252 lines
32 KiB
XML
252 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="44BFA2BB1FEB5E888DE52A808775292A" ID-DOI="10.13133/2284-4880/545" ID-ISSN="2284-4880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12764154" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721242503917" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ballerio, Alberto" docDate="2021" docId="0F747550114BFFF0FF16A9041B3E9148" docLanguage="en" docName="FragEntomol.53.2.105-282.pdf" docOrigin="Fragmenta entomologica 53 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.13133/2284-4880/545" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8499FF4308F512386C0E43DC290A16BD.1:FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="8499FF4308F512386C0E43DC290A16BD" docStyleName="FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Synarmostes aes Ballerio, 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B92EE292-CF8D-443E-85BA-81F405F8A5BC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="F34D0D28115AFFE2FF9EAF31192A9224" masterDocTitle="The Ceratocanthinae of Madagascar and Comoro Islands: a revision of the genera Synarmostes and Goudotostes, and of the flightless Philharmostes, with description of 64 new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea, Hybosoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="282" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1721247602959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EBFC440316C132FC4AD3F891FDCFE94A">
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<mods:title id="0987ED38AA749D3CB8D38C9F2F3E2802">The Ceratocanthinae of Madagascar and Comoro Islands: a revision of the genera Synarmostes and Goudotostes, and of the flightless Philharmostes, with description of 64 new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea, Hybosoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7937A4158B4191D4AE1F3E784FD8016C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A48A3888E60585802F8F68CDB9069E03">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="278514D36E7BA32810DF47FE4B1DBA0D">Ballerio, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="90CD6ED6C229D572A173062BC33CC30F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="588AD24A246B60AC12FA2BA63F786602">Fragmenta entomologica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B06110FCDFE51CDCA3F0AAF2D6EA6B32">
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<mods:date id="8447CC61F8CAF11CB535B3E4ECEFB648">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="940818C4BF306ABB1654568FB3CAABE9" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0AB033E45C049409C701CF166734EB69">2021-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AB37A71DBD7BBF3D5F9F03F45C246452">53</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6E3A67D0E32B1CCD83DF0925088E5D3A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F2A25D41C729CA0A2055598386DF8372">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="B83A2F65FD92121C27042291A5D70D81" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="96CA38DB9F41C6746F4E108DBFEE8E3C">105</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E7644F80530DAC2D75879E123DA17B85">282</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="6CD368CC0E57503E45C0704515BB7086">http://dx.doi.org/10.13133/2284-4880/545</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="41E4A089A3FCE80B638CEB428AB282CB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DFF86C46180D8D1B95D2E5222EF7732E" type="DOI">10.13133/2284-4880/545</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0242C16870072C0BF5A60147C4CE4A50" type="ISSN">2284-4880</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="12F3ECC0AE2C890F0671C3BC5DC43A2D" type="ZooBank">B3F75A2C-7603-4027-B8E1-F4A8B5A0CDD9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F747550114BFFF0FF16A9041B3E9148" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B92EE292-CF8D-443E-85BA-81F405F8A5BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F747550114BFFF0FF16A9041B3E9148" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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<subSubSection id="CFC797CD114BFFF3FF16A90418BF9468" box="[136,405,1588,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8762C446114BFFF3FF16A90418BF9468" blockId="17.[136,405,1588,1612]" box="[136,405,1588,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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<heading id="DC2A732A114BFFF3FF16A90418BF9468" box="[136,405,1588,1612]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FF16A90418109468" ID-CoL="8SSN4" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,314,1589,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aes" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FF16A90418109468" box="[136,314,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Synarmostes aes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FEDEA90518BF9468" bold="true" box="[320,405,1588,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F114BFFF3FEDEA90518BF9468" box="[320,405,1588,1612]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFC797CD114BFFF3FF16A9651B269488" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8762C446114BFFF3FF16A9651B269488" blockId="17.[136,747,1620,1708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C3114BFFF3FF0EA96519CB9448" box="[144,225,1620,1644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[136,167,1805,1824]" captionTargetBox="[136,1436,168,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-4@25.[133,827,164,1770]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 13 – a, Synarmoste aes sp. nov., lateral view showing smooth area on pronotal side (ps: pronotal side); b, Synarmoste aes sp. nov., view of distal third of elytra showing the weak sinuation of apical carina (cp: carina profile); c, Synarmoste separatus sp. nov., lateral view showing punctate area on pronotal side (ps: pronotal side); d, Synarmoste separatus sp. nov., view of distal third of elytra showing the strong sinuation of apical carina (cp: carina profile); e, Synarmostes benaraensis sp. nov., ventral side of elytron showing the presence of three mites (arrow indicates the mites); f, detail of another elytron of Synarmostes benaraensis sp. nov. showing two mites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Figs 13</figureCitation>
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a-b, 14 a-d, 30 a-c, 35) http://zoobank.org/
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<uri id="F34CC844114BFFF3FEC4A9451B269488" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:
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<uuid id="F37BFE93114BFFF3FDF7A9451B269488" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">B3F75A2C-7603-4027-B8E1-F4A8B5A0CDD9</uuid>
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</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD114BFFF3FF30A9E51C669308" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8762C446114BFFF3FF30A9E51C669308" blockId="17.[136,756,1748,1932]" lastBlockId="17.[816,1438,180,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FF30A9E5181F94C8" bold="true" box="[174,309,1748,1772]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Type series.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="37B5CE1B114BFFF3FEA0A9E51C2792E8" collectingDate="1997-11-03" collectingDateMax="1997-11-09" collectingDateMin="1997-11-03" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="Chicago, IL & R. S. de Ivohibe & Winkler & B. L. Fisher" country="Madagascar" determinerName="A. Ballerio" elevation="1200" latitude="-22.483334" location="Ivohibe" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="46.966946" municipality="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" specimenCode="FMNH #97-507" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="58667AE4114BFFF3FEA0A9E5188E94C8" box="[318,420,1748,1772]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
,
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<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF114BFFF3FE2FA9E418ED94C8" box="[433,455,1749,1772]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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, deposited in the collection of the
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<collectingMunicipality id="67065E3C114BFFF3FF46A9C51B7D9528" box="[216,599,1780,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Field Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectorName id="2A28A190114BFFF3FDF6A9C51BDA9528" box="[616,752,1780,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Chicago, IL</collectorName>
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||
, USA, labelled as follows: /
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<collectingCountry id="FFCA84D6114BFFF3FE24A8251B159508" box="[442,575,1812,1836]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="45190AA4114BFFF3FDD5A82519D79568" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Province de Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectorName id="2A28A190114BFFF3FE97A80418979568" box="[265,445,1844,1868]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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R. S. de
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<location id="8202929D114BFFF3FEF7A80518979568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F747550114BFFF0FF16A9041B3E9148:8202929D114BFFF3FEF7A80518979568" box="[361,445,1844,1868]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-22.483334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="46.966946" municipality="Field Museum of Natural History" name="Ivohibe" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ivohibe</location>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="96D0DD64114BFFF3FE54A8051B5D9568" box="[458,631,1844,1868]" location="Ivohibe" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
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<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FE54A8051B289568" box="[458,514,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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E Ivohibe
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</locationDeviation>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E9A281114BFFF3FD1DA80519BD9548" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-22.483334">22° 29’ 0” S</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E9A281114BFFF3FF3CA865181E9548" box="[162,308,1876,1900]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" precision="15" seconds="1" value="46.966946">46° 58’ 1” E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FEDDA86518B09548" box="[323,410,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1200.0">
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<elevation id="0CF02375114BFFF3FEDDA86518B09548" box="[323,410,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="F363E286114BFFF3FE37A8651B049548" box="[425,558,1876,1900]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" value="1997-11-03" valueMax="1997-11-09" valueMin="1997-11-03">
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||
<collectingDate id="E3271B6E114BFFF3FE37A8651B049548" box="[425,558,1876,1900]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" value="1997-11-03" valueMax="1997-11-09" valueMin="1997-11-03">3-9.XI.1997</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCode id="D77B6C3D114BFFF3FDA3A8641BDA9548" box="[573,752,1876,1900]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="Museum">FMNH #97-507</specimenCode>
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, montane rainforest,
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<collectorName id="2A28A190114BFFF3FEC0A845189E95A8" box="[350,436,1908,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Winkler</collectorName>
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extraction,
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<collectorName id="2A28A190114BFFF3FDADA8441B9E95A8" box="[563,692,1908,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">B. L. Fisher</collectorName>
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, 1753 /
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<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FCA0AF841AC492E8" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[830,1006,181,204]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aes" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FCA0AF841AC492E8" box="[830,1006,181,204]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Synarmostes aes</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F114BFFF3FC6DAF841D0692E8" box="[1011,1068,181,204]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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det.
