278 lines
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278 lines
35 KiB
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FBA4E159830AF9A2" author="Viguier, C." box="[1115,1305,1537,1561]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="33 - 250" refId="ref64529" refString="Viguier, C. (1879) Anatomie comparee du squelette des Stellerides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 7, 33 - 250." type="journal article" year="1879">Viguier 1879: 138</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FADAE15986E3F983" author="Bell, F. J." page="140" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FADAE15986E3F983" author="Bell, F. J." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="140 - 142" refId="ref55204" refString="Bell, F. J. (1881 a) A note on the characters of the genus Crossaster with the description of a new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 8 (44), 140 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938109487428" type="journal article" year="1881">Bell 1881a: 140</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FDCCE14784CAF983" author="Perrier, E." box="[563,729,1567,1592]" page="40" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FDCCE14784CAF983" author="Perrier, E." box="[563,729,1567,1592]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref62589" refString="Perrier, E. (1896) Contribution a l'etude des Stellerides de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco, 11, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1896">Perrier 1896: 40</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FD1CE1478583F983" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[739,912,1567,1592]" page="389" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FD1CE1478583F983" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[739,912,1567,1592]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref57712" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76 (xiii), 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911: 389</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FC65E147825BF98C" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[922,1096,1567,1592]" page="258" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FC65E147825BF98C" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[922,1096,1567,1592]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref64448" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska series: US National Museum, 14, 1 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 25926" type="journal article" year="1914">Verrill 1914: 258</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FBADE1478313F983" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1106,1280,1567,1592]" page="447" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FBADE1478313F983" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1106,1280,1567,1592]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref57816" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1916) Notes on the systematic position of certain genera and higher groups of starfishes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1916">Fisher 1916: 447</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FAF5E14786E3F9ED" author="Hayashi, R." page="297" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FAF5E14786E3F9ED" author="Hayashi, R." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="297 - 311" refId="ref58520" refString="Hayashi, R. (1939) Solasterids in Japanese waters. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Hokkaido Imperial University, Zoology, 6, 297 - 311." type="journal article" year="1939">Hayashi 1939: 297</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FF04E166874EF9ED" author="Hayashi, R." box="[251,349,1598,1622]" page="186" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1940">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FF04E166874EF9ED" author="Hayashi, R." box="[251,349,1598,1622]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="107 - 204" refId="ref58551" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the Classification of the sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (7), 107 - 204." type="journal article" year="1940">1940:186</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FE97E166843DF9ED" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[360,558,1598,1622]" page="71" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FE97E166843DF9ED" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[360,558,1598,1622]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref57352" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Morskie Zvezdy Morei SSSR T U, 34, 1 - 203. [translated as Dyakonov, A. M. (1968) s. n. In: Strelkov, A. A. (Ed.), Sea stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the USSR. Vol. 34. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Israel Program for scientific translations Ltd., Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 183.]" type="book chapter" year="1950">Djakonov 1950: 71</bibRefCitation>
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; H.E.S.
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FD7DE166850FF9ED" author="Clark, H. E. S." box="[642,796,1598,1622]" page="55" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1963">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FCD8E1668256F9ED" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[807,1093,1598,1623]" page="296" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1992">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661AFFC8FF68E1058418F9CE" authority="Gray 1840: 183" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="183" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,523,1629,1653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Polyaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661AFFC8FF68E10586F9F9CE" box="[151,234,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Solaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661AFFC8FF06E1058749F9CE" box="[249,346,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Polyaster</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FE96E1058418F9CE" author="Gray, J. E." box="[361,523,1629,1653]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref58415" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) XXXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184 + 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840: 183</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661AFFC8FF68E12387F2F92F" blockId="43.[151,1437,1504,1684]" box="[151,481,1659,1684]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D0661AFFC8FF68E12387F2F92F" box="[151,481,1659,1684]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661AFFC8FF68E12386F9F928" ID-CoL="7PZV5" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,234,1659,1683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661AFFC8FF68E12386F9F928" box="[151,234,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Solaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF661AFFC8FED0E12387CEF92F" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[303,477,1659,1684]" page="389" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1911">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FED0E12387CEF92F" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[303,477,1659,1684]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref57712" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76 (xiii), 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911: 389</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706575661AFFC8FF68E1998440F8F3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661AFFC8FF68E1998719F960" blockId="43.[151,1437,1729,1864]" box="[151,266,1729,1755]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661AFFC8FF68E1998719F960" bold="true" box="[151,266,1729,1755]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661AFFC8FF38E1BE8440F8F3" blockId="43.[151,1437,1729,1864]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Arms 8–15, disk broad. Abactinal skeleton openly reticulate with elongate paxillae, widely spaced. Spinelets pronounced and brush-like. Single series of marginals forming distinct periphery. Actinal plates confined to disk. (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FEB5E0768458F8F3" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[330,587,1838,1864]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref56430" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706575661AFFCFFF68E02D8259FE4E" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661AFFC8FF68E02D870BF834" blockId="43.[151,1436,1909,2008]" box="[151,280,1909,1935]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661AFFC8FF68E02D870BF834" bold="true" box="[151,280,1909,1935]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661AFFCFFF38E0C285CEFEA6" blockId="43.[151,1436,1909,2008]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661AFFC8FF38E0C2872CF80F" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[199,319,1946,1972]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661AFFC8FF38E0C2872CF80F" box="[199,319,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Crossaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a genus containing 10 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661AFFC8FD4EE0C28537F80F" author="Mah, C. L." box="[689,804,1946,1972]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref60447" refString="Mah, C. L. (2021) World Asteroidea Database. Solasteridae Viguier, 1878. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / asteroidea / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 123143 (accessed 15 November 2022)" type="url" year="2021">Mah 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from cold-water and temperate water settings, including six species from Northern Hemisphere boreal habitats, one deep-sea species from the central Pacific and 3 species from high-latitude settings in the Southern Hemisphere. The North Pacific/North Atlantic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFADBE7CF87DDFF6E" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="papposus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFADBE7CF8712FF6F" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster papposus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFEECE7E387D5FF6E" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[275,454,187,213]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="533 - 1327" refId="ref59777" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) s. n. In: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. 12 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 1 - 532 [1766] & pp. 533 - 1327 [1767]." type="journal article" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows predatory habits with a wide range of prey, including gastropod and bivalve mollusks, cnidarians, and echinoderms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFDABE78784E6FF42" author="Jangoux, M." box="[596,757,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref58791" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Little is known regarding other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFB9AE7878327FF42" box="[1125,1332,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFB9AE78782CEFF42" box="[1125,1245,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
although their feeding habits are likely comparable to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFD12E65B85C5FEA7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[749,982,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="papposus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFD12E65B85C5FEA7" box="[749,982,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster papposus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661DFFCFFF38E67F8770FE6A" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Historically, three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFDD2E67F84B6FEFA" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[557,677,295,321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFDD2E67F84B6FEFA" box="[557,677,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reported from Southern Hemisphere high-latitude settings,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFF68E6138425FEDE" authority="Sladen, 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,566,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFF68E6138788FEDE" box="[151,411,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster penicillatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFE5CE6138425FEDE" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[419,566,331,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref63413" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661DFFCFFD82E613851EFEDE" box="[637,781,331,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent southern Indian Ocean settings (A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFAA1E61386C3FE32" author="Clark, A. M." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and two South Pacific species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFDB6E6378231FE32" authority="McKnight, 1973" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1973" box="[585,1058,367,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="campbellicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFDB6E637854DFE32" box="[585,862,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster campbellicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFC98E6378231FE32" author="McKnight, D. G." box="[871,1058,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref61306" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1973) Additions to the asteroid fauna of New Zealand: families Radiasteridae, Solasteridae, Pterasteridae, Asterinidae, Ganeriidae and Echinasteridae. NZOI Records, 2 (1), 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1973">McKnight, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFBA2E6378733FE16" authority="H. L. Clark, 1916" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1916" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multispinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFBA2E6378373FE32" box="[1117,1376,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster multispinus</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFF68E6CB8733FE16" author="Clark, H. L." box="[151,288,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref56764" refString="Clark, H. L. (1916) Report on the sea-lilies, starfishes, brittle-stars and sea-urchins obtained by the F. I. S. Endeavour on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Biological Results of the Fishing experiments carried on by the F. I. S. Endeavour 1909 - 1914, 4 (1), 1 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13854" type="journal article" year="1916">Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also reported from the Kermadec Islands, the Campbell Plateau, and southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661DFFCFFAC9E6CB838EFE16" box="[1334,1437,403,429]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFF60E6EF874BFE6A" author="McKnight, D. G." box="[159,344,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref61422" refString="McKnight, D. G. (2006) The marine fauna of New Zealand, Echinodermata: Asteroidea (Sea- stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 120, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2006">McKnight 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661DFFCFFF38E6838259FE4E" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,1098,475,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Herein, a further South Pacific species is described and another is synonymized.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3706575661DFFCFFF68E57B838FFC9D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661DFFCFFF68E57B8488FD87" blockId="44.[151,1436,546,660]" box="[151,667,546,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFF68E57B8488FD87" bold="true" box="[151,667,546,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFF12E57B87ACFD87" box="[237,447,546,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFF12E57B8775FD86" bold="true" box="[237,358,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at High-Latitudes
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661DFFCFFF68E51C838FFDCD" blockId="44.[151,1436,546,660]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
(0) Abactinal paxillae, 20–40, inferomarginal paxillae each with 10–20 spines. Actinal plates bearing 10–15 spines..............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFB40E5398372FDCD" ID-CoL="aceb44d0-24b6-45ba-8d19-d7132a7a8262" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1215,1377,609,630]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="taitai" status="sp. nov.">Crossaster taitai</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D5797661DFFCFFA99E539838FFDCD" box="[1382,1436,609,630]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFA99E5398384FDCD" bold="true" box="[1382,1431,609,630]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661DFFCFFF68E526838FFD28" blockId="44.[151,1436,546,660]" box="[151,1436,638,660]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">(0) Abactinal paxillae, 2–18 (mostly 2–5), inferomarginal paxillae with spines 8–30. Actinal plates with 2–4 spines.......... (1)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661DFFCFFF68E5E1838FFD50" blockId="44.[151,1437,697,807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
(1) Subambulacral spines, 3–5 mostly 3–4. Superomarginals present, similar to abactinal paxillae and placed just above inferomarginals. Known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661DFFCFFDC8E58F84AFFD57" box="[567,700,726,748]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFBF3E58F838FFD50" ID-CoL="ZLMW" authority="McKnight, 1973" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1973" box="[1036,1436,726,748]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="campbellicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFBF3E58F82EBFD50" box="[1036,1272,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster campbellicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFB01E58E838FFD50" author="McKnight, D. G." box="[1278,1436,726,748]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref61306" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1973) Additions to the asteroid fauna of New Zealand: families Radiasteridae, Solasteridae, Pterasteridae, Asterinidae, Ganeriidae and Echinasteridae. NZOI Records, 2 (1), 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1973">McKnight, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661DFFCFFF68E5AC838FFC9D" blockId="44.[151,1437,697,807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
(1’) Subambulacral spines 5 to 8, mostly 7–8. Small ovoid superomarginals plates alternating with larger inferomarginals. Known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661DFFCFFEE8E4498780FC9C" box="[279,403,785,807]" name="South Africa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Indian Ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661DFFCFFDD7E4498491FC9C" box="[552,642,785,807]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661DFFCFFD73E4498503FC9C" box="[652,784,785,807]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661DFFCFFBC3E449838FFC9D" ID-CoL="ZLN8" authority="Sladen, 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1084,1436,785,807]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661DFFCFFBC3E449830AFC9D" box="[1084,1305,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Crossaster penicillatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661DFFCFFAE0E449838FFC9D" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[1311,1436,785,807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref63413" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |