266 lines
33 KiB
XML
266 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="54E0F66C1034168243A8BCB11BE896D5">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E67EBA38720EF1603C1C1A82DEDFA889">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72E3F5C7B9EBA92EEF2BA154CD4FF2FB">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="38809482B82B0619DCED69E4135FECB8" type="email">trevor.petney@smnk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D8162409A235F3A952DA23DBE9C057AD">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EBED5C2C69BC1721734B775D675520C4">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6E2BB7D085084579DD006A1D940B99CA">2020-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0EA534F8F4F6947D7027FE73B1474F1A">4871</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FF06FF2DFF07FF3166DBC88F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4582485" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4582485" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FF06FF2DFF07FF3166DBC88F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FF06FF2DFF07FF3166DBC88F" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF06FF2DFF07FF31673ECBF7" box="[151,637,150,177]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FF31673ECBF7" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,637,150,177]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FF3165F9CBF7" bold="true" box="[151,186,150,176]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">79.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFF57FF31673ACBF7" ID-CoL="6X5HK" authority="Donitz, 1906" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1906" box="[199,633,150,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF57FF31649ACBF7" bold="true" box="[199,473,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFE72FF31673ACBF7" author="Donitz, W." box="[482,633,150,176]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref195807" refString="Donitz, W. (1906) Uber afrikanische Zecken. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 5, 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="1906">Dönitz, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF06FF2DFD14FF3161DACB93" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFD14FF3161DACB93" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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An Afrotropical species whose adults have been found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFAB3FF3160DFCBF7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1315,1436,150,176]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
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(several orders). There are no records of
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFDF0FF1D6624CB93" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1906" box="[608,871,186,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFDF0FF1D6624CB93" box="[608,871,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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causing human parasitism.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF06FF2DFF07FF7966DBC88F" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FF796423CBBE" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,352,222,249]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FF7965F8CBBF" bold="true" box="[151,187,222,248]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF52FF796423CBBE" author="Donitz, W." box="[194,352,222,249]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref195807" refString="Donitz, W. (1906) Uber afrikanische Zecken. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 5, 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="1906">Dönitz (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FEA56415CA5A" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,342,258,285]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FEA565F1CA5B" bold="true" box="[151,178,258,284]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF29FEA56415CA5A" author="Donitz, W." box="[185,342,258,285]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref195807" refString="Donitz, W. (1906) Uber afrikanische Zecken. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 5, 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="1906">Dönitz (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FE816751CA07" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,530,294,321]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FE8165F6CA07" bold="true" box="[151,181,294,320]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF2BFE816423CA07" author="Theiler, G." box="[187,352,294,320]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="253 - 300" refId="ref250679" refString="Theiler, G. (1947) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VI. - Little known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 21, 253 - 300." type="journal article" year="1947">Theiler (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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; see note below
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FEED6752CA23" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,529,330,357]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FEED65F0CA23" bold="true" box="[151,179,330,356]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">L:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF2AFEED641CCA23" author="Theiler, G." box="[186,351,330,356]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="253 - 300" refId="ref250679" refString="Theiler, G. (1947) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VI. - Little known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 21, 253 - 300." type="journal article" year="1947">Theiler (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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; see note below
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FEC9640BCACF" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,328,366,392]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FEC9640BCACF" bold="true" box="[151,328,366,392]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Redescriptions</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FE3565A1CA97" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FE3565F8CAEB" bold="true" box="[151,187,402,428]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF55FE356437CAEB" author="Donitz, W." box="[197,372,402,428]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="397 - 494" refId="ref195872" refString="Donitz, W. (1910 a) Die Zecken Sudafrikas. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 16, 397 - 494." type="journal article" year="1910">Dönitz (1910a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFE12FE356769CAEB" author="Theiler, G." box="[386,554,402,428]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="253 - 300" refId="ref250679" refString="Theiler, G. (1947) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VI. - Little known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 21, 253 - 300." type="journal article" year="1947">Theiler (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFDA9FE356653CAEA" author="Sousa Dias, V." box="[569,784,402,429]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref247518" refString="Sousa Dias, V. (1950) Subsidios para o estudo dos ixodideos de Angola. Pecuaria, 2,127 - 280." type="book" year="1950">Sousa Dias (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFC8EFE346683CAEA" author="Zumpt, F." box="[798,960,402,429]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="57 - 169" refId="ref257359" refString="Zumpt, F. (1950) Preliminary study to a revision of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch. Key to the adult ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus and description of two new species. Mocambique, 60, 57 - 169. [this paper is usually cited as having been published in 1949]" type="journal article" year="1950">Zumpt (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFC5EFE3561F3CAEB" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M." box="[974,1200,402,428]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref254156" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E., Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M. (1988) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus tricuspis Donitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 12, 159 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00007766" type="journal article" year="1988">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFBB8FE346120CAEB" box="[1064,1123,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
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(1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFB2FFE3561B8CAEB" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[1215,1275,402,428]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFA81FE3565A1CA97" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFAF1FE3460DECAEB" box="[1377,1437,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FE7D604ACAB3" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,1289,474,501]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FE7D65F1CAB3" bold="true" box="[151,178,474,500]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF29FE7D6426CAB3" author="Donitz, W." box="[185,357,474,500]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="397 - 494" refId="ref195872" refString="Donitz, W. (1910 a) Die Zecken Sudafrikas. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 16, 397 - 494." type="journal article" year="1910">Dönitz (1910a)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFEE0FE7D6756CAB3" author="Theiler, G." box="[368,533,474,500]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="253 - 300" refId="ref250679" refString="Theiler, G. (1947) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VI. - Little known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 21, 253 - 300." type="journal article" year="1947">Theiler (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFDB1FE7D67B1CAB2" author="Sousa Dias, V." box="[545,754,474,501]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref247518" refString="Sousa Dias, V. (1950) Subsidios para o estudo dos ixodideos de Angola. Pecuaria, 2,127 - 280." type="book" year="1950">Sousa Dias (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFD6DFE7D6694CAB3" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M." box="[765,983,474,500]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref254156" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E., Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M. (1988) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus tricuspis Donitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 12, 159 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00007766" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
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Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFCC4FE7C66CECAB3" box="[852,909,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
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(1988
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFC73FE7D615CCAB3" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[995,1055,474,500]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFBA2FE7D604ACAB3" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[1074,1289,474,500]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFBEFFE7C61F4CAB3" box="[1151,1207,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FE5964A1C95F" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,482,510,536]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FE5965F6C95F" bold="true" box="[151,181,510,536]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">N:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF2BFE5964D6C95F" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M." box="[187,405,510,536]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref254156" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E., Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M. (1988) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus tricuspis Donitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 12, 159 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00007766" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFE82FE586408C95F" box="[274,331,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1988
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFE31FE596498C95F" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[417,475,510,536]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FD8564A2C97B" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,481,546,572]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FD8565F0C97B" bold="true" box="[151,179,546,572]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">L:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF2AFD8564D0C97B" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M." box="[186,403,546,572]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref254156" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E., Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M. (1988) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus tricuspis Donitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 12, 159 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00007766" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFE81FD84640AC97B" box="[273,329,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1988
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFE0FFD85649AC97B" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[415,473,546,572]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07FDE166DBC88F" blockId="239.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07FDE1659BC927" bold="true" box="[151,216,582,608]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Note:</emphasis>
|
|
see
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFE9AFDE16763C927" authorityName="Feldman-Muhsam" authorityYear="1960" box="[266,544,582,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertrudae">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFE9AFDE16763C927" box="[266,544,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus gertrudae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for a discussion of the difficulties attending morphological identification of the larvae and nymphs of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFE06FDCD6734C9C3" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1910" box="[406,631,618,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="follis">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFE06FDCD6734C9C3" box="[406,631,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus follis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFD17FDCD66DEC9C3" authorityName="Feldman-Muhsam" authorityYear="1960" box="[647,925,618,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gertrudae">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFD17FDCD66DEC9C3" box="[647,925,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus gertrudae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFC3DFDCD61D5C9C3" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[941,1174,618,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFC3DFDCD61D5C9C3" box="[941,1174,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus simus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFB40FDCD65A6C9EF" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFB40FDCD65A3C9EF" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1906" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFF7BFD296489C9EF" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[235,458,654,680]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFED1FD28643AC9EF" box="[321,377,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFE6FFD296797C9EF" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[511,724,654,680]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFDDCFD2867C0C9EF" box="[588,643,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
emphasize the difficulties involved in morphologically separating adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFEB7FD156776C98B" authorityName="in Saratsiotis" authorityYear="1977" box="[295,565,690,716]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFEB7FD156776C98B" box="[295,565,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus lunulatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFD45FD156698C98B" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1906" box="[725,987,690,716]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFD45FD156698C98B" box="[725,987,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and from adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFB29FD15659CC9B7" authorityName="Walker, Pegram and Keirans" authorityYear="1995" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interventus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFB29FD15659CC9B7" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus interventus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a species of morphologically intermediate characters.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFCD0FD71615FC9B7" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M." box="[832,1052,726,752]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref254156" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E., Pegram, R. G. & Clifford, C. M. (1988) Clarification of the status of Rhipicephalus tricuspis Donitz, 1906 and Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Systematic Parasitology, 12, 159 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00007766" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFC06FD70668EC9B7" box="[918,973,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1988)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
extensively discuss the taxonomic history of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFE9BFD5D6751C853" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1906" box="[267,530,762,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFE9BFD5D6751C853" box="[267,530,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFDDAFD5D661AC853" authorityName="in Saratsiotis" authorityYear="1977" box="[586,857,762,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFDDAFD5D661AC853" box="[586,857,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus lunulatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but offer no opinion concerning the descriptions of the larva, nymph and adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFE7EFCB967B7C87F" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1906" box="[494,756,798,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFE7EFCB967B7C87F" box="[494,756,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFC8DFCB96683C87F" author="Theiler, G." box="[797,960,798,824]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="253 - 300" refId="ref250679" refString="Theiler, G. (1947) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VI. - Little known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 21, 253 - 300." type="journal article" year="1947">Theiler (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, although they used the same specimens to redescribe this taxon. The descriptions and redescriptions of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFCD7FCE5610CC81B" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1906" box="[839,1103,834,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricuspis">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFCD7FCE5610CC81B" box="[839,1103,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus tricuspis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFBEBFCE5605DC81B" author="Theiler, G." box="[1147,1310,834,860]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="253 - 300" refId="ref250679" refString="Theiler, G. (1947) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VI. - Little known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 21, 253 - 300." type="journal article" year="1947">Theiler (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
are treated as valid here, but other redescriptions, as in Elbl and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFD69FCC166F6C8C6" author="Anastos, G." box="[761,949,870,897]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 555" refId="ref197602" refString="Elbl, A. & Anastos, G. (1966 c) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume III. Genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de l' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique, 147, 1 - 555." type="journal article" year="1966">Anastos (1966c)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, based on specimens collected in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FF06FF2DFAA9FCC160DBC8C7" box="[1337,1432,870,896]" name="Burundi" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FF06FF2DFF07FC2D64BAC8E3" box="[151,505,906,932]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FF06FF2DFDA1FC2D67D3C8E3" box="[561,656,906,932]" name="Rwanda" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
|
, where this species does not occur according to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFB22FC2D60DBC8E3" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[1202,1432,906,932]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFA9AFC2C6000C8E3" box="[1290,1347,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, are not included in the above lists. See also
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFD11FC0966DBC88F" box="[641,920,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFD11FC0966D7C88F" authorityName="in Saratsiotis" authorityYear="1977" box="[641,916,942,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulatus">Rhipicephalus lunulatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |