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<document id="6D60C1378641A6EC17DE3453659F7748" ID-CLB-Dataset="8611" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4468167" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e14407e6-33f9-4388-9099-9ac2dbc11f6b" ID-ISSN="ISSN 0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4468167" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611663805109" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gustafson, Grey T. &amp; Short, Andrew E. Z." docDate="2010" docId="03DD87F7000FFF8622BAFF005C2AD846" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.50.2.459-469.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 50 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Phaenostoma kontax Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="465" masterDocId="FFE4FF8F000AFF80230CFFDB5D55DA75" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Phaenostoma (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="469" masterPageNumber="459" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1698925430421" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="9D5532073FC644CDFF9106313F64DA6F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8A77281BB454EC2EB89D18EB49B4CAAC">
<mods:title id="BCBBFE14325DB7FEEAC5E713473F4926">Redescription of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Phaenostoma (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with description of two new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0D67388E7ABF3D0341BB785E0708FFAE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B18EF456C5C3013A20BAE337E9F42C5F">
<mods:roleTerm id="DA7179EA331E3D46F37B71D3C78DD6A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D58AFD496CC5DBAE98FE9FEB5D886CA2">Gustafson, Grey T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4555AF57A5A6920CC7C5E885AAB91415">1,2) &amp;) &amp;) Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, KS 66045, USA; e-mails: GTG: gtgustafson @ gmail. com, AEZS: aezshort @ ku. edu &amp; 1,2) &amp;) Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 8713, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="631BEC4D66B6A079D66B2565336D6E50" type="personal">
<mods:role id="39448102CDD13BC606CF140732774ACA">
<mods:roleTerm id="6D0AB70BFB66E7584D276E572753C866">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7D8315EF6CE80BB58FB8E7680727B181">Short, Andrew E. Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="555A8DFCEB77E717871746EC939A7349">1,2) &amp;) &amp;) Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, KS 66045, USA; e-mails: GTG: gtgustafson @ gmail. com, AEZS: aezshort @ ku. edu</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ABC20F7387568D96BA14D03EFFB3ED11">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F85A6716D1FA0EBD8BC91C20184D788A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="AD2B975429DDFE97F56A8E989ABAF81A">
<mods:title id="00EBCB9C7468908A50CA9C8441B86CBE">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D323718D138D2A938BB026D055CC9133">
<mods:date id="1AFAFA133DEDD7AE377B4B653B933C4B">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E0B742AD21A248892BAE2E418FBFD8A5" type="series">
<mods:title id="F931AD58630921C6DD51674EDDB71442">suppl.</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="99D07BE99A262F63205EF3E2E312069E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="62D619DC6A7DB521C38DC4FE9F73703D">2010-12-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AD059DC6B2727BF35A4045C6256962F3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BEE3F20718986CC793687FB43E6D963A">50</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0D30C26AEE7D8143AF99D4817917E762" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D15082B9F9CF934103AF9FE1261C0980">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="0FB3A09536001C1DF8B175691DC43553" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9F9038F509AB452BA4DD194BE4D4BD8A">459</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E46D7839BC71C2DDED02C4C8ED23C828">469</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="B14821A8330DD481189CC17F3B6211EE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3C6A99BB18CF6A86E651E8E7B0B78D04" type="CLB-Dataset">8611</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="222F34A0A6C5E5BD79C21FB89444E04F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4468167</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="344278D02A411A17EECE7702BDB64923" type="GBIF-Dataset">e14407e6-33f9-4388-9099-9ac2dbc11f6b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A2C7B9A457D3FACF9C43726EF70254F" type="ISSN">ISSN0374-1036</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D72A7C07A68E452FBF16BB1D83F877A9" type="Zenodo-Dep">4468167</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DD87F7000FFF8622BAFF005C2AD846" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4477063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177136741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4477063" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87F7000FFF8622BAFF005C2AD846" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87F7000FFF8622BAFF005C2AD846" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000FFF8522BAFF005FA9DA86" box="[438,764,219,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF8522BAFF005FA9DA86" blockId="5.[438,764,219,243]" box="[438,764,219,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="D083818D000FFF8522BAFF005FA9DA86" bold="true" box="[438,764,219,243]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF8522BAFF005FA9DA86" bold="true" box="[438,764,219,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF8522BAFF005FCADA86" ID-CoL="4FM8C" authority="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs, 2010" authorityName="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs" authorityYear="2010" box="[438,671,219,243]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kontax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF8522BAFF005FCADA86" bold="true" box="[438,671,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Phaenostoma kontax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335788000FFF8521A9FF005FA9DA86" box="[677,764,219,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000FFF85211DFF225FF4DB79" box="[529,673,249,269]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85211DFF225FF4DB79" blockId="5.[113,1090,249,505]" box="[529,673,249,269]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
(
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF85211BFF225F36DB78" box="[535,611,249,269]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[114,146,919,938]" captionTargetBox="[129,1072,219,890]" captionTargetId="figure-237@3.[129,1072,219,890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Sternal process of Phaenostoma species. A – P. kontax sp. nov.; B – P. posticatum (Sharp, 1887); C – P. stochasma sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468171/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF852160FF215F2DDB78" box="[620,632,250,269]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[822,854,1502,1521]" captionTargetBox="[113,806,1275,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-452@5.[113,807,1275,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Elytron of Phaenostoma kontax sp. nov. A – entire elytron; B – enlargement of elytral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468173/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF85218DFF225FCEDB79" box="[641,667,249,268]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,182,1050,1069]" captionTargetBox="[165,1113,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-147@8.[165,1113,216,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Aedeagi of Phaenostoma species. A – P. posticatum (Sharp, 1887) (Costa Rica); B – P. kontax sp. nov. (holotype); C – P. stochasma sp. nov. (holotype; Costa Rica); D – P. stochasma sp. nov. (paratype; Venezuela). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468175/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">4B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000FFF85237DFEC75EB3DB8C" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85237DFEC75E28DB5A" blockId="5.[113,1090,249,505]" box="[113,893,283,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85237DFEC75DB8DB5A" bold="true" box="[113,237,283,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<typeStatus id="54CF8843000FFF85237DFEC75DCADB5A" box="[113,159,284,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3637671000FFF8523FEFEC75C4EDB5A" box="[242,283,284,303]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B0F803000FFF852228FEC75C08DB5A" box="[292,349,284,303]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Loreto</collectingRegion>
Department, Campamento San Jacinto,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405026000FFF8521B9FEC75E5DDB5A" box="[693,776,283,303]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="18.75" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" precision="9" value="-2.3125">
2º18.75
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF8521FAFEC05FAEDB5A" bold="true" box="[758,763,283,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">′</emphasis>
S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405026000FFF85201DFEC75E2CDB5A" box="[785,889,283,303]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="51.77" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" precision="9" value="-75.86283">
75º51.77
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF852051FEC05E37DB5A" bold="true" box="[861,866,283,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">′</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85237DFE9D5EB3DB8C" blockId="5.[113,1090,249,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85237DFE9D5DACDB2C" bold="true" box="[113,249,325,345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CBC000FFF8523F3FE9D5FF2DB06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026666303" collectingDate="1993-07-06" elevation="215" latitude="-2.3125" location="Campamento San Jacinto" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-75.86283" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54CF8843000FFF8523F3FE9D5C07DB22" box="[255,338,326,345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: ♁, ‘PERU: Dept.
<collectingRegion id="49B0F803000FFF8522F5FE9D5F67DB2C" box="[505,562,326,345]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Loreto</collectingRegion>
/
<location id="8EAB603A000FFF852148FE9D5E4ADB2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87F7000FFF8622BAFF005C2AD846:8EAB603A000FFF852148FE9D5E4ADB2D" box="[580,799,325,345]" latitude="-2.3125" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-75.86283" name="Campamento San Jacinto" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" stateProvince="Loreto">Campamento San Jacinto</location>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE405026000FFF85203EFE9E5EDDDB2D" box="[818,904,325,344]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="18.75" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" precision="9" value="-2.3125">2º18.75’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405026000FFF85209EFE9E5EAFDB2D" box="[914,1018,325,344]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="51.77" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" precision="9" value="-75.86283">75º51.77’W</geoCoordinate>
/
<date id="FFCA1021000FFF852700FE9E5DCBDB06" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-06">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9C9000FFF852700FE9E5DCBDB06" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-06">6 July 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 175–
<quantity id="4C8C9B04000FFF8523DDFEBB5C5CDB01" box="[209,265,352,372]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="215.0">
<elevation id="0059D1D2000FFF8523DDFEBB5C5CDB01" box="[209,265,352,372]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="215.0">215 m</elevation>
</quantity>
/ Richard Leschen #39 / ex. Rainforest berlese’
</materialsCitation>
, ‘
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CBC000FFF8521BFFEBB5CC9DBFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026666332" collectionCode="KSEM" collectorName="Gustafson &amp; Short'" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54CF8843000FFF8521BFFEBB5E7DDB06" box="[691,808,352,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF852035FEBB5EFEDB06" authorityName="d'Orchymont" authorityYear="1937" box="[825,939,352,371]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaenostoma</taxonomicName>
/ kontax
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335788000FFF8520F1FEBA5917DB01" box="[1021,1090,353,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
/ des.
<collectorName id="26815337000FFF8523A8FEA05DAEDBFB" box="[164,251,379,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Gustafson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26815337000FFF852219FEA05C1FDBFB" box="[277,330,379,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Short’</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF85225AFEA05CC3DBFB" box="[342,406,379,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">KSEM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CBC000FFF8522A8FEA05C29DBDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026666330" collectionCode="KSEM, NMPC, NHMW" collectorName="Gustafson &amp; Short'" country="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="31" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54CF8843000FFF8522A8FEA05CA8DBF8" box="[420,509,379,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D72FD68000FFF852105FEA05F1FDBFB" box="[521,586,379,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="generic">21 exs.</specimenCount>
).
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF852154FEA05E0BDBFB" bold="true" box="[600,862,379,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="F3637671000FFF852154FEA05FC0DBFB" box="[600,661,379,398]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">PERU</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49B0F803000FFF852192FEA05FB6DBF8" box="[670,739,379,398]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">LORETO</collectingRegion>
DEPARTMENT:
</emphasis>
same data as holotype (
<specimenCount id="9D72FD68000FFF852727FEA05DC3DBDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="generic">10 exs.</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF852392FE4D5D8EDBDC" box="[158,219,406,425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">KSEM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF8523E8FE4D5C76DBDC" box="[228,291,406,425]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">NMPC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF852220FE4D5C23DBDC" box="[300,374,406,425]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CBC000FFF852288FE4D5DB7DBB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026666338" collectingDate="1993-07-11" collectionCode="KSEM" collectorName="Richard Leschen" country="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
same locality but
<date id="FFCA1021000FFF852110FE4E5F2ADBDD" box="[540,639,405,424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-11">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9C9000FFF852110FE4E5F2ADBDD" box="[540,639,405,424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-11">11.vii.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26815337000FFF8521A1FE4E5E6BDBDD" box="[685,830,405,424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Richard Leschen</collectorName>
#86, ex. flower fall berlese (
<specimenCount id="9D72FD68000FFF852739FE4D5DC3DBB1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="generic">4 exs.</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF852391FE6B5D89DBB6" box="[157,220,432,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">KSEM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CBC000FFF8523E6FE6A5958DBB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026666331" box="[234,1037,432,452]" collectingDate="1993-07-10" collectionCode="KSEM" collectorName="Richard Leschen" country="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
same locality but
<date id="FFCA1021000FFF85228CFE6B5CB6DBB6" box="[384,483,432,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-10">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9C9000FFF85228CFE6B5CB6DBB6" box="[384,483,432,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-10">10.vii.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26815337000FFF852103FE6B5FCADBB6" box="[527,671,432,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Richard Leschen</collectorName>
#80, ex flower fall berlese (
<specimenCount id="9D72FD68000FFF852080FE6B5E95DBB1" box="[908,960,432,452]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="generic">4 exs.</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF8520C4FE6B5952DBB6" box="[968,1031,432,451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">KSEM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CBC000FFF852719FE6A5E75DBAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026666335" collectingDate="1993-07-02" collectionCode="KSEM" collectorName="Richard Leschen &amp; Berlese, Qd." country="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
same locality but
<date id="FFCA1021000FFF8523DEFE105C7CDBAB" box="[210,297,459,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-02">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9C9000FFF8523DEFE105C7CDBAB" box="[210,297,459,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-02">2.vii.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26815337000FFF85225FFE105C8ADBAB" box="[339,479,459,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Richard Leschen</collectorName>
#1, ex
<collectorName id="26815337000FFF852114FE105FD4DBAB" box="[536,641,459,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Berlese,Qd.</collectorName>
22 (
<specimenCount id="9D72FD68000FFF8521AEFE105F80DBAB" box="[674,725,459,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="generic">2 exs.</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF8521D7FE105E4CDBAB" box="[731,793,459,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">KSEM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CBC000FFF85202AFE105EB7DB8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026666309" collectingDate="1993-07-21" collectionCode="KSEM" collectorName="Richard Leschen" country="Peru" elevation="225" latitude="-2.5943334" location="Teniente Lopez" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-76.11533" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
<quantity id="4C8C9B04000FFF85202AFE105E0ADBAB" box="[806,863,459,478]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
<location id="8EAB603A000FFF85206FFE105EB2DBAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87F7000FFF8622BAFF005C2AD846:8EAB603A000FFF85206FFE105EB2DBAB" box="[867,999,459,478]" country="Peru" latitude="-2.5943334" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-76.11533" name="Teniente Lopez" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" stateProvince="Loreto">Teniente Lopez</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405026000FFF8520E2FE105914DBAB" box="[1006,1089,459,478]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="35.66" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" precision="9" value="-2.5943334">2º35.66’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE405026000FFF85237DFE3E5D8EDB8D" box="[113,219,485,504]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="06.92" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" precision="9" value="-76.11533">76º06.92’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8C9B04000FFF8523EFFE3D5C13DB8C" box="[227,326,486,505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="210.0">
<elevation id="0059D1D2000FFF8523EFFE3D5C13DB8C" box="[227,326,486,505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="210.0">210–240 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFCA1021000FFF852242FE3E5CE4DB8D" box="[334,433,485,504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-21">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9C9000FFF852242FE3E5CE4DB8D" box="[334,433,485,504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" value="1993-07-21">21.vii.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26815337000FFF8522D3FE3E5F3ADB8D" box="[479,623,485,504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Richard Leschen</collectorName>
#169, ex. rainforest berlese (
<specimenCount id="9D72FD68000FFF852066FE3D5EC1DB8C" box="[874,916,486,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE24000FFF852091FE3D5E89DB8C" box="[925,988,486,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">KSEM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000FFF85237DFDCA5EBBD93D" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85237DFDCA5EDCD81D" blockId="5.[113,1089,529,841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85237DFDCA5DB3D85C" bold="true" box="[113,230,529,553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size
<quantity id="4C8C9B04000FFF85226FFDCA5CBDD85D" box="[355,488,529,553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.3 mm</quantity>
. Body form weakly convex. Elytral margins explanate. Sternal process constricted at junction of meso- and metaventrites, form as in
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF8520A5FDEA5EA3D83C" box="[937,1014,561,585]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[114,146,919,938]" captionTargetBox="[129,1072,219,890]" captionTargetId="figure-237@3.[129,1072,219,890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Sternal process of Phaenostoma species. A – P. kontax sp. nov.; B – P. posticatum (Sharp, 1887); C – P. stochasma sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468171/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig 2A</figureCitation>
. Aedeagus as in
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF8523EDFD8A5C64D81C" box="[225,305,593,617]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,182,1050,1069]" captionTargetBox="[165,1113,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-147@8.[165,1113,216,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Aedeagi of Phaenostoma species. A – P. posticatum (Sharp, 1887) (Costa Rica); B – P. kontax sp. nov. (holotype); C – P. stochasma sp. nov. (holotype; Costa Rica); D – P. stochasma sp. nov. (paratype; Venezuela). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468175/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
with very thin and strongly inwardly curved parameres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85239CFDA95EBBD93D" blockId="5.[113,1089,529,841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF85239CFDA95C3AD8FC" authority="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs, 2010" authorityName="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs" authorityYear="2010" box="[144,367,626,649]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kontax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85239CFDA95C3AD8FC" box="[144,367,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Phaenostoma kontax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335788000FFF85227AFDAA5C9ED8FD" box="[374,459,625,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is easily distinguished from other known
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF852082FDA9594AD8FC" authorityName="d'Orchymont" authorityYear="1937" box="[910,1055,626,649]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF852082FDA9594AD8FC" box="[910,1055,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Phaenostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its small size (it is the smallest known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF85218CFD495E44D8DC" authorityName="d'Orchymont" authorityYear="1937" box="[640,785,658,681]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85218CFD495E44D8DC" box="[640,785,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Phaenostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), weak body convexity, and elytra with explanate margins apically.
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF852115FD695E77D8BC" authority="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs, 2010" authorityName="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs" authorityYear="2010" box="[537,802,690,713]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stochasma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF852115FD695E77D8BC" box="[537,802,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Phaenostoma stochasma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335788000FFF852025FD6A5E2BD8BD" box="[809,894,689,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar in body form and relatively smaller size but can be easily distinguished by the shape of its aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF852375FD2A5D9BD97C" box="[121,206,753,777]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,182,1050,1069]" captionTargetBox="[165,1113,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-147@8.[165,1113,216,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Aedeagi of Phaenostoma species. A – P. posticatum (Sharp, 1887) (Costa Rica); B – P. kontax sp. nov. (holotype); C – P. stochasma sp. nov. (holotype; Costa Rica); D – P. stochasma sp. nov. (paratype; Venezuela). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468175/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) and sternal process.
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF8522CDFD295FF6D97C" authority="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs, 2010" authorityName="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs" authorityYear="2010" box="[449,675,754,777]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kontax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF8522CDFD295FF6D97C" box="[449,675,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Phaenostoma kontax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335788000FFF8521A1FD2A5E51D97D" box="[685,772,753,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has the anterior hood of the sternal process appearing above the rest of the plane of the rest sternal process, while that of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF85237DFCE95C55D93C" authority="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs, 2010" authorityName="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs" authorityYear="2010" box="[113,256,818,841]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stochasma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85237DFCE95C55D93C" box="[113,256,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">P. stochasma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335788000FFF85220AFCEA5C0ED93D" box="[262,347,817,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is located on the same plane as the rest of the sternal process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000FFF86237DFCBB5C05DB06" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85237DFCBB5C8BD98D" blockId="5.[113,1089,864,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85237DFCBB5DA9D90D" bold="true" box="[113,252,864,888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85220EFCBA5C15D90D" box="[258,320,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Color</emphasis>
. Dorsal surface appearing reddish brown to brown. Elytral and pronotal discs frequently darker, with the lateral margins often appearing paler in color. Head with darker coloration frequently around the eyes with the clypeus lighter brown to reddish brown anteriorly. Ventral surface reddish brown to brown with legs lighter brown to near yellow. Tarsi, palps, and antennae yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85239CFBDA5C2BDE42" blockId="5.[113,1089,864,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85239CFBDA5D9FDE6D" box="[144,202,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Head</emphasis>
. Ground punctation fine with average distance between punctures ca. 3–4× the distance of one puncture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF86239CFB9A5C62DB66" blockId="5.[113,1089,864,1240]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1127,219,563]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF85239CFB9A5D89DE2D" box="[144,220,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Thorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum punctation fine with the average distance between punctures ca. 4–5× the diameter of one puncture. Elytral punctation coarse (but weakly impressed), with the average distance between punctures ca. 2–3× the diameter of one puncture (
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF852034FB5B5ED8DEED" box="[824,909,1152,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[822,854,1502,1521]" captionTargetBox="[113,806,1275,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-452@5.[113,807,1275,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Elytron of Phaenostoma kontax sp. nov. A – entire elytron; B – enlargement of elytral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468173/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
); most punctures set within a larger recessed disc (
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF8522C3FB7B5F74DECD" box="[463,545,1184,1208]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[822,854,1502,1521]" captionTargetBox="[113,806,1275,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-452@5.[113,807,1275,1606]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Elytron of Phaenostoma kontax sp. nov. A – entire elytron; B – enlargement of elytral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468173/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Elytral margins apically explanate. Process of the mesoventrite broad and constricted at suture with metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000FFF852019FB1B5E3EDEAD" box="[789,875,1216,1240]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[114,146,919,938]" captionTargetBox="[129,1072,219,890]" captionTargetId="figure-237@3.[129,1072,219,890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Sternal process of Phaenostoma species. A – P. kontax sp. nov.; B – P. posticatum (Sharp, 1887); C – P. stochasma sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468171/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), with anterior hood thickly bordered and frequently appearing above the rest of the plane of the sternal process in lateral view.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0B6669000FFF85203AFA055EE3DC34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4468173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468173/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" startId="5.[822,854,1502,1521]" targetBox="[113,806,1275,1605]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000FFF85203AFA055EE3DC34" blockId="5.[822,1089,1502,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
Fig. 3. Elytron of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D62000FFF8520D1FA045EC4DC79" authority="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs, 2010" authorityName="Gustafson &amp; Short &amp; Aezs" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Phaenostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kontax" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000FFF8520D1FA045EC4DC79" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Phaenostoma kontax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2335788000FFF852095FA225EB5DC79" box="[921,992,1529,1548]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A – entire elytron; B – enlargement of elytral surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000CFF8623B9FEC65C05DB06" blockId="6.[151,1127,219,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000CFF8623B9FEC65C4FDB41" box="[181,282,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="134F2A64000CFF8622ACFEC05CA7DB41" box="[416,498,283,308]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,182,1050,1069]" captionTargetBox="[165,1113,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-147@8.[165,1113,216,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Aedeagi of Phaenostoma species. A – P. posticatum (Sharp, 1887) (Costa Rica); B – P. kontax sp. nov. (holotype); C – P. stochasma sp. nov. (holotype; Costa Rica); D – P. stochasma sp. nov. (paratype; Venezuela). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468175/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) with parameres thin and strongly curved inward, with the bases fairly thick. Phallobase weakly constricted. Apex of median lobe not reaching the apex of the parameres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000CFF86239BFEA75E48DBC6" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000CFF86239BFEA75E48DBC6" blockId="6.[151,1127,219,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000CFF86239BFEA75C4CDBE1" bold="true" box="[151,281,380,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Etymology.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000CFF862213FEA65C39DBE1" box="[287,364,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Kontax</emphasis>
is a Greek expression for a spear, referring to the spear-shaped anterior portion of the sternal process. Treated as noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000CFF86239BFE605E26DBA6" box="[151,883,443,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000CFF86239BFE605E26DBA6" blockId="6.[151,1127,219,563]" box="[151,883,443,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000CFF86239BFE605C7FDBA6" bold="true" box="[151,298,443,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from a few localities in Amazonian
<collectingCountry id="F3637671000CFF862037FE675E3ADBA6" box="[827,879,444,467]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E656A000CFF86239BFE075C2AD846" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCB36E1000CFF86239BFE075C2AD846" blockId="6.[151,1127,219,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B900EAF3000CFF86239BFE075C53DB81" bold="true" box="[151,262,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Remarks.</emphasis>
All specimens of this species were taken from rainforest berlese samples, including ‘flower falls’, suggesting this species may be a terrestrial/leaf-litter and/or decaying vegetation inhabitant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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