284 lines
49 KiB
XML
284 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="B294029E7D2FB04F83E7B006B7E78FED" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440885" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630450697882" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2011" docId="7D5E87ADC03E555EFF714CDFD7C6FA19" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tylorida SIMON 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="802" masterDocId="8167FFD5C0695507FFAD4A40D36DFFF7" masterDocTitle="Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="879" masterPageNumber="713" pageNumber="800" updateTime="1699275123143" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9DF2C80486F9F0611889A9D3E79D9391">Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18DA4861DDBE8D488F10A9359753E6F1">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5C219F56A0954099D89A6661C22C32A7">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0D180CCD3C2EE5DCA1792FD299D62C9B">
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<mods:date id="EDA2CC0477836FDE801CEF83137430CC">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="802943E6A330B341E42E48C22B182DD2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00692.x</mods:url>
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<treatment id="7D5E87ADC03E555EFF714CDFD7C6FA19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D5E87ADC03E555EFF714CDFD7C6FA19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D5E87ADC03E555EFF714CDFD7C6FA19" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="802" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">
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<subSubSection id="BDED6530C03E5550FF714CDFD1BEF943" box="[220,723,1694,1716]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F54836BBC03E5550FF714CDFD1BEF943" blockId="87.[220,723,1694,1716]" box="[220,723,1694,1716]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">
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<heading id="AE0081D7C03E5550FF714CDFD1BEF943" box="[220,723,1694,1716]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C03E5550FF714CDFD287F944" ID-CoL="844C" ID-ENA="473179" authority="SIMON, 1894" authorityName="SIMON" authorityYear="1894" box="[220,490,1694,1716]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FF714CDFD221F945" box="[220,332,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">TYLORIDA</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC03E5550FEFB4CDED287F944" author="Simon E" box="[342,490,1694,1716]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" pagination="489 - 760" refId="ref74314" refString="Simon E. 1894. Historie naturelle des araignees 1. Paris: Librairie encyclodedique de Roret, 489 - 760." type="book chapter" year="1894">SIMON, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FE504CDED136F943" box="[509,603,1694,1716]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1215,1234]" captionTargetBox="[324,1283,196,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-222@5.[323,1283,195,1185]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 5. Webs of tetragnathids and outgroup taxa: A, Opadometa sp. from Chiang Mai, Thailand (65 cm horizontal) (DSCN3876). B, hub detail. C, Orsinome cf. vethi from Bang Lang National Park, Thailand (95 cm horizontal) (DSCN4297). D, Tetragnatha versicolor from Virginia, USA (65 cm horizontal) (DSCN3180). E, Tylorida striata from Khao Luang National Park, Thailand (35 cm horizontal) (DSCN4091). F, Parasteatoda sp. from Chiapas, Mexico (25 cm horizontal) (DSCN7996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440895/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">FIGS 5E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FDC74CDED1A6F943" box="[618,715,1694,1716]" captionStart-0="Figure 114" captionStart-1="Figure 115" captionStart-2="Figure 116" captionStart-3="Figure 117" captionStart-4="Figure 118" captionStartId-0="114.[144,223,1207,1226]" captionStartId-1="115.[164,243,1238,1257]" captionStartId-2="116.[144,223,1238,1257]" captionStartId-3="117.[164,243,1188,1207]" captionStartId-4="118.[144,223,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox-0="[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetBox-1="[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetBox-2="[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetBox-3="[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetBox-4="[304,1255,195,1377]" captionTargetId-0="figure-245@114.[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetId-1="figure-249@115.[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetId-2="figure-261@116.[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetId-3="figure-278@117.[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetId-4="figure-167@118.[303,1263,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId-0="114" captionTargetPageId-1="115" captionTargetPageId-2="116" captionTargetPageId-3="117" captionTargetPageId-4="118" captionText-0="Figure 114. Tylorida striata abdomen: A, tracheal spiracle. B, anterior lateral spinnerets. C, tracheal system dorsal view. D, tracheal spiracle posterior view. E, posterior median spinnerets. F, epiandrous fusules. G, posterior lateral spinnerets. All images from SEMFAP052." captionText-1="Figure 115. Tylorida striata cephalothorax: A, female dorsal view. B, female lateral view. C, male anterior view. D, male tangential view. E, male ventral view. F, female femora IV ectal view; insert, close up of trichobothria. All images from SEMFAP052." captionText-2="Figure 116. Tylorida striata epigynum: A, ventral view. B, accessory glands. C–F, copulatory and fertilization ducts. All images from SEMFAP052." captionText-3="Figure 117. Tylorida striata male pedipalp: A, dorsal view. B, ectal view. C, mesal view. D, male pedipalp patella and tibia. E, conductor and embolus. F, paracymbium. All images from SEMFAP052." captionText-4="Figure 118. Tylorida striata genital anatomy illustrations: A and B, male pedipalp bulb cleared. C, male pedipalp expanded. D, cleared epigynum ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441119" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441121" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441123" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441125" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441127" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5441119/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5441121/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5441123/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5441125/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5441127/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">114–118</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDED6530C03E555EFF094C86D7C6FA19" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="802" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F54836BBC03E5550FF094C86D1C4F90E" blockId="87.[164,779,1733,1785]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FF094C86D257F92C" box="[164,314,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">
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<typeStatus id="2A4C8819C03E5550FF094C86D3B5F92C" box="[164,216,1734,1755]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C03E5550FEE54C85D1AFF92C" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[328,706,1733,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FEE54C85D16FF92C" box="[328,514,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Tylorida striata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC03E5550FDB54C85D1D7F92C" author="Thorell T" box="[536,698,1733,1755]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" pagination="341 - 363" refId="ref75022" refString="Thorell T. 1877. Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Ragni di Selebes raccolti nel 1874 dal Dott. O. Beccari. Annali Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale Genova 10: 341 - 363." type="journal article" year="1877">Thorell, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="2A4C8819C03E5550FD794C85D066F92D" box="[724,779,1733,1754]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Type</typeStatus>
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specimen and depository museum unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F54836BBC03E5550FF094D5CD7E3F978" blockId="87.[164,779,1820,1903]" lastBlockId="87.[826,1441,1474,1680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FF094D5CD276F8C6" box="[164,283,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C03E5550FE8B4D5CD28CF8C5" box="[294,481,1820,1842]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FE8B4D5CD2EBF8C6" box="[294,390,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Tylorida</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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differ from other tetragnathids in the following combination of characters: femora IV with smooth trichobothrial shaft (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FCEF4F82D0DDFA2F" box="[834,944,1474,1496]" captionStart="Figure 115" captionStartId="115.[164,243,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-249@115.[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figure 115. Tylorida striata cephalothorax: A, female dorsal view. B, female lateral view. C, male anterior view. D, male tangential view. E, male ventral view. F, female femora IV ectal view; insert, close up of trichobothria. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441121/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Fig. 115F</figureCitation>
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); copulatory and fertilization ducts running parallel before entering the spermathecae (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FA884FA1D6F8FA00" box="[1317,1429,1505,1527]" captionStart="Figure 116" captionStartId="116.[144,223,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-261@116.[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figure 116. Tylorida striata epigynum: A, ventral view. B, accessory glands. C–F, copulatory and fertilization ducts. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441123/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Fig. 116C</figureCitation>
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); tegulum ventrally swollen (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FBDA4FBFD78BF9E2" box="[1143,1254,1535,1557]" captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="117.[164,243,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-278@117.[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="Figure 117. Tylorida striata male pedipalp: A, dorsal view. B, ectal view. C, mesal view. D, male pedipalp patella and tibia. E, conductor and embolus. F, paracymbium. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441125/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Fig. 117B</figureCitation>
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); cymbial dorsobasal process shorter than half the cymbial width and perpendicular to the cymbium longitudinal axis (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FCEF4C1BD0BEF986" box="[834,979,1627,1649]" captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="117.[164,243,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-278@117.[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="Figure 117. Tylorida striata male pedipalp: A, dorsal view. B, ectal view. C, mesal view. D, male pedipalp patella and tibia. E, conductor and embolus. F, paracymbium. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441125/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Fig. 117A, F</figureCitation>
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). The following description is based on our study of
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<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C03E5550FC7F4C3AD7EAF978" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[978,1159,1658,1679]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="87" pageNumber="800" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FC7F4C3AD7EAF978" box="[978,1159,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Tylorida striata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F54836BBC03E555FFC974C80D0A0F96F" blockId="87.[826,1442,1728,1903]" lastBlockId="88.[806,1422,1422,1903]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="801" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FC974C80D770F922" box="[826,1053,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Description: Female</emphasis>
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: body length
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<emphasis id="C783EAA9C03E5550FB104C80D7A2F922" box="[1213,1231,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">c.</emphasis>
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10.0 mm. Femora IV trichobothrial shaft not branched, shorter than half the femur length (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FBE74CBDD7D5F8E4" box="[1098,1208,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 115" captionStartId="115.[164,243,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-249@115.[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figure 115. Tylorida striata cephalothorax: A, female dorsal view. B, female lateral view. C, male anterior view. D, male tangential view. E, male ventral view. F, female femora IV ectal view; insert, close up of trichobothria. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441121/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Fig. 115F</figureCitation>
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). Ocular area lower than carapace lateral margins (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FB094D5CD658F8C6" box="[1188,1333,1819,1842]" captionStart="Figure 115" captionStartId="115.[164,243,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-249@115.[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figure 115. Tylorida striata cephalothorax: A, female dorsal view. B, female lateral view. C, male anterior view. D, male tangential view. E, male ventral view. F, female femora IV ectal view; insert, close up of trichobothria. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441121/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Fig. 115B, D</figureCitation>
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). Labium trapezoidal, wider than long, and rebordered. Sternum longer than wide (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC03E5550FB1D4D19D64CF898" box="[1200,1313,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 115" captionStartId="115.[164,243,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-249@115.[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figure 115. Tylorida striata cephalothorax: A, female dorsal view. B, female lateral view. C, male anterior view. D, male tangential view. E, male ventral view. F, female femora IV ectal view; insert, close up of trichobothria. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441121/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="800">Fig. 115E</figureCitation>
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). Anterior surface of chelicerae smooth; boss present (
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<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFDD64FCED187FA53" box="[635,746,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 115" captionStartId="115.[164,243,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-249@115.[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figure 115. Tylorida striata cephalothorax: A, female dorsal view. B, female lateral view. C, male anterior view. D, male tangential view. E, male ventral view. F, female femora IV ectal view; insert, close up of trichobothria. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441121/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 115B</figureCitation>
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). Secondary eyes with canoe-shaped tapetum. Eyes subequal in size, lateral eyes juxtaposed, and on a tubercle. Clypeus almost 1.5 times the AME diameter. Abdomen anteriorly projected and covered with silver guanine patches that form longitudinal lines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC031555FFD174C67D275F9AC" author="Tanikawa A" pageId="88" pageNumber="801" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref74959" refString="Tanikawa A. 2005. Japanese spiders of the genus Tylorida (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Acta Arachnologica Tokyo 53: 151 - 154." type="journal article" year="2005">Tanikawa, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1, 2). Booklung cuticle smooth. Tracheal spiracle near the spinnerets. Median tracheae not ramified, longer than half the lateral tracheae length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFF474CE1D2F2F940" box="[234,415,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figure 114" captionStartId="114.[144,223,1207,1226]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-245@114.[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figure 114. Tylorida striata abdomen: A, tracheal spiracle. B, anterior lateral spinnerets. C, tracheal system dorsal view. D, tracheal spiracle posterior view. E, posterior median spinnerets. F, epiandrous fusules. G, posterior lateral spinnerets. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441119/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 114A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). ALS with an extensive field of piriform spigots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFEDE4C80D28EF921" box="[371,483,1728,1750]" captionStart="Figure 114" captionStartId="114.[144,223,1207,1226]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-245@114.[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figure 114. Tylorida striata abdomen: A, tracheal spiracle. B, anterior lateral spinnerets. C, tracheal system dorsal view. D, tracheal spiracle posterior view. E, posterior median spinnerets. F, epiandrous fusules. G, posterior lateral spinnerets. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441119/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 114B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="93E6AE7EC031555FFE5A4C80D143F922" box="[503,558,1728,1749]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Peabody Essex Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">PMS</collectionCode>
|
||
with three aciniform spigots between the cylindrical and minor ampullate silk gland spigots but without any aciniform spigots over the anterior surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFDD64D5CD186F8C5" box="[635,747,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 114" captionStartId="114.[144,223,1207,1226]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-245@114.[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figure 114. Tylorida striata abdomen: A, tracheal spiracle. B, anterior lateral spinnerets. C, tracheal system dorsal view. D, tracheal spiracle posterior view. E, posterior median spinnerets. F, epiandrous fusules. G, posterior lateral spinnerets. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441119/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 114E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="93E6AE7EC031555FFF3D4D7AD3ADF8B8" box="[144,192,1850,1871]" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">PLS</collectionCode>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C031555FFEA94D7BD27BF8A7" box="[260,278,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">c.</emphasis>
|
||
20 aciniform spigots arranged in roughly parallel lines; distal end of aggregate spigots separated from tip of the flagelliform spigot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFABD4FCED6EFFA53" box="[1296,1410,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 114" captionStartId="114.[144,223,1207,1226]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-245@114.[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figure 114. Tylorida striata abdomen: A, tracheal spiracle. B, anterior lateral spinnerets. C, tracheal system dorsal view. D, tracheal spiracle posterior view. E, posterior median spinnerets. F, epiandrous fusules. G, posterior lateral spinnerets. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441119/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 114G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epigynal plate flat, copulatory openings ventrally orientated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFC194F8BD748FA16" box="[948,1061,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 116" captionStartId="116.[144,223,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-261@116.[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figure 116. Tylorida striata epigynum: A, ventral view. B, accessory glands. C–F, copulatory and fertilization ducts. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441123/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 116A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermathecae walls weakly sclerotized. Copulatory and fertilization ducts coiled, longer than the spermatheca length and cuticle well sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFBEA4C67D7D5F9CA" box="[1095,1208,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figure 116" captionStartId="116.[144,223,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-261@116.[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figure 116. Tylorida striata epigynum: A, ventral view. B, accessory glands. C–F, copulatory and fertilization ducts. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441123/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Figs 116F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFB654C67D66AF9CA" box="[1224,1287,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="118.[144,223,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[304,1255,195,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-167@118.[303,1263,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="Figure 118. Tylorida striata genital anatomy illustrations: A and B, male pedipalp bulb cleared. C, male pedipalp expanded. D, cleared epigynum ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441127/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">118D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Accessory gland ductiles concentrated near the duct junction, accessory glands acorn-shaped and in individual pits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFC834CC3D0ADF96F" box="[814,960,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 116" captionStartId="116.[144,223,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-261@116.[303,1263,196,1208]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figure 116. Tylorida striata epigynum: A, ventral view. B, accessory glands. C–F, copulatory and fertilization ducts. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441123/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 116B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A1886633C031555FFF3D4EBCD050FABD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5441065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441065/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801" startId="88.[144,223,1276,1295]" targetBox="[304,1263,197,1245]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="F54836BBC031555FFF3D4EBCD050FABD" blockId="88.[144,1422,1276,1354]" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C031555FFF3D4EBCD268FAF8" bold="true" box="[144,261,1276,1295]" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Figure 87.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C031555FFEBC4EBDD2C9FAF8" box="[273,420,1276,1295]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="801" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C031555FFEBC4EBDD210FAF8" box="[273,381,1277,1295]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
abdomen: A, male book cuticle. B, abdomen tracheal system dorsal view. C, tracheal spiracle posterior view. D, median tracheae ramifications. E, epiandrous fusules. F, lateral trachea tip. G, male posterior lateral spinnerets. H, female spinnerets. All images from SEMFAP048.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F54836BBC031555FFC924CE1D6E0F899" blockId="88.[806,1422,1422,1903]" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C031555FFC924CE1D013F941" box="[831,894,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Male:</emphasis>
|
||
size and somatic morphology similar to that of the female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFC7B4C80D706F922" box="[982,1131,1728,1750]" captionStart="Figure 115" captionStartId="115.[164,243,1238,1257]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-249@115.[323,1283,195,1209]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figure 115. Tylorida striata cephalothorax: A, female dorsal view. B, female lateral view. C, male anterior view. D, male tangential view. E, male ventral view. F, female femora IV ectal view; insert, close up of trichobothria. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441121/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 115C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="93E6AE7EC031555FFB2E4C80D7DEF922" box="[1155,1203,1728,1749]" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">PLS</collectionCode>
|
||
triplet reduced to nubbins. Epiandrous plate well sclerotized, fusules immersed in a transverse groove with their bases wider than fusule shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC031555FFBF04D5CD7A1F8C5" box="[1117,1228,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 114" captionStartId="114.[144,223,1207,1226]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-245@114.[303,1263,195,1177]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figure 114. Tylorida striata abdomen: A, tracheal spiracle. B, anterior lateral spinnerets. C, tracheal system dorsal view. D, tracheal spiracle posterior view. E, posterior median spinnerets. F, epiandrous fusules. G, posterior lateral spinnerets. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441119/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="801">Fig. 114F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palpal patella without macrosetae. Palpal femora very long, more than four times its width. Tibia length slightly more
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F54836BBC030555EFF094AC2D2EBFA1A" blockId="89.[164,733,130,154]" lastBlockId="89.[164,779,1221,1518]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">
|
||
<specimenCount id="E3F1FD32C030555EFF094AC2D26AFF6E" box="[164,263,130,154]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" type="generic">802 F.</specimenCount>
|
||
ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA and G. HORMIGA than one times its width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFE4F4E85D139FB2C" box="[482,596,1221,1243]" captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="117.[164,243,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-278@117.[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="Figure 117. Tylorida striata male pedipalp: A, dorsal view. B, ectal view. C, mesal view. D, male pedipalp patella and tibia. E, conductor and embolus. F, paracymbium. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441125/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 117D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paracymbium shorter than half the cymbium length, curved and with the distal margin swollen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFD8D4F42D1E3FAEF" box="[544,654,1282,1304]" captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="117.[164,243,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-278@117.[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="Figure 117. Tylorida striata male pedipalp: A, dorsal view. B, ectal view. C, mesal view. D, male pedipalp patella and tibia. E, conductor and embolus. F, paracymbium. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441125/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 117F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subtegulum ectally displaced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFE164F60D146FAC0" box="[443,555,1312,1335]" captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="117.[164,243,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-278@117.[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="Figure 117. Tylorida striata male pedipalp: A, dorsal view. B, ectal view. C, mesal view. D, male pedipalp patella and tibia. E, conductor and embolus. F, paracymbium. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441125/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 117C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conductor edges well sclerotized, median sections rigid but weakly sclerotized. Conductor-tegulum attachment membranous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFF5D4F3CD20EFA66" box="[240,355,1404,1426]" captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="117.[164,243,1188,1207]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-278@117.[323,1283,195,1158]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="Figure 117. Tylorida striata male pedipalp: A, dorsal view. B, ectal view. C, mesal view. D, male pedipalp patella and tibia. E, conductor and embolus. F, paracymbium. All images from SEMFAP052." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441125/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Figs 117E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFEDB4F3CD2DEFA65" box="[374,435,1404,1426]" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="118.[144,223,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[304,1255,195,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-167@118.[303,1263,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="Figure 118. Tylorida striata genital anatomy illustrations: A and B, male pedipalp bulb cleared. C, male pedipalp expanded. D, cleared epigynum ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441127/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">118C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Embolus base rectangular, longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFE2B4FDBD29BFA46" box="[390,502,1435,1457]" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="118.[144,223,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[304,1255,195,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-167@118.[303,1263,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="Figure 118. Tylorida striata genital anatomy illustrations: A and B, male pedipalp bulb cleared. C, male pedipalp expanded. D, cleared epigynum ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441127/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 118C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Embolus flexible and weakly sclerotized. Sperm duct with more than five coils (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFF454F98D214FA1A" box="[232,377,1496,1518]" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="118.[144,223,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[304,1255,195,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-167@118.[303,1263,195,1379]" captionTargetPageId="118" captionText="Figure 118. Tylorida striata genital anatomy illustrations: A and B, male pedipalp bulb cleared. C, male pedipalp expanded. D, cleared epigynum ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441127/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 118A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A1886633C030555EFF094E11D656FB75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441067" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5441067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441067/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" startId="89.[164,243,1105,1124]" targetBox="[323,1283,197,1076]" targetPageId="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="F54836BBC030555EFF094E11D656FB75" blockId="89.[164,1442,1105,1154]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFF094E11D274FB92" bold="true" box="[164,281,1105,1125]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Figure 88.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFE8B4E12D2D1FB92" box="[294,444,1106,1125]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Nanometa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFE8B4E12D2FFFB93" box="[294,402,1106,1124]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Nanometa</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cephalothorax: A, female tangential view. B, female dorsal view. C, female ventral view. D, female cheliceral denticles. E, male chelicera. F, male IV coxae dorsal view. All images from SEMFAP048.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F54836BBC030555EFF094C67D204F898" blockId="89.[164,779,1575,1903]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFF094C67D232F9CB" box="[164,351,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
There are nine described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFF094C05D269F9AD" authorityName="SIMON" authorityYear="1894" box="[164,260,1605,1626]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFF094C05D269F9AD" box="[164,260,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all from the Australasian region, with some species extending to western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8DE0762BC030555EFE504C24D1E3F98D" box="[509,654,1636,1658]" name="South Africa" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8DE0762BC030555EFD604C24D38EF96F" name="Cameroon" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFF5A4CC3D2BAF96F" author="Chrysanthus P" box="[247,471,1666,1689]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref67060" refString="Chrysanthus P. 1975. Further notes on the spiders of New Guinea II (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae). Zoologische Verhandlungen Leiden 140: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1975">Chrysanthus, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFE454CC3D1EFF96F" author="Davies VT" box="[488,642,1667,1689]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="273 - 332" refId="ref67603" refString="Davies VT. 1988. An illustrated guide to the genera of orb-weaving spiders in Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 25: 273 - 332." type="journal article" year="1988">Davies, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFD3E4CC3D3B2F940" author="Zhu MS & Song DX & Zhang JX" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" refId="ref75977" refString="Zhu MS, Song DX, Zhang JX. 2003. Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Beijing: Science Press." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Zhu
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFD614CC3D190F96F" box="[716,765,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFF5F4CE1D2CAF940" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[242,423,1697,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFF5F4CE1D2CAF940" box="[242,423,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Tylorida striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
builds horizontal webs with
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFD544CE2D066F940" box="[761,779,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">c.</emphasis>
|
||
20 spiral switchbacks,
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFE0B4C80D2DAF922" box="[422,439,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">c.</emphasis>
|
||
15 radii, an open hub, and an open sector (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFE964C9ED2FDF903" box="[315,400,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1215,1234]" captionTargetBox="[324,1283,196,1185]" captionTargetId="figure-222@5.[323,1283,195,1185]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 5. Webs of tetragnathids and outgroup taxa: A, Opadometa sp. from Chiang Mai, Thailand (65 cm horizontal) (DSCN3876). B, hub detail. C, Orsinome cf. vethi from Bang Lang National Park, Thailand (95 cm horizontal) (DSCN4297). D, Tetragnatha versicolor from Virginia, USA (65 cm horizontal) (DSCN3180). E, Tylorida striata from Khao Luang National Park, Thailand (35 cm horizontal) (DSCN4091). F, Parasteatoda sp. from Chiapas, Mexico (25 cm horizontal) (DSCN7996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440895/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The reproductive behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFF094CBDD140F8E4" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[164,557,1789,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFF094CBDD219F8E5" box="[164,372,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Tylorida ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFE2A4CBDD148F8E4" author="Thorell T" box="[391,549,1789,1811]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="341 - 363" refId="ref75022" refString="Thorell T. 1877. Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Ragni di Selebes raccolti nel 1874 dal Dott. O. Beccari. Annali Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale Genova 10: 341 - 363." type="journal article" year="1877">Thorell, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recently documented (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFEEF4D5CD1AAF8C5" author="Preston-Mafham KG & Cahill A" box="[322,711,1820,1842]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="415 - 420" refId="ref73438" refString="Preston-Mafham KG, Cahill A. 2000. Female-initiated copulations in two tetragnathid spiders from Indonesia: Leucauge nigrovittata and Tylorida ventralis. Journal of Zoology 252: 415 - 420." type="journal article" year="2000">Preston-Mafham & Cahill, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The web building behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFE7A4D7BD12DF8A7" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[471,576,1851,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFE7A4D7BD12DF8A7" box="[471,576,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFF094D19D208F898" author="Eberhard WG" box="[164,357,1881,1903]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="1067 - 1095" refId="ref67888" refString="Eberhard WG. 1982. Behavioral characters for the higher classification of orb-weaving spiders. Evolution 36: 1067 - 1095." type="journal article" year="1982">Eberhard (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F54836BBC030555EFC974E85D7C6FA19" blockId="89.[826,1441,1221,1518]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFC974E85D0D9FB2D" box="[826,948,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Taxonomy:</emphasis>
|
||
The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFB354E85D795FB2D" authorityName="SIMON" authorityYear="1894" box="[1176,1272,1221,1242]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFB354E85D795FB2D" box="[1176,1272,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains to be tested. The Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFB9B4EA3D79EFB0E" box="[1078,1267,1251,1273]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFB9B4EA3D7FBFB0F" box="[1078,1174,1251,1272]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recently treated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFC154F42D718FAEF" author="Zhu MS & Wu C & Song DX" box="[952,1141,1282,1304]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="25 - 32" refId="ref76007" refString="Zhu MS, Wu C, Song DX. 2002. A revision of the Chinese species of the genus Tylorida (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinnica 11: 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Zhu
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFC434F42D773FAE0" box="[1006,1054,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the Japanese species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFCF04F60D74DFAC1" author="Tanikawa A" box="[861,1056,1312,1334]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref74959" refString="Tanikawa A. 2005. Japanese spiders of the genus Tylorida (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Acta Arachnologica Tokyo 53: 151 - 154." type="journal article" year="2005">Tanikawa (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A previous phylogenetic analysis proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFC034F00D770FAA2" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[942,1053,1344,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFC034F00D770FAA2" box="[942,1053,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFB6E4F7FD678FAA3" authorityName="KULCZYNSKI" authorityYear="1911" box="[1219,1301,1343,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Mesida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFB6E4F7FD678FAA3" box="[1219,1301,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Mesida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFA814F7FD6F1FAA3" box="[1324,1436,1343,1365]" captionStart="Figure 141" captionStartId="141.[164,243,1350,1369]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,196,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-189@141.[323,1283,196,1321]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 141. Cladograms from previous studies on tetragnathid phylogeny: A, Hormiga et al. (1995) most parsimonious cladogram [130 steps, consistency index (CI) = 56, retention index (RI) = 72] based on morphological and behavioural data. B, Tanikawa (2001) most parsimonious cladogram (39 steps, CI = 61, RI = 71) based on morphological data. Jackknife support values above 51% are given under their corresponding nodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441174/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 141B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91664B4AC030555EFC974F1ED091FA83" author="Tanikawa A" box="[826,1020,1374,1396]" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" pagination="16 - 20" refId="ref74923" refString="Tanikawa A. 2001. Okileucauge sasakii, a new genus and species of spider from Okinawajima Island, southwest Japan (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Journal of Arachnology 29: 16 - 20." type="journal article" year="2001">Tanikawa, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The sister taxa relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFC974F3CD0F7FA66" authorityName="SIMON" authorityYear="1894" box="[826,922,1404,1425]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFC974F3CD0F7FA66" box="[826,922,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other Leucauginae genera are unresolved by the data set of morphology plus behaviour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFCEF4FF9D0BEFA38" box="[834,979,1465,1487]" captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="143.[164,243,1491,1510]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-93@143.[323,1283,194,1462]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="Figure 143. Strict consensus trees of parsimony analyses of the morphological and behavioural data set presented in Appendix 2: A, strict consensus cladogram of the five cladograms of minimal length obtained under equal weights of 1033 steps (consistency index = 26, retention index = 58); the consensus tree is ten steps longer. Bremer support values are given under the nodes. B, strict consensus of 11 optimal cladograms obtained with implied weights at concavities 1 to 100; the consensus tree is 101 steps longer than the equal weighted optimal cladograms. Symmetric resampling support values above 51% are given under each node. See text for additional details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441178/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 143A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the total evidence analysis
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFAEC4FF9D6CCFA39" authorityName="SIMON" authorityYear="1894" box="[1345,1441,1465,1486]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFAEC4FF9D6CCFA39" box="[1345,1441,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F74D38C030555EFC6D4F98D740FA1A" authorityName="THORELL" authorityYear="1890" box="[960,1069,1496,1517]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Orsinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="89" pageNumber="802" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C783EAA9C030555EFC6D4F98D740FA1A" box="[960,1069,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Orsinome</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DCC2A3EC030555EFB924F98D7F3FA19" box="[1087,1182,1496,1518]" captionStart="Figure 144" captionStartId="144.[144,223,1257,1276]" captionTargetBox="[367,1199,196,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-233@144.[367,1199,195,1227]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Figure 144. Preferred optimal cladogram from the study of Álvarez-Padilla et al. (2009). This tree is based on a combined analysis, using direct optimization methods, of multigene DNA sequences and the morphological and behavioural data set presented in Appendix 2. The single most parsimonious tree was 54 536 steps when all the data were analysed simultaneously. Numbers under each node correspond to the node numbers in Table 1 where all support values are plotted and the synapomorphies mapped." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5441180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5441180/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="802">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |