475 lines
55 KiB
XML
475 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="8098A50111436784F0E0DC7FD6E5E941" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210378" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79309026-26b8-49e2-b833-39a654314ff8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210378" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460506560865" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hechinger, Ryan F." docDate="2012" docId="A872878DFFEEFFE0FF733E87FD69FD1F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03418p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3418" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Telogaster opisthorchis MacFarlane 1945" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="544BFFF5FFE0FFF0FFE43E10FFB4FFF0" masterDocTitle="Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698312768803" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="533685C9B0BDF0893F582C5CCDD3D83A">Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8BEDD1C622328C7E6AF35A12D74E628">Hechinger, Ryan F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7CB4A4227A07872A7FC0469DB8461BD3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DF8C5CFCF50E49F09CC4FDD578F3FEA2">
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<mods:date id="A5B60B62776D047378D8FC2096D1AF18">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="425E7A29F6178FFD78197716090C0860" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7A1F6DBD5F5084B3BB9FFDE866269679">3418</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2A1D6847B2C071B44451BB6CD9507945" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210378</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B78379540B83D0A318FE0B37784840DE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1BCB203158371ACBCDC0E4B2279DBD14" type="Zenodo-Dep">210378</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A872878DFFEEFFE0FF733E87FD69FD1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166269" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119522662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6166269" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A872878DFFEEFFE0FF733E87FD69FD1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A872878DFFEEFFE0FF733E87FD69FD1F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="68C16510FFEEFFFEFF733E87FD16FE21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF733E87FD23FF41" blockId="14.[151,663,151,210]" box="[151,663,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="7B2C81F7FFEEFFFEFF733E87FD23FF41" bold="true" box="[151,663,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEEFFFEFF733E87FD23FF41" authority="MacFarlane, 1945" authorityName="MacFarlane" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,663,151,177]" class="Trematoda" family="Acanthostomatidae" genus="Telogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="opisthorchis">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF733E87FD23FF41" bold="true" box="[151,663,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF733E87FE1AFF41" bold="true" box="[151,430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Telogaster opisthorchis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEEFFFEFE523E87FD23FF41" author="MacFarlane" box="[438,663,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="MacFarlane, W. V. (1945) The life cycle of the heterophyoid trematode Telogaster opisthorchis n. g., n. sp. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 75, 218 - 230." type="journal article" year="1945">MacFarlane, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF733EAAFE0EFF22" blockId="14.[151,663,151,210]" box="[151,442,186,210]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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(10. Teop;
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<figureCitation id="B8E02A1EFFEEFFFEFEF43EAAFEE9FF22" box="[272,349,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1083,1106]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,195,1059]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1434,195,1059]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. General characteristics of the parthenitae and cercariae of the trematodes infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum as first intermediate host. Microphallus sp. “ livelyi ” (sp. 13), whose embryos develop directly to metacercariae, is not figured. Species numbers and codes follow Table 1 and species accounts. Cercariae are all to scale, with additional magnified views of three small cercariae (indicated by dashed lines). Parthenitae are not to scale. Scale bars consistently indicate 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210379/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B8E02A1EFFEEFFFEFE8F3EAAFE06FF22" box="[363,434,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1827,1850]" captionTargetBox="[212,1374,1277,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[212,1375,1277,1806]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Telogaster opisthorchis. 19, Redia, live, with embryonic cercaria being pressed out of birth pore. Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 25. 20, Cercaria, live. Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210388/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19–20</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF733F12FE66FEEA" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" box="[151,466,258,283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF733F12FF5FFEEB" bold="true" box="[151,235,258,283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stages:</emphasis>
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rediae and cercariae
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3F37FDFFFECE" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" box="[201,587,294,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3F37FEBEFECF" bold="true" box="[201,266,295,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Host:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEEFFFEFEF53F38FDFFFECE" box="[273,587,294,319]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFEF53F38FDFFFECE" box="[273,587,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Potamopyrgus antipodarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3F5AFBF6FE92" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" box="[201,1090,330,355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3F5AFEE2FE93" bold="true" box="[201,342,330,355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Site in host:</emphasis>
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Rediae in gonad, digestive gland, basal visceral mass, and mantle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3F62FBD2FE79" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" box="[201,1126,366,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3F62FE20FE7A" bold="true" box="[201,404,369,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Voucher locality:</emphasis>
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Waimakariri River, South Island (-43.4148o lat, 172.6517o long)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3F85FE44FE5D" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" box="[201,496,405,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3F85FEE0FE5D" bold="true" box="[201,340,405,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prevalence:</emphasis>
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5% (
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFE753F86FE2BFE5D" box="[401,415,406,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
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= 100)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3FA9FD16FE21" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" box="[201,674,441,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3FA9FE7DFE22" bold="true" box="[201,457,441,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
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USNPC #: 105683
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68C16510FFEEFFFEFF2D3FCDFCC4FCC9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3FCDFCF7FD91" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3FCDFEF1FE06" bold="true" box="[201,325,477,502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Redia translucent, elongate (~5:1 to 9:1 length:width), gradually tapering anterior to posterior. Length up to ~2000. Cercaria embryos number up to over 50, typically tightly packed and exhibit very pronounced posterior to anterior developmental gradient. Pharynx appears to be relatively small compared to S. anguillae or Lepocreadiid sp. II, <1/3 width of anterior redia body width.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3C7DFDA3FD01" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cercaria oculate, with dorso-ventral tail fin, no ventral sucker, with penetration glands. Main excretory collecting ducts frequently pronounced, sinusoidal, empty into small squarish bladder. Body length ~220–400. Tail length greater than 1.3 times body length. Tail fin originates dorsally ~1/5 into tail from base, continues around posterior tip to insert ~1/3 into tail from tip.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3CEDFCC4FCC9" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3CEDFE2BFCE5" bold="true" box="[201,415,765,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Descriptive notes:</emphasis>
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Redia pharynx <1/3 width of anterior redia. Cercaria tail fin originates dorsally ~1/5 into tail, continues around posterior tip, inserts ~1/3 into tail from tip.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68C16510FFEEFFFEFF2D3D55FD72FB35" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3D55FF4CFC39" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF2D3D55FE8BFCAD" bold="true" box="[201,319,837,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEEFFFEFEA23D55FDA9FCAD" author="MacFarlane" box="[326,541,837,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="MacFarlane, W. V. (1945) The life cycle of the heterophyoid trematode Telogaster opisthorchis n. g., n. sp. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 75, 218 - 230." type="journal article" year="1945">MacFarlane (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEEFFFEFD713D56FC8EFCAD" box="[661,826,837,861]" class="Trematoda" family="Acanthostomatidae" genus="Telogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="opisthorchis">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFD713D56FC8EFCAD" box="[661,826,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. opisthorchis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and its life cycle. Cercariae encyst as metacercariae in fishes (particularly in muscles of small eleotrids) and infect eels (
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<collectingCountry id="58CC760BFFEEFFFEFC423D79FBB3FC71" box="[934,1031,873,897]" name="Anguilla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFC423D79FBB3FC71" box="[934,1031,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Anguilla</emphasis>
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</collectingCountry>
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spp.) as final hosts.
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<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEEFFFEFAE23D79FA28FC71" author="Cribb" box="[1286,1436,873,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Cribb, T. H. (1986) The life-cycle and morphology of Stemmatostoma pearsoni, gen. et sp. nov., with notes on the morphology of Telogaster opisthorchis Macfarlane (Digenea, Cryptogonimidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 34, 279 - 304." type="journal article" year="1986">Cribb (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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reported adults from eels in SE
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<collectingCountry id="58CC760BFFEEFFFEFE1F3D9DFDD0FC55" box="[507,612,909,933]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, where
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<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEEFFFEFD583D9EFCDDFC55" box="[700,873,909,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFD583D9EFD7EFC55" box="[700,714,910,933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFD3C3D9DFCDDFC55" box="[728,873,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">antipodarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is introduced, and describes aspects of adult morphology.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF2D3DC5FD72FB35" blockId="14.[151,1437,258,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEEFFFEFF2D3DC5FE15FC1D" author="MacFarlane" box="[201,417,981,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="MacFarlane, W. V. (1952) Bionomics of two trematode parasites of New Zealand eels. Journal of Parasitology, 38, 391 - 397." type="journal article" year="1952">MacFarlane (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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contributed a forward-thinking ecological consideration of how host behavioral ontogeny interacts with parasite encounter rates to dictate patterns of infections in second intermediate hosts and final hosts for both
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<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEEFFFEFF133A0EFE2FFBC5" box="[247,411,1053,1077]" class="Trematoda" family="Acanthostomatidae" genus="Telogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="opisthorchis">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF133A0EFE2FFBC5" box="[247,411,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. opisthorchis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFE363A0DFD5FFBC5" box="[466,747,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stegodexamine anguillae</emphasis>
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(sp. 8).
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<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEEFFFEFCA33A0DFB97FBC5" box="[839,1059,1053,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Kelly, D. W., Thomas, H., Thieltges, D. W., Poulin, R. & Tompkins, D. M. (2010 b) Trematode infection causes malformations and population effects in a declining New Zealand fish. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79, 445 - 452." type="journal article">
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Kelly
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFC683A0EFC09FBC5" box="[908,957,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
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. (2010b)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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showed that infection of a threatened galaxiid fish second intermediate host results in deformities in juvenile fish, potentially with strong effects on recruitment to fish populations. Further, the widely used herbicide, glyphosate, can influence cercarial output by infected snails under laboratory conditions, and infection by metacercaria appears more likely to kill fish that are also exposed to the herbicide (
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<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEEFFFEFE0F3ABDFD0EFB35" author="Kelly" box="[491,698,1197,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Kelly, D. W., Poulin, R., Tompkins, D. M. & Townsend, C. R. (2010 a) Synergistic effects of glyphosate formulation and parasite infection on fish malformations and survival. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 498 - 504." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
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||
Kelly
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFDD53ABEFDD6FB35" box="[561,610,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010a
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="74A46613FFEEFFFEFF733933FB17F8A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210388/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[212,1374,1277,1806]" targetPageId="14">
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||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEEFFFEFF733933FB17F8A8" blockId="14.[151,1436,1827,1881]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFF733933FEE7F8C9" bold="true" box="[151,339,1827,1850]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 19–20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEEFFFEFEBD3934FDF0F8CA" box="[345,580,1828,1850]" class="Trematoda" family="Acanthostomatidae" genus="Telogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="opisthorchis">
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||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFEBD3934FDF0F8CA" box="[345,580,1828,1850]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Telogaster opisthorchis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFDB53934FDDEF8C9" bold="true" box="[593,618,1828,1849]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19</emphasis>
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, Redia, live, with embryonic cercaria being pressed out of birth pore. Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 25.
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<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEEFFFEFDE23953FDABF8A8" bold="true" box="[518,543,1859,1880]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">20</emphasis>
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, Cercaria, live. Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 10.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="68C16510FFEFFFFFFF733E87FCBEFDED" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF733E87FE6FFF24" blockId="15.[151,1353,151,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF733E87FE3DFF40" bold="true" box="[151,393,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFF733E87FE9AFF40" ID-CoL="7P3CM" box="[151,302,151,176]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF733E87FE9AFF40" bold="true" box="[151,302,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coitocaecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFE923E87FE3DFF40" ID-CoL="WWN4" authority="Crowcroft, 1945" authorityName="Crowcroft" authorityYear="1945" box="[374,393,151,176]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFE923E87FE3DFF40" bold="true" box="[374,393,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFE733E88FCBBFF40" bold="true" box="[407,783,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFE733E88FE44FF5F" bold="true" box="[407,496,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFE123E87FD0FFF40" author="Crowcroft" box="[502,699,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Crowcroft, P. W. (1945) New trematodes from Tasmanian fishes (Order, Digenea. Family, Allocreadiidae). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 61 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1945">Crowcroft, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFD183E87FCBBFF40" ID-CoL="WWNM" authority="Hine, 1977" authorityName="Hine" authorityYear="1977" box="[764,783,151,176]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD183E87FCBBFF40" bold="true" box="[764,783,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFCF93E87FB8BFF40" bold="true" box="[797,1087,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFCF93E87FC1BFF40" bold="true" box="[797,943,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFC523E87FB82FF40" author="Hine" box="[950,1078,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hine, P. M. (1977) Two new digenean trematodes from New Zealand freshwater fishes. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 7, 163 - 170." type="journal article" year="1977">Hine, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(11, 12. Coit;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8E02A1EFFEFFFFFFED63EACFECAFF24" box="[306,382,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1083,1106]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,195,1059]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1434,195,1059]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. General characteristics of the parthenitae and cercariae of the trematodes infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum as first intermediate host. Microphallus sp. “ livelyi ” (sp. 13), whose embryos develop directly to metacercariae, is not figured. Species numbers and codes follow Table 1 and species accounts. Cercariae are all to scale, with additional magnified views of three small cercariae (indicated by dashed lines). Parthenitae are not to scale. Scale bars consistently indicate 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210379/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8E02A1EFFEFFFFFFE683EACFE67FF24" box="[396,467,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1145,1168]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,594,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[168,1420,594,1123]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Coitocaecum spp. 21, Sporocyst, live (Taieri River Voucher). Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 10. 22, Cercaria, live (photo of a Mataura River specimen different than voucher). Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 10. 23, Close up of cercaria oral sucker showing two-pointed oral stylet, live (Ngaruroro River voucher). Scale bar = 15." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210389/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">21–23</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF733EF0FAFDFF07" blockId="15.[151,1353,151,248]" box="[151,1353,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
[It is almost certain that both of these congeners infect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFD1A3EF1FC18FF08" box="[766,940,224,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD1A3EF1FCB8FF08" box="[766,780,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFCFF3EF0FC18FF08" box="[795,940,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">antipodarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are currently indistinguishable.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF733F37FDCBFECF" blockId="15.[151,1435,295,542]" box="[151,639,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF733F37FF5FFEB0" bold="true" box="[151,235,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stages:</emphasis>
|
||
sporocysts (daughter) and cercariae
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF2D3F5CFDFFFE94" blockId="15.[151,1435,295,542]" box="[201,587,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D3F5CFEBEFE94" bold="true" box="[201,266,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Host:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFEF53F5DFDFFFE94" box="[273,587,332,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFEF53F5DFDFFFE94" box="[273,587,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Potamopyrgus antipodarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF2D3F7FFA2FFE5F" blockId="15.[151,1435,295,542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D3F7FFEE2FE78" bold="true" box="[201,342,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Site in host:</emphasis>
|
||
Sporocysts in gonad, digestive gland, basal visceral mass, and mantle
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D3F87FE12FE5F" bold="true" box="[201,422,406,431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Voucher localities:</emphasis>
|
||
Ngaruroro River, North Island (-39.3803o lat, 176.3326o long); Taieri River, South Island
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF733FADFCBEFDED" blockId="15.[151,1435,295,542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
(-45.2572o lat, 170.2716o long); Mataura River, South Island (-46.3894o lat, 168.7968o long)
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D3FF2FEE0FE0A" bold="true" box="[201,340,482,506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prevalence:</emphasis>
|
||
6% at Ngaruroro River (
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD893FF2FDCFFE09" box="[621,635,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100); 8% at Taieri River (
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFC5D3FF2FC73FE09" box="[953,967,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100); 3% (
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFBB83FF2FBDEFE09" box="[1116,1130,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100) at Mataura River
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D3C15FE7DFDEE" bold="true" box="[201,457,517,542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
|
||
USNPC #s: 105684-105686
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="74A46613FFEFFFFFFF733A69FAEEFB3C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210389/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[168,1419,594,1123]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF733A69FAEEFB3C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1145,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF733A69FEE1FB7F" bold="true" box="[151,341,1145,1168]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURES 21–23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFEB83A6AFE55FB7F" box="[348,481,1146,1167]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFEB83A6AFE55FB7F" box="[348,481,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coitocaecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFDFF3A6AFD80FB7F" bold="true" box="[539,564,1146,1167]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">21</emphasis>
|
||
, Sporocyst, live (Taieri River Voucher). Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 10.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF593A88FF62FB5D" bold="true" box="[189,214,1176,1197]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">22</emphasis>
|
||
, Cercaria, live (photo of a Mataura River specimen different than voucher). Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 10.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF593AA7FF62FB3C" bold="true" box="[189,214,1207,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">23</emphasis>
|
||
, Close up of cercaria oral sucker showing two-pointed oral stylet, live (Ngaruroro River voucher). Scale bar = 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68C16510FFEFFFFFFF2D3AE4FDB2FA30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF2D3AE4FD5FFAA4" blockId="15.[151,1437,1268,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D3AE4FEF1FAFD" bold="true" box="[201,325,1268,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Sporocysts sometimes active, translucent, elongate (~5:1 to 9:1 length:width), bluntly tapered at each both ends. Length up to ~2000. Cercaria number from ~10 to over 45, in various developmental stages lacking pronounced antero-posterior developmental gradient.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF2D3B70FDB2FA30" blockId="15.[151,1437,1268,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cercaria non-oculate, with short glandular sucker-like tail, oral and ventral suckers, a two-pointed oral stylet ("a cotylocercous xiphidiocercaria"). Body length up to ~300. Tail length ~1/6 body length, not more than two times tail width. Stylet ~15 long.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68C16510FFEFFFFFFF2D3BDDFDFDF911" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF2D3BDDFDFDF911" blockId="15.[151,1437,1268,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D3BDDFE8BFA15" bold="true" box="[201,319,1485,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
At least two species likely infect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFD063BDDFC21FA14" box="[738,917,1484,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD063BDDFD44FA14" box="[738,752,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFCE03BDCFC21FA14" box="[772,917,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">antipodarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFC4D3BDDFB2BFA14" box="[937,1183,1485,1508]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFC4D3BDDFB2BFA14" box="[937,1183,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coitocaecum parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFB053BDDFA20FA14" box="[1249,1428,1484,1508]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFB053BDDFB40FA14" box="[1249,1268,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFAE33BDCFA20FA14" box="[1287,1428,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFF733BE0FEC6F9F8" author="MacFarlane" box="[151,370,1520,1544]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="MacFarlane, W. V. (1939) Life cycle of Coitocaecum anaspidis Hickman, a New Zealand digenetic trematode. Parasitology, 31, 172 - 184." type="journal article" year="1939">MacFarlane (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFD5D3BE1FC87F9F8" box="[697,819,1521,1544]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD5D3BE1FD78F9F8" box="[697,716,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD3A3BE1FC87F9F8" box="[734,819,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and documented that it uses
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFB753BE1FAF6F9F8" box="[1169,1346,1520,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFB753BE1FB2BF9F8" box="[1169,1183,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFB553BE0FAF6F9F8" box="[1201,1346,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">antipodarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as first intermediate host in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58CC760BFFEFFFFFFE9A3805FDACF9DC" box="[382,536,1556,1580]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, he misidentified it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFC6E3805FB72F9DC" authority="Hickman 1934" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1934" box="[906,1222,1556,1580]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anaspidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFC6E3805FC29F9DC" box="[906,925,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFC4F3804FBA3F9DC" box="[939,1047,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">anaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
Hickman 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this name has been widely promulgated in the literature (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFD5E3828FCFAF9A0" author="Holton" box="[698,846,1592,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Holton, A. L. (1983) Life history of Coitocaecum parvum Crowcroft 1944 (Trematoda) from Canterbury, p. 106. In: Zoology. Vol. MS. University of Canterbury, Christchurch" type="book chapter" year="1983">Holton 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFCB93828FBB5F9A0" author="Holton" box="[861,1025,1592,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Holton, A. L. (1984 b) A redescription of Coitocaecum parvum Crowcroft, 1945 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from crustacean and fish hosts in Canterbury. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Holton 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFB2F3829FAF1F9A0" box="[1227,1349,1593,1616]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFB2F3829FB6AF9A0" box="[1227,1246,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFB0B3829FAF1F9A0" box="[1263,1349,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFA663829FE90F984" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFA663829FA21F9A0" box="[1410,1429,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF73384CFE90F984" box="[151,292,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found in freshwater fishes on both North and South Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFBB1384CFB64F984" author="Hine" box="[1109,1232,1628,1652]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hine, P. M. (1978) Distribution of some parasites of freshwater eels in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 12, 179 - 187." type="journal article" year="1978">Hine 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFB38384CFA2CF984" author="Hine" box="[1244,1432,1628,1652]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hine, P. M., Jones, J. B. & Diggles, B. K. (2000) A checklist of the parasites of New Zealand fishes, including previously unpublished records p. 93. In: NIWA Technical Report 75. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand" type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Hine
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFAFF384DFAF9F984" box="[1307,1357,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFF733890FE9EF968" author="Holton" box="[151,298,1664,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Holton, A. L. (1983) Life history of Coitocaecum parvum Crowcroft 1944 (Trematoda) from Canterbury, p. 106. In: Zoology. Vol. MS. University of Canterbury, Christchurch" type="book chapter" year="1983">Holton 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFEDD3890FE6FF968" author="Holton" box="[313,475,1664,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Holton, A. L. (1984 b) A redescription of Coitocaecum parvum Crowcroft, 1945 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from crustacean and fish hosts in Canterbury. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Holton 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It appears almost certain that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFCA83891FC48F968" box="[844,1020,1664,1688]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFCA83891FCEBF968" box="[844,863,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFC8B3890FC48F968" box="[879,1020,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also infects
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFB773891FAF6F968" box="[1171,1346,1664,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFB773891FB15F968" box="[1171,1185,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFB563890FAF6F968" box="[1202,1346,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">antipodarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as first intermediate host as there is no obvious alternative first intermediate host for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFC1E38B5FB1CF94C" box="[1018,1192,1700,1724]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFC1E38B5FBB9F94C" box="[1018,1037,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFBFF38B4FB1CF94C" box="[1051,1192,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to use. I list it here to foster its recognition in future surveys.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68C16510FFEFFFE0FF2D38FDFD69FD1F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFEFFFFFFF2D38FDFBB0F82C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1268,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFF2D38FDFE71F8F4" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[201,453,1773,1796]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFF2D38FDFE71F8F4" box="[201,453,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coitocaecum parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
infects small crustaceans (e.g., mysidaceans, amphipods, copepods) as second intermediate hosts, where it can become progenetic (mature and produce eggs) while encysted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFB113900FA2CF8D8" author="Holton" box="[1269,1432,1808,1832]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Holton, A. L. (1984 a) Progenesis as a means of abbreviating life histories in two New Zealand trematodes, Coitocaecum parvum Crowcroft, 1945 and Stegodexamene anguillae MacFarlane, 1951. Mauri Ora, 11, 63 - 70." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">Holton 1984a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFF733924FE03F8BC" author="Lefebvre" box="[151,439,1844,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Lefebvre, F. & Poulin, R. (2005) Alternative reproductive strategies in the progenetic trematode Coitocaecum parvum: comparison of selfing and mating worms. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 93 - 98." type="journal article" year="2005">Lefebvre & Poulin 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFE213924FD26F8BC" author="MacFarlane" box="[453,658,1844,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="MacFarlane, W. V. (1939) Life cycle of Coitocaecum anaspidis Hickman, a New Zealand digenetic trematode. Parasitology, 31, 172 - 184." type="journal article" year="1939">MacFarlane 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFD4D3925FC61F8BC" ID-CoL="WWNM" box="[681,981,1844,1868]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD4D3925FC61F8BC" box="[681,981,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coitocaecum zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely also used crustaceans as second intermediate hosts. However, this cannot be certain as opecoelids can infect a wide range of other invertebrates or even fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFEC1396CFE18F864" author="Cribb" box="[293,428,1916,1940]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Cribb, T. H. (2005) Family Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925. In: Jones, A., Bray, R. A. & Gibson, D. I. (Eds.) Keys to the Trematoda, Vol. 2. CAB International and the Natural History Museum, Wallingford, UK; New York, NY, USA, pp. 433 - 531." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cribb 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As typical final hosts,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFD5A396DFC81F864" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[702,821,1917,1940]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD5A396DFD65F864" box="[702,721,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFD04396DFC81F864" box="[736,821,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
uses a range of fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFBA6396CFB4EF864" author="Crowcroft" box="[1090,1274,1916,1940]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Crowcroft, P. W. (1945) New trematodes from Tasmanian fishes (Order, Digenea. Family, Allocreadiidae). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 61 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1945">Crowcroft 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFAE2396CFA23F864" author="Holton" box="[1286,1431,1916,1940]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Holton, A. L. (1983) Life history of Coitocaecum parvum Crowcroft 1944 (Trematoda) from Canterbury, p. 106. In: Zoology. Vol. MS. University of Canterbury, Christchurch" type="book chapter" year="1983">Holton 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFF7339B0FEF5F848" author="Holton" box="[151,321,1952,1976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Holton, A. L. (1984 b) A redescription of Coitocaecum parvum Crowcroft, 1945 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from crustacean and fish hosts in Canterbury. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Holton 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFEBD39B0FD99F848" author="MacFarlane" box="[345,557,1952,1976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="MacFarlane, W. V. (1939) Life cycle of Coitocaecum anaspidis Hickman, a New Zealand digenetic trematode. Parasitology, 31, 172 - 184." type="journal article" year="1939">MacFarlane 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFDA939B1FC36F848" ID-CoL="WWNM" box="[589,898,1952,1976]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFDA939B1FC36F848" box="[589,898,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coitocaecum zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from eels, torrent fish (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFF7A39D4FE37F82C" ID-CoL="82X" box="[158,387,1988,2012]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cheimarrichthyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cheimarrichthyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFE2139D4FDD9F82C" ID-CoL="4PQB" box="[453,621,1988,2012]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Gobiomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFE2139D4FDD9F82C" box="[453,621,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gobiomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFEFFFFFFD5539D4FC9CF82C" ID-CoL="9M3" box="[689,808,1988,2012]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eleotridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFEFFFFFFCDA39D4FC4DF82C" author="Hine" box="[830,1017,1988,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hine, P. M., Jones, J. B. & Diggles, B. K. (2000) A checklist of the parasites of New Zealand fishes, including previously unpublished records p. 93. In: NIWA Technical Report 75. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand" type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Hine
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFEFFFFFFC9839D5FC1AF82C" box="[892,942,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFF0FFE0FF2D3E88FC38FECF" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FF2D3E88FE0FFF40" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[201,443,152,176]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FF2D3E88FE0FFF40" box="[201,443,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coitocaecum parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
infection is associated with smaller and narrower snails compared to uninfected snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFF0FFE0FF7A3EACFE34FF24" author="Lagrue" box="[158,384,188,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Lagrue, C., McEwan, J., Poulin, R. & Keeney, D. B. (2007 a) Co-occurrences of parasite clones and altered host phenotype in a snail-trematode system. International Journal for Parasitology, 37, 1459 - 1467." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Lagrue
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FF133EADFE9CFF24" box="[247,296,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This appears to be adaptive for the parasite by permitting an increased mass of reproductive tissues (sporocysts) for a given shell size (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFF0FFE0FD923ECFFCEDFF07" author="Lagrue" box="[630,857,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Lagrue, C., McEwan, J., Poulin, R. & Keeney, D. B. (2007 a) Co-occurrences of parasite clones and altered host phenotype in a snail-trematode system. International Journal for Parasitology, 37, 1459 - 1467." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Lagrue
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FD2B3EF1FCB5FF08" box="[719,769,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFF0FFE0FC893EF0FBEAFF07" box="[877,1118,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Lagrue, C., Waters, J. M., Poulin, R. & Keeney, D. B. (2007 b) Microsatellite loci for the progenetic trematode, Coitocaecum parvum (Opecoelidae). Molecular Ecology Notes, 7, 694 - 696." type="journal article">
|
||
Lagrue
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FC203EF1FC42FF08" box="[964,1014,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
developed markers for nine microsatellite (=short tandem repeat) loci, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFF0FFE0FD203F15FC75FEEC" box="[708,961,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Lagrue, C., McEwan, J., Poulin, R. & Keeney, D. B. (2007 a) Co-occurrences of parasite clones and altered host phenotype in a snail-trematode system. International Journal for Parasitology, 37, 1459 - 1467." type="journal article">
|
||
Lagrue
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FCC43F15FCE3FEEC" box="[800,855,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used this tool to show that multi-clone infections can occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FE783F38FDA5FEB0" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[412,529,296,320]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FE783F38FE1BFECF" box="[412,431,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FE583F39FDA5FEB0" box="[444,529,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
first intermediate host infections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFF0FFE0FF2D3F5CFD87FE3F" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
A substantial amount of research has examined aspects of the biology, ecology, and evolution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FAEE3F5DFA35FE94" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[1290,1409,333,356]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FAEE3F5DFAA9FE94" box="[1290,1309,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FACF3F5DFA35FE94" box="[1323,1409,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at other life stages, beyond the above citations. Interested readers can consult the literature for this work, most of which has been undertaken by Dr. Robert Poulin’s Evolutionary and Ecological Research Group at Otago University in Dunedin, South Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFF0FFE0FF2D3FCDFB61FDAF" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FF2D3FCDFE76FE04" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[201,450,477,500]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FF2D3FCDFE76FE04" box="[201,450,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coitocaecum parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from Tasmanian adult stages (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFF0FFE0FB9D3FCCFA8EFE04" author="Crowcroft" box="[1145,1338,476,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Crowcroft, P. W. (1945) New trematodes from Tasmanian fishes (Order, Digenea. Family, Allocreadiidae). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 61 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1945">Crowcroft 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). If the Tasmanian and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58CC760BFFF0FFE0FEA13C10FE6EFDE7" box="[325,474,511,535]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FE053C10FDE2FDE8" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[481,598,512,536]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FE053C10FE40FDE7" box="[481,500,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FDE53C11FDE2FDE8" box="[513,598,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are actually the same species, it is possible that the parasite was introduced to Tasmania with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FE823C35FDA1FDCC" box="[358,533,548,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Potamopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FE823C35FEC0FDCC" box="[358,372,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FE603C34FDA1FDCC" box="[388,533,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">antipodarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has been invasive in Tasmania since at least the 1800s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFF0FFE0FB1C3C34FA3BFDCC" author="Ponder" box="[1272,1423,548,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Ponder, W. F. (1988) Potamopyrgus antipodarum - a molluscan colonizer of Europe and Australia. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 54, 271 - 285." type="journal article" year="1988">Ponder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Determining the first intermediate host used by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FD4A3C58FC90FD90" ID-CoL="WWN4" box="[686,804,584,608]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FD4A3C58FD75FDAF" box="[686,705,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FD2B3C59FC90FD90" box="[719,804,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Tasmania would clarify this matter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2064369BFFF0FFE0FF2D3C7CFD69FD1F" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Citing ICZN Cord Art. 33.3.1,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="444A4B6AFFF0FFE0FDDA3C7CFCC7FD74" author="Yoshida" box="[574,883,620,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Yoshida, R. & Urabe, M. (2005) Life cycle of Coitocoecum plagiorchis (Trematoda: Digenea: Opecoelidae). Parasitology International, 54, 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="2005">Yoshida and Urabe (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argued that the original spelling of this genus (
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FF443C80FE80FD57" box="[160,308,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coitocoecum</emphasis>
|
||
Nicoll 1915) should be adopted. This may be due to a misunderstanding of what is meant by “prevailing use.” It is clear that prevailing use is of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7DB4D18FFF0FFE0FD0D3CA5FCC8FD3C" ID-CoL="7P3CM" box="[745,892,693,716]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Coitocaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12AFEA89FFF0FFE0FD0D3CA5FCC8FD3C" box="[745,892,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coitocaecum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including attribution to Nicoll 1915, justifying maintaining the “incorrect” spelling as is done here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |