treatments-xml/data/03/DD/87/03DD87BC4D63FFF40B1AFAD0FBECFC09.xml

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<mods:title id="3D6D43B307E49C8F721662312FC3FE39">The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E497F1E247473228DEA10D0BF87E0EF7">Bergqvist, Lílian Paglarelli</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="06E4420DC9D15812165C6002B96C088A">Departamento de Geologia / IGEO / CCMN / UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, 21949 - 940 (Brazil) bergqvist @ ufrj. br</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E6D8960E0EAC3C89F12DDAD41DDD791F">Abrantes, Érika Aparecida Leite</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="66245BBB062710849756F3EFDBAF947B">Departamento de Geologia / IGEO / CCMN / UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, 21949 - 940 (Brazil)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD28F667B0BFD86AC08293218DA66EB3">Avilla, Leonardo dos Santos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7F0F37EDA32D14EC1AA6C51A0517BC19">Departamento de Geologia / IGEO / CCMN / UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, 21949 - 940 (Brazil) and Setor de Herpetologia, Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, 20940 - 040 (Brazil).</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36AA4D63FFF50B1AFAD0FD96FA29" blockId="2.[270,565,1385,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D63FFF50B1AFAD0FD96FA29" authority="Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist, 1998" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Riostegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanei">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D63FFF50B1AFAD0FDBBFA0F" bold="true" box="[298,536,1385,1413]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Riostegotherium yanei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B5B4D63FFF50B3EFA30FD96FA29" author="BERGQVIST L. P. &amp; OLIVEIRA E. V." box="[270,565,1419,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" pagination="153" refId="ref6756" refString="BERGQVIST L. P. &amp; OLIVEIRA E. V. 1998. - Comments on the xenarthran astragali from the Itaborai Basin (middle Paleocene) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Geologica Lilloana 18 (1): 153, 154." type="journal article" year="1998">Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36AA4D63FFF50AA7FA78FE5FF9CD" blockId="2.[151,684,1475,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
REFERRED MATERIAL. — Buckler osteoderms (MCN- PV 1774 [
<typeStatus id="54CF88084D63FFF50B36FA66FECEFA79" box="[262,365,1501,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
], 1775); 
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CF74D63FFF50BE1FA66FD04F9A4" collectionCode="MCT, MLP" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" specimenCode="MCT 2081, MLP 75, UFRJ-DG 317" specimenCount="1">
movable osteoderms (MCN-PV 1776, 1778, 1779, 
<specimenCode id="DBD29ED14D63FFF50BE4FA4CFDEFF983" box="[468,588,1527,1551]" collectionCode="MCT" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">MCT 2081</specimenCode>
-M, 
<specimenCode id="DBD29ED14D63FFF50848FA4DFF11F9A4" collectionCode="MLP" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">MLP 75</specimenCode>
-XII-26-1, 
<specimenCode id="DBD29ED14D63FFF50B10F9B4FED5F9A4" box="[288,374,1551,1576]" collectionCode="MLP" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">MLP 75</specimenCode>
-XII-26-2, 
<specimenCode id="DBD29ED14D63FFF50BD6F9ABFD23F9A4" box="[486,640,1552,1576]" collectionCode="UFRJ-DG" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">UFRJ-DG 317</specimenCode>
-M)
</materialsCitation>
; caudal osteoderm (MCN-PV 1777).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E65214D63FFF50AA7F9E8FCD5FCF0" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCB36AA4D63FFF50AA7F9E8FCD5FCF0" blockId="2.[151,684,1475,1669]" lastBlockId="2.[714,1247,791,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">
DIAGNOSIS (emended from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B5B4D63FFF50BF7F9E8FF6EF909" author="BERGQVIST L. P. &amp; OLIVEIRA E. V." pageId="2" pageNumber="325" pagination="153" refId="ref6756" refString="BERGQVIST L. P. &amp; OLIVEIRA E. V. 1998. - Comments on the xenarthran astragali from the Itaborai Basin (middle Paleocene) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Geologica Lilloana 18 (1): 153, 154." type="journal article" year="1998">Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist 1998</bibRefCitation>
). — Differs from all known early Tertiary astegotheriines in having more than 10 pits in the groove around the main figure on buckler osteoderms (25 pits on the 
<typeStatus id="54CF88084D63FFF50929FCF0FCD9FCEF" box="[793,890,843,867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, MCN-PV 1774; and 16 pits on MCN-PV 1775).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E65214D63FFF408FAFC11FBECFC09" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36AA4D63FFF508FAFC11FCF8FC4E" blockId="2.[714,1247,938,1669]" box="[714,859,938,964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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The former description of the osteoderms (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B5B4D63FFF508E2FC50FBABFB89" author="BERGQVIST L. P. &amp; OLIVEIRA E. V." box="[722,1032,1003,1029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" pagination="153" refId="ref6756" refString="BERGQVIST L. P. &amp; OLIVEIRA E. V. 1998. - Comments on the xenarthran astragali from the Itaborai Basin (middle Paleocene) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Geologica Lilloana 18 (1): 153, 154." type="journal article" year="1998">Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist 1998</bibRefCitation>
) is partly repeated here, with additions and comments. No articulat- ed osteoderms were preserved. The buckler osteoderms are larger than the movable ones, sub-rectangular in shape and bear more than 10 pits in the groove around the main figure (
<figureCitation id="134F2A2F4D63FFF508E2FB10FCB2FB49" box="[722,785,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[151,162,678,695]" captionTargetBox="[149,1207,151,670]" captionTargetId="figure-330@2.[149,1207,151,670]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Riostegotherium yanei Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist, 1998, dorsal view of buckler osteoderms; A, holotype (MCN-PV 1774); B, MCN-PV 1775; a, main figure; b, peripheral figures; c, pits. Modified from Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist 1998. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5375884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5375884/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In comparison with buckler osteoderms of other astegotheriines, 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D63FFF509E3FB70FB16FB6F" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist" authorityYear="1998" box="[979,1205,1226,1253]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Riostegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanei">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D63FFF509E3FB70FB16FB6F" box="[979,1205,1226,1253]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Riostegotherium yanei</emphasis>
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has the largest number of foramina for the tribe. The lateral and medial borders are slightly concave and smooth. The anterior and posterior borders are irregular; the posterior has a U shaped concavity when viewed internally. The anterior border has a small, weakly defined articulation zone. The external surface is very punctated and bears fine irregularities; in combination with the presence of small depressions, these irregularities give the surface a slightly wrinkled appearance, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D63FFF5093EF990FB0BF9C9" authority="Ameghino, 1902" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1902" box="[782,1192,1579,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Prostegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D63FFF5093EF990FC6DF9C9" box="[782,974,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Prostegotherium</emphasis>
Ameghino, 1902
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D63FFF508FAF9F1FBA5F9E9" authority="Vizcaino, 1994" authorityName="Vizcaino" authorityYear="1994" box="[714,1030,1610,1637]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Stegosimpsonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D63FFF508FAF9F1FCFDF9E8" box="[714,862,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="325">Stegosimpsonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B5B4D63FFF50954F9F0FBA5F9E9" author="VIZCAINO S. F." box="[868,1030,1611,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="325" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref8304" refString="VIZCAINO S. F. 1994. - Sistematica y anatomia de los Astegotheriini Ameghino, 1906 (Nuevo rango) (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae, Dasypodinae). Ameghiniana 31 (1): 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="1994">Vizcaíno, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The main figure has an inverted U-shape, with a subcircular anterior outline, and covers almost the whole osteoderm surface, a very characteristic feature of some genera of the tribe (
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40BBDFB30FDE4FB29" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1902" box="[397,583,1163,1189]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Prostegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40BBDFB30FDE4FB29" box="[397,583,1163,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Prostegotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF4086AFB31FE62FB49" authority="Ameghino, 1902" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Astegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF4086AFB31FF53FB49" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Astegotherium</emphasis>
Ameghino, 1902
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40BE0FB11FDD4FB48" authorityName="Vizcaino" authorityYear="1994" box="[464,631,1194,1220]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Stegosimpsonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40BE0FB11FDD4FB48" box="[464,631,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Stegosimpsonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40AA7FB70FD8AFB69" authority="Carlini, Vizcaino" authorityName="Carlini, Vizcaino" box="[151,553,1227,1253]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Nanoastegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40AA7FB70FEC1FB69" box="[151,354,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Nanoastegotherium</emphasis>
Carlini, Vizcaíno
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Scillato- Yané, 1997). It is limited by a shallow groove with 16 to 25 pits. Although the anterior outline of the main figure varies slightly, it is never triangular as in some 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40B6CFAF0FDA2FAE9" authorityName="Vizcaino" authorityYear="1994" box="[348,513,1355,1381]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Astegotheriini">Astegotheriini</taxonomicName>
. Its U-shape is very similar to the osteoderms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40836FAD0FD0FFA09" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1902" box="[518,684,1387,1413]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Prostegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40836FAD0FD0FFA09" box="[518,684,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Prostegotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40AFEFA30FE16FA29" box="[206,437,1419,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Nanoastegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40AFEFA30FE16FA29" box="[206,437,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Nanoastegotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Two to four small peripheral figures are present, limited by shallow radial grooves with at least two pits, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40AA7FA50FE9DF989" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,318,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Prostegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40AA7FA50FE9DF989" box="[151,318,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Prostegotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A well developed central keel is present on the external surface of the main figure, noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B5B4D62FFF40B32F990FE16F9C9" author="VIZCAINO S. F." box="[258,437,1579,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref8304" refString="VIZCAINO S. F. 1994. - Sistematica y anatomia de los Astegotheriini Ameghino, 1906 (Nuevo rango) (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae, Dasypodinae). Ameghiniana 31 (1): 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="1994">Vizcaíno (1994)</bibRefCitation>
as one of the synapomorphies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40B14F9F0FE62F9E9" authorityName="Vizcaino" authorityYear="1994" box="[292,449,1611,1637]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Astegotheriini">Astegotheriini</taxonomicName>
. The internal surface of the osteoderms is smooth and slightly concave. No foramina of the piliferous system are observed in the posterior border.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36AA4D62FFF408FAFF50FCC8FD29" blockId="3.[714,1247,170,901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
The typical movable osteoderms vary in shape, ranging from sub-quadrangular to sub-rectangular (
<figureCitation id="134F2A2F4D62FFF408C9FE90FCE3FEC9" box="[761,832,299,325]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[151,162,962,979]" captionTargetBox="[189,644,169,928]" captionTargetId="figure-456@3.[189,644,167,928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Riostegotherium yanei Oliveira &amp; Bergqvist, 1998, dorsal view of a movable osteoderm (UFRJ-DG 317-M). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5375886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5375886/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), which is characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40EB0FE91FCAFFEE9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dasypodidae</taxonomicName>
. The anterior articular surface is poorly developed, and the external surface resembles that of the buckler osteoderms. The main figure has a subcircular anterior outline, but with a reduced number of pits (seven to 12) which is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40973FE50FC56FD89" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1902" box="[835,1013,491,517]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Prostegotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40973FE50FC56FD89" box="[835,1013,491,517]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Prostegotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40E02FE51FB74FD88" authorityName="Vizcaino" authorityYear="1994" box="[1074,1239,490,516]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Stegosimpsonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40E02FE51FB74FD88" box="[1074,1239,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Stegosimpsonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The external surface also bears a well developed central keel. No foramina are present on the posterior border. The internal side of the posterior border is moderately inclined toward the edge of the osteoderm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36AA4D62FFF408FAFD10FBECFC09" blockId="3.[714,1247,170,901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">
The shape of the osteoderm MCN-PV 1777 resembles caudal osteoderms of the extant dasypodid 
<taxonomicName id="4C744D294D62FFF40925FD51FCCEFC8F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[789,877,746,771]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Dasypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="3" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAB84D62FFF40925FD51FCCEFC8F" box="[789,877,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="326">Dasypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from typical movable osteoderms in: articular surface more developed laterally, smoother external surface, pits more widely spaced in the groove limiting the main figure, and a sharp posterior border.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>