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<document id="66B67F97498CF4EFA791A825E6DC9570" ID-CLB-Dataset="22147" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa006" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c2ad151-a6e0-4c1b-be84-d1950abe22dd" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3826921" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589464781686" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Carpenter, James M. &amp; Kimsey, Lynn" docDate="2020" docId="514381547E4CFF8BFF1D13E63A33F9F3" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.4.3.2.1-27.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Vespa simillima Smith 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="AD7AF92C7E5EFF99FF8F16743F73FFC9" masterDocTitle="The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698839653073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="00DD27956CEF02D008D5D8E9B220565D">The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B5CBB231700055F6FEA9A473DE259416" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EDA28FE64EE6C254ACA703DEE1644C58">
<mods:roleTerm id="B225BFD7AB2FBACC223D838D62455740">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7280B2BF8D0E945DAAAC04577B86A883">Smith-Pardo, Allan H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="15B2E44066D72D6808351F7B19EB747D">USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Science and Technology (S &amp; T), Sacramento, CA,</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4E46AB69399A37826E9AE7E35D20E54E" type="email">allan.h.smith-pardo@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="8F5808376DF4F97EB441A15455FCC6DA">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="595FF7F81EBDE99C893C0EF079D9AB54">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1AC826999CC15368A744644907FA1564">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AFC9FDAC32C5C50E4CA6271D6F64CF61" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A73C5B644896E16D83FE1DDC126C2EE9">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1416C636374C00EC2DE2185857500BE4">Kimsey, Lynn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7727E632A11C7F534BD54B40FE2D30E5">Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, and</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="1B9306161D6F5B1BE626A0945A5A5046">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5507D2B09412B0F9F07D75C2AC3DF5A0">
<mods:date id="04DE65CF592F1A32EF4D9A03F31FFE2A">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BFEA9373EDFE07927FC5FC8434B9A408" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A2D057B0248023E39CCC97246390F6B4">2020-05-31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2D17349629B8B400AB7DBF836A226495" type="CLB-Dataset">22147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F591E265E2AE7A63E3F31F70B421C296" type="Zenodo-Dep">3826921</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="514381547E4CFF8BFF1D13E63A33F9F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847062" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164133887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3847062" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E4CFF8BFF1D13E63A33F9F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/514381547E4CFF8BFF1D13E63A33F9F3" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E4CFF8BFF1D13E63EFCFA60" box="[146,399,1426,1449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D13E63EFCFA60" blockId="18.[146,399,1426,1480]" box="[146,399,1426,1449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="821D872E7E4CFF8BFF1D13E63EFCFA60" box="[146,399,1426,1449]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFF1D13E63EFCFA60" ID-CoL="7FRBH" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1868" box="[146,399,1426,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillima">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF1D13E63E37FA60" box="[146,324,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa simillima</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E4CFF8BFF1D13C13E53FA01" box="[146,288,1461,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D13C13E53FA01" blockId="18.[146,399,1426,1480]" box="[146,288,1461,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E4CFF8BFF1D13C13FA9FA01" box="[146,218,1461,1480]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[146,181,1213,1230]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,148,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[146,1429,147,1201]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 42 and 43. Vespa simillima color forms. (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view. (c) Front view of face." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826961/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 42</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E4CFF8BFE8713C13E53FA01" box="[264,288,1461,1480]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="20.[146,181,1213,1230]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,148,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[146,1429,147,1201]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs. 42 and 43. Vespa simillima color forms. (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view. (c) Front view of face." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826961/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">43</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E4CFF8BFF1D13923E30F8F2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D13923EA1F9DC" blockId="18.[146,771,1509,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E4CFF8BFF1D13923EA1F9DC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E4CFF8BFF1D13923E84FA31" box="[146,503,1509,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFF1D13923E84FA31" ID-CoL="7FRBH" authority="Smith, 1868: 280" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="280" authorityYear="1868" box="[146,503,1509,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillima">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF1D13923E5EFA31" box="[146,301,1509,1528]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa simillima</emphasis>
Smith, 1868: 280
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E4CFF8BFD8413913D11FA31" box="[523,610,1509,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFD4913913D8DFA31" box="[710,766,1509,1528]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="DC3566997E4CFF8BFF2210763E61F9DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E4CFF8BFF1D13E63A33F9F3:DC3566997E4CFF8BFF2210763E61F9DC" box="[173,274,1538,1557]" country="Japan" name="Hakodadi'" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hakodadi</location>
(LONDON-NHM).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D10543D9EF999" blockId="18.[146,771,1509,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E4CFF8BFF1D10543D9EF999" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E4CFF8BFF1D10543EA7F9FA" box="[146,468,1568,1587]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFF1D10543EA7F9FA" authority="Andre, 1884: 4" authorityName="Andre" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1884" box="[146,468,1568,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF1D10543E40F9FA" box="[146,307,1568,1587]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa mongolica</emphasis>
André, 1884: 4
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E4CFF8BFE6C10543D58F9FA" box="[483,555,1568,1587]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
male, female;
<materialsCitation id="69823A1F7E4CFF8BFD3010543D9AF999" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2618794317" collectionCode="PARIS" collectorName="la Siberie" country="Russia" location="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFD3010543D8CF9FA" box="[703,767,1568,1587]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Russia</collectingCountry>
: Vladivostock, sur lAmour, dans
<collectorName id="741F55947E4CFF8BFE5310493D42F999" box="[476,561,1597,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">la Sibérie</collectorName>
orientale (
<collectionCode id="BFFBA8877E4CFF8BFD1610493DA8F999" box="[665,731,1597,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">PARIS</collectionCode>
?)
</materialsCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D102F3E99F942" blockId="18.[146,771,1509,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E4CFF8BFF1D102F3E99F942" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E4CFF8BFF1D102F3D69F9A7" box="[146,538,1626,1646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFF1D102F3D69F9A7" ID-CoL="7G2SY" authority="Cameron, 1903: 278" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="278" authorityYear="1903" box="[146,538,1626,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthoptera">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF1D102F3E30F9A4" box="[146,323,1626,1645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa xanthoptera</emphasis>
Cameron, 1903: 278
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E4CFF8BFDA7102E3D0CF9A4" box="[552,639,1626,1645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFD49102F3D8DF9A7" box="[710,766,1627,1646]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="DC3566997E4CFF8BFF22100C3E59F942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E4CFF8BFF1D13E63A33F9F3:DC3566997E4CFF8BFF22100C3E59F942" box="[173,298,1656,1675]" country="Japan" name="Michzusawa'" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Michzusawa</location>
(LONDON-NHM).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D10E23DC5F90C" blockId="18.[146,771,1509,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E4CFF8BFF1D10E23DC5F90C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E4CFF8BFF1D10E23EA6F961" box="[146,469,1685,1704]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFF1D10E23EA6F961" ID-CoL="5B9X5" authority="Cameron, 1903: 279" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="279" authorityYear="1903" box="[146,469,1685,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micado">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF1D10E23E62F961" box="[146,273,1685,1704]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa micado</emphasis>
Cameron, 1903: 279
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E4CFF8BFE5210E13D44F961" box="[477,567,1685,1704]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female (designated by Kojima, 1997: 20);
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFED110C73EE5F90F" box="[350,406,1715,1734]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E4CFF8BFE2F10C63E84F90C" box="[416,503,1714,1733]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
(LONDON-NHM).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D10A43EC3F8C9" blockId="18.[146,771,1509,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E4CFF8BFF1D10A43EC3F8C9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E4CFF8BFF1D10A43D28F92A" box="[146,603,1744,1763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFF1D10A43D28F92A" ID-CoL="7FRCW" authority="Perez, 1905: 24" authorityName="Perez" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1905" box="[146,603,1744,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="mongolica" variety="sexpunctata">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF1D10A43E5EF92A" box="[146,301,1744,1763]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa mongolica</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFED710A43EB5F92B" box="[344,454,1744,1762]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sexpunctata</emphasis>
Pérez, 1905: 24
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E4CFF8BFDEB10A43DC8F92A" box="[612,699,1744,1763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFF2510993F91F8C9" box="[170,226,1773,1792]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="DC3566997E4CFF8BFF6210993E29F8C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E4CFF8BFF1D13E63A33F9F3:DC3566997E4CFF8BFF6210993E29F8C9" box="[237,346,1773,1792]" country="Japan" name="Yokohama'" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Yokohama</location>
(PARIS).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF3B117F3E30F8F2" blockId="18.[146,771,1509,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E4CFF8BFF3B117F3E30F8F2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E4CFF8BFF3B117F3D24F8D7" box="[180,599,1802,1822]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFF3B117F3D24F8D7" authority="Perez, 1910: 17" authorityName="Perez" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1910" box="[180,599,1802,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="mongolica" variety="flavata">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF3B117F3E21F8D4" box="[180,338,1802,1821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vespa mongolica</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFE0F117E3ECEF8D4" box="[384,445,1802,1821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">flavata</emphasis>
Pérez, 1910: 17
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E4CFF8BFDED117E3DCAF8D4" box="[610,697,1802,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFF3B115C3F9FF8F2" box="[180,236,1832,1851]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">China</collectingCountry>
(PARIS).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E4CFF8BFF1D112C3E98F86C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFF1D112C3E98F86C" blockId="18.[146,770,1880,1958]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFF1D112C3E70F8A2" bold="true" box="[146,259,1880,1899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFE80112C3E34F8A2" box="[271,327,1880,1899]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E4CFF8BFEDA112C3ED9F8A2" box="[341,426,1880,1899]" country="China" name="Liaoning" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
), southwestern
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFDB1112C3D0FF8A2" box="[574,636,1880,1899]" name="Russia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFD07112C3DB1F8A2" box="[648,706,1880,1899]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFD43112C3C72F8A2" box="[716,769,1880,1899]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
(including Yaku-shima Is.). Introduced into
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E4CFF8BFDDA11013D8DF841" box="[597,766,1909,1928]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFF1D11E63FA8F86C" box="[146,219,1938,1957]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Canada</collectingCountry>
, but not established;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFE1211E63E91F86C" box="[413,482,1938,1957]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
?
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E4CFF8BFCBD13E03A33F9F3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D95530427E4CFF8BFCBD13E03A33F9F3" blockId="18.[818,1442,1428,1594]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFCBD13E03CE7FA6E" bold="true" box="[818,916,1428,1447]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discussion</emphasis>
. Nests of this species have been found in the ground, and in sheltered above ground sites, such as hollow trees, wall voids, and attics. A queen of
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E4CFF8BFC5513BB3B34FA2B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1868" box="[986,1095,1487,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillima">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E4CFF8BFC5513BB3B34FA2B" box="[986,1095,1487,1506]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">V. simillima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in the village of Tsaochan in
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFCC513983CFDFA36" box="[842,910,1516,1535]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
in 2003, but it is unclear whether the species has established on the island (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7B4DB37E4CFF8BFC74107D3BE4F9D5" author="Sung" box="[1019,1175,1545,1565]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sung" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="303 - 306" refId="ref13496" refString="Sung, I. - H., S. Yamane, and K. - K. Ho. 2006. A new record of a hornet from Taiwan. Formosan Entomol. 26: 303 - 306." type="journal article" year="2006">Sung et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). It is apparently not established in British
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E4CFF8BFC4810533B51F9F3" box="[967,1058,1575,1594]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Kimsey and Carpenter 2012).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>