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<determinerName id="72BE2882114BFFF3FBC3AF851DF992E8" box="[1117,1235,180,204]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">A. Ballerio</determinerName>
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2020
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||
</materialsCitation>
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<typeStatus id="58667AE4114BFFF3FA8DAF851CA892E8" box="[1299,1410,180,204]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF114BFFF3FA16AF841CB692E8" box="[1416,1436,181,204]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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/ [distended, glued on card, dissected, male genitalia glued on a separate card, same pin].
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<materialsCitation id="37B5CE1B114BFFF3FBECAFC41C639308" collectingDate="1997-11-03" collectingDateMax="1997-11-09" collectingDateMin="1997-11-03" collectionCode="FMNH, ABCB" collectorName="Chicago, IL & R. S. de Ivohibe & Winkler & B. L. Fisher" country="Madagascar" determinerName="A. Ballerio" elevation="1200" latitude="-22.483334" location="Ivohibe" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="46.966946" municipality="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="58667AE4114BFFF3FBECAFC41DF49329" box="[1138,1246,245,269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF114BFFF3FB76AFC51C3A9328" box="[1256,1296,244,268]" count="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FABFAFC51C629328" box="[1313,1352,244,268]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1CC5C83114BFFF3FAD1AFC41CB69328" box="[1359,1436,245,268]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FCC0AE251AAD9308" box="[862,903,276,300]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1CC5C83114BFFF3FC15AE251AF29308" box="[907,984,276,300]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">ABCB</collectionCode>
|
||
), same collecting data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD114BFFF3FCC8AE051DCC9188" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8762C446114BFFF3FCC8AE051DCC9188" blockId="17.[816,1438,180,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FCC8AE051AE09368" bold="true" box="[854,970,308,332]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FC4FAE041DAB9368" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[977,1153,309,332]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FC4FAE041DAB9368" box="[977,1153,309,332]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Synarmostes aes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FB16AE051DF49368" bold="true" box="[1160,1246,308,332]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F114BFFF3FB16AE051DF49368" box="[1160,1246,308,332]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be differentiated from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FBFAAE641DC39348" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1843" box="[1124,1257,341,364]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FBFAAE641DC39348" box="[1124,1257,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Synarmostes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: a) large size, b) ventral ocular area medium-sized, c) dorsal ocular area present, d) dorsal setation absent (20×), e) flightlessness, f) pronotum without callosities on disc, g) sides of pronotum with a narrow longitudinal smooth area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C3114BFFF3FBBFAEC51DAA9028" box="[1057,1152,500,524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[136,167,1805,1824]" captionTargetBox="[136,1436,168,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-4@25.[133,827,164,1770]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 13 – a, Synarmoste aes sp. nov., lateral view showing smooth area on pronotal side (ps: pronotal side); b, Synarmoste aes sp. nov., view of distal third of elytra showing the weak sinuation of apical carina (cp: carina profile); c, Synarmoste separatus sp. nov., lateral view showing punctate area on pronotal side (ps: pronotal side); d, Synarmoste separatus sp. nov., view of distal third of elytra showing the strong sinuation of apical carina (cp: carina profile); e, Synarmostes benaraensis sp. nov., ventral side of elytron showing the presence of three mites (arrow indicates the mites); f, detail of another elytron of Synarmostes benaraensis sp. nov. showing two mites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Fig. 13 a</figureCitation>
|
||
), h) elytral punctation consisting of irregular rows of small transverse comma-shaped punctures, i) carinae of elytral apical third irregular (with some weak tubercles or other irregularities), j) elytra with the most external apical carina weakly bisinuate apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C3114BFFF3FCA6ADA51AB49088" box="[824,926,660,684]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[136,167,1805,1824]" captionTargetBox="[136,1436,168,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-4@25.[133,827,164,1770]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 13 – a, Synarmoste aes sp. nov., lateral view showing smooth area on pronotal side (ps: pronotal side); b, Synarmoste aes sp. nov., view of distal third of elytra showing the weak sinuation of apical carina (cp: carina profile); c, Synarmoste separatus sp. nov., lateral view showing punctate area on pronotal side (ps: pronotal side); d, Synarmoste separatus sp. nov., view of distal third of elytra showing the strong sinuation of apical carina (cp: carina profile); e, Synarmostes benaraensis sp. nov., ventral side of elytron showing the presence of three mites (arrow indicates the mites); f, detail of another elytron of Synarmostes benaraensis sp. nov. showing two mites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Fig. 13 b</figureCitation>
|
||
), k) parameres in lateral view regularly curved apically (less than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FB85AD841DB590E8" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[1051,1183,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FB85AD841DB590E8" box="[1051,1183,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">S. separatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FB39AD851DD590E8" bold="true" box="[1191,1279,692,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F114BFFF3FB39AD851DD590E8" box="[1191,1279,692,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FA89AD841A7990C8" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FA89AD841A7990C8" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Synarmostes aes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FCC3ADE51A9E90C8" bold="true" box="[861,948,724,748]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F114BFFF3FCC3ADE51A9E90C8" box="[861,948,724,748]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FBC1ADE51D8290C8" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1119,1192,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FBC1ADE51D8290C8" box="[1119,1192,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of species. The habitus, mainly because of the pattern of pronotal and elytral punctation, recalls the one of the volant species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FCD1AC041A9E9168" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[847,948,820,844]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FCD1AC041A9E9168" box="[847,948,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">S. tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FC72AC041D149168" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1979" box="[1004,1086,821,844]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FC72AC041D149168" box="[1004,1086,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">S. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which, however, it differs in being flightless and having medium-sized ventral ocular areas. It is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FBDFAC441DE891A8" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[1089,1218,885,908]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FBDFAC441DE891A8" box="[1089,1218,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">S. separatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FB56AC451C3691A8" bold="true" box="[1224,1308,884,908]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F114BFFF3FB56AC451C3691A8" box="[1224,1308,884,908]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from which differs because of characters g), j) and k).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD114BFFF0FCC8AC851BB89008" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8762C446114BFFF0FCC8AC851BB89008" blockId="17.[816,1438,180,1932]" lastBlockId="18.[151,773,180,876]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FCC8AC851AC991E8" bold="true" box="[854,995,948,972]" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Size: HL =
|
||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FBF5AC851DE891E8" box="[1131,1218,948,972]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; HW =
|
||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FA84AC851C5B91E8" box="[1306,1393,948,972]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; PL =
|
||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FCD6ACE51AB591C8" box="[840,927,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; PW = 3.0 mm; EL =
|
||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FB08ACE51DC791C8" box="[1174,1261,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; EW =
|
||
<quantity id="402569A3114BFFF3FADCACE51CB391C8" box="[1346,1433,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Overall morphology as in generic diagnosis. Large-sized flightless
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FC00AB241D0C9608" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1843" box="[926,1062,1045,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FC00AB241D0C9608" box="[926,1062,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Synarmostes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Body moderately convex. Dark bronze with metallic sheen, shiny, dorsum with setigerous punctures bearing an extremely short simple seta (50×), underside, tarsi and antennae reddish-brown, setation yellowish.
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FC6DABA51D079688" box="[1011,1069,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: W/L ratio = 1.42; clypeal apex obtuse, apical projection hardly appreciable; dorsal ocular area small, interocular distance about 13 times the maximum width of dorsal ocular area, ventral ocular area medium-sized, head dorsal surface with disc covered by sparse strongly impressed simple punctation, becoming comma-shaped centrifugally. Comma-shaped punctures small-sized at base and sides, larger near fore margin. Fore margin with some transverse large comma-shaped punctures. Interpunctural distance of simple and comma-shaped punctures once or twice larger than punctural diameter. Vertex with a transverse line shortly interrupt- ed multiple times.
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FB9DA9241D449408" box="[1027,1134,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
: subrectangular (W/L ratio = 1.83), regularly convex (not saddle-shaped in lateral view), disc covered by dense transverse comma-shaped punctures larger than the ones on head, sides covered by small horseshoe-shaped punctures with opening directed outwards, apart from a narrow longitudinal smooth area. Interpunctural distance shorter than punctural diameter.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC5114BFFF3FCAEA9C51AB09528" box="[816,922,1780,1804]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FCAEA9C51AB09528" box="[816,922,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Scutellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: covered by several small impressed transverse comma-shaped punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A91854114BFFF3FBCDA8251DBC9508" box="[1107,1174,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="122">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
: longer than wide (W/L ratio = 0.91); subrectangular (dorsal view); inferior sutural stria reaching the humeral area; humeral callus indistinct; elytral surface regularly convex, covered by an undefined number of longitudinal rows of punctures (striae). Punctures short, transversely oriented comma-shaped near base and sides of elytra, becoming longitudinally orient- ed comma-shaped on medial third and horseshoe-shaped with a broad opening directed backwards on distal third. Elytral punctation impressed as pronotal one. Intersitrae barely discernable, smooth, at distal third raised and cariniform, with at least eight irregular apical carinae visible; the most external apical carina weakly bisinuate apically.
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FF45AEE4180C93C8" box="[219,294,469,492]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
flightless (brachypterous).
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FDC4AEE51BD693C8" box="[602,764,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: aedeagus (L =
|
||
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FEA9AEC518A69028" box="[311,396,500,524]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with parameres as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C31148FFF0FD1CAEC51BF99028" box="[642,723,500,524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[147,177,1885,1904]" captionTargetBox="[171,1427,173,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-13@42.[146,1452,163,1861]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 30 – Aedeagi and spicula gastrales, a–c, Synarmostes aes sp. nov., holotype; d–f, Synarmostes separatus sp. nov., holotype; g–i, Synarmostes compactus sp. nov., holotype; j–l, Synarmostes fortis sp. nov., holotype; m–o, Synarmostes makirovanae sp. nov., holotype; p–r, Synarmostes lavasoae sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764233/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Figs 30</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b, spiculum gastrale (L = 1.0 mm) as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C31148FFF0FDB2AD251BA79008" box="[556,653,532,556]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[147,177,1885,1904]" captionTargetBox="[171,1427,173,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-13@42.[146,1452,163,1861]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 30 – Aedeagi and spicula gastrales, a–c, Synarmostes aes sp. nov., holotype; d–f, Synarmostes separatus sp. nov., holotype; g–i, Synarmostes compactus sp. nov., holotype; j–l, Synarmostes fortis sp. nov., holotype; m–o, Synarmostes makirovanae sp. nov., holotype; p–r, Synarmostes lavasoae sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764233/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Fig. 30 c</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD1148FFF0FF23AD051B7B9048" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8762C4461148FFF0FF23AD051B7B9048" blockId="18.[151,773,180,876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FF23AD0518149068" bold="true" box="[189,318,564,588]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Noun in apposition. Latin noun meaning “bronze”, due to the colour of this beetle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD1148FFF0FF09AD451B3E9148" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8762C4461148FFF0FF09AD451B3E9148" blockId="18.[151,773,180,876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FF09AD4518EB90A8" bold="true" box="[151,449,628,652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="58667AE41148FFF0FD4BAD441A2990A9" box="[725,771,629,653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFCA84D61148FFF0FEF6ADA518C19088" box="[360,491,660,684]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="58667AE41148FFF0FDB7ADA41B7D9089" box="[553,599,661,685]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series was collected by sifting leaf litter in rainforest. The vegetation cover consists of “medium altitude moist evergreen forest” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E34CB9B71148FFF0FF51ADC5189E9128" author="Goodman S. M. & Raherilalao M. J. & Wohlhauser S." box="[207,436,756,780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" refId="ref102713" refString="Goodman S. M., Raherilalao M. J., Wohlhauser S. (eds). 2018. Les aires potegees terrestres de Madagascar: leur histoire, description et biote / The terrestrial protected areas of Madagascar: their history, description and biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo. 1716 pp." type="book" year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also known as “humid forest” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E34CB9B71148FFF0FF00AC2518549108" author="Moat J. & Smith P." box="[158,382,788,812]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" refId="ref103114" refString="Moat J., Smith P. 2007. Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew 124 pp." type="book" year="2007">Moat & Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The collecting locality falls within the protected area “Paysage harmonieux protegé du corridor forestier Ambositra-Vondrozo”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |