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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0241082-1202-4a31-a36c-6a755a1d9ad3" ID-PMC="PMC4141165" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-434-37" ID-PubMed="25152679" ID-ZBK="0A3E6FDDE27D49DF92FD04D0987C9CC0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-434-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 434" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand" checkinTime="1451245500961" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Taylor, Christopher K. &amp; Probert, Anna" docDate="2014" docId="A8AE390E8932DA966D94B2DCF111B357" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 434: 37-45" docOrigin="ZooKeys 434" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486" docTitle="Forsteropsalis photophaga Taylor &amp; Probert, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="633102AB-D0FD-4F91-8A38-CFDF1ECDF08F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="565CFFE70267FFD7FF8FFF85193EAC34" masterDocTitle="Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668159148989" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Taylor, Christopher K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Probert, Anna</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>434</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>37</mods:start>
<mods:end>45</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-434-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0A3E6FDDE27D49DF92FD04D0987C9CC0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054965" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:633102AB-D0FD-4F91-8A38-CFDF1ECDF08F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8AE390E8932DA966D94B2DCF111B357" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Taxon classification Animalia Opiliones Neopilionidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/633102AB-D0FD-4F91-8A38-CFDF1ECDF08F" class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis photophaga" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="photophaga">Forsteropsalis photophaga</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="41">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="holotype male">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Holotype male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
WO. Waitomo, Gardners Gut Cave System, 200 yards from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zweihöllen">Zweihoellen</normalizedToken>
entrance, 25 June 1977, W. L. Blundell (MONZ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
WO. 1 male, Giants Cavern, Hollow Hill Cave, Te Kuiti, in 'Crows
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nest">Nest'</normalizedToken>
, 60-70 ft high, 12 January 1958, coll. R. W. Taylor (MONZ); 1 male, Aussie
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="42" start="start">Cave</pageBreakToken>
, Taumatamaire Rd, Waitomo County, 50 ft, 16 May 1966, K. A. J. Wise (MONZ); 2 males, Stubbs Farm, Waitomo, on rocky cave substrate, February 2013, G. Holwell et al. (NZAC); 2 males, Mangapohue Cave, Stubbs Farm, Waitomo, on rocky cave substrate, 21 Oct 2013, A. Probert &amp; D. Townsend (NZAC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
From the Greek phos, light, and phagein, to eat, in reference to this
<normalizedToken originalValue="species">species'</normalizedToken>
predation of the glow-worm
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Arachnocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnocampa luminosa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luminosa">Arachnocampa luminosa</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="male (n=7)">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Male (n=7).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Total body length 3.5-6.1; prosoma length 1.9-2.1, width 2.5-3.9. Prosoma (including ocularium) unarmed except for few black setae (Fig. 2A); ground colour orange-brown with longitudinal yellow stripes on either side of ocularium (live colouration light to mid-brown with pale yellow stripes). Ozopores elongate, with small flanking lobes. Opisthosoma grey-brown. Mouthparts cream-coloured; medial side of pedipalpal coxa with array of sharp denticles; cervix with single pair of denticles laterally. Coxa I orange; remaining coxae and venter of opisthosoma yellow.
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="43" start="start">Chelicerae</pageBreakToken>
(Fig. 2B, D): Segment I length 3.4-6.5, segment II 4.9-9.1. Elongate; orange except for lighter yellow patch at distal end of first segment. First segment dorsally with scattered denticles, becoming more elongate retrolaterally, ventrally with longitudinal prolateral and retrolateral rows of elongate denticles and some scattered median denticles proximally. Second segment mildly to notably inflated, sub-conical, evenly denticulate with longitudinal rows of more elongate denticles dorsally and retrolaterally. Cheliceral fingers elongate, slightly bowed apart; setae present along central third of mobile finger. Pedipalps: Femur length 4.6-6.5, patella 2.8-3.2, tibia 2.2-2.8, tarsus 4.8-5.7. Distinctly elongate; yellow. Median side of coxa with array of sharp denticles. Femur with few denticles dorsally in proximal half; remainder of pedipalp unarmed. Patella, tibia and proximal half of tarsus densely covered with plumose setae; microtrichia present over entirety of patella, tibia and tarsus; patella with small, rounded, prodistal apophysis (Fig. 2C). Tarsal claw without ventral tooth-row. Legs: Leg I femur length 8.1-11.0, patella 1.9-2.2, tibia 8.4-10.7; leg II femur 14.0-17.7, patella 1.9-2.5, tibia 16.0-19.0; leg III femur 7.1-9.4, patella 1.6-1.9, tibia 7.6-9.8; leg IV femur 9.0-12.2, patella 1.8-2.2, tibia 10.3-12.4. Yellow. Proximal half of femur I with few scattered dorsal denticles; remainder of legs unarmed. Tibia II with 12 pseudosegments; tibia IV with three pseudosegments. Penis (Fig. 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
): Shaft subquadrate; tendon long. Bristle groups relatively long, posterior bristle group with longest bristles reaching dorsal margin in lateral view. Glans relatively long, subrectangular in ventral view, remaining relatively deep to distal end but with dorsodistal end rounded.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis photophaga" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="photophaga">Forsteropsalis photophaga</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A dorsal view of body, holotype, with parasitic mite attached B anterolateral view of body, pedipalps and chelicerae, holotype C dorsal view of right pedipalpal patella and tibia, holotype D anterolateral view of chelicerae of specimen from Aussie Cave, showing more inflated chelicerae E penis, ventral view, holotype F penis, right lateral view, holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
Females of this species are currently unknown. The holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis photophaga" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="photophaga">Forsteropsalis photophaga</taxonomicName>
when first examined had a parasitic mite attached to the opisthosoma (Fig. 2A). This mite is a representative of the
<taxonomicName family="Microtrombidiidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Microtrombidiidae</taxonomicName>
, a family that has not previously been recorded as parasitic on
<taxonomicName genus="Opiliones" lsidName="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">Opiliones</taxonomicName>
; a more detailed description is currently being prepared by C. Taylor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
The genera
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
have hitherto been regarded as well distinguished by the morphology of the cheliceral fingers (crescent-shaped in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
vs bowed in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
), pedipalpal patellar apophysis (hypersetose and rounded in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
, sparsely setose and triangular in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
) and penile bristle groups (shorter in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Tuhinga" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="53 - 76" title="New Zealand harvestmen of the subfamily Megalopsalidinae (Opiliones: Monoscutidae) - the genus Pantopsalis." volume="15" year="2004">Taylor 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
). The current species blurs this distinction: in its hypersetose and rounded pedipalpal apophysis it resembles
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
, but its elongate cheliceral fingers and penile bristle groups are more characteristic of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
. It also possesses an array of denticles on the medial side of the pedipalpal coxa as found in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
species (Fig. 3A;
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
). We therefore assign it to the latter genus herein. A hypersetose, rounded patella is also present in the female of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis grimmetti" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grimmetti">Forsteropsalis grimmetti</taxonomicName>
, though the male of that species possesses a more typical
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
-type patella (
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It is possible that the hypersetose patella is in fact a symplesiomorphy of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
, with
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis photophaga" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="photophaga">Forsteropsalis photophaga</taxonomicName>
being a basal member of the latter genus.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
Figure 3. Mouthparts of selected New Zealand
<taxonomicName family="Neopilionidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Neopilionidae</taxonomicName>
, showing morphology of pedipalpal coxae. A
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis chiltoni" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiltoni">Forsteropsalis chiltoni</taxonomicName>
, with medial denticles B
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis albipalpis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpis">Pantopsalis albipalpis</taxonomicName>
, with sclerotised medial flange overhanging cervix C
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Mangatangi" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mangatangi parvum" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Mangatangi parvum</taxonomicName>
, with unarmed, simple coxae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis photophaga" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="photophaga">Forsteropsalis photophaga</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from all other
<taxonomicName family="Neopilionidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Neopilionidae</taxonomicName>
in New Zealand by the hypertrophied denticle rows on the second cheliceral segment. The only other neopilionid with comparable chelicerae is the major male of the Tasmanian species
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Megalopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalopsalis nigricans" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricans">Megalopsalis nigricans</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hickman, VV" journalOrPublisher="Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="65 - 79" title="Some Tasmanian harvestmen of the sub-order Palpatores." volume="91" year="1957">Hickman 1957</bibRefCitation>
). This, however, is a much smaller species, with very different genital morphology and with small ozopores unlike those of any
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation author="Hickman, VV" journalOrPublisher="Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="65 - 79" title="Some Tasmanian harvestmen of the sub-order Palpatores." volume="91" year="1957">Hickman 1957</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 117" title="Further revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Opiliones, Neopilionidae), with the description of seven new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.328.5439" volume="328" year="2013">Taylor 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>