussu Imperatoris Augustissimi annis 1827 - 1831 a Cl. Menetries et Szovitz susceptis collecta, in lucem edita. Coleoptera Persica-Armeniaca. Noveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 4 (2): 1 - 310, 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1835">Faldermann 1835: 238</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFD6FF969309AF960" author="Marseul, S. A." box="[711,928,1729,1754]" page="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1866">
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFF68F94931A9F943" author="Marseul, S. A." box="[192,659,1761,1786]" page="79" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1857">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744683802DFF8EFF68F94931A9F943" ID-CoL="7ZMFC" authority=": Marseul 1857: 79" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1857" box="[192,659,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
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<emphasis id="B900E112802DFF8EFF68F9493292F940" box="[192,424,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Copris armeniacus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFE11F94931A9F943" author="Marseul, S. A." box="[441,659,1761,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref16222" refString="Marseul, S. A. 1857. Catalogue des coleopteres d'Europe. Paris. 200 p." type="book" year="1857">Marseul 1857: 79</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFD09F94930B3F943" author="Harold, E." box="[673,905,1762,1786]" page="1014" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1869">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFD09F94930B3F943" author="Harold, E." box="[673,905,1762,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="979 - 1346" refId="ref15289" refString="Harold, E. 1869. Familia XXXIII. Scarabaeidae. In: M. Gemminger, and E. Harold. Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. E. H. Gummi 4: 979 - 1346." type="journal article" year="1869">Harold 1869: 1014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFC3FF9493754F943" author="Reitter, E." box="[919,1134,1762,1786]" page="216" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFC3FF9493754F943" author="Reitter, E." box="[919,1134,1762,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref17196" refString="Reitter, E. 1892. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Lucaniden und coprophagen Lamellicornen. XXIV. Heft (Sonderabdruck aus dem XXX. Bande der Verhandlungen des naturforscheden Vereins in Brunn). Verlag des Verfassers; Brunn. 230 p." type="book" year="1892">Reitter 1892: 216</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(footnote);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFB54F9493285F8A3" author="Mollandin de Boissy, R." page="113" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFB54F9493285F8A3" author="Mollandin de Boissy, R." pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="110 - 113" refId="ref16463" refString="Mollandin de Boissy, R. 1905. Description d'un Copris Geoffroy nouveau d'Algerie (Col.). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France: 110 - 113." type="book chapter" year="1905">Mollandin de Boissy 1905: 113</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFE63F8A9319BF8A3" author="Reitter, E." box="[459,673,1794,1818]" page="730" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1906">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFE63F8A9319BF8A3" author="Reitter, E." box="[459,673,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="714 - 750" refId="ref17237" refString="Reitter, E. 1906. Scarabaeidae. p. 714 - 750. In: L. Heyden, E. Reitter, and J. Weise. Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae Rossicae. Edmund Reitter; Berlin-Paskau-Caen 2. 774 p." type="book chapter" year="1906">Reitter 1906: 730</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFD05F8A93059F8A3" author="Gillet, J. J. - E." box="[685,867,1794,1818]" page="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFD05F8A93059F8A3" author="Gillet, J. J. - E." box="[685,867,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref15121" refString="Gillet, J. J. - E. 1910. Especes nouvelles du genre Copris et releve synonymique des especes decrites a ce jour. Notes from the Leyden Museum 32 (1): 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1910">Gillet 1910: 20</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFCC7F8A9371FF8A3" author="Gillet, J. J. - E." box="[879,1061,1794,1818]" page="72" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFCC7F8A9371FF8A3" author="Gillet, J. J. - E." box="[879,1061,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15161" refString="Gillet, J. J. - E. 1911. Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Pars 38, Vol. 19 (2). In: S. Schenkling (ed.). Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk; Berlin. 100 p." type="book" year="1911">Gillet 1911: 72</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFB99F8A93628F8A3" author="Olsoufiev, G." box="[1073,1298,1794,1818]" page="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1918">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFB99F8A93628F8A3" author="Olsoufiev, G." box="[1073,1298,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref16773" refString="Olsoufiev, G. 1918. Les Coprophages de la Caucasie. Memoires du Musee du Caucase 7: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1918">Olsoufiev 1918: 39</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(key);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFACCF8A93294F883" author="Winkler, A." page="1027" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFACCF8A93294F883" author="Winkler, A." pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref17599" refString="Winkler, A. 1929. Catalogus Coleopterorum Regionis Palaearcticae (1924 - 1932). Scarabaeidae. p. 1009 - 1136. A. Winkler; Wien 9: 1698 p." type="book" year="1929">Winkler 1929: 1027</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFE11F889319AF883" author="Balthasar, V." box="[441,672,1825,1850]" page="69" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFE11F889319AF883" author="Balthasar, V." box="[441,672,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14082" refString="Balthasar, V. 1935. Scarabaeidae des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. Monographische Bestimmungstabelle. I. Coprinae I. Teil. Scarabaeini, Sisyphini, Panelini, Coprini, Onitini, Oniticellini. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren, Troppau 95. 112 p." type="book" year="1935">Balthasar 1935: 69</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(footnote);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFC80F8893726F883" author="Bogachev, A. V." box="[808,1052,1826,1850]" page="144" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFC80F8893726F883" author="Bogachev, A. V." box="[808,1052,1826,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="135 - 154" refId="ref14396" refString="Bogachev, A. V. 1938. Spisok vidov zhukov iz semeystv Tenebrionidae i Scarabaeidae. (Sobrany v Nakh. ASSR v 1933 g.). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Azerbaydzhanskoy Fil. Akademiy Nauk SSSR 8: 135 - 154." type="journal article" year="1938">Bogachev 1938: 144</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFB8EF8893625F880" author="Balthasar, V." box="[1062,1311,1825,1850]" page="335" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFB8EF8893625F880" author="Balthasar, V." box="[1062,1311,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14126" refString="Balthasar, V. 1963. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 1. 1. Scarabaeinae. 2. Coprinae. Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Prag. 391 p." type="book" year="1963">Balthasar 1963: 335</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1967: 124;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFDACF8E931DEF8E0" author="Baraud, J." box="[516,740,1857,1882]" page="325" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFDACF8E931DEF8E0" author="Baraud, J." box="[516,740,1857,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14270" refString="Baraud, J. 1992. Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France et regions limitrophes. 78. Federation francaise des Societes de Sciences naturelles and Societe linneenne de Lyon; Paris-Lyon. ix + 856 p., 11 pls." type="book" year="1992">Baraud 1992: 325</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFD59F8E93704F8E3" author="Carpaneto, G. M. & E. Piattella & R. Pittino" box="[753,1086,1858,1882]" page="230" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFD59F8E93704F8E3" author="Carpaneto, G. M. & E. Piattella & R. Pittino" box="[753,1086,1858,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="217 - 240" refId="ref14715" refString="Carpaneto, G. M., E. Piattella, and R. Pittino. 2000. The scarab beetles of Turkey: an updated checklist and chorotype analysis (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Biogeographia 21: 217 - 240." type="journal article" year="2000">Carpaneto et al. 2000: 230</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFBE4F8E9361CF8E0" author="Tauzin, P." box="[1100,1318,1857,1882]" page="115" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFBE4F8E9361CF8E0" author="Tauzin, P." box="[1100,1318,1857,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref17524" refString="Tauzin, P. 2001. Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea de Turquie: deuxieme note. Le Coleopteriste 42: 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2001">Tauzin 2001: 115</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFA9BF8E93266F8C0" author="Kabakov, O. N." page="95" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFA9BF8E93266F8C0" author="Kabakov, O. N." pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15548" refString="Kabakov, O. N. 2006. Plastinchatousye zhuki podsemeystva Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) fauny Rossii i sopredelnykh stran. - Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK; Moskva. 374 p." type="book" year="2006">Kabakov 2006: 95</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFEC3F8C93155F8C0" author="Lobl, I. & F. - T. Krell & D. Kral" box="[363,623,1889,1914]" page="152" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFEC3F8C93155F8C0" author="Lobl, I. & F. - T. Krell & D. Kral" box="[363,623,1889,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref15923" refString="Lobl, I., F. - T. Krell, and D. Kral. 2006. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Scarabaeinae, tribe Coprini. p. 151 - 154. In: O. Lobl, and A. Smetana (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books; Stenstrup. 690 p." type="book chapter" year="2006">Löbl et al. 2006: 152</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFDD5F8C93093F8C3" author="Nadai, L. & K. Vig" box="[637,937,1890,1914]" page="98" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFDD5F8C93093F8C3" author="Nadai, L. & K. Vig" box="[637,937,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="81 - 122" refId="ref16659" refString="Nadai, L., and K. Vig. 2006. A Savaria Muzeum Lemezescsapu Bogarai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Praenorica-Folia Historico-Naturalia 9: 81 - 122." type="journal article" year="2006">Nádai and Vig 2006: 98</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8EFC1FF8C93799F8C3" author="Shokhin, I. V." box="[951,1187,1890,1914]" page="120" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8EFC1FF8C93799F8C3" author="Shokhin, I. V." box="[951,1187,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="105 - 185" refId="ref17429" refString="Shokhin, I. V. 2007. Contribution to the fauna of lamellicorn beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of Southern Russia, with some nomenclatural changes in the family Scarabaeidae. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 3 (2): 105 - 185." type="journal article" year="2007">Shokhin 2007: 120</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802DFF8FFB19F8C93261FF63" author="Rozner, I. & G. Rozner" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" page="80" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802DFF8FFB19F8C93261FF63" author="Rozner, I. & G. Rozner" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="69 - 100" refId="ref17284" refString="Rozner, I., and G. Rozner. 2009. Additional data to the Lamellicornia Fauna of Turkey (Coleoptera: Lamellicornia). Natura Somogyiensis 15: 69 - 100." type="journal article" year="2009">Rozner and Rozner 2009: 80</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802CFF8FFEC0FF693058FF60" author="Marchisio, R. & M. Zunino" box="[360,866,193,218]" page="144" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFEC0FF693058FF60" author="Marchisio, R. & M. Zunino" box="[360,866,193,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16188" refString="Marchisio, R., and M. Zunino. 2012. Il genere Copris Muller. Tassonomia, filogenesi e note di zoogeografia. WBA Monographs 2; Verona. 176 p." type="book" year="2012">Marchisio and Zunino 2012: 144 and 155</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(footnotes);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802CFF8FFC53FF693626FF60" author="Shokhin, I. V. & G. M. Abdurakhmanov & D. I. Oleynik" box="[1019,1308,193,218]" page="67" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFC53FF693626FF60" author="Shokhin, I. V. & G. M. Abdurakhmanov & D. I. Oleynik" box="[1019,1308,193,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref17474" refString="Shokhin, I. V., G. M. Abdurakhmanov, and D. I. Oleynik. 2012. Plastinchatousye zhuki (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidae [sic!]) Respubliki Dagestan (fauna, ekologiya, zoogeografiya). Eko-Press; Makhachkala. 122 p." type="book" year="2012">Shokhin et al. 2012: 67</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802CFF8FFA81FF69328DFF40" author="Ziani, S. & G. Sama" page="461" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFA81FF69328DFF40" author="Ziani, S. & G. Sama" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="458 - 465" refId="ref17706" refString="Ziani, S., and G. Sama. 2013. Chorological data on some Geotrupidae, Aphodiidae and Scarabaeidae species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) collected during some field-trips in Turkey. Munis Entomology & Zoology 8 (1): 458 - 465." type="journal article" year="2013">Ziani and Sama 2013: 461</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51B11802CFF8FFE6BFF49302EFF40" author="Kral, D. & A. Bezdek" box="[451,788,225,250]" page="168" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFE6BFF49302EFF40" author="Kral, D. & A. Bezdek" box="[451,788,225,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref15730" refString="Kral, D., and A. Bezdek. 2016. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Scarabaeinae, tribe Coprini. p. 167 - 170. In: I. Lobl, and D. Lobl (eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Revised and Updated Edition. Brill; Leiden-Boston. 983 p." type="book chapter" year="2016">Král and Bezděk 2016: 168</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6E8B802CFF8FFF68FE8931E5FEC3" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF68FE893099FE83" blockId="5.[192,931,289,314]" box="[192,931,289,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFF68FE89324EFE80" bold="true" box="[192,372,289,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802CFF8FFF68FE89323FFE83" box="[192,261,290,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Probably
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637D90802CFF8FFE50FE89315EFE83" box="[504,612,290,314]" name="Armenia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see “Historical Review”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF68FEC931E5FEC3" blockId="5.[192,735,353,378]" box="[192,735,353,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFF68FEC932B8FEC0" bold="true" box="[192,386,353,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802CFF8FFF68FEC9323FFEC3" box="[192,261,354,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Not found (see “Remarks”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6E8B802CFF8FFF68FE0A3111FE63" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF68FE0A3111FE63" blockId="5.[192,1440,417,474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFF68FE0A3256FE00" bold="true" box="[192,364,417,441]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637D90802CFF8FFED4FE0932D1FE03" box="[380,491,418,442]" name="Armenia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637D90802CFF8FFE50FE09316EFE03" box="[504,596,418,442]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637D90802CFF8FFDC9FE0931ADFE00" box="[609,663,418,441]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFD00FE0930F3FE00" author="Kral, D. & A. Bezdek" box="[680,969,417,442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref15730" refString="Kral, D., and A. Bezdek. 2016. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Scarabaeinae, tribe Coprini. p. 167 - 170. In: I. Lobl, and D. Lobl (eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Revised and Updated Edition. Brill; Leiden-Boston. 983 p." type="book chapter" year="2016">Král and Bezděk, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637D90802CFF8FFC76FE09375EFE03" box="[990,1124,418,442]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFBDDFE093610FE00" author="Kabakov, O. N." box="[1141,1322,417,442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15548" refString="Kabakov, O. N. 2006. Plastinchatousye zhuki podsemeystva Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) fauny Rossii i sopredelnykh stran. - Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK; Moskva. 374 p." type="book" year="2006">Kabakov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637D90802CFF8FFA97FE09369AFE03" box="[1343,1440,418,442]" name="Georgia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFF60FE693125FE63" author="Marchisio, R. & M. Zunino" box="[200,543,450,474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16188" refString="Marchisio, R., and M. Zunino. 2012. Il genere Copris Muller. Tassonomia, filogenesi e note di zoogeografia. WBA Monographs 2; Verona. 176 p." type="book" year="2012">Marchisio and Zunino 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6E8B802CFF8FFF68FDA93001FCEE" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF68FDA930AAFD03" blockId="5.[192,1440,514,794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFF68FDA9327EFDA3" bold="true" box="[192,324,514,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
I have not been able to trace the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802CFF8FFD45FDA93018FDA3" box="[749,802,514,538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFC15FDA9379CFDA0" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[957,1190,514,537]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFC15FDA9379CFDA0" box="[957,1190,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Copris armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is not in MNHN (teste Antoine Mantilleri), ZIN (teste Andrey Frolov), ZMUM (teste Aleksey Gusakov), or in other important European museums such as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F3E2802CFF8FFD2FFDE931EDFDE3" box="[647,727,578,602]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F3E2802CFF8FFD4CFDE93066FDE3" box="[740,860,578,602]" country="Hungary" name="Budapest" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Budapest</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Dresden, Frankfurt, London, Munich, Oxford,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F3E2802CFF8FFF68FDC93222FDC3" box="[192,280,610,634]" country="Czech Republic" name="Praha" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Prague</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B0F3E2802CFF8FFEFDFDC932FAFDC0" box="[341,448,610,633]" country="Armenia" name="Yerevan" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Yerevan</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFE63FDC931B8FDC3" author="Schaum, H." box="[459,642,610,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="241 - 295" refId="ref17393" refString="Schaum, H. 1849. Observations critiques sur la famille des Lamellicornes melitophiles (2 e Partie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (2) 7: 241 - 295." type="journal article" year="1849">Schaum (1849)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed to have received all the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802CFF8FFBBDFDC93770FDC3" box="[1045,1098,610,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of Faldermann’s collection from Choudoir, but he was probably referring to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFC6EFD293776FD23" box="[966,1100,642,666]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cetoniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The location of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802CFF8FFF68FD09323EFD03" box="[192,260,674,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, particularly that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFDABFD0931D0FD00" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[515,746,674,697]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFDABFD0931D0FD00" box="[515,746,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Copris armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF58FD6932EAFCA0" blockId="5.[192,1440,514,794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Therefore, all the systematic considerations regarding this species are necessarily deduced only from Faldermann’s original description that follows, and on the assertions of the authors who have dealt with the matter.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF4CFCE93001FCEE" blockId="5.[228,1405,833,1818]" box="[228,827,833,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFF4CFCE932EFFCE0" author="Faldermann, F." box="[228,469,833,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 310" refId="ref15063" refString="Faldermann, F. 1835. Addimenta entomologica ad faunam rossicam in itineribus Jussu Imperatoris Augustissimi annis 1827 - 1831 a Cl. Menetries et Szovitz susceptis collecta, in lucem edita. Coleoptera Persica-Armeniaca. Noveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 4 (2): 1 - 310, 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1835">Faldermann (1835)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: “221.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFD8EFCE93001FCEE" authority="Armeniaca MIHI" authorityName="Armeniaca MIHI" box="[550,827,834,858]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Copris
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFDD6FCE9303EFCE0" box="[638,772,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Armeniaca</emphasis>
|
||
MIHI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6E8B802CFF8FFF4CFCC937DFFC20" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF4CFCC937DFFC20" blockId="5.[228,1405,833,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFF4CFCC937DFFC20" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFF4CFCC932A9FCC3" authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1962" box="[228,403,866,890]" class="Malacostraca" genus="Subcylindrica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Subcylindrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nigra; clypeo antice semicirculariter rotundato, profunde sed anguste emarginato, vertice subcornuto; thorace crebre et rude punctato; elytris profunde crenato-striatis.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6E8B802CFF8FFF4CFC093138FC03" box="[228,514,930,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF4CFC093138FC03" blockId="5.[228,1405,833,1818]" box="[228,514,930,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Longit. 7 lin. Lat. 4 lin.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6E8B802CFF8FFF4CFC6937C4F8A3" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF4CFC6931D0FBA3" blockId="5.[228,1405,833,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Statura
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFEE2FC693100FC60" box="[330,570,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Copridi emarginate</emphasis>
|
||
Fabr. affinis, sed duplo minor, et plerumque magis cylindrica; magnum quidem habet similitudinem cum
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFD65FC49309FFC43" box="[717,933,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Copride sulcicolli</emphasis>
|
||
Dalm. ex Insula Java, paullo tantum minor, elytrisque minus profunde striatis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF4CFB893717FAE3" blockId="5.[228,1405,833,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Clypeus magnus, semicircularis, anguste tamen profunde emarginatus, obsolete punctatus, in medio cornu brevi, erecto, obtuso; margine praesertim antico admodum reflexus; subtus rufo-pilosus; oculis griseis, antennis rufis. Thorax brevissimus, basi rotundatus, margine incrassatus, reflexus, angulis rotundatis; lateribus nonnihil rotundatis, reflexis; apice profunde et late emarginatus, ibique angulis latis, valde productis, obtusis, rufo-ciliatis; supra convexus, punctis numerosis, profundis; disco longitudinaliter late canaliculatus, antice in medio tuberculo brevi transversaliter parum elevato; foveola profunda, rotundata, latera versus utrinque; apice et lateribus antice rufociliatus. Elytra basi thoracis vix angustiora, in medio nonnihil dilatata, apice obtuse rotundata; supra valde convexa, regulariter profunde crenato-striata, interstitiis laevissimis, parum elevatis. Corpus subtus piceum, rude punctatum, cum pedibus rufo-pilosum.”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8FFF4CFAC937C4F8A3" blockId="5.[228,1405,833,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
[221.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFE8DFAC9324FFAC3" box="[293,373,1378,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Copris</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFED3FAC93102FAC0" authority="MIHI." authorityName="MIHI." box="[379,568,1378,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFED3FAC932C6FAC0" box="[379,508,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">armeniaca</emphasis>
|
||
MIHI.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sub-cylindrical, black. Clypeus round anteriorly, clearly even if finely emarginated, vertex sub-horned; prothorax densely deeply punctate; elytra deeply crenate-striate. [length and width: see below]. Length one-half that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFC39FA0937E8FA03" authority="Fabr." authorityName="Fabr." box="[913,1234,1442,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFC39FA0937BCFA00" box="[913,1158,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Copris emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
Fabr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, besides, more cylindrical; it is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFD0CFA6930FFFA63" authority="Dalm." authorityName="Dalm." box="[676,965,1474,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFD0CFA693049FA63" box="[676,883,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Copris sulcicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Dalm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java Island, only a bit smaller and with elytra less deeply striate. Clypeus wide, semicircular, with a narrow but deep emargination, shallowly punctate, with a short erect and blunt horn at middle; particularly the edge reflexed anteriorly; ventral pubescence red; eyes yellowish grey, antennae red. Prothorax very short, rounded basally, with edge thicker and reflexed, angles round; sides slightly round and reflexed; apex deep and widely emarginated, and angles broad, very visible, blunt, with red hairs; convex dorsally, densely and deeply punctate; disc usually with a longitudinal furrow, anteriorly with a slightly transverse and elevated tubercle at middle; furrow deep, rounded toward both sides; apically and anteriorly at sides with red hairs. Elytra slightly narrower than pronotal base, broader at middle and rounded apically; very convex, usually deeply crenate-striate, interstriae very smooth, scarcely raised. Black ventrally, roughly punctate, legs with red hairs.”]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E6E8B802CFF8CFF58F8E9361DF883" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802CFF8CFF58F8E937DDFF43" blockId="5.[192,1440,1857,1914]" lastBlockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
As noticed to some extent by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFDF0F8E9303DF8E3" author="Reitter, E." box="[600,775,1858,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref17196" refString="Reitter, E. 1892. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Lucaniden und coprophagen Lamellicornen. XXIV. Heft (Sonderabdruck aus dem XXX. Bande der Verhandlungen des naturforscheden Vereins in Brunn). Verlag des Verfassers; Brunn. 230 p." type="book" year="1892">Reitter (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and explicitly by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFC4FF8E9378BF8E0" author="Balthasar, V." box="[999,1201,1857,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14082" refString="Balthasar, V. 1935. Scarabaeidae des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. Monographische Bestimmungstabelle. I. Coprinae I. Teil. Scarabaeini, Sisyphini, Panelini, Coprini, Onitini, Oniticellini. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren, Troppau 95. 112 p." type="book" year="1935">Balthasar (1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802CFF8FFB15F8EA37C1F8E0" author="Balthasar, V." box="[1213,1275,1857,1881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14126" refString="Balthasar, V. 1963. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 1. 1. Scarabaeinae. 2. Coprinae. Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Prag. 391 p." type="book" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802CFF8FFEC3F8C93121F8C0" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[363,539,1890,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802CFF8FFEC3F8C93121F8C0" box="[363,539,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not give information on the real identity of the species. In particular, Faldermann failed to specify the number of specimens on which he based the description, its (their) sex, and the most meaningful character, i.e. the presence of only three foretibial teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58FEA9307AFD40" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
There are also other uncertain aspects of the description. Faldermann specified that the new species was “7 lines” long and “4 lines” wide. Unfortunately, the line was a unit of length equivalent to 1/10, 1/12, 1/16 or 1/40 of an inch depending on the country; therefore we cannot know the size used by Faldermann. He only specified that his new species was half as long as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB9EFEC933C1FE23" authority="Fabricius, 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB9EFEC93626FEC0" box="[1078,1308,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1801
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFE8FFE2931F1FE23" authority="Olivier, 1789" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[295,715,386,410]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFE8FFE293126FE20" box="[295,540,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
Olivier, 1789
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], presently a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFBC8FE293232FE00" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFBC8FE293629FE23" box="[1120,1299,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris lunaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFE1DFE093153FE03" author="Baraud, J." box="[437,617,418,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref14270" refString="Baraud, J. 1992. Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France et regions limitrophes. 78. Federation francaise des Societes de Sciences naturelles and Societe linneenne de Lyon; Paris-Lyon. ix + 856 p., 11 pls." type="book" year="1992">Baraud (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFDDEFE0931CBFE03" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[630,753,418,442]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDDEFE0931CBFE03" box="[630,753,418,442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. lunaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C90E5802FFF8CFCBEFE0A30ADFE00" box="[790,919,417,441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. I know of specimens up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C90E5802FFF8CFA83FE0A3645FE00" box="[1323,1407,417,441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Hence, the length of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFD8AFE6931EEFE60" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[546,724,450,473]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFD8AFE6931EEFE60" box="[546,724,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C90E5802FFF8CFCF4FE6A30C4FE60" box="[860,1022,449,473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="7.5">7,5–12,5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, a small size indeed. Faldermann also compared his new species to “
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDCCFE493007FE43" box="[612,829,482,506]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copride sulcicolle</emphasis>
|
||
Dalm. ex Insula Java”, but I am not aware of any species described by Dalman as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFDE1FDA93023FDA3" box="[585,793,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDE1FDA93023FDA3" box="[585,793,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris sulcicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For all I know,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFC4AFDA937DDFDA3" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" box="[994,1255,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFC4AFDA93747FDA3" box="[994,1149,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. sulcicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was listed as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFEE7FD893177FD83" authority="Dejean" authorityName="Dejean" box="[335,589,546,570]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFEE7FD8932CBFD83" box="[335,497,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris indica</emphasis>
|
||
Dejean
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFDF2FD8931CEFD83" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[602,756,546,570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref14831" refString="Dejean, P. F. M. A. 1833. Catalogue de Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Mequignon- Marvis Pere et Fils; Paris. 443 p." type="book" year="1833">Dejean 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFD56FD8A3007FD80" author="Dejean, P. F. M. A." box="[766,829,545,569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref14867" refString="Dejean, P. F. M. A. 1836. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Troisieme edition. Revue, corrigee et augmentee. Fascicles 1 - 4. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils; Paris. 384 p." type="book" year="1836">1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFC27FD8937FEFD83" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" box="[911,1220,546,570]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFC27FD893767FD83" box="[911,1117,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris sulcicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB56FD89322CFDE3" authority="Dejean" authorityName="Dejean" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB56FD89369AFD83" box="[1278,1440,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris indica</emphasis>
|
||
Dejean
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are probably
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFE69FDE9315CFDE3" box="[449,614,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">nomina nuda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFDDDFDE93070FDE0" author="Lansberge, J. W." box="[629,842,577,602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref15898" refString="Lansberge, J. W. van. 1886. Les Coprides de la Malaisie. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 29: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1886">Lansberge (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFC4CFDE93787FDE3" box="[996,1213,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFC4CFDE93782FDE3" box="[996,1208,578,602]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcicollis">Copris sulcicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
presently a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFEFBFDC93164FDC3" authority="Hope, 1842" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[339,606,610,634]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFEFBFDC932F1FDC0" box="[339,459,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. sinicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFE7AFDC93164FDC3" author="Hope, F. W." box="[466,606,610,634]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref15330" refString="Hope, F. W. 1842. Descriptions of the coleopterous insects sent to England by Dr. Cantor from Chusan and Canton, with observations on the entomology of China. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1841: 59 - 64." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Sunda Islands and Malay Peninsula, stating that the species was known, probably
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDAAFD29314EFD23" box="[514,628,642,666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">in litteris</emphasis>
|
||
and by the same name, for a long time. Hence it could also be the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFF68FD0932C7FD03" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" box="[192,509,674,698]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFF68FD0932ABFD03" box="[192,401,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris sulcicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cited by Faldermann. In any case, from the descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB77FD093640FD03" box="[1247,1402,674,698]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB77FD093640FD03" box="[1247,1402,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. sulcicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFF68FD6932A2FD60" author="Lansberge, J. W." box="[192,408,705,730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref15898" refString="Lansberge, J. W. van. 1886. Les Coprides de la Malaisie. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 29: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1886">Lansberge (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFE71FD69316AFD60" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[473,592,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFE71FD69316AFD60" box="[473,592,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. sinicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFDD3FD693029FD63" author="Hope, F. W." box="[635,787,706,730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref15330" refString="Hope, F. W. 1842. Descriptions of the coleopterous insects sent to England by Dr. Cantor from Chusan and Canton, with observations on the entomology of China. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1841: 59 - 64." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is not possible to make any possible morphological connection between that species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFD20FD493003FD40" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[648,825,738,761]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFD20FD493003FD40" box="[648,825,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58FCA93783FC20" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFF58FCA932A5FCA3" author="Reitter, E." box="[240,415,770,794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref17196" refString="Reitter, E. 1892. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Lucaniden und coprophagen Lamellicornen. XXIV. Heft (Sonderabdruck aus dem XXX. Bande der Verhandlungen des naturforscheden Vereins in Brunn). Verlag des Verfassers; Brunn. 230 p." type="book" year="1892">Reitter (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a footnote on page 95, asserted that, from the original description,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFAA8FCA9322AFC80" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFAA8FCA9322AFC80" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was definitely different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFDD9FC8930A8FC83" authority="Reitter, 1892" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1892" box="[625,914,802,826]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDD9FC8931D1FC83" box="[625,747,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. felschei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFD58FC8930A8FC83" author="Reitter, E." box="[752,914,802,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref17196" refString="Reitter, E. 1892. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Lucaniden und coprophagen Lamellicornen. XXIV. Heft (Sonderabdruck aus dem XXX. Bande der Verhandlungen des naturforscheden Vereins in Brunn). Verlag des Verfassers; Brunn. 230 p." type="book" year="1892">Reitter, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Faldermann’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB5AFC89369AFC80" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[1266,1440,802,825]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB5AFC89369AFC80" box="[1266,1440,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not convince
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFE3AFCE9315DFCE0" author="Balthasar, V." box="[402,615,833,858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref14082" refString="Balthasar, V. 1935. Scarabaeidae des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. Monographische Bestimmungstabelle. I. Coprinae I. Teil. Scarabaeini, Sisyphini, Panelini, Coprini, Onitini, Oniticellini. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren, Troppau 95. 112 p." type="book" year="1935">Balthasar (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. He wrote that such a description did not give real information on the species, and later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFE7CFCC931A8FCC0" author="Balthasar, V." box="[468,658,865,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref14126" refString="Balthasar, V. 1963. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 1. 1. Scarabaeinae. 2. Coprinae. Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Prag. 391 p." type="book" year="1963">Balthasar 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) stated that it was not possible to find a single statement in the description supporting the separation of the specimen from a small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFBA9FC29378BFC23" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1025,1201,898,922]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFBA9FC29378BFC23" box="[1025,1201,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris lunaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF68FC093225FC43" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFF68FC0932B9FC00" author="Kabakov, O. N." box="[192,387,929,954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref15548" refString="Kabakov, O. N. 2006. Plastinchatousye zhuki podsemeystva Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) fauny Rossii i sopredelnykh stran. - Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK; Moskva. 374 p." type="book" year="2006">Kabakov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although he accepted the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFCCEFC09372CFC00" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[870,1046,930,953]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFCCEFC09372CFC00" box="[870,1046,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFBFAFC0937F7FC03" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1892" box="[1106,1229,930,954]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFBFAFC0937F7FC03" box="[1106,1229,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. felschei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pointed out that he had examined an insufficient number of specimens (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D72F689802FFF8CFCC3FC6930F0FC63" box="[875,970,962,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
) to have a clear taxonomic idea of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58FBA9308DFAC0" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Nevertheless, the two species are currently considered synonyms. In my opinion this is a clear case of “copy and paste” synonymy. Iablokov-Khnzorian (1967), on the basis of a justification insignificant from a systematic point of view – the improbability of the presence of two closely related species of the same genus, endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3637D90802FFF8CFE4DFBC9316BFBC3" box="[485,593,1122,1146]" name="Armenia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
– confirmed the synonymy between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFBAEFBC9378FFBC0" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[1030,1205,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFBAEFBC9378FFBC0" box="[1030,1205,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB47FBC93653FBC3" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1892" box="[1263,1385,1122,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB47FBC93653FBC3" box="[1263,1385,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. felschei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without a real nomenclatural act, only citing
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFD7FFB2930A7FB23" author="Olsoufiev, G." box="[727,925,1154,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref16773" refString="Olsoufiev, G. 1918. Les Coprophages de la Caucasie. Memoires du Musee du Caucase 7: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1918">Olsoufiev (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This latter author, without seeing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802FFF8CFAC3FB29369AFB23" box="[1387,1440,1154,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, assumed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFE40FB09315EFB03" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1892" box="[488,612,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFE40FB09315EFB03" box="[488,612,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. felschei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could perhaps be the species called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB8AFB0937E9FB00" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[1058,1235,1186,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB8AFB0937E9FB00" box="[1058,1235,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Faldermann, but only if Reitter’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFDC9FB6931E7FB63" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1892" box="[609,733,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDC9FB6931E7FB63" box="[609,733,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. felschei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
referred to a damaged specimen. All this is not enough to have a systematic concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFDB1FB4931FDFB40" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[537,711,1250,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDB1FB4931FDFB40" box="[537,711,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and therefore to establish a plausible synonymy. Supposing that the species really belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFD7DFAA9301FFAA0" box="[725,805,1282,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFD7DFAA9301FFAA0" box="[725,805,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in my opinion it is not possible to ascertain or even hypothesize whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFE6FFA893142FA80" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[455,632,1314,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFE6FFA893142FA80" box="[455,632,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is indeed a good species, senior synoynym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB0EFA893618FA83" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1892" box="[1190,1314,1314,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB0EFA893618FA83" box="[1190,1314,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. felschei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or rather a junior synonym of one of the other two species recorded from the Caucasus, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB0AFAE932D0FAC3" authority="(Petagna, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Petagna" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hispanus" subSpecies="cavolini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB0AFAE93650FAE3" box="[1186,1386,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris hispanus</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFF68FAC9321BFAC3" box="[192,289,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">cavolini</emphasis>
|
||
(Petagna, 1792)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFD80FAC93089FAC0" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[552,947,1377,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFD80FAC931E2FAC3" box="[552,728,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris lunaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58FA293678FA20" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" box="[240,1346,1410,1434]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">In summation, this synonymy is objectively impossible to accept for the following reasons:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58FA093774FA03" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" box="[240,1102,1442,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
- The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802FFF8CFE9FFA093256FA03" box="[311,364,1442,1466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFDABFA09318EFA00" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[515,692,1442,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDABFA09318EFA00" box="[515,692,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is untraceable and probably lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58FA693083FA63" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" box="[240,953,1474,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
- No author is known to have examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802FFF8CFCA3FA69307AFA63" box="[779,832,1474,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58FA493725F9A3" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
- The original description does not enable an understanding of what species Faldermann had before him, and therefore does not allow for designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802FFF8CFC1FF9A93721F9A3" box="[951,1051,1538,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58F989310FF9E3" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
- The original description does not specify the sex, the number and the exact
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF83A2802FFF8CFB0AF98937EDF983" box="[1186,1239,1570,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the specimen(s) described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58F9C93792F920" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
- Neither
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFECFF9C93114F9C3" author="Olsoufiev, G." box="[359,558,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref16773" refString="Olsoufiev, G. 1918. Les Coprophages de la Caucasie. Memoires du Musee du Caucase 7: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1918">Olsoufiev (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor Iablokov-Khnzorian (1967) ever justified, in a convincing and legiti mate way, the reasons for the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFC9EF92930DDF920" authorityName=": Marseul" authorityYear="1857" box="[822,999,1666,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFC9EF92930DDF920" box="[822,999,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFB8DF929379BF923" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1892" box="[1061,1185,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFB8DF929379BF923" box="[1061,1185,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">C. felschei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58F9093245F963" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
- Authors such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFE66F90931ADF900" author="Balthasar, V." box="[462,663,1697,1722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref14082" refString="Balthasar, V. 1935. Scarabaeidae des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. Monographische Bestimmungstabelle. I. Coprinae I. Teil. Scarabaeini, Sisyphini, Panelini, Coprini, Onitini, Oniticellini. Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren, Troppau 95. 112 p." type="book" year="1935">Balthasar (1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFD0CF90A31DAF900" author="Balthasar, V." box="[676,736,1697,1721]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref14126" refString="Balthasar, V. 1963. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 1. 1. Scarabaeinae. 2. Coprinae. Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Prag. 391 p." type="book" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have expressed strong doubts about the validity of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB3D00802FFF8CFF58F949361DF883" blockId="6.[192,1441,194,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744683802FFF8CFF58F9493180F940" authority="Faldermann, 1835" authorityName="Faldermann" authorityYear="1835" box="[240,698,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armeniacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFF58F94932E9F940" box="[240,467,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Copris armeniacus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE540F1802FFF8CFE70F9493180F940" author="Faldermann, F." box="[472,698,1761,1786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 310" refId="ref15063" refString="Faldermann, F. 1835. Addimenta entomologica ad faunam rossicam in itineribus Jussu Imperatoris Augustissimi annis 1827 - 1831 a Cl. Menetries et Szovitz susceptis collecta, in lucem edita. Coleoptera Persica-Armeniaca. Noveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 4 (2): 1 - 310, 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1835">Faldermann, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species of doubtful identity and status that requires further investigation, is here deemed a
|
||
<emphasis id="B900E112802FFF8CFDE8F8A93019F8A3" box="[576,803,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">species inquirenda</emphasis>
|
||
. All the records reported in the literature under this name should be associated with the name of the following species, herein regarded as valid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |