180 lines
30 KiB
XML
180 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="67CC1D6B510E48EDD3BBF53183BA9B1E" ID-CLB-Dataset="22147" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa006" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c2ad151-a6e0-4c1b-be84-d1950abe22dd" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3826921" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589464781686" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Carpenter, James M. & Kimsey, Lynn" docDate="2020" docId="514381547E5FFF9BFCBD132C3E2AF866" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.4.3.2.1-27.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Vespa Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="AD7AF92C7E5EFF99FF8F16743F73FFC9" masterDocTitle="The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698839653073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DAD4A69F0F1C416BF1300D5C45C43711">
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<mods:title id="CEBF8F84DA90471ADD2C576DC6005AD9">The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7CC48ED09E1625EB13ADCBC9C72AD617" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6C3C7E2ABB1740EA5F9F2CA35083DFA7">Smith-Pardo, Allan H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1C5483A206871283FC531D36648FAA49">USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Science and Technology (S & T), Sacramento, CA,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="84326824CAF576C99C1DFD3D5B8F19FC" type="email">allan.h.smith-pardo@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EAB84B55337B18D8830A5E38DAA5FFC6">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C81230D752CBCD44068838182FC56F70">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="849F581ACAE168010E794207300186EC">Kimsey, Lynn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="64E951345DA80C80A8B4C13FCAFEDF75">Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, and</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="80132464B4D065EA4CEA1C4D56D58A8E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="10A3616A00BCD3FDB3C69E0C73641580">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="68B2F81BD42A44B70C23D269AFB8FCFF">
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<mods:date id="D8D1BB59997CE82D58B480268D8C8392">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FF08928586ADB2C51F5D6399FD54B87F">2020-05-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="514381547E5FFF9BFCBD132C3E2AF866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847040" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164133866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3847040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5FFF9BFCBD132C3E2AF866" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/514381547E5FFF9BFCBD132C3E2AF866" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5FFF98FCBD132C3B23FABB" box="[818,1104,1368,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D95530427E5FFF98FCBD132C3B23FABB" blockId="1.[818,1104,1368,1394]" box="[818,1104,1368,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="821D872E7E5FFF98FCBD132C3B23FABB" bold="true" box="[818,1104,1368,1394]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FCBD132C3B23FABB" bold="true" box="[818,1104,1368,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FC04132D3B23FABB" ID-CoL="86JM" ID-ENA="7443" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[907,1104,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FC04132D3CA4FABB" bold="true" box="[907,983,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5FFF98FCBD13F23CC9F9AF" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5FFF98FCBD13F23CC9F9AF" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<paragraph id="D95530427E5FFF98FCBD13F23AD7FA7F" blockId="1.[818,1444,1413,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5FFF98FCBD13F23B49FA50" box="[818,1082,1413,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FCBD13F23B49FA50" ID-CoL="86JM" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 343" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="343" authorityYear="1758" box="[818,1082,1413,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FCBD13F23C1BFA51" box="[818,872,1414,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BD7B4DB37E5FFF98FCFD13F13B49FA50" box="[882,1082,1413,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Linnaeus, 1758: 343</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5FFF98FBC813F23B00FA50" box="[1095,1139,1414,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species: ‘
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FB5E13F23A3FFA51" ID-CoL="5B9T3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1233,1356,1413,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crabro">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FB5E13F23A3FFA51" box="[1233,1356,1413,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa crabro</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fab’. (=
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FCC513D73B25FA7F" ID-CoL="5B9T3" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[842,1110,1443,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crabro">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FCC513D73CB3FA7F" box="[842,960,1443,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa crabro</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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); designated by Latreille, 1810: 438.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D95530427E5FFF98FCBD13B53B73F9C7" blockId="1.[818,1444,1413,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5FFF98FCBD13B53B09FA1A" box="[818,1146,1472,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FCBD13B53B09FA1A" authority="Dalla Torre, 1904: 64" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1904" box="[818,1146,1472,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Macrovespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FCBD13B53CD2FA1A" box="[818,929,1473,1491]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Macrovespa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BD7B4DB37E5FFF98FC2513B43B09FA1A" box="[938,1146,1472,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dalla Torre, 1904: 64</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FA8C13B53AEAFA1A" ID-CoL="86JM" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1283,1433,1472,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FA8C13B53A4AFA1A" box="[1283,1337,1473,1491]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5FFF98FCC513AA3C05FA38" box="[842,886,1502,1521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FC5A13AA3A71FA39" ID-CoL="5B9T3" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[981,1282,1501,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crabro">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FC5A13AA3B24FA39" box="[981,1111,1501,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa crabro</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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. Designated by Bequaert, 1930: 64.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D95530427E5FFF98FCBD106D3CC9F9AF" blockId="1.[818,1444,1413,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5FFF98FCBD106D3BFAF9E2" box="[818,1161,1560,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FCBD106D3BFAF9E2" authority="van der Vecht, 1959: 210" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1959" box="[818,1161,1560,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Nyctovespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FCBD106D3CEDF9E2" box="[818,926,1561,1579]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Nyctovespa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BD7B4DB37E5FFF98FC2C106D3BFAF9E2" box="[931,1161,1560,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">van der Vecht, 1959: 210</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FA88106D3AEAF9E2" ID-CoL="86JM" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1287,1433,1560,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FA88106D3A4EF9E2" box="[1287,1341,1561,1579]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5FFF98FCC510423C05F980" box="[842,886,1590,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FC5310423A35F981" ID-CoL="5B9RT" authority="du Buysson, 1905" authorityName="du Buysson" authorityYear="1905" box="[988,1350,1589,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binghami">
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<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FC5310423B09F981" box="[988,1146,1589,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa binghami</emphasis>
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du Buysson, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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, original designation.
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</paragraph>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5FFF9BFCBD10F93E2AF866" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D95530427E5FFF98FCBD10F93B4DF8A7" blockId="1.[818,1442,1677,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FCBD10F93CE1F969" bold="true" box="[818,914,1677,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FBAD10F93B00F969" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1058,1139,1677,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vespinae">Vespinae</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FCBD10DF3CF0F977" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[818,899,1707,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
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by the hind wings lacking an anal lobe (
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||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5FFF98FB7210DF3A4FF977" box="[1277,1340,1707,1726]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
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); forewing recurrent veins ending in the same submarginal cell (
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<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5FFF98FAAD10BC3A17F912" box="[1314,1380,1736,1755]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
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), marginal cell narrowly pointed along costal vein (not extending away from it) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5FFF98FC0911773CB5F8DF" box="[902,966,1795,1814]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
); pronotal lobe separated from tegula by a distance equal or less than its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5FFF98FBCD11543BF2F8FA" box="[1090,1153,1824,1843]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
|
||
); tarsal claws simple, not bifid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5FFF98FCB611493C0FF899" box="[825,892,1853,1872]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
), without parategula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5FFF98FBDD11493BE1F898" box="[1106,1170,1853,1873]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
), and metasoma sessile with first tergum truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5FFF98FC74112F3B42F8A7" box="[1019,1073,1883,1902]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig.1f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D95530427E5FFF9BFCDD110C3E2AF866" blockId="1.[818,1442,1677,1961]" lastBlockId="2.[146,770,1801,1967]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5FFF98FB9D110D3B3BF842" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1042,1096,1913,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5FFF98FB9D110D3B3BF842" box="[1042,1096,1913,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vespa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other vespine genera by having both the pronotal and the pretegular carinae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5CFF9BFF16117D3FA9F8D5" box="[153,218,1801,1820]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
), head vertex with the distance from the posterior ocellus to the posterior margin of vertex more than twice the distance between the posterior ocelli and the compound eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5CFF9BFDD111373DEDF89F" box="[606,670,1859,1878]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
), the basal metasomal segment is anteriorly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5CFF9BFDA811153D16F8BD" box="[551,613,1889,1908]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the length of the forewing prestigma is three times or more the length of the pterostigma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5CFF9BFE8311EF3E3FF867" box="[268,332,1947,1966]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |