172 lines
19 KiB
XML
172 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="45D3E1E9C9779E47088D4F164E090DBE" ID-CLB-Dataset="45585" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ab9cc07-eac7-4d4b-9b1d-c994697cd39f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230701" ID-ZooBank="8D217288-2C30-4FD8-921D-5EDBEE3C02C9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460432151992" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schwank, Peter & Kånneby, Tobias" docDate="2014" docId="03DD87DD6D13FFFEF2E0FBB58E28FEC4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03811p490.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3811 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ichthydium malleum Schwank 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="473" masterDocId="FFE4FFA56D19FFF5F277FFA28A42FFD9" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America" masterLastPageNumber="490" masterPageNumber="463" pageNumber="473" updateTime="1698331565811" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="82276C9C8820DFA37AE08A63FE226C4E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5FBEB21FE3434E8312349CA216AD3379">
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<mods:title id="F91187D03F9C0EB619683B40C378C44D">Contribution to the freshwater gastrotrich fauna of wetland areas of southwestern Ontario (Canada) with redescriptions of seven species and a check-list for North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FB9365B50678E7A1F44213834AC39228" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CB10F00F3F5B36DC3E084B07C699FB0D">Schwank, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF2D7B6FDE2E6D18806825CBC6900D61">Kånneby, Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DE11E45D1F21C50C2BBA17653D15AC01">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B8D4FA67A2253C31A66002FA497A3586">
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<mods:date id="07C30F5B24EE4C843E6BD171F5312E91">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="58758E8EE9672600F4F280E1489B380E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8B7B6D466DB6AF5767AEE34B735B463C">3811</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3971D1B4987FA720158651A0C9A0FD19" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DD87DD6D13FFFEF2E0FBB58E28FEC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6135565" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119430618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6135565" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87DD6D13FFFEF2E0FBB58E28FEC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87DD6D13FFFEF2E0FBB58E28FEC4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<subSubSection id="C36E65406D13FFFFF2E0FBB58AA9FB8A" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2E0FBB58815FBEB" blockId="10.[151,599,1047,1107]" box="[151,599,1047,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<heading id="D08381A76D13FFFFF2E0FBB58815FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,599,1047,1074]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF2E0FBB58815FBEB" ID-CoL="6MTQJ" authority="Schwank, 1990" authorityName="Schwank" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,599,1047,1074]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="malleum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2E0FBB58815FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,599,1047,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2E0FBB58BD6FBE8" bold="true" box="[151,404,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Ichthydium malleum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B3A6D13FFFFF3ECFBBA8815FBEB" author="Schwank" box="[411,599,1048,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" refString="Schwank, P. (1990) Gastrotricha. In: Schwoerbel, J. & Zwick, P. (Eds.), Sußwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, Band 3. Gastrotricha und Nemertini. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New York, pp. 1 - 252." type="book chapter" year="1990">Schwank, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2E0FB988AA9FB8A" blockId="10.[151,599,1047,1107]" box="[151,235,1082,1107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134F2A4E6D13FFFFF2E8FB988AA1FB8A" box="[159,227,1082,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1641,1663]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Schematic drawing of Ichthydium malleum. Dorsal view." pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E65406D13FFFFF2E0FB2088AAFAF3" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2E0FB208B14FB66" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2E0FB208B77FB42" bold="true" box="[151,309,1154,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<typeStatus id="54CF88696D13FFFFF2E0FB208A90FB42" box="[151,210,1154,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Among
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF3E1FB218BA0FB43" box="[406,482,1155,1178]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lemna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF3E1FB218BA0FB43" box="[406,482,1155,1178]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Lemna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF039FB2188DCFB42" box="[590,670,1155,1179]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Wolffia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF039FB2188DCFB42" box="[590,670,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Wolffia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. and on muddy substrata in ponds, Galt Creek, Puslinch district, Ontario,
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<collectingCountry id="F363765B6D13FFFFF28DFB048B10FB66" box="[250,338,1190,1215]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Canada</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0FB68887BFADE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2B0FB688B37FB3A" bold="true" box="[199,373,1226,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<typeStatus id="54CF88696D13FFFFF2B0FB688B40FB3A" box="[199,258,1226,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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Drawing of one specimen.
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<typeStatus id="54CF88696D13FFFFF0DDFB69895FFB3A" box="[682,797,1227,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED65AE0E6D13FFFFF15FFB69893BFB3A" box="[808,889,1227,1251]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">SMNH</collectionCode>
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Type-8552 deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,
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<collectingCountry id="F363765B6D13FFFFF3AEFB4C8874FADE" box="[473,566,1262,1287]" name="Sweden" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0FAB088AAFAF3" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" box="[199,744,1298,1323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2B0FAB08B7AFAF2" bold="true" box="[199,312,1298,1323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Material:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D72FD426D13FFFFF348FAB18B8BFAF2" box="[319,457,1298,1323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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that are no longer extant.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E65406D13FFFFF2B0FA9489D5FA96" box="[199,919,1334,1359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0FA9489D5FA96" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" box="[199,919,1334,1359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2B0FA948B0CFA96" bold="true" box="[199,334,1334,1359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Species name derived from the mallet-shaped head.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E65406D13FFFFF2B0FAF888F2FA06" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0FAF888F2FA06" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2B0FAF88B03FAAA" bold="true" box="[199,321,1370,1395]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Small species, 120 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with conspicuously widened hammerlike posterior lobes. Two pairs of short sensory ciliary tufts, anterior pair anchored by papillae. One pair of cilia present on the bulges of the posterior head lobes. Body completely devoid of scales, hyaline in appearance, with irregular lateral folds. Pharynx 30 µm in length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E65406D13FFFEF2B0FA488E28FEC4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0FA48880BF94A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2B0FA488B1BF9DA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1514,1539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Description.</emphasis>
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A small very delicate and frail species, 120 µm in total body length. Head five-lobed with the posterior lobes conspicuously widened. Their shape is angular like a hammer. Cuticular head plates absent. Two pairs of sensory ciliary tufts. Anterior pair anchored by papillae and substantially shorter than posterior pair. One pair of extra cilia also present on the anterior dorsal side of the bulges of the posterior head lobes. Posterior pair of dorsal sensory bristles inserted at U82.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0F93C8F1AF926" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Body width 20–22 µm at the head (U09), 14–16 µm at the neck (U19), 18–20 µm at the trunk (U62) and 11–12 µm at the base of the furca (U89). Furca short and straight, 13–15 µm in length, with adhesive tubes constituting 9–10 µm of the total furca length. The cuticle is very thin, hyaline, and naked. It is mostly folded irregularly.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0F8A8890FF8FA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" box="[199,845,1802,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Ventral surface naked except for ventral locomotory cilia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFFF2B0F88C8844F8B2" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Mouth subterminal, 3–4 µm in diameter. Pharynx, 30 µm in length, narrow, cylindrical, widens only very slightly towards the PhIJ at U30.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36CB6D13FFFEF2B0F8D48E28FEC4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1154,2007]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF2B0F8D48BFDF856" bold="true" box="[199,447,1910,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
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The diagnostic protuberant bulging head lobes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF672F8D58E3CF857" box="[1029,1150,1910,1934]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="malleum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF672F8D58E3CF857" box="[1029,1150,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">I. malleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differentiate this species from other similar naked species, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF03AF83988F5F86A" box="[589,695,1947,1971]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="podura">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF03AF83988F5F86A" box="[589,695,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">I. podura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF0B0F839890FF86B" box="[711,845,1947,1970]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="maximum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF0B0F839890FF86B" box="[711,845,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">I. maximum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF1F9F8398FDAF86A" authority="Preobrajenskaja, 1926" authorityName="Preobrajenskaja" authorityYear="1926" box="[910,1432,1946,1971]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF1F9F8398ED0F86A" box="[910,1170,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Ichthydium pellucidum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B3A6D13FFFFF6EDF8388FDAF86A" author="Preobrajenskaja" box="[1178,1432,1946,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" refString="Preobrajenskaja, E. N. (1926) Zur Verbreitung der Gastrotrichen in den Gewassern der Umgebung von Kossino. Arbeiten der Biologischen Station zu Kossino (Moskau), 4, 3 - 14." type="journal article" year="1926">Preobrajenskaja, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Other species with a naked pellucid cuticle are
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFFF0BDF81C8E2EF80E" authority="Roszczak, 1969" authorityName="Roszczak" authorityYear="1969" box="[714,1132,1982,2007]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="rostrum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF0BDF81C89E9F80F" box="[714,939,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Ichthydium rostrum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B3A6D13FFFFF1C1F81C8E2EF80E" author="Roszczak" box="[950,1132,1982,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" refString="Roszczak, R. (1969) Brzuchorzeski (Gastrotricha) Srodkowej Wielkopolski. Pozna n skie towarzystwo przyjaciol nauk. Wydzial matematyczno-przyrodniczy. Prace Komisji biologicznej, 32, 1 - 92. [1968]" type="journal article" year="1969">Roszczak, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D13FFFEF6DDF81C8B19FF69" authority="Konsuloff, 1921" authorityName="Konsuloff" authorityYear="1921" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="474" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="10" pageNumber="473" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="galeatum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D13FFFFF6DDF81C8FD9F80F" box="[1194,1435,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="473">Ichthydium galeatum</emphasis>
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Konsuloff, 1921
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</taxonomicName>
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, but these species have very well developed cuticular head plates.
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D12FFFEF6B5FF3B8F07FF69" box="[1218,1349,152,176]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="malleum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D12FFFEF6B5FF3B8F07FF69" box="[1218,1349,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">I. malleum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seems morphologically closely related to the following species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D12FFFEF136FF1E8E9CFF0C" authority="Brunson, 1950" authorityName="Brunson" authorityYear="1950" box="[833,1246,188,213]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="auritum">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD96D12FFFEF136FF1E8E67FF0D" box="[833,1061,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Ichthydium auritum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B3A6D12FFFEF646FF1F8E9CFF0C" author="Brunson" box="[1073,1246,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" refString="Brunson, R. B. (1950) An introduction to the taxonomy of the Gastrotricha with a study of eighteen species from Michigan. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 69, 325 - 352." type="journal article" year="1950">Brunson, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has two earlike flaps on the head, no dorsal bristles, and angular adhesive tubes;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D12FFFEF1CDFF428FDEFF21" authority="Sudzuki, 1971" authorityName="Sudzuki" authorityYear="1971" box="[954,1436,223,248]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="macrocapitatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD96D12FFFEF1CDFF428EB6FF2E" box="[954,1268,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Ichthydium macrocapitatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B3A6D12FFFEF68CFF7D8FDEFF21" author="Sudzuki" box="[1275,1436,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" refString="Sudzuki, M. (1971) Die das Kapillarwasser des Luckensystems bewohnenden Gastrotrichen Japans II. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 27, 37 - 41." type="journal article" year="1971">Sudzuki, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D486D12FFFEF2B1FEA68898FEC5" authority="Brunson, 1949" authorityName="Brunson" authorityYear="1949" box="[198,730,260,284]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Ichthydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="474" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="macropharyngistum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD96D12FFFEF2B1FEA68869FEC5" box="[198,555,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="474">Ichthydium macropharyngistum</emphasis>
|
||
Brunson, 1949
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which have 4 earlike flaps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |