286 lines
28 KiB
XML
286 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="543FE96638A03F6CB3C334C8E9AE0F62" ID-CLB-Dataset="28542" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f6ace70-93a7-400c-b58a-a1d2c95d3b53" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2613120" ID-ZooBank="lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71232906-9C90-4A6E-B893-83AC1574C8CA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1550571547778" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A. & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2019" docId="03DD87C4FFFAFFD41EFCD896FAACFDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4558.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4558 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhipicephalus sanguineus, sensu" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFE4FFBCFFD8FFF71E6BDD79FFAAFFDF" masterDocTitle="Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1550498228261" originalUpdateUser="plazi" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698699079557" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="296789DE8D2F9EB298015D14FA2A7AD2">
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<mods:title id="E1C36ADFD81F39305DEB308B3A0FAE23">Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1810AA8B7301B579E42E1139B18A2192">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9570EFA7D1D4F27531ABAB7222C512D6">Boulanger, Nathalie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D41ED84339F16B8F145036B103B94FBE">Saijuntha, Weerachai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93F8C6695B74720E4AA29D32FD0D29C3">Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="05EA984643B70703BBCD543A4A2CBD1B">Pfeffer, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F455194A14CD963B7CAA7D582E6628C8">Eamudomkarn, Chatanun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="687BAC4801F9123521C8D0A3FF0437AE">Andrews, Ross H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4CEAAE9B112BF10FDE7BD0024264FA9F">Ahamad, Mariana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8CE4144621798A7CF0E2C3686415D373">Putthasorn, Noppadon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30C8BD17B69856B2DAF0FE1A7DEC7116">Muders, Senta V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F78002C809568E60E87BECF2B6243C9E">Petney, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECE80022DD18AB9F82416D9CB274B757">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7D39111F9A4E4BE1CDF4EEDCA02849DB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="48829D39B161FDC063172AE445A0787F">
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<mods:date id="48EED24027DE650E484A1515B030FABB">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="85720C0B2DF0F2E61B45D9CE51410421">2019-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4B597AC0EDF51C639A0FD32745B252E0">4558</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F2F7E24CC2E09C6DF4B2EB87BEAD8C0E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A1E2D559718FC19719D2F25623A2922B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DD87C4FFFAFFD41EFCD896FAACFDC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152610931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4542069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C4FFFAFFD41EFCD896FAACFDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFFAFFD41EFCD896FAACFDC7" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFFAFFD51EFCD896FE47F963" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFAFFD51EFCD896FD24F9D7" blockId="34.[151,654,1519,1544]" box="[151,654,1519,1544]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D08381BEFFFAFFD51EFCD896FD24F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,654,1519,1544]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51EFCD896FD24F9D7" ID-CoL="78THD" authority="(Latreille, 1806)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[151,654,1519,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EFCD896FD24F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,654,1519,1544]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EFCD896FE63F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,457,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhipicephalus sanguineus</emphasis>
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(Latreille, 1806)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFAFFD51EFCDB4EFE47F963" blockId="34.[151,1437,1591,2013]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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The name “
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51F4EDB40FE62F98F" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[293,456,1593,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51F4EDB40FE62F98F" box="[293,456,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” is used for a group of species occurring worldwide on dogs (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51AACDB41FA32F98F" author="Nava, S. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Petney, T. & Beati, L. & Labruna, M. B. & Szabo, M. P. & Venzal, J. M. & Mastropaolo, M. & Mangold, A. J. & Guglielmone, A. A." box="[1223,1432,1591,1616]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="2 - 8" refId="ref60166" refString="Nava, S., Estrada-Pena, A., Petney, T., Beati, L., Labruna, M. B., Szabo, M. P., Venzal, J. M., Mastropaolo, M., Mangold, A. J. & Guglielmone, A. A. (2015) The taxonomic status of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806). Veterinary Parasitology, 208, 2 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vetpar. 2014.12.021" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Nava
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51B7ADB40FAE2F98F" box="[1297,1352,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51EFCDB25FE08F9AA" author="Hekimoglu, O. & Saglam, I. K. & Ozer, N. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[151,418,1628,1653]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="798 - 807" refId="ref44189" refString="Hekimoglu, O., Saglam, I. K., Ozer, N. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2016) New molecular data shed light on the global phylogeny and species limits of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 798 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2016.03.014" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Hekimoğlu
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51F74DB24FEF9F9AA" box="[287,339,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Confusion as to which taxon represents
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51DE6DB24FB63F9AB" box="[909,1225,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51DE6DB24FBDCF9AB" authority="sensu" box="[909,1142,1629,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
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R. sanguineus
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFFAFFD51A53DB24FBDCF9AB" box="[1080,1142,1629,1652]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</taxonomicName>
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stricto
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</emphasis>
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has recently been clarified with the designation of a
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<typeStatus id="54CF8870FFFAFFD51C53DBF9FD3BF947" box="[568,657,1664,1688]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51C8BDBF9FC85F948" box="[736,815,1664,1687]" name="France" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">France</collectingCountry>
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, the location of the specimens used for the original description (Nava
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51F0EDBDCFE34F962" box="[357,414,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
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2018).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFFAFFD41EACDBBEFC71FEC2" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFAFFD41EACDBBEFC71FEC2" blockId="34.[151,1437,1591,2013]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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This group is being investigated by a number of institutions, and current information suggests that at least two main taxa are present: a temperate and a tropical one. Evidence from
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51DF6DB95FC4AF8DA" box="[925,992,1772,1797]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">China</collectingCountry>
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indicates that the species found there is probably closely related to, but different from, that found in North America (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51D98DA76FB34F8F7" author="Liu, G. H. & Chen, F. & Chen, Y. Z. & Lin, R. Q. & Zhou, D. H. & Zhu, X. Q." box="[1011,1182,1807,1832]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="361 - 369" refId="ref55785" refString="Liu, G. H., Chen, F., Chen, Y. Z., Song. H. Q., Lin, R. Q., Zhou, D. H. & Zhu, X. Q. (2013) Complete mitochondrial genome sequence data provides genetic evidence that the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) represents a species complex. International Journal of Biological Science, 9, 361 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.7150 / ijbs. 6081" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Liu
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51A49DA68FBF9F8F7" box="[1058,1107,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Ticks classified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51BEFDA68FEBFF893" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51BEFDA68FEBFF893" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51F30DA4DFE34F892" box="[347,414,1844,1869]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">China</collectingCountry>
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were found to fall into either clade III, which includes
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51A78DA4CFB3AF892" box="[1043,1168,1844,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guilhoni">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51A78DA4CFB3AF892" box="[1043,1168,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. guilhoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequences, or clade IV, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51EB9DA20FEF4F8AF" box="[210,350,1881,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EB9DA20FEF4F8AF" box="[210,350,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. turanicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequences, in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51C58DA20FD79F8AF" box="[563,723,1881,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51C58DA20FD79F8AF" box="[563,723,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group as defined by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51DA1DA2EFB49F8AF" author="Hekimoglu, O. & Saglam, I. K. & Ozer, N. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[970,1251,1879,1904]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="798 - 807" refId="ref44189" refString="Hekimoglu, O., Saglam, I. K., Ozer, N. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2016) New molecular data shed light on the global phylogeny and species limits of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 798 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2016.03.014" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Hekimoğlu
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51A39DA20FB2FF8AF" box="[1106,1157,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Currently, very little information is available on the genetic characterization of the Southeast Asia taxon (or taxa). Specimens from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51EFCDAD9FF51F866" box="[151,251,1952,1977]" name="Thailand" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|
(labelled from both
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49B0F830FFFAFFD51F8DDAD9FDE1F866" box="[486,587,1952,1977]" country="Thailand" name="Krung Thep Mahanakhon" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bangkok</collectingRegion>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49B0F830FFFAFFD51CEFDAD9FD7FF866" box="[644,725,1952,1977]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Phuket</collectingRegion>
|
|
, and from a laboratory colony) fall into the tropical form, also found in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51F6DDABDFEF1F802" box="[262,347,1988,2013]" name="Taiwan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51F07DABDFE19F802" box="[364,435,1988,2013]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51FAFDABDFDF2F802" box="[452,600,1988,2013]" name="Mozambique" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51CF3DABDFD79F802" box="[664,723,1988,2013]" name="Cuba" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
|
by molecular analysis using 12S and 16S rDNA sequences (Sanchez
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41F6EDDE0FE9DFF6F" box="[261,311,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2016).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41FFEDDEEFD0CFF6F" author="Hekimoglu, O. & Saglam, I. K. & Ozer, N. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[405,678,151,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="798 - 807" refId="ref44189" refString="Hekimoglu, O., Saglam, I. K., Ozer, N. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2016) New molecular data shed light on the global phylogeny and species limits of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7, 798 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2016.03.014" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Hekimoğlu
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41C70DDE0FDE6FF6F" box="[539,588,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
found that the tropical strain from South America showed a strong molecular similarity to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFBFFD41FF7DDC4FD8AFF0B" box="[412,544,189,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camicasi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41FF7DDC4FD8AFF0B" box="[412,544,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. camicasi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Africa. This species is clearly different from the temperate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFBFFD41A93DDC4FA3FFF0B" box="[1272,1429,189,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41A93DDC4FA3FFF0B" box="[1272,1429,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and the diseases transmitted by the two species may differ. Therefore, evidence for the transmission of tick-borne diseases should be accepted only for data from continental Southeast Asia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFFBFFD41EACDC5EFAACFDC7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFBFFD41EACDC5EFBC2FE2B" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41EACDC5EFDCFFE9F" box="[199,613,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFBFFD41EACDC5EFE46FE9F" ID-CoL="78THD" box="[199,492,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="sanguineus">Rhipicephalus sanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFFBFFD41F9FDC50FDCFFE9F" box="[500,613,295,320]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is the most common tick on domestic dogs in continental Southeast Asia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41EF5DC35FE67FEBA" author="Petney, T. N. & Keirans, J. E." box="[158,461,332,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref62595" refString="Petney, T. N. & Keirans, J. E. (1996 b) Ticks of the genus Aponomma (Acari: Ixodidae) in South-east Asia. Tropical Biomedicine, 13, 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="1996">Petney and Keirans 1996b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is known from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFBFFD41CCFDC35FCBDFEBA" box="[676,791,332,357]" name="Cambodia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41D43DC35FB88FEBA" author="Inpankaew, T. & Hii, S. F. & Chimnoi, W. & Traub, R. J." box="[808,1058,332,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="253" refId="ref48653" refString="Inpankaew, T., Hii, S. F., Chimnoi, W. & Traub, R. J. (2016) Canine vector-borne pathogens in semi-domesticated dogs residing in northern Cambodia. Parasites and Vectors, 9, 253. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 016 - 1552 - z" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Inpankaew
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41DC1DC34FC71FEBA" box="[938,987,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Lao PDR (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41AD9DC35FAEDFEBB" author="Wilson, N." box="[1202,1351,332,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref71980" refString="Wilson, N. (1970) New distributional records of ticks from South-east Asia and the Pacific (Metastigmata: Argasidae, Ixodidae). Oriental Insects, 4, 37 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1970.10433939" type="journal article" year="1970">Wilson 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Kernif
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41EFCDC08FF63FE57" box="[151,201,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012), peninsular
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFBFFD41FCEDC16FDA6FE57" box="[421,524,367,392]" name="Malaysia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41C77DC16FCBBFE57" author="Watanabe, M. & Nakao, R. & Amin-Babjee, S. M. & Maizatul, A. M. & Youn, J. H. & Qiu, Y. & Sugimoto, C. & Watanabe, M." box="[540,785,367,392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="390 - 398" refId="ref71693" refString="Watanabe, M., Nakao, R., Amin-Babjee, S. M., Maizatul, A. M., Youn, J. H., Qiu, Y., Sugimoto, C. & Watanabe, M. (2015) Molecular screening for Rickettsia, Anaplasmataceae and Coxiella burnetii in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine, 32, 390 - 398." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Watanabe
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41CFFDC08FD6CFE57" box="[660,710,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Koh
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41D3EDC08FC2CFE57" box="[853,902,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2016),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFBFFD41D8CDC09FBFEFE57" box="[999,1108,368,392]" name="Myanmar" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41A08DC16FAE9FE57" author="Bhattacharjee, J." box="[1123,1347,367,392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="437 - 442" refId="ref35798" refString="Bhattacharjee, J. (1939) A check-list of the ectoparasites of the domesticated animals in Burma. Indian Journal of Veterinary Science, 9, 437 - 442." type="journal article" year="1939">Bhattacharjee 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Petney and Keirans 1996),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFBFFD41F16DCEDFE4BFE72" box="[381,481,404,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41F99DCEDFD7EFE73" author="Tanskul, P. L. & Stark, H. E. & Inlao, I." box="[498,724,404,429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="330 - 341" refId="ref68840" refString="Tanskul, P. L., Stark, H. E. & Inlao, I. (1983) A checklist of ticks of Thailand (Acari: Metastigmata: Ixodoidea). Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, 330 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 20.3.330" type="journal article" year="1983">
|
|
Tanskul
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41C3DDCECFD23FE72" box="[598,649,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1983
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFBFFD41D72DCEDFCD2FE72" box="[793,888,404,429]" name="Vietnam" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41DE2DCEDFB75FE72" author="Grokhovskaya, I. M. & Hoe, N. H." box="[905,1247,404,429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="710 - 715" refId="ref43234" refString="Grokhovskaya, I. M. & Hoe, N. H. (1968) Contribution to the study of ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) in Vietnam. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 37, 710 - 715. [NAMRU- 3 Translation 401]" type="journal article" year="1968">Grokhovskaya and Hoe 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41A85DCEDFA3AFE73" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1262,1424,404,429]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="242 - 276" refId="ref53588" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (1992) Fauna of ticks (Ixodidae) of vertebrates of Vietnam. In: Sokolov, V. E. (Ed.), Zoological Investigations in Vietnam. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 242 - 276. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1992">Kolonin 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Where dogs are common,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFBFFD41FA4DCC0FDDAFE0F" ID-CoL="78THD" box="[463,624,441,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41FA4DCC0FDDAFE0F" box="[463,624,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
populations can reach high densities (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41A5DDCCEFA3AFE0F" author="Grokhovskaya, I. M. & Hoe, N. H." box="[1078,1424,439,464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="710 - 715" refId="ref43234" refString="Grokhovskaya, I. M. & Hoe, N. H. (1968) Contribution to the study of ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) in Vietnam. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 37, 710 - 715. [NAMRU- 3 Translation 401]" type="journal article" year="1968">Grokhovskaya and Hoe 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Control can be obtained by reducing populations of stray dogs (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFBFFD41D34DCA5FBF1FE2B" author="Theis, J. H. & Franti, C. E." box="[863,1115,476,501]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="23 - 28" refId="ref69403" refString="Theis, J. H. & Franti, C. E. (1971) Changing infestation rates of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Ixodidae) ticks on dogs on Singapore Island, 1965 - 1966. Journal of Medical Entomology, 8, 23 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 8.1.23" type="journal article" year="1971">Theis and Franti 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFBFFD41EACDC86FAACFDC7" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,1286,511,536]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
|
All life history stages, as well as the genetic characterization, are described in Nava
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFBFFD41A1EDF78FB0CFDC7" box="[1141,1190,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2018).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |