treatments-xml/data/62/68/CB/6268CB108666FFFBFF73E6605E787D00.xml

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<mods:title id="A8D237DDA908F5FCF00EE70E172F64C2">Espeletia restricta (Millerieae, Asteraceae), a new species from the páramos of northern Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A85F193B7C1AE3AF3F4729D949E692E6">Alzate, Fernando</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="249387CA37DBE5DB90E7BC1A25407682">Group of botanical studies-HUA Herbarium, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="99BA80854AC261DBE3798809089660A9">Giraldo, Sebastián</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4CBFEF1D982B9FA7CEB8466E9FFAF0CE">Group of botanical studies-HUA Herbarium, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="2DC101858666FFF9FF73E660592E7B0E" ID-CoL="6GSQF" authority="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[136,548,1044,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148666FFF9FF73E6605A527B0E" bold="true" box="[136,344,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="289">Espeletia restricta</emphasis>
Alzate &amp; Giraldo
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, 
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<emphasis id="D8B5A6148666FFF9FDD4E66159747B0E" box="[559,638,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="289">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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(
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, 
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).
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— 
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, páramo 
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, 
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a.s.l.
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, 
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(fl), 
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5220
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(
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: HUA! [2 sheets]; 
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: 
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!, COL!)
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.
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<taxonomicName id="2DC101858666FFF9FF73E6BC5A527BC2" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[136,344,1224,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148666FFF9FF73E6BC5A527BC2" box="[136,344,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="289">Espeletia restricta</emphasis>
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is a herb with a stem up to 
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tall, yellowish indument (grayish in 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858666FFF9FB6BE6BD5E337BC2" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1935" box="[1168,1337,1224,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148666FFF9FB6BE6BD5E337BC2" box="[1168,1337,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="289">E. occidentalis</emphasis>
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), laminae 24–40 × 
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; synflorescences 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38666FFF9FDEBE69859747A27" box="[528,638,1260,1287]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="289" unit="cm" value="36.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="23.0">23–50 cm</quantity>
long, 0.8–1.2(–1.5) times longer than the rosettes, bracts very variable in number and phyllotaxy; ray florets 31–42, disc florets 110–153.
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<emphasis id="D8B5A6148666FFF9FF46E7405A517A6E" box="[189,347,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="289">Caulirosulous</emphasis>
herbs with a stem usually not exceeding 
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tall but on occasions up to 
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, not ramified, erect, densely covered by marcescent leaves; stem diameter at rosette base 
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. Rosette 
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tall and 
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in diameter, appearance yellowish. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148666FFF9FDC7E70959807AB6" box="[572,650,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="289">Leaves</emphasis>
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long, alternate, simple, sessile. Laminae 
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× 
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, elliptic to oblong, symmetrical, gradually narrowing toward base, base truncate and obtuse, width at lamina base (0.7–)1.4(–3) cm, apex acute, apex shape usually straight but sometimes slightly acuminate, margins entire and slightly revolute. Blades coriaceous, flexible in all stages of development, adaxially rugulate, venular reticulum conspicuous, depressed; abaxially the midvein prominent, longitudinally striated, secondary nerves 
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apart, noticeably prominent, excurrently attached to the costa, regularly spaced in the center of the laminae and frequently becoming closer toward base and apex, deviation angle slightly uniform or increasing upwards, varying between 17°–44°, brochidodromous, occasionally weakly anastomosed with each other near the margin, intersecondary veins strongly developed when present, usually one per intercostal area, longer than the half of subjacent-secondary longitude, course proximally and distally parallel to main secondaries, tertiary nerves irregularly reticulated, forming a raised, tiny network with quaternary and quinary nerves, both of which are regularly polygonal reticulated; epimedial tertiaries reticulated and exterior tertiaries course variable, often ending at the margin. Areolation well developed, areoles of relatively consistent size and shape, minutely pilose on the inside. Marginal ultimate venation looped. Freely ending veinlets not visible. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148666FFF9FE8AE5245AC2784A" box="[369,456,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="289">Sheaths</emphasis>
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× 2.0– 
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, multinerved, ovate, apex obtuse, adaxially glabrous, greenbrown, abaxially the indument dense. 
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thyrsoid, usually 3–4(–7) coetaneous, 
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long, 0.8–1.2(– 1.5) times longer than the rosettes. Synflorescence’s main axe 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38666FFF9FCB7E5EC58B27893" box="[844,952,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5–13 mm</quantity>
in diameter above base, erect, basally rigid, distally flexible; proximal part 0.39–0.87 of total length, with a very variable number (0–8) and phyllotaxy of bracts, those being sometimes 1–3 pairs decussate, other times being 1 opposite basal pair followed by 1–6 alternate bracts or 2 basal decussate pairs followed by 1–4 alternate bracts, even in some cases all the bracts alternate and occasionally without bracts. Bracts, when present, 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFDCCE2EA59B67F99" box="[567,700,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9149999999999998" metricValueMax="2.33" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="cm" value="19.15" valueMax="23.3" valueMin="15.0">15–23.3 cm</quantity>
× 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFD25E2EA586A7F99" box="[734,864,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="cm" value="3.3" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.1">2.1–4.5 cm</quantity>
, oblong attenuate towards the base, with somewhat connate sheaths, apex acute, the lowermost ones at 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFD34E2B658297FFD" box="[719,803,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="0.0">0–8 cm</quantity>
above the base of the synflorescence, the following ones gradually decreasing upwards. Distal part of the synflorescence with 4–14 capitula, the most distal branch usually with 3 but sometimes with 1–2 capitula. Indument on axes and branches yellowish, dense, lanate, longer and less entangled in main axes, bracts with indument similar to leaves. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFCB0E35A58A77E68" box="[843,941,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Capitula</emphasis>
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFC4FE35A5F267E69" box="[948,1068,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="20.0">20–27 mm</quantity>
in diameter, radiate, usually erect, involucre subglobose, each capitulum with 143–186 flowers; ligular circle 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFC36E3265F4F7E4D" box="[973,1093,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="25.0">25–33 mm</quantity>
in diameter and disc 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFAC8E3265EA67E4D" box="[1331,1452,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Phyllaries becoming smaller inwards and giving the appearance of being distributed in 2–3 whorls, but actually spirally arranged; the external sterile ones usually 4–5, coriaceous, a basal opposite pair of them differentiated for being longer, triangular and with a markedly acuminate apex, meanwhile the remaining ones have acute or slightly rounded apex; the internal fertile ones 3–10, chartaceous, discontinuous, apex acute to rounded. Receptacles convex, glabrous, paleate. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFEA8E0735AC67D00" box="[339,460,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Ray florets</emphasis>
31–42; corollas true ray, yellow; tubes 1.2–2.0 mm long, densely pilose; limbs 7.2–9.9 × 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFF73E05E5A187D65" box="[136,274,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.6 mm</quantity>
, oblong to elliptic, apically 2–3-lobed, 7–10-veined. Style 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFC56E05E5F3F7D65" box="[941,1077,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="5.2" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.9 mm</quantity>
long, stigmatic branches 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFAACE05E5BBE7D49" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="3.55" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="2.5">2.5–4.6 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF05E03A5A517D48" box="[254,347,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Achenes</emphasis>
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFE9FE03A5AE77D49" box="[356,493,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.2 mm</quantity>
× 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFDF6E03A59927D49" box="[525,664,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.8 mm</quantity>
, obconic, triangular in transversal section, usually 3(–6)-ribbed, dark brown when mature. 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFE85E0075AC57DAD" box="[382,463,627,653]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pappus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pappus</taxonomicName>
absent. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFDCAE00759BC7DAC" box="[561,694,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Disc florets</emphasis>
110–153; corollas tubular yellow, throats 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFB65E0065E197DAD" box="[1182,1299,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="5.15" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="5.0">5–5.3 mm</quantity>
long, mostly glabrous, lobes 5, triangular, tubes 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFDE9E0E259937D91" box="[530,665,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.7 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFD1BE0E2583D7D90" box="[736,823,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Anthers</emphasis>
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFCC4E0E258CC7D91" box="[831,966,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="3.3499999999999996" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.9 mm</quantity>
long, apical appendage about 1/8 of anther lengths, rounded. Style 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFE75E0CE5AE07DF5" box="[398,490,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
long, stigmatic branches 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFCFFE0CE58807DF5" box="[772,906,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
long, broadening distally, papillose; rudimentary ovary present. 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFED6E0AB5A8B7DD8" box="[301,385,735,760]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pappus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFED6E0AB5A8B7DD8" box="[301,385,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Pappus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
absent. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFE26E0AA59217DD8" box="[477,555,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Paleae</emphasis>
7.0–8.7 × 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFD59E0AA58217DD9" box="[674,811,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.3 mm</quantity>
, elliptic, scarious, rigid, basally enclosing florets, usually 7-veined with veins occasionally ramifying dicotomically at medial-distal section, apex acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFAFF46E1525F647CD4" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF46E1525AC57C60" bold="true" box="[189,463,806,832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Indument description:</emphasis>
— 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFE10E15359337C60" box="[491,569,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Leaves</emphasis>
with indument thickly and densely lanate throughout, adaxially yellowish, forming a uniform cover, with the long trichomes straight to undulated, appressed and not so entangled. The costa abaxially sericeous, yellowish, the rest of the lamina with whitish and entangled trichomes. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFB52E11A5E0A7CA8" box="[1193,1280,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Sheaths</emphasis>
abaxially with a dense indument, trichomes long, barbate, undulated, ascending, whitish. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFC01E1E75F737C8C" box="[1018,1145,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Ray florets</emphasis>
densely pilose, trichomes glandular, multicellular, ascending or patent. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFD6EE1C358107CF0" box="[661,794,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Disc florets</emphasis>
with few external minute trichomes in the tube portion. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF73E1AE5BDC7CD4" box="[136,214,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Paleae</emphasis>
pubescent apically, on edges and abaxially, mostly over veins, glabrous adaxially.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2DB298D8665FFFAFF46E18A58D07930" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFAFF46E18A5E0A7B39" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" box="[189,1280,1022,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF46E18A5A427B38" bold="true" box="[189,328,1022,1048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The name refers to the extreme level of endemism in the distribution of this taxon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFAFF46E6565BFF7BD0" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF46E6565AF87B1C" bold="true" box="[189,498,1058,1084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Morphological affinities:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFDF6E65659EC7B1C" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[525,742,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFDF6E65659EC7B1C" box="[525,742,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Espeletia restricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFC5CE65659A97B40" authority="(Cuatrecasas 1942: 24) Cuatrecasas (2013: 216)" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Cuatrecasas" baseAuthorityPageNumber="24" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="occidentalis" subSpecies="antioquiensis">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFC5CE6565FA37B1C" box="[935,1193,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Espeletia occidentalis</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFAEDE6575EA17B1C" box="[1302,1451,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">antioquiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFF6BE6325A897B40" author="Cuatrecasas, J." box="[144,387,1094,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" pagination="16 - 39" refId="ref3769" refString="Cuatrecasas, J. (1942) Notas a la flora de Colombia, V. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 5 (17): 16 - 39." type="journal article" year="1942">Cuatrecasas 1942: 24</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFE69E63259A97B40" author="Cuatrecasas, J. &amp; Robinson, H. E. &amp; Wagner, W. L." box="[402,675,1094,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" refId="ref3968" refString="Cuatrecasas, J., Robinson, H. E. &amp; Wagner, W. L. (2013) A systematic study of the subtribe Espeletiinae (Heliantheae, Asteraceae). The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York, 689 pp." type="book" year="2013">Cuatrecasas (2013: 216)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
because both have a short stem, no more than 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFB49E6325FFF7B41" box="[1202,1269,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
, similar number of capitula per synflorescence (4–14) and distributed in the north of the Central Cordillera. 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFB75E61E5E517BA4" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[1166,1371,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFB75E61E5E517BA4" box="[1166,1371,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Espeletia restricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by the size of its synflorescences relative to the rosette length (less than 1.5 times longer than the rosette vs. 2–3 times longer than the rosette), indument colour (yellowish vs. greenish-white) and synflorescences total length (&lt;
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFAC4E6C65E8E7BED" box="[1343,1412,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
vs.&gt; 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFF64E6A25BE37BD0" box="[159,233,1238,1264]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFAFF46E68E58D07930" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF46E68E5AB47A34" bold="true" box="[189,446,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Taxonomic affinities:</emphasis>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFE20E68E580A7A34" author="Cuatrecasas, J. &amp; Robinson, H. E. &amp; Wagner, W. L." box="[475,768,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" refId="ref3968" refString="Cuatrecasas, J., Robinson, H. E. &amp; Wagner, W. L. (2013) A systematic study of the subtribe Espeletiinae (Heliantheae, Asteraceae). The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York, 689 pp." type="book" year="2013">
Cuatrecasas 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFD97E68F59A37A34" box="[620,681,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
proposed a taxonomical affinity for the 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFB1DE68E5EA17A34" box="[1254,1451,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFB1DE68E5E447A34" box="[1254,1358,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Espeletia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
occurring in the Western Cordillera of 
<collectingCountry id="92D63A968665FFFAFDBDE76A59B27A18" box="[582,696,1310,1336]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. These authors suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFBECE76B5BA47A7D" authority="Cuatrecasas (1977: 15)" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1977" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frontinoensis">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFBECE76B5FC07A18" box="[1047,1226,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. frontinoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFB28E76A5BA47A7D" author="Cuatrecasas, J." pageId="2" pageNumber="290" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref3846" refString="Cuatrecasas, J. (1977) Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, IX. Phytologia 38: 7 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 23374" type="journal article" year="1977">Cuatrecasas (1977: 15)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFECAE73759E67A7C" authority="Cuatrecasas (1980: 10)" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1980" box="[305,748,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praefrontina">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFECAE7375AD47A7C" box="[305,478,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. praefrontina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFE1DE73659E67A7C" author="Cuatrecasas, J." box="[486,748,1346,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref3882" refString="Cuatrecasas, J. (1980) Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XII. Phytologia 47: 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4450" type="journal article" year="1980">Cuatrecasas (1980: 10)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both species endemic of the Western Cordillera. The last two species form a clade that also would include 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFD8EE713582B7AA0" authorityName="Schultz Bipontius ex Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1933" box="[629,801,1382,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hartwegiana">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFD8EE713582B7AA0" box="[629,801,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. hartwegiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFCAFE71358F17AA0" authorityName="Cuatrecasas" authorityYear="1942" box="[852,1019,1382,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pycnophylla">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFCAFE71358F17AA0" box="[852,1019,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. pycnophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, species with a wider distribution.As a basal group to this clade, 
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFE59E7FE59BC7A84" author="Cuatrecasas, J. &amp; Robinson, H. E. &amp; Wagner, W. L." box="[418,694,1418,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" refId="ref3968" refString="Cuatrecasas, J., Robinson, H. E. &amp; Wagner, W. L. (2013) A systematic study of the subtribe Espeletiinae (Heliantheae, Asteraceae). The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York, 689 pp." type="book" year="2013">
Cuatrecasas 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFDD5E7FF596C7A84" box="[558,614,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
proposed 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFCD2E7FF5FBA7A84" box="[809,1200,1418,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="occidentalis" subSpecies="antioquensis">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFCD2E7FF58C47A84" box="[809,974,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. occidentalis</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFBD9E7FF5FBA7A84" box="[1058,1200,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">antioquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the same work, the authors suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFE70E7DB58127AE8" box="[395,792,1454,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="occidentalis" subSpecies="antioquensis">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFE70E7DB59387AE8" box="[395,562,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. occidentalis</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFD71E7DB58127AE8" box="[650,792,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">antioquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFC57E7DB5BA67ACC" authority="Humboldt &amp; Bonpland (1808: 11)" authorityName="Humboldt &amp; Bonpland" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1808" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFC57E7DB5F477AE8" box="[940,1101,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. grandiflora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFBADE7DA5BA67ACC" author="Humboldt, F. W. H. L. &amp; Bonpland, A. J. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="290" refId="ref4173" refString="Humboldt, F. W. H. L. &amp; Bonpland, A. J. A. (1808) Plantae Aequinoctiales 2 (9). De l'imprimerie de J. Smith, Paris, 191 pp." type="book" year="1808">Humboldt &amp; Bonpland (1808: 11)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which occurs at the Eastern Cordillera. 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFD8FE7A658487ACC" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[628,834,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFD8FE7A658487ACC" box="[628,834,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Espeletia restricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed at the same Cordillera as 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFAFFE7A75EA17ACC" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1935" box="[1284,1451,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFAFFE7A75EA17ACC" box="[1284,1451,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and both have the morphological traits that suggest their taxonomic affinity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2DB298D8665FFFBFF46E46E5E787D00" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFAFF46E46E5F1A79C9" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF46E46E595F7914" bold="true" box="[189,597,1562,1588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Distribution, habitat and ecology:</emphasis>
—The new species have been collected only in two areas of the páramo of Sonsón, Department of 
<collectingRegion id="2805B4E48665FFFAFE69E44A59087978" box="[402,514,1598,1624]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
in the northern Andes Cordillera. Although the total area of the páramo is 8707 ha, 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFF73E4175A0C795C" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[136,262,1635,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF73E4175A0C795C" box="[136,262,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. restricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only grows in an area of approximately 2 ha, at elevations between 3300 and 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38665FFFAFB8DE4165FC1795D" box="[1142,1227,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.363" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="3363.0">3363 m</quantity>
a.s.l. The habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFF73E4F35A0C7980" box="[136,262,1671,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rectricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF73E4F35A0C7980" box="[136,262,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">E. rectricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a vegetation characterized by a very dense and diverse páramo flora, dominated by representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFF73E4DE5A0C79E4" box="[136,262,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFEE8E4DE5AA779E4" box="[275,429,1706,1732]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFE1CE4DF594979E5" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[487,579,1707,1733]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
families. The dominant vegetation corresponds to shrublands with abundant small plants of the genera 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFE54E4BA585E79C8" box="[431,852,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFE54E4BA592479C8" box="[431,558,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cortaderia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cortaderia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFDC2E4BB585E79C8" authority=", Paepalanthus" authorityName="Paepalanthus" box="[569,852,1742,1769]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Guzmania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Guzmania, Paepalanthus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFC70E4BB5F0379C8" box="[907,1033,1743,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Disterigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFC70E4BB5F0379C8" box="[907,1033,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Disterigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFAFF46E48658FC7874" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
The Sonsón páramo complex is located in the Central Cordillera of 
<collectingCountry id="92D63A968665FFFAFC4EE4865F2C782C" box="[949,1062,1778,1804]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, southern department of 
<collectingRegion id="2805B4E48665FFFAFAC0E4865EA1782C" box="[1339,1451,1778,1804]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
and northern department of 
<collectingRegion id="2805B4E48665FFFAFE3BE56259067810" box="[448,524,1814,1840]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Caldas</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFDE1E56259ED7810" author="Alzate, F. &amp; Jimenez, J. &amp; Sarrazola, H." box="[538,743,1814,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" pagination="19 - 42" refId="ref3501" refString="Alzate, F., Jimenez, J. &amp; Sarrazola, H. (2016) Sonson, un nuevo complejo de paramos en Colombia. In: Quijano, M. (Ed.) Flora del Oriente Antioqueno. Biodiversidad, Ecologia y Estrategias de Conservacion. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Coleccion Jorge Alvarez Lleras Numero 30, Bogota, pp. 19 - 42." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Alzate 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFD97E56359977810" box="[620,669,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The mountain topography of this region allows to have scarce páramo zones, most of the time isolated from one another (
<bibRefCitation id="8E5007F78665FFFAFCE7E54E58E07874" author="Alzate, F. &amp; Jimenez, J. &amp; Sarrazola, H." box="[796,1002,1850,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" pagination="19 - 42" refId="ref3501" refString="Alzate, F., Jimenez, J. &amp; Sarrazola, H. (2016) Sonson, un nuevo complejo de paramos en Colombia. In: Quijano, M. (Ed.) Flora del Oriente Antioqueno. Biodiversidad, Ecologia y Estrategias de Conservacion. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Coleccion Jorge Alvarez Lleras Numero 30, Bogota, pp. 19 - 42." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Alzate 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFC95E54F58AC7874" box="[878,934,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFAFF73E52A5AA578E1" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFF73E52A5A5D7858" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[136,343,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF73E52A5A5D7858" box="[136,343,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Espeletia restricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations are found in the southern part of the Central Cordillera of Department of 
<collectingRegion id="2805B4E48665FFFAFACFE52A5EAD7858" box="[1332,1447,1886,1912]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
, while other species of 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858665FFFAFE71E5F65AF878BC" authorityName="Mutis ex Humboldt &amp; Bonpland" authorityYear="1808" box="[394,498,1922,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFE71E5F65AF878BC" box="[394,498,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Espeletia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing in the nearest area of this Cordillera are separated by a depression formed due to Porce river canyon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068665FFFBFF46E5BE5E407E04" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2057]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,545]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148665FFFAFF46E5BE5AB978C4" bold="true" box="[189,435,1994,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="290">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—This new species has a very restricted distribution and the populations have a low number of individuals, which makes it very susceptible to any environmental change, such as those generated by climate change and anthropic activities. Considering these conditions, it is evident that 
<taxonomicName id="2DC101858664FFFBFBF5E2EB5F877F98" authorityName="Alzate &amp; Giraldo" authorityYear="2020" box="[1038,1165,159,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restricta">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148664FFFBFBF5E2EB5F877F98" box="[1038,1165,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">E. restricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is under a very high risk of extinction, since the possible area of occupation of the species would be reduced in a scenario of global warming. Using the occurrence data and based on the assessment carried out on GeoCat, the species was found Critically Endangered (CR) for both IUCN metrics, the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA7E7A068664FFFBFF46E35A5E787D00" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148664FFFBFF46E35A59437E68" bold="true" box="[189,585,302,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Additional specimens examined:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="5AA9705B8664FFFBFD9DE35A59797EB0" collectingDate="2011-10-07" collectorName="de Sonson &amp; F. Alzate &amp; O. Diaz &amp; S. Varela &amp; P. Perez &amp; S. Murillo" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Sonson" elevation="3370" latitude="5.726111" location="Cerro de Las Palomas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.24944" municipality="Vereda La Paloma" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia">
<collectingCountry id="92D63A968664FFFBFD9DE35A59F47E68" box="[614,766,302,328]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="2805B4E48664FFFBFCF1E35A58757E68" box="[778,895,302,328]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="031F028A8664FFFBFC76E35A5F687E68" box="[909,1122,302,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Municipio Sonsón</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="0A1AE07C8664FFFBFB8BE35A5E427E68" box="[1136,1352,302,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Vereda La Paloma</collectingMunicipality>
, páramo 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFF73E3265BF57E4C" box="[136,255,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">de Sonsón</collectorName>
, 
<location id="EF1E2CDD8664FFFBFEF1E326590F7E4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6268CB108666FFFBFF73E6605E787D00:EF1E2CDD8664FFFBFEF1E326590F7E4C" box="[266,517,338,365]" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Sonson" latitude="5.726111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.24944" municipality="Vereda La Paloma" name="Cerro de Las Palomas" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" stateProvince="Antioquia">Cerro de Las Palomas</location>
, 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38664FFFBFDEBE32659617E4C" box="[528,619,338,364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="3370.0">
<elevation id="61EC9D358664FFFBFDEBE32659617E4C" box="[528,619,338,364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="3370.0">3370 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.a.s.l, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="9E7F5CC68664FFFBFC22E3275F8D7E4C" box="[985,1159,338,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" value="2011-10-07">
<collectingDate id="8E3BA52E8664FFFBFC22E3275F8D7E4C" box="[985,1159,338,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" value="2011-10-07">7 October 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148664FFFBFB3AE32759127EB0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFB3AE3275E2C7E4C" box="[1217,1318,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">F. Alzate</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFACAE3275E817E4D" box="[1329,1419,339,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">O. Díaz</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFA6DE3275BD97EB0" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">S. Varela</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFF1BE3035A367EB1" box="[224,316,375,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">P. Pérez</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFE9FE3035ADD7EB0" box="[356,471,374,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">S. Murillo</collectorName>
4234
</emphasis>
(HUA)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="5AA9705B8664FFFBFD7AE30258647EF8" collectingDate="2012-06-16" collectorName="de Sonson &amp; O. Diaz &amp; S. Varela &amp; P. Perez &amp; M. Hincapie" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Sonson" elevation="3250" latitude="5.7255554" location="Cerro de Las Palomas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.25" municipality="Vereda San Francisco" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="031F028A8664FFFBFD7AE30258597EB0" box="[641,851,374,400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Municipio Sonsón</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="0A1AE07C8664FFFBFC9BE3025F537EB0" box="[864,1113,374,400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Vereda San Francisco</collectingMunicipality>
, páramo 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFB38E3025E317EB0" box="[1219,1339,374,400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">de Sonsón</collectorName>
, 
<location id="EF1E2CDD8664FFFBFAB3E3025A137E94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6268CB108666FFFBFF73E6605E787D00:EF1E2CDD8664FFFBFAB3E3025A137E94" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Sonson" latitude="5.7255554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.25" municipality="Vereda San Francisco" name="Cerro de Las Palomas" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Cerro de Las Palomas</location>
, alrededores de la escuela para subir a la cima del cerro, 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38664FFFBFC6BE3EE58E07E94" box="[912,1002,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="3250.0">
<elevation id="61EC9D358664FFFBFC6BE3EE58E07E94" box="[912,1002,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="3250.0">3250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.a.s.l, 
<geoCoordinate id="8FF51CC18664FFFBFBDDE3EE5FA07E95" box="[1062,1194,410,437]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" precision="15" seconds="32" value="5.7255554">5°43’32” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8FF51CC18664FFFBFB4EE3EE5E417E95" box="[1205,1355,410,437]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-75.25">75°15’00” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="9E7F5CC68664FFFBFAAEE3EE5BCA7EF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" value="2012-06-16">
<collectingDate id="8E3BA52E8664FFFBFAAEE3EE5BCA7EF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" value="2012-06-16">16 June 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis id="D8B5A6148664FFFBFF01E3CB581E7EF8" box="[250,788,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFF01E3CB5A5F7EF9" box="[250,341,447,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">O. Díaz</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFE9AE3CB5AC37EF8" box="[353,457,446,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">S. Varela</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFE2EE3CB593A7EF9" box="[469,560,447,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">P. Pérez</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFDAEE3CB59E87EF9" box="[597,738,447,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">M. Hincapié</collectorName>
861
</emphasis>
(HUA)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="5AA9705B8664FFFBFC81E3CA5E647D00" collectingDate="2009-10-16" collectorName="de Sonson &amp; F. Alzate &amp; A. Alvarez &amp; J. P. Naranjo &amp; J. Marin &amp; N. Montano &amp; S. Lopez &amp; A. Diez &amp; S. Monsalve &amp; W. Berti &amp; S. Villa &amp; E. Ospina" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Sonson" elevation="3370" latitude="5.726111" location="Cerro de Las Palomas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.24944" municipality="Vereda La Paloma" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="031F028A8664FFFBFC81E3CA5F467EF8" box="[890,1100,446,472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Municipio Sonsón</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="0A1AE07C8664FFFBFBA3E3CA5E237EF8" box="[1112,1321,446,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Vereda La Paloma</collectingMunicipality>
, páramo 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFA6AE3CA5BD77EDC" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">de Sonsón</collectorName>
, 
<location id="EF1E2CDD8664FFFBFF11E3965AED7EDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6268CB108666FFFBFF73E6605E787D00:EF1E2CDD8664FFFBFF11E3965AED7EDC" box="[234,487,482,509]" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Sonson" latitude="5.726111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.24944" municipality="Vereda La Paloma" name="Cerro de Las Palomas" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">Cerro de Las Palomas</location>
, 
<quantity id="2D39D7E38664FFFBFE08E39659457EDC" box="[499,591,482,508]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="3370.0">
<elevation id="61EC9D358664FFFBFE08E39659457EDC" box="[499,591,482,508]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="3370.0">3370 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.a.s.l, 
<geoCoordinate id="8FF51CC18664FFFBFD76E39658197EDD" box="[653,787,482,509]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" precision="15" seconds="34" value="5.726111">5°43’34” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8FF51CC18664FFFBFCE4E39658BD7EDD" box="[799,951,482,509]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-75.24944">75°14’58” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="9E7F5CC68664FFFBFC38E3965F887EDC" box="[963,1154,482,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" value="2009-10-16">
<collectingDate id="8E3BA52E8664FFFBFC38E3965F887EDC" box="[963,1154,482,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" value="2009-10-16">16 October 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr), 
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<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFB44E3975E2E7EDC" box="[1215,1316,482,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">F. Alzate</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFAD4E3975EAD7EDF" box="[1327,1447,483,511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">A. Álvarez</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFF73E0735A1D7D00" box="[136,279,519,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">J.P. Naranjo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFED9E0735A8C7D01" box="[290,390,519,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">J. Marín</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFE6AE07359137D00" box="[401,537,519,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">N. Montaño</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFDDEE073598D7D01" box="[549,647,519,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">S. López</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFD6AE07359EC7D00" box="[657,742,519,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">A. Diez</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFD0AE07358777D00" box="[753,893,518,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">S. Monsalve</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFC73E07358EC7D00" box="[904,998,519,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">W. Berti</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFC0AE0735F4B7D00" box="[1009,1089,518,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">S. Villa</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="47341FD08664FFFBFB9EE0735FDF7D01" box="[1125,1237,519,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="291">E. Ospina</collectorName>
3337
</emphasis>
(HUA)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>