treatments-xml/data/5A/55/00/5A5500FEFE5D82A4C94B4385D4E81407.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23f76539-1e71-4f87-b4ff-14044fefd1db" ID-PMC="PMC4233625" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-43-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C099F0AFF98FFCC5D14FFA25241FFDE" ID-PubMed="25408618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576253" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2003-43-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 43" ModsDocTitle="A revision of PassifloraL.subgenusDecaloba(DC.) Rchb.supersectionCieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal &amp; Feuillet (Passifloraceae)" checkinTime="1451251664511" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Porter-Utley, Kristen" docDate="2014" docId="5A5500FEFE5D82A4C94B4385D4E81407" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 43: 1-224" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 43" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804" docTitle="Passiflora megacoriacea Porter-Utley 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="4C099F0AFF98FFCC5D14FFA25241FFDE" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="4C099F0AFF98FFCC5D14FFA25241FFDE" masterDocTitle="A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal &amp; Feuillet (Passifloraceae)" masterLastPageNumber="224" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1668141264401" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal &amp; Feuillet (Passifloraceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Porter-Utley, Kristen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>43</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-43-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161677302" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A5500FEFE5D82A4C94B4385D4E81407" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A5500FEFE5D82A4C94B4385D4E81407" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
<subSubSection pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
16. 
<taxonomicName LSID="5A5500FE-FE5D-82A4-C94B-4385D4E81407" authority="K. Porter-Utley." authorityName="Porter-Utley" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea" status="sp. nov.">Passiflora megacoriacea K. Porter-Utley.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="111" pageNumber="112">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 50. Habit and flower of Passiflora megacoriacea. a Habit (Stapf 652) Scale bar = 8 mm. Photo taken in Panama by M. Stapf b Close up of flower from plant in Costa Rica. Scale bar = 8 mm. Photo by R. Ziller." pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs 50</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Distribution of Passiflora megacoriacea." pageId="111" pageNumber="112">, 51</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
<pageBreakToken pageId="112" pageNumber="113" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Passiflora scandens; stipulae 0.4-0.7 mm latae; petioli in parte proximali biglandulosi; folia peltata glandulosa bilobata vel obscure ad distincte trilobata, lobis centralibus obtusis ad acutis, lobis lateralibus acutis vel raro acuminatis, marginibus integris; pedunculi ebracteatis vel raro unibracteatis, stipites florum 1.7-5.7 mm longi; petala nulla; sepala 10.0-20.5 mm longa, viridiflava; filamenta coronae 2-seriata, filamentis exterioribus linearibus, 6.8-14.0 mm longis, pro parte maxima viridiflavis, ad apicem flavidis, interdum ad basim purpureis, filamentis interioribus capitatis, 2.3-5.6 mm longis, pro parte maxima viridiflavis, ad apicem flavidis, interdum ad basim purpureis; operculum plicatum; androgynophorum 4.1-10.0 mm longum; ovarium glabrum; fructus ellipsoidei; semina 4.9-5.1 mm longi, 3.0-3.1 mm lata, retifoveata.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
Type: Costa Rica. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
: bluff above mouth of river at 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moín">Moin</normalizedToken>
, about 7 km N of Limon, sunny clay bank along road, 9 Aug. 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">J. M. MacDougal 1204</emphasis>
(holotype: DUKE! [DUKE00274532]; isotypes: C!, CAS! [CAS00767084]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
Slender, climbing, perennial vine 2-4 m long or more, sometimes trailing on ground, sparsely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf and stem, 0.2-0.4 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, ca. 0.1 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.0-2.4 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 1.7-5.7 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 1.1-3.8 cm long, inserted 1.4-9.6 mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, with two, round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile or shortly stipitate (rare), saucer-shaped nectaries with flat rims, 1.3-2.1 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.4-1.6 mm high, commonly borne in the distal half of the petiole (0.30-)0.53-0.77 of the 
<pageBreakToken pageId="113" pageNumber="114" start="start">distance</pageBreakToken>
from the base toward the apex of the petiole. Laminas (2.7-)3.3-7.1(-8.2) cm long, 6.6-17.3 cm wide, sometimes glaucous beneath, coriaceous, peltate, transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed) or 3-lobed, lateral lobes 3.5-9.1 cm long, 3.7-25 cm wide, elliptic, acute to slightly attenuate, central lobe elliptic to ovate or present merely as an acute to obtuse tip, central vein 2.4-7.7 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion), angle between the lateral lobes 104-176°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 0.85-2.47, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 6-10, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.3-1.5 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.3-1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or inflorescences; inflorescences 5.6-11.7 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.6-9.0 mm long, 1.0-2.8 mm wide. Pedicels 4.4-17.5 mm long, 0.4-1.1 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) 1 (rare) or absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 29.5-56.7 mm in diameter with stipe 2.6-6.1 mm long, 0.9-1.4 mm wide; hypanthium (7.8-)8.1-16.1 mm in diameter; sepals 10.0-20.5 mm long, 4.3-12.1 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially very pale greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 31-40, 6.8-14.0 mm long, 0.4-1.1 mm wide, linear, dilated toward tips, erect, greenish yellow (5GY 8/4) with very light yellow tips (5Y 8/6), ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.48-0.85, the inner (12-)30-45, 2.3-5.6 mm long, 0.1-0.4 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow with whitish apices or greenish yellow with a mere flush of reddish purple (5RP 4/8-4/10) at the very base and whitish tips, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.30-0.52; operculum 2.1-4.2 mm long, plicate, flushed with reddish purple toward the base and whitish toward the tips, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.4-0.8(-2.3) mm high, 0.8-2.5 mm wide; limen recurved or rarely inclined slightly away from androgynophore, 0.4-1.3 mm high, 0.2-0.9 
<pageBreakToken pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="start">mm</pageBreakToken>
wide, whitish, limen floor 3.3-8.4 mm in diameter, whitish with reddish purple spots and streaks toward base; androgynophore 4.1-10.0 mm long, 0.9-1.9 mm wide, whitish at base with reddish purple spots and streaks becoming light greenish yellow toward apex; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.8-3.9 mm long, 0.5-1.3 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 2.8-4.4 mm long, 0.8-2.6(-5.1) mm wide; styles 3.2-6.7 mm long including stigmas, 0.3-0.7 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 1.2-2.5 mm in diameter; ovary 2.1-4.0 mm long, 1.4-3.6 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 24.0-27.0 mm long, 19.0-25.0 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, very dark purple (5P 2.5/2) with a glaucous bloom at maturity, immature fruit greenish yellow, sometimes mottled with white or yellow. Seeds (27-)45-50(-60), 4.9-5.1 mm long, 3.0-3.1 mm wide, 1.9-2.0 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 15-20 foveae.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 50" startId="F50">
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Figure 50.</emphasis>
Habit and flower of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">a</emphasis>
Habit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Stapf 652</emphasis>
) Scale bar = 8 mm. Photo taken in Panama by M. Stapf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">b</emphasis>
Close up of flower from plant in Costa Rica. Scale bar = 8 mm. Photo by R. Ziller.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 51" startId="F51">
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Figure 51.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama. Growing in shrubs or trees in secondary successional areas, along the edges of tropical moist to premontane wet forests, and near the seashore, 0-1100 m altitude.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is relatively common in Costa Rica and Panama. John MacDougal brought my attention to the variation of vegetative and floral characters of some of the Costa Rican and Panamanian specimens then identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<pageBreakToken pageId="115" pageNumber="116" start="start">Passiflora</pageBreakToken>
megacoriacea
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as noted above in the discussion of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is very similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and although not sympatric, without reproductive material it can be difficult to separate them. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be recognized by commonly having petiolar nectaries found on the distal half of the petiole, (0.30-) 0.50-0.77 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole, and although that overlaps the 0.21-0.54(-0.64) range of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the character is easily seen in herbarium specimens. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also possess deeply trilobed leaves (commonly 0.11-0.61 the distance to the base), especially in populations along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
Canal Zone, whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not possess deeply trilobed leaves (commonly less than 0.11 the distance to the base). The reproductive structures of these three species provide a number of distinguishing characters. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses floral stipes that are commonly less than half the length of the pedicels, whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess stipes that are usually two to three times the length of the pedicels and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has floral stipes that are commonly just shorter than or rarely up to two times the length of the pedicels. The overall size of the flower of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exceeds that of both 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
commonly having a wider hypanthium, longer sepals, larger and fewer outer coronal filaments, a longer androgynophore, longer staminal filaments, longer anthers, and a longer operculum. The most informative of these is the length of the androgynophore, with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having an androgynophore that is 6.9-8.8 mm long and the androgynophores of both 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not exceeding a length of 5.9 mm. In addition, the nectary floor is raised in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, never raised in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and only rarely raised in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The outer coronal filaments of both 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are erect, while those of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spread to ca. 140-160°. The flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are commonly referred to as white, greenish white, or cream on herbarium labels and this is due to it having no (or relatively little) reddish purple coloration in the mature flowers; the flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both commonly have a significant amount of reddish purple coloration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, WW" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="659 - 680" publicationUrl="10.2307/2407076" refId="B6" refString="Benson, WW, Brown, KS, Gilbert, LE, 1975. Coevolution of plants and herbivores: Passion flower butterflies. Evolution 29: 659 - 680, DOI: 10.2307/2407076" title="Coevolution of plants and herbivores: Passion flower butterflies." url="10.2307/2407076" volume="29" year="1975">Benson et al. (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(based on geography) has a different passionflower butterfly herbivore than 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1847" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Heliconius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconius cydno" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cydno">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Heliconius cydno</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported to be the primary herbivore of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
and southeastern Costa Rica, though 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Heliconius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconius erato" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erato">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Heliconius erato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also known to utilize this species. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Heliconius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconius erato" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erato">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Heliconius erato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the primary herbivore of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora coriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Hexapoda" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryas julia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Dryas julia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also an herbivore of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora sexocellata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexocellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora sexocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, WW" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="659 - 680" publicationUrl="10.2307/2407076" refId="B6" refString="Benson, WW, Brown, KS, Gilbert, LE, 1975. Coevolution of plants and herbivores: Passion flower butterflies. Evolution 29: 659 - 680, DOI: 10.2307/2407076" title="Coevolution of plants and herbivores: Passion flower butterflies." url="10.2307/2407076" volume="29" year="1975">Benson et al. 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
In an unpublished manuscript, MacDougal determined the total sugar concentration measured as sucrose equivalents in percent weight per total weight to be 29-44% in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora megacoriacea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacoriacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Passiflora megacoriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">MacDougal 409</emphasis>
). He found the flower odor to be sweet, waxy, and strong. These data indicate that the flowers are likely utilized by bees.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="specimens examined (paratypes)">
<paragraph pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Specimens examined (paratypes).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">COSTA RICA. Cartago:</emphasis>
Pasture beside 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Pejibaye, 2 km SW of Taus, 750 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Lent 2960</emphasis>
(F); Las Vueltas (de Tucurrique), 635 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Tonduz 12808</emphasis>
(US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Guanacaste:</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Guanacaste 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biología">Biologia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Cacao, 1100 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Alvarado 28</emphasis>
(CR, MO); Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
de la Vieja Liberia, Cordillera de Guanacaste, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Las Pailas, 800 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Espinoza 708</emphasis>
(CR, MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herédia">Heredia</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Los pastizales de la Finca de Napoleon Murillo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Chacon 778</emphasis>
(DUKE); Finca La Selva, the OTS Field Station on the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Puerto Viejo, just E of its junction with the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sarapiquí">Sarapiqui</normalizedToken>
, 100 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Grayum 2782</emphasis>
(DUKE); N base of hills to the S of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sarapiquí">Sarapiqui</normalizedToken>
, opposite Chilamate, 60-100 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Grayum et al. 5316</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Between Siquerres and the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Pacuare, and remnant forest on steep hills S of the railroad bridge over 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Pacuare, 50-100 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Burger &amp; Liesner 6868</emphasis>
(F, MO); Canton de Siquirres, llanura de Santa Clara, puente sobre 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Barbilla, 50 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Chavarria &amp; Solis 955</emphasis>
(MO); Talamanca, Sixaola, en la fila entre Gandoca &amp; Manzanillo frente a Punta Mona, 50-100 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Herrera &amp; Bloemen 7632</emphasis>
(F, MO, US); along beach between Port 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
and Moin, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Pittier 3630</emphasis>
(BM, US); Parque Puerto, Vargas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Poveda &amp; de Ramury 3270</emphasis>
(CR, F). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Puntarenas:</emphasis>
Carara National Park, near 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Carara, near guard post, 120 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Gentry et al. 79273</emphasis>
(CR, MO); Canton de Buenos Aires, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="cañon">canon</normalizedToken>
del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande de Terraba, cerca del Proyecto Boruca-ICE, 100 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Hammel et al. 17870</emphasis>
(CR, MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Claro 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Trail-Río">Trail-Rio</normalizedToken>
Claro, 0-150 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Kernan 131</emphasis>
(MO); Canton de Osa, R.B. Isla del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
de Osa, 1 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Lepiz 462</emphasis>
(MO); Burica 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
, unnamed quebrada opposite Quebrada Macho of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
, 11 mi. S of Puerto Armuelles, 20-200 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Liesner 184</emphasis>
(MO); Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biología">Biologia</normalizedToken>
Carara, 200 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Morales 1267</emphasis>
(MO); Bords du 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Platanar, Hacum, pres Buenos Aires, 250 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">H. Pittier 6584</emphasis>
(MO); Canton de Buenos Aires Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indígena">Indigena</normalizedToken>
Boruca, 200 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Rojas &amp; Zuniga 158</emphasis>
(CR, MO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<normalizedToken originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
. Canal Zone
</emphasis>
(currently separated into the provinces of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
and Panama): Shoreline of E side of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
Blanca Point across from front no. 8 light, Barro 
<pageBreakToken pageId="116" pageNumber="117" start="start">Colorado</pageBreakToken>
Island, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<pageBreakToken pageId="117" pageNumber="118" start="start">Croat</pageBreakToken>
6732
</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Majé">Maje</normalizedToken>
, along river from waterfalls near Bayano Lake to Finca of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
Indian Eduardo Maycha, ca. 2 mi. upstream, 30-60 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Croat 34557</emphasis>
(MO); vicinity of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
Railroad crossing at Guillard Hwy., across road from former Summit Hills golf course, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Croat &amp; Zhu 76290</emphasis>
(MO); between Chilibre &amp; Madden Dam on Transisthmian Hwy., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Dwyer &amp; Correa 9397</emphasis>
(MO); Forest preserve, near Green Park, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Folsom 228</emphasis>
(MO); Barro Colorado Island, SE of Gross Point, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Foster 2285</emphasis>
(DUKE); Barro Colorado Island, tower clearing, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Foster 769</emphasis>
(DUKE); Gaillard hwy., mi. 12-13, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Garwood 1861A</emphasis>
(F); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gatún">Gatun</normalizedToken>
Locks, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Gilbert 409</emphasis>
(FLAS); on brush along railroad, Summit Gardens, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Hammel 1787</emphasis>
(MO); ca. de Represa Madden, Campo de Exploradores, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Kant 21</emphasis>
(DUKE); junction of Chiva-Chiva and Gaillard Hwy., 50 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Knapp &amp; Schmalzel 4870</emphasis>
(MO); Pipeline Road, ca. 5 km from beginning, just NE of crossing of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Siristes, 128 m, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.166667">9°10N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.75">79°45 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">MacDougal et al. 6315</emphasis>
(MO); Around Alahajuela, Chagres Valley, 30-100 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Pittier 3456</emphasis>
(US); Boy Scout Road, Madden Dam area, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Porter et al. 4014</emphasis>
(MO, UC); Las Cascadas Plantation, near Summit, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Standley 29594</emphasis>
(US); Darien Station, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Standley 31617</emphasis>
(US); near Survival School, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curundú">Curundu</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Tyson 1054</emphasis>
(MO); Boy Scout Camp on Madden Lake, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Tyson 5454</emphasis>
(MO); Fort Clayton, no. 519, the old hospital building, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Tyson &amp; Blum 3901</emphasis>
(MO, US); Shore N of end of Chapman Trail, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Woodworth &amp; Vestal 501</emphasis>
(A, F, MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Vigue Beach, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Zetek 5564</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
near San Juan, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Seemann, s. n.</emphasis>
, 1844 (K). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
N rim of El Valle de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antón">Anton</normalizedToken>
, 600-1000 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Allen 1667</emphasis>
(MO); Forest behind Club Campestre, 700 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Duke 13270</emphasis>
(MO); Behind Hotel 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Turístico">Turistico</normalizedToken>
, El Valle, 2200 ft., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Hammel 1778</emphasis>
(MO); NE of El Valle de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antón">Anton</normalizedToken>
, 2000 ft., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Lewis et al. 1703</emphasis>
(MO); 2.4 km (air) N of the church at El Valle, 725 m, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.616667">08°37 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-80.13333">80°08 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">MacDougal &amp; Lezcano 6274</emphasis>
(MO); Above and N of El 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Copé">Cope</normalizedToken>
, road to the old saw mill that used to be called 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Whiskey”">&quot;Whiskey&quot;</normalizedToken>
near the continental divide, now a national park reserve, 484 m, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.65">08°39 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-80.583336">80°35 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">MacDougal et al. 6299</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
3 km S of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaqué">Jaque</normalizedToken>
, 0-100 ft., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
&amp; Sytsma 14553
</emphasis>
(MO); Hill ca. 1 mi. NE of Nura, 200 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Duke 10084</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">3</emphasis>
) (ECON, MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
1 km E of Chorrera City limits, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Folsom 3466</emphasis>
(MO); SE slope of Cerro Campana, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Lewis et al. 3130</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">San Blas:</emphasis>
on mainland in front of Ustupo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
9527
</emphasis>
(MO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
COLOMBIA. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Torrecilla, near Turbaco, 150-300 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Killip &amp; Smith 14415</emphasis>
(GH, US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>