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<document id="F29E268D0F68B42613BF6CDD87B6126B" ID-CLB-Dataset="22147" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa006" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c2ad151-a6e0-4c1b-be84-d1950abe22dd" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3826921" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589464781686" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Carpenter, James M. &amp; Kimsey, Lynn" docDate="2020" docId="514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.4.3.2.1-27.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Vespa affinis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="AD7AF92C7E5EFF99FF8F16743F73FFC9" masterDocTitle="The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698839653073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="2687173F07D502F4AFB5B2E67D3E1E78" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CE7533EEA295D5B378A2CB670DFA5518">
<mods:title id="7F881F8100A033E1C592D9B10137A9C1">The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DC79E0CA929492CF6B8ECA5771EB512F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5ACDD63C275F65BC60227221B8B40CFF">
<mods:roleTerm id="916EB7935B9F0EDE3CECC49672DAE2CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CB93E28879F91B6073A99F60C75FE868">Smith-Pardo, Allan H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3599C12AEC84383E07F9102AA3034F4B">USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Science and Technology (S &amp; T), Sacramento, CA,</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="52B298A07AB96824514F3EF0332F5756" type="email">allan.h.smith-pardo@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AB6C5770D29624AA5CD0B2F31F20D794" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CE7F0AA246CF3F9A04167CC4DDD59997">
<mods:roleTerm id="CE7379403F4B8B15B30EEC1A0E8ADA90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5FFA0615944789C32470DC5AE8D2E352">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9E135FB7EFCEAA6D118D4F14B08DCEC9">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="425BB72A5C77DC9EEF61FFD9994E44A1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D1172DBB5B849E3A5833D923ABF6242E">
<mods:roleTerm id="D1E5EACC37DDFC1CAE33B63B1095D9C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AF15D2C9CE83622AD8D0AA5B95CD5F00">Kimsey, Lynn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3F1B286BB070817BBBC7196D6E55B4F2">Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, and</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4CA87A05550305752C194B2AE44CFCD6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AB421C8E0F6B4B00B472C57F318732EF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="877F1E8D9CBCCF326FADA76AC301F4D5">
<mods:title id="AB350D2E6B87951B9D7271D2ED12AB13">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5F391E16313E54885A3527EE7D2BE3FE">
<mods:date id="6D9150CCFCA9DDEB10F5754CA51DAC20">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="881EE2C2B838C1C4D2969398734736A9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="01350151FA05F429BBB4FE916A1936AA">2020-05-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="54A5FD4512B8D758F738A0F6D0D4E022" type="volume">
<mods:number id="791663B387B9D270B925093C067BA61E">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="52D3484A88585BB3C25B615D77497165" type="issue">
<mods:number id="EA60BD5778D527F39B3F591ED430397E">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3A6AEE19616A030DB88CEE89D33AA008" type="numero">
<mods:number id="81F7903EEADAAF912ACD04860EBD6CB0">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2E4576F6FFB1B64B2D605685371B937A">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6881DB1E70302031F0CE6B9E64056501">27</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="9A5719483B0D7226BDCD12395E406721">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BE8A4BA05AB00F91E2586AF35B08116D" type="CLB-Dataset">22147</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="775DF2B0484C0A68043C60206B6477AB" type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixaa006</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7F3CB4B31F2EADD9514692CA6D9F3629" type="GBIF-Dataset">6c2ad151-a6e0-4c1b-be84-d1950abe22dd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="516CE39B2DC1723F5AD9EE67B2F0B1C3" type="ISSN">2399-3421</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A2E5E8E15B0BCCAE5CBDA16F409FA204" type="Zenodo-Dep">3826921</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847038" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164133868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3847038" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5DFF9AFCBD13443B4DFA8E" box="[818,1086,1328,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD13443B4DFA8E" blockId="3.[818,1091,1328,1382]" box="[818,1086,1328,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="821D872E7E5DFF9AFCBD13443B4DFA8E" box="[818,1086,1328,1351]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD13443B4DFA8E" ID-CoL="5B9QF" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[818,1086,1328,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD13443CB2FA8E" box="[818,961,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa affinis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5DFF9AFCBD13273B30FAAF" box="[818,1091,1363,1382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD13273B30FAAF" blockId="3.[818,1091,1328,1382]" box="[818,1091,1363,1382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5DFF9AFCBD13273C09FAAF" box="[818,890,1363,1382]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5DFF9AFC0A13273C84FAAF" box="[901,1015,1363,1382]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[146,181,1785,1802]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,148,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1402,147,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 9–12. Vespa morphology. (a, b) Dorsal view of metasoma. (c, d) Dorsal view of basal metasomal terga. Fig. 10. (a, b) Dorsal view of scutum. (c, d) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 11. (a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 12. (a, b) Front view of clypeus.(c-f) Dorsal view of metanotum. Figs. 9a, 9b,V. orientalis. Figs. 9c, 10b, d, V. affinis. Fig. 9d, V. crabro. Figs. 10a, 10c, 11b, 11c, V. mocsaryana. Fig. 11a, V. fumida. Fig. 11d. V. dybowskii. Figs. 12a, 12f, V. multimaculata. Figs. 12b, d, e, V. bicolor. Fig. 12c, V. luctuosa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826927/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">9c, 10b, 10d</figureCitation>
, and
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E5DFF9AFBA413273B30FAAF" box="[1067,1091,1363,1382]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[146,181,1289,1306]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,148,1251]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,147,1254]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 13 and 14. Vespa morphology. (a, b) Dorsal view of scutum. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (e, f) Lateral view of anterior pronotal carina. (a) V. basalis. (b) V. ducalis. (c) V. vivax. (d) V. velutina. Fig. 14. V. affinis coloration. (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view. (c) Front view of face." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826929/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5DFF9DFCBD13F73B09F90C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD13F73B5BFA7A" blockId="3.[818,1442,1411,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5DFF9AFCBD13F73B5BFA7A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5DFF9AFCBD13F73B08FA5F" box="[818,1147,1411,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD13F73B08FA5F" authority="Linnaeus, 1764: 417" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="417" authorityYear="1764" box="[818,1147,1411,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD13F73CD3FA5F" box="[818,928,1411,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Apis affinis</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1764: 417
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5DFF9AFB0413F73B91FA5F" box="[1163,1250,1411,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female; ‘in
<location id="DC3566997E5DFF9AFAED13F73AD1FA5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79:DC3566997E5DFF9AFAED13F73AD1FA5F" box="[1378,1442,1411,1430]" name="Calidis" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Uppsala">Calidis</location>
regionibus’ (
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5DFF9AFC3413D43B6DFA7A" box="[955,1054,1440,1459]" country="Sweden" name="Uppsala" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">UPPSALA</collectingRegion>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD13CA3A35FA27" blockId="3.[818,1442,1411,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5DFF9AFCBD13CA3A35FA27" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5DFF9AFCBD13CA3BEEFA18" box="[818,1181,1469,1489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD13CA3BEEFA18" ID-CoL="5B9QF" authority="Fabricius, 1787: 287" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="1787" box="[818,1181,1469,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD13CA3CC1FA19" box="[818,946,1469,1488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa affinis</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1787: 287
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5DFF9AFB3C13CA3B88FA18" box="[1203,1275,1470,1489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
females;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5DFF9AFAE513C93AD1FA19" box="[1386,1442,1469,1488]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China</collectingCountry>
(COPENHAGEN). Nec
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFBA613AF3A31FA27" ID-CoL="5B9QF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1764)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[1065,1346,1499,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFBA613AF3BEEFA27" box="[1065,1181,1499,1518]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa affinis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1764)
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD138D3CF3F98F" blockId="3.[818,1442,1411,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5DFF9AFCBD138D3CF3F98F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5DFF9AFCBD138D3BDDF9C2" box="[818,1198,1528,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD138D3BDDF9C2" ID-CoL="7FRBT" authority="Olivier, 1792: 677" authorityName="Olivier" authorityPageNumber="677" authorityYear="1792" box="[818,1198,1528,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD138D3CAFF9C2" box="[818,988,1528,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa unifasciata</emphasis>
Olivier, 1792: 677
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5DFF9AFB4E138D3B9EF9C5" box="[1217,1261,1529,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
unknown; ‘Indes orientales’ (repository unknown). Nec
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFB3D10623C0FF98F" ID-CoL="7FRBT" authority="Gmelin, 1790" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFB3D10623A21F9E1" box="[1202,1362,1557,1576]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa unifasciata</emphasis>
Gmelin, 1790
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD10253CDCF957" blockId="3.[818,1442,1411,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5DFF9AFCBD10253CDCF957" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5DFF9AFCBD10253B81F9AA" box="[818,1266,1616,1635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD10253B81F9AA" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1831: 264" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville. Nec" authorityPageNumber="264" authorityYear="1831" box="[818,1266,1616,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alduini">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD10253CC9F9AA" box="[818,954,1616,1635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa alduini</emphasis>
Guérin-Méneville, 1831: 264
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5DFF9AFA8810243A2DF9AA" box="[1287,1374,1616,1635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5DFF9AFCC510193CD6F949" box="[842,933,1645,1664]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5DFF9AFC2210193C8BF949" box="[941,1016,1645,1664]" country="Indonesia" name="Maluku Utara" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Maluku</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="DC3566997E5DFF9AFB8F101A3B23F949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79:DC3566997E5DFF9AFB8F101A3B23F949" box="[1024,1104,1645,1665]" country="Indonesia" name="Buru Isl." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Maluku Utara">Buru Isl.</location>
, ‘l’île
<collectorName id="741F55947E5DFF9AFB0D10193B90F948" box="[1154,1251,1645,1665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">de Bourou</collectorName>
, l’une des Moluques’ (GENOA).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD10DD3AE8F93F" blockId="3.[818,1442,1411,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5DFF9AFCBD10DD3AE8F93F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5DFF9AFCBD10DD3B8EF972" box="[818,1277,1704,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD10DD3B8EF972" ID-CoL="5B9RR" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1838: 264" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityPageNumber="264" authorityYear="1838" box="[818,1277,1704,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD10DD3CAAF972" box="[818,985,1704,1723]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa bimaculata</emphasis>
Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 264
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Unnecessary replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFB8410B23A17F910" authority="Guerin-Meneville. Nec" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville. Nec" authorityYear="1831" box="[1035,1380,1733,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alduini">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFB8410B23BFAF911" box="[1035,1161,1733,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa alduini</emphasis>
Guérin-Méneville. Nec
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFAE310B23B30F93F" ID-CoL="5B9RR" authority="Geoffroy, 1785" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFAE310B23CC3F93F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa bimaculata</emphasis>
Geoffroy, 1785
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFBFB10973AE4F93F" ID-CoL="5B9RR" authority="Olivier, 1792" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1792" box="[1140,1431,1763,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFBFB10973A64F93F" box="[1140,1303,1763,1782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa bimaculata</emphasis>
Olivier, 1792
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD11753A03F8F8" blockId="3.[818,1442,1411,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5DFF9AFCBD11753A03F8F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5DFF9AFCBD11753BD5F8DA" box="[818,1190,1792,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD11753BD5F8DA" ID-CoL="5B9XV" authority="de Saussure, 1854: 156" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1854" box="[818,1190,1792,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD11753CA1F8DA" box="[818,978,1793,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa nigripennis</emphasis>
de Saussure, 1854: 156
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5DFF9AFB2411753BA4F8DD" box="[1195,1239,1793,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
unknown;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5DFF9AFAB211743AD1F8DA" box="[1341,1442,1792,1811]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(repository unknown). Nec
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFBC6116A3A1FF8F8" ID-CoL="5B9XV" authority="Degeer, 1773" authorityName="Degeer" authorityYear="1773" box="[1097,1388,1822,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFBC6116A3B98F8F9" box="[1097,1259,1822,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa nigripennis</emphasis>
Degeer, 1773
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5DFF9AFCBD114F3B07F86F" blockId="3.[818,1442,1411,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5DFF9AFCBD114F3B07F86F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5DFF9AFCBD114F3A48F887" box="[818,1339,1851,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5DFF9AFCBD114F3A7AF887" authority="du Buysson, 1905" authorityName="du Buysson" authorityYear="1905" box="[818,1289,1851,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cincta" variety="picea">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFCBD114F3CDBF884" box="[818,936,1851,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vespa cincta</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5DFF9AFC54114F3B79F884" box="[987,1034,1851,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">picea</emphasis>
du Buysson, 1905 (1904)
</taxonomicName>
: 537
</treatmentCitation>
,
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5DFF9AFAC7114F3AD1F887" box="[1352,1442,1851,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female (designated by
<collectorName id="741F55947E5DFF9AFBAC112D3BDFF8A2" box="[1059,1196,1880,1900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">van der Vecht</collectorName>
, 1959: 214);
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5DFF9AFABC112D3CFDF841" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, ‘Tupuseleia or Kapakapa’ (
<collectorName id="741F55947E5DFF9AFB1A11023A64F841" box="[1173,1303,1909,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">van der Vecht</collectorName>
does not indicate which locality) (GENOVA).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="8D9560CA7E5AFF9DFF1D13C23A33FA30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3826925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826925/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[146,181,1462,1479]" targetBox="[153,1435,149,1426]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFF1D13C23A33FA30" blockId="4.[146,1443,1462,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D13C23FADFA0E" bold="true" box="[146,222,1462,1479]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 5–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF6A13C23E65FA0E" ID-CoL="86JM" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[229,278,1462,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vespa</taxonomicName>
morphology.Fig. 5.Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2.Fig.6. (a,b) Lateral view of pretegular pronotal carina.(c, d) Front view of clypeus.Fig. 7. (a, b) Front view of clypeus. (c, d). Dorsal view of vertex. Fig. 8. (a, c) Lateral view of metasoma. (b, d, e) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 5a,
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFA9F13BB3A2FFA29" ID-CoL="7G3CC" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1859" box="[1296,1372,1487,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFA9F13BB3A2FFA29" box="[1296,1372,1487,1504]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V. fervida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fig. 5b,
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF1D139C3F99FA30" ID-CoL="5B9WC" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[146,234,1512,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D139C3F99FA30" box="[146,234,1512,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V. luctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Figs. 6a, 6c, 7a, 8a, 8c,
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFE21139C3D46FA30" ID-CoL="5B9YL" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[430,565,1512,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFE21139C3D46FA30" box="[430,565,1512,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V. philippinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Figs. 6b, 6d,
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFD2A139C3D88FA30" ID-CoL="7G3C6" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" box="[677,763,1512,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFD2A139C3D88FA30" box="[677,763,1512,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V. velutina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Figs. 7b, 7e, 7f
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFCF1139C3CB8FA30" ID-CoL="7G3C3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[894,971,1512,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFCF1139C3CB8FA30" box="[894,971,1512,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V. tropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Figs.7c, 7d, 8d,
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFBD8139C3BD6FA30" ID-CoL="5B9TV" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1111,1189,1512,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFBD8139C3BD6FA30" box="[1111,1189,1512,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V. ducalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fig. 8b,
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFB60139C3A48FA30" ID-CoL="5B9RM" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1263,1339,1512,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFB60139C3A48FA30" box="[1263,1339,1512,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFF1D10543D4BF9A4" blockId="4.[146,770,1568,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFF1D10543D4BF9A4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFF1D10543EBEF9FA" box="[146,461,1568,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF1D10543EBEF9FA" authority="Perez, 1910: 8" authorityName="Perez" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1910" box="[146,461,1568,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indosinensis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D10543E4DF9FA" box="[146,318,1568,1587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa indosinensis</emphasis>
Pérez, 1910: 8
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFE5810543D42F9FA" box="[471,561,1568,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female (designated by
<collectorName id="741F55947E5AFF9DFF2510493E5FF999" box="[170,300,1597,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">van der Vecht</collectorName>
, 1957: 28);
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFE1210493E9DF999" box="[413,494,1597,1616]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
: Annam (PARIS).
<collectorName id="741F55947E5AFF9DFD1910493DBEF999" box="[662,717,1597,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Given</collectorName>
as
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFD62104A3E25F9A4" ID-CoL="5LR63" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="indosinensis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFD62104A3D8FF999" box="[749,764,1598,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF25102E3E25F9A4" box="[170,342,1626,1645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">affinis indosinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<collectorName id="741F55947E5AFF9DFEF6102F3E8AF9A4" box="[377,505,1626,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">van der Vecht</collectorName>
, 1957.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFF1D100C3DCBF961" blockId="4.[146,770,1568,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFF1D100C3DCBF961" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFF1D100C3EA4F942" box="[146,471,1656,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF1D100C3EA4F942" ID-CoL="7G3D9" authority="Sonan, 1927: 125" authorityName="Sonan" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1927" box="[146,471,1656,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D100C3E5CF942" box="[146,303,1656,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa formosana</emphasis>
Sonan, 1927: 125
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFE51100C3D4BF942" box="[478,568,1656,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female (designated by
<collectingMunicipality id="3931AA387E5AFF9DFF2510E13F9DF961" box="[170,238,1685,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Kojima</collectingMunicipality>
et al. 2011: 45);
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFE0410E13EA1F961" box="[395,466,1685,1704]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="DC3566997E5AFF9DFE5510E13D55F961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79:DC3566997E5AFF9DFE5510E13D55F961" box="[474,550,1685,1704]" country="Taiwan" municipality="Kojima" name="Taihoku" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Taichung">Taihoku</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5AFF9DFDBD10E13DDEF961" box="[562,685,1685,1704]" country="Taiwan" name="Taichung" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TAICHUNG</collectingRegion>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFF1D10C73D45F92A" blockId="4.[146,770,1568,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFF1D10C73D45F92A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFF1D10C73D0CF90C" box="[146,639,1714,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF1D10C73D0CF90C" ID-CoL="5LR5Z" authority="Bequaert, 1936: 350" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityPageNumber="350" authorityYear="1936" box="[146,639,1714,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="affinis" variety="continentalis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D10C73E7AF90C" box="[146,265,1714,1733]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa affinis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFEB410C63EC3F90C" box="[315,432,1714,1733]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">continentalis</emphasis>
Bequaert, 1936: 350
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFD0510C63D92F90C" box="[650,737,1714,1733]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFF6E10A43E67F92A" box="[225,276,1744,1763]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">India</collectingCountry>
: Mangalore (WASHINGTON).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFF1D109A3D04F8D4" blockId="4.[146,770,1568,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFF1D109A3D04F8D4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFF1D109A3D2FF8C9" box="[146,604,1773,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF1D109A3D2FF8C9" authority="Bequaert, 1936: 349" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityPageNumber="349" authorityYear="1936" box="[146,604,1773,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="affinis" variety="hainanensis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D109A3E76F8C9" box="[146,261,1773,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa affinis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFEA010993EE9F8C9" box="[303,410,1773,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">hainanensis</emphasis>
Bequaert, 1936: 349
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFDEB10993DC8F8C9" box="[612,699,1773,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFF25117E3F96F8D4" box="[170,229,1802,1821]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5AFF9DFF62117E3E41F8D4" box="[237,306,1802,1821]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hainan</collectingRegion>
Is.,
<quantity id="1E129DA77E5AFF9DFED7117E3EF1F8D4" box="[344,386,1802,1821]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
s
<location id="DC3566997E5AFF9DFE19117E3EA5F8D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79:DC3566997E5AFF9DFE19117E3EA5F8D4" box="[406,470,1802,1821]" country="China" name="Nodoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hainan">Nodoa</location>
(CAMBRIDGE).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFF1D115C3D1DF891" blockId="4.[146,770,1568,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFF1D115C3D1DF891" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFF1D115C3D29F8F2" box="[146,602,1832,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF1D115C3D29F8F2" ID-CoL="5LR65" authority="van der Vecht, 1957: 29" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1957" box="[146,602,1832,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D115C3E07F8F3" box="[146,372,1832,1851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa affinis nigriventris</emphasis>
van der Vecht, 1957: 29
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFDEC115C3DC9F8F2" box="[611,698,1832,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFF2511313E61F891" box="[170,274,1861,1880]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Philippines</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5AFF9DFE9511313E19F891" box="[282,362,1861,1880]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Palawan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5AFF9DFEFB11313D71F891" box="[372,514,1861,1880]" country="Philippines" name="Puerto Princesa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Puerto Princesa</collectingRegion>
(LOGAN).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFF1D11173DB7F85A" blockId="4.[146,770,1568,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFF1D11173DB7F85A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFF1D11173D29F8BC" box="[146,602,1890,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFF1D11173D29F8BC" ID-CoL="5LR67" authority="van der Vecht, 1957: 29" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1957" box="[146,602,1890,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="rufonigrans">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFF1D11173E05F8BC" box="[146,374,1890,1909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa affinis rufonigrans</emphasis>
van der Vecht, 1957: 29
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFDEC11163DC9F8BC" box="[611,698,1890,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFF2511F43E75F85A" box="[170,262,1920,1939]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5AFF9DFE8111F43E2CF85A" box="[270,351,1920,1939]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="3931AA387E5AFF9DFEE611F43EE2F85A" box="[361,401,1920,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Palu</collectingMunicipality>
‘
<location id="DC3566997E5AFF9DFE1611F43D2BF85A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79:DC3566997E5AFF9DFE1611F43D2BF85A" box="[409,600,1920,1939]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Palu" name="North West Celebes'" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">North West Celebes’</location>
(LEIDEN).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFCBD10543BF2F999" blockId="4.[818,1443,1568,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFCBD10543BF2F999" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFCBD10543B85F9FA" box="[818,1270,1568,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFCBD10543B85F9FA" authority="van der Vecht, 1957: 32" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1957" box="[818,1270,1568,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="archboldi">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFCBD10543B74F9FA" box="[818,1031,1568,1587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa affinis archboldi</emphasis>
van der Vecht, 1957: 32
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFA8E10543A2BF9FA" box="[1281,1368,1568,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFCC510493CD5F999" box="[842,934,1597,1616]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
: ‘
<location id="DC3566997E5AFF9DFC3F10493B66F999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E5DFF9FFCBD13443DAFFA79:DC3566997E5AFF9DFC3F10493B66F999" box="[944,1045,1597,1616]" country="Indonesia" name="Hollandia'" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hollandia’</location>
(LEIDEN).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFCBD102F3B0BF942" blockId="4.[818,1443,1568,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFCBD102F3B0BF942" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFCBD102F3B8BF9A4" box="[818,1272,1626,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFCBD102F3B8BF9A4" ID-CoL="5LR64" authority="van der Vecht, 1957: 32" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1957" box="[818,1272,1626,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="moluccana">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFCBD102F3B62F9A4" box="[818,1041,1626,1645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa affinis moluccana</emphasis>
van der Vecht, 1957: 32
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFA8D102E3A2AF9A4" box="[1282,1369,1626,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFCC5100C3CD5F942" box="[842,934,1656,1675]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectorName id="741F55947E5AFF9DFC21100C3B7EF942" box="[942,1037,1656,1675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Saparua I.</collectorName>
(LEIDEN).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFCBD10E23B09F90C" blockId="4.[818,1443,1568,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E5AFF9DFCBD10E23B09F90C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E5AFF9DFCBD10E23B86F961" box="[818,1269,1685,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E5AFF9DFCBD10E23B86F961" ID-CoL="5LR5X" authority="van der Vecht, 1957: 33" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1957" box="[818,1269,1685,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="alticincta">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFCBD10E23B77F961" box="[818,1028,1685,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vespa affinis alticincta</emphasis>
van der Vecht, 1957: 33
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E5AFF9DFA8F10E13A24F961" box="[1280,1367,1685,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E5AFF9DFCC510C73CC9F90C" box="[842,954,1714,1734]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Britain</collectingRegion>
(LONDON-NHM).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5AFF9DFCBD10A93A26F881" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9DFCBD10A93A26F881" blockId="4.[818,1443,1757,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFCBD10A93CDAF939" bold="true" box="[818,937,1757,1776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFC3A10A93C95F939" box="[949,998,1757,1776]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFC7910A93B24F939" box="[1014,1111,1757,1776]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFBE810A93BA2F939" box="[1127,1233,1757,1776]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFB6E10A93A69F939" box="[1249,1306,1757,1776]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFAA510A93AECF939" box="[1322,1439,1757,1776]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFCBD108E3C0BF8C4" box="[818,888,1786,1805]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFC0A108F3CC9F8C7" box="[901,954,1787,1806]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Ryukyu Is.),
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFBC5108F3BD6F8C7" box="[1098,1189,1787,1806]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFB3D108E3A74F8C4" box="[1202,1287,1786,1805]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFA9A108F3A30F8C7" box="[1301,1347,1787,1806]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFAC0108E3AEDF8C4" box="[1359,1438,1786,1805]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFCBD116C3CFBF8E2" box="[818,904,1816,1835]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFC19116C3C80F8E2" box="[918,1011,1816,1835]" name="Singapore" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFB8E116C3B2FF8E2" box="[1025,1116,1816,1835]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFBE5116C3A5AF8E2" box="[1130,1321,1816,1835]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFAB7116C3AECF8E2" box="[1336,1439,1816,1835]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, and introduced into
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFC6211413B30F881" box="[1005,1091,1845,1864]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFBC211413BBFF881" box="[1101,1228,1845,1864]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E5AFF9DFB5A11413A22F881" box="[1237,1361,1845,1864]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">United States</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E5AFF9FFCBD11163DAFFA79" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D95530427E5AFF9FFCBD11163DAFFA79" blockId="4.[818,1442,1890,1939]" lastBlockId="6.[146,770,1378,1456]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E5AFF9DFCBD11163CE7F8BC" bold="true" box="[818,916,1890,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discussion</emphasis>
. This is one of the smaller bodied hornets, and is common in subtropical and tropical Asia. They are generalist scavengers, feeding on nectar, fruit, tree sap, carrion, and insects, including honeybees.
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E58FF9FFF7413F43E1CFA5B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[251,367,1407,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E58FF9FFF7413F43E1CFA5B" box="[251,367,1407,1426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vespa affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nests are usually built high in trees, but can also be found in shrubs, and on and in buildings (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7B4DB37E58FF9FFDD413E93DBDFA79" author="Archer" box="[603,718,1437,1456]" firstAuthor="Archer" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="27 - 38" refId="ref11845" refString="Archer, M. E. 1997. Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of Vespa affinis (L.) and Vespa mocsaryana du Buysson. Entomol. Mon. Mag. 133: 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1997">Archer 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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