283 lines
29 KiB
XML
283 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1038212" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5d8103a-3589-4d3f-a11b-a2f6366135cf" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1038212" approvalRequired="123" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="123" checkinTime="1509026046185" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Carpenter, K." docDate="1992" docId="C3598789457BFFFD3D73363B0DCD4815" docLanguage="en" docName="Carpenter_1992_Tyrannosaurids(almost done).pdf.imf" docOrigin="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology, Beijing: China Ocean Press" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Maleevosaurus novojilovi Carpenter 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="31" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="3F60FFF1457DFFFA3C0B350408274D37" masterDocTitle="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="250" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1673700490250" updateUser="jeremy">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Carpenter, K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>1992</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1992-12-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>China Ocean Press</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Beijing</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Mateer, N. J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Chen, P. - J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>250</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>268</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1038212</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e5d8103a-3589-4d3f-a11b-a2f6366135cf</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1038212</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4570392" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135476418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4570392" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3598789457BFFFD3D73363B0DCD4815" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3598789457BFFFD3D73363B0DCD4815" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[376,1432,831,876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[194,1267,828,975]" box="[376,1432,831,876]" lastBlockId="6.[1297,1432,829,876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Maleev) 1955" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1992" baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[376,1404,831,876]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[376,761,831,876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Maleevosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
novojilovi
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1062,1267,831,876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maleev, E." box="[1077,1404,831,876]" journalOrPublisher="Dokladi Akademii Nauk S. S. S. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="634 - 637" part="104" refString="Maleev, E., 1955 a, Gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia: Dokladi Akademii Nauk S. S. S. R., v. 104, p. 634 - 637." title="Gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1955">Maleev) 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
b
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[802,1006,890,926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[194,1267,828,975]" box="[802,1006,890,926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[802,947,890,926]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="15.[186,268,2285,2312]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of tyrannosaurid skulls: A-Tyrannosaurus rex AMNH 5027 (modified from Osborn, 1912); B-Tyrannosaurus bataar holotype PIN 551-1, with missing areas restored after PIN 551-3 and GI SPS 100/59 (from photographs,Maleev, 1974 and Barsbold,1983);C-Maleevosaurus novojilovi holotype PIN 552-2 (modified from Maleev, 1974);D-Albertosaurus sarcophagus AMNH 5222, with lower jaws based on NMC 5600 and NMC 5601 (modified from photographs and Lambe, 1904);E-Albertosaurus libratus(modified from Russell, 1970); F-? Albertosaurus lancensis holotype CMNH 7541, composite of the left and right side (modified from photographs);G-Daspletosaurus torosus(modified from Russell, 1970 and photographs of NMC 8506). All drawn to scale;scale beneath Tyrannosaurus rex = 10 cm ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2843437/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[954,1006,890,926]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="18.[189,271,2303,2329]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of tyrannosaurid skeletons: A-Tyrannosaurus rex(based on drawings and photographs of AMNH 5027 and CM 9380);B-Tyrannosaurus bataar (based on photographs of PIN 552-1,a young adult);C- Maleevosaurus novojilovi (modified from Maleev, 1974);D-Albertosaurus sarcophagus (skeleton based on photographs and drawings of ROM 807,with the skull based on photographs and drawings of AMNH 5222,NMC 5600 and NMC 5601); E- Albertosaurus libratus (skeleton modified from Lambe, 1914,and skull modified from Russell, 1970);F-Daspletosaurus torosus (modified from Russell, 1970). All drawn to scale;height of scale beneath Tyrannosaurus rex tail = 1 m ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2843449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[194,851,939,975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[194,1267,828,975]" box="[194,851,939,975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis box="[194,596,939,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Maleev 1955 b" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[233,851,939,975]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
Gorgosaurus novojilovi
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maleev, E." box="[610,851,939,975]" journalOrPublisher="Dokladi Akademii Nauk S. S. S. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="779 - 782" part="104" refString="------, 1955 b, New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia: Dokladi Akademii Nauk S. S. S. R., v. 104, p. 779 - 782." title="New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Maleev 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[189,1038,1037,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,356,1037,1072]" box="[189,1038,1037,1073]" lastBlockId="6.[406,1038,1037,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675757333" box="[189,1033,1037,1073]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Mongolia" formation="Nemegt Formation" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" preperations="partial skull" specimenCode="PIN 552-2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[189,356,1037,1072]" fontSize="10" level="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,356,1037,1072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[189,349,1037,1072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[406,591,1037,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">PIN 552-2</specimenCode>
|
||
partial skull and skeleton
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1619,1133,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,364,1134,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
(Cranial) Maxillary fenestra small; pro-maxillary fenestra not visible laterally; antorbital fenestra proportionally very large,and much longer than high; lacrymal horn moderately developed, not rugose; postorbital not very rugose; lower ramus of maxilla low and slender; jugal slender resulting in a very large orbit; dentary slender. (Postcranial) Cervical neural spines tall, not as reduced as in other tyrannosaurids. Acromion process of scapula virtually non-existant. Ischium has a very pronounced spur-like obturator process, and distally, the shaft curves downward. Metatarsal IV does not overlap metatarsal III at midshaft, nor does metatarsal III have much of an overlap of metatarsal II at midshaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[189,1058,1619,1704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,1058,1619,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Stratigraphic and Palaeobiogeographic Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Nemegt Formation,Mongolian People’s Republic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1619,1765,2578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,379,1765,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
That
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1992" box="[546,777,1765,1801]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,777,1765,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Maleevosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a tyrannosaurid is indicated by the slightly opisthocoelous cervical centra, didactyl manus, anteroposteriorly compressed, broad cervicals,well developed anterior foot of the pubis,and broad and tall ascending process of the astragulus. Originally, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[861,1002,1910,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1992" box="[1078,1309,1910,1946]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1078,1309,1910,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Maleevosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was one of four species of tyrannosaurid named by Maleev from Mongolia. He had named it
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Maleev, 1955 b)" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Gorgosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
novojilovi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maleev, E." box="[524,783,2008,2044]" journalOrPublisher="Dokladi Akademii Nauk S. S. S. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="779 - 782" part="104" refString="------, 1955 b, New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia: Dokladi Akademii Nauk S. S. S. R., v. 104, p. 779 - 782." title="New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">Maleev, 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,but because of its small size (femur length
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="560.0">560 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rozhdestvensky, A." box="[313,762,2055,2091]" journalOrPublisher="paleontologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="95 - 109" refString="Rozhdestvensky, A., 1965, Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy. paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, p. 95 - 109." title="Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy" type="book chapter" year="1965">Rozhdestvensky (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered it a juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1298,1492,2055,2091]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">= Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[447,552,2105,2141]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">bataar.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gradzinski and others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gradzinski, R. & Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. & Maryanska, T." box="[984,1082,2105,2141]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Geologica Polonica" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="281 - 317" part="27" refString="Gradzinski, R., Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. and Maryanska, T., 1977, Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivisions: Acta Geologica Polonica, v. 27, p. 281 - 317." title="Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivisions" type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osmolska, H." box="[1198,1505,2105,2141]" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe de Geologique de France" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" pagination="145 - 150" part="139" refString="Osmolska, H., 1980, The Late Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Memoires de la Societe de Geologique de France, v. 139, p. 145 - 150." title="The Late Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia." type="journal article" year="1980">Osmolska (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the third metatarsal was considerably more slender than in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1254,1394,2153,2189]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1254,1394,2153,2189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">T. bataar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,and doubted that this was a juvenile character. They referred to the specimen as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1388,1611,2201,2237]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">’Gorgosaurus’</emphasis>
|
||
novojilovi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1619,1765,2578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
In order to determine if
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[688,1066,2298,2334]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[688,1066,2298,2334]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">’Gorgosaurus’ novojilovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1301,1450,2298,2334]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1301,1450,2298,2334]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">T. bataar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comparisons were made to the similarities and differences between an adult and juvenile
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These were
|
||
<collectionCode box="[723,845,2395,2431]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
5458,with a femur length of
|
||
<quantity box="[1376,1553,2395,2431]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="1025.0">1025 mm</quantity>
|
||
,and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[189,311,2445,2481]" collectionName="USA, New York, New York, American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
5664, with a femur length of
|
||
<quantity box="[864,1014,2445,2481]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Comparisons were also made to a growth series of skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[628,769,2493,2529]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
|
||
<emphasis box="[628,769,2493,2529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">T. bataar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[803,911,2493,2529]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="17.[170,253,2251,2278]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 4. Growth series for skulls of Tarbosaurus bataar: A-PIN 551-1 (holotype) with missing areas reconstructed from PIN 551-3 and GI SPS 100/59 (from photographs,Maleev, 1974,and Barsbold 1980);B-PIN 551-3 (holotype of Tyrannosaurus bataar) (from photographs and Maleev, 1974; the posterior margins of the squamosal and quadratojugal are apparently incomplete or curved away from the viewer, hence the different shape of these bones compared to the other skulls);C-GI SPS 100/59 (modified from Barsbold, 1980);D-PIN 552-2 (holotype of Gorgosaurus lancinator) (modified from Maleev, 1974). All skulls to scale;scale under A= 10cm ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2843447/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[188,1619,1765,2578]" lastBlockId="7.[132,1568,309,1314]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">
|
||
In the juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[546,766,2541,2577]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="6" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,766,2541,2577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="256">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lacrymal horn is already well developed and the jugal proportionally large. In
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[699,850,309,345]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
|
||
<emphasis box="[699,850,309,345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">T. bataar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is also no change in development of the lacrymal horn and in size of the jugal. Therefore, the moderately developed lacrymal horn and the slenderness of the jugal in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[910,1130,405,441]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis box="[921,950,405,441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">G</emphasis>
|
||
.’
|
||
<emphasis box="[974,1130,405,441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">novojilovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<emphasis box="[1211,1264,405,441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">not</emphasis>
|
||
considered juvenile features. Furthermore, no change occurs in the relative size of the antorbital fenestra in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[269,410,503,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
|
||
<emphasis box="[269,410,503,539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">T. bataar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from juvenile to adult, indicating that the large size of the antorbital fenestra in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[356,586,550,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis box="[371,400,550,586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">G</emphasis>
|
||
.’
|
||
<emphasis box="[431,586,550,586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">novojilovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also not a juvenile feature. However,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1353,1550,550,586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">contrary to</emphasis>
|
||
Gradzinski and others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gradzinski, R. & Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. & Maryanska, T." box="[537,632,600,636]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Geologica Polonica" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" pagination="281 - 317" part="27" refString="Gradzinski, R., Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. and Maryanska, T., 1977, Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivisions: Acta Geologica Polonica, v. 27, p. 281 - 317." title="Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivisions" type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osmolska, H." box="[741,1059,600,636]" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe de Geologique de France" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" pagination="145 - 150" part="139" refString="Osmolska, H., 1980, The Late Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Memoires de la Societe de Geologique de France, v. 139, p. 145 - 150." title="The Late Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia." type="journal article" year="1980">Osmolska (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,it is possible that the slenderness of the third metatarsal is a juvenile character,as this metatarsal is considerably more slender in the juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[629,843,695,731]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[629,843,695,731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in the adult. It
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1211,1238,695,731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">is</emphasis>
|
||
possible, however, that this is not the case in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[670,901,744,780]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[670,901,744,780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens available to Gradzinski and others and Osmolska,but their observations have not yet been published.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[132,1568,309,1314]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
|
||
It is clear from the above analysis, that except for possibly the slenderness of the third metatarsal,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[432,670,890,926]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,474,890,926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[494,670,890,926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">’novojilovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a juvenile
|
||
<emphasis box="[986,1140,890,926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[986,1136,890,926]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">T. bataar</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">‘G. ’novojilovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be referred to the genus
|
||
<emphasis box="[766,1269,938,974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[766,980,938,974]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[1058,1258,938,974]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gorgosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,nor to any other known genus of tyrannosaurid because of the large size of the antorbital fenestra, slenderness of the jugal, the very well developed obturator process, and sharply downward curved ischium. For this reason,it is best to assign
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1186,1567,1084,1120]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1186,1404,1084,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">‘Gorgosaurus’</emphasis>
|
||
novojilovi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a new genus,
|
||
<emphasis box="[412,650,1131,1167]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1992" box="[412,646,1131,1167]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Maleevosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[132,1568,309,1314]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">
|
||
Although it is possible that the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[769,912,1180,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[981,1384,1180,1216]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[981,1213,1180,1216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Maleevosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
novojilovi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a juvenile, based on its small size, the neural arches are fused to their centra, and the calcaneum to the astragulus. This suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1992" box="[852,1083,1278,1314]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="7" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[852,1083,1278,1314]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="257">Maleevosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small tyrannosaurid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |