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<document id="0405A6A81E7F2173A18D268333B6C327" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.511.3.9" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5426785" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630398522905" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Mehregan, Iraj, Younesi, Simin &amp; Lidén, Magnus" docDate="2021" docId="03DD87ABB314FFA8FF4A43A5FEE1F83C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.511.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 511 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.3.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Dionysia avia Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="FFE4FFD3B315FFABFFC24351FF9EFFED" masterDocTitle="Donysia avia (Primulaceae), a new species from Zagros Mountains, Iran" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="296" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1699262174147" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="CFF7354266DF08D1DEEDF3F63C38D8D6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FBC434C8079FBDD9F552E83CA3EBA752">
<mods:title id="89DCCCC2239DECE2C4D613545A9259B0">Donysia avia (Primulaceae), a new species from Zagros Mountains, Iran</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FDD0D3AB901657D239E0C2D17DD9E6F4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BE1DFC704A1769A5A40CC542A8C49793">
<mods:roleTerm id="E6A4AC6EB8FD3B91F9F3E000C5F7F992">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C6AB7F178CD08693305420118FC65181">Mehregan, Iraj</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DEA52361DB7E1BFB3AFD19D4404CE38A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5108-2558</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B847E84BB0506B04F818287247FCCF23">Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. &amp; imehregan @ srbiau. ac. ir; iraj @ daad-alumni. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5108 - 2558</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="01A4DF299918AC7DF8BD234C7D573F38" type="email">imehregan@srbiau.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EA5FF377DD0D8906D3EECCE51CB75FC3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E027B95EF13F7181735A73F81B71E12E">
<mods:roleTerm id="6E0AFD466F116CA5938CDCC1C5ADD0FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="305B4FFB4944CFD383698DA75AAE369C">Younesi, Simin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8530E45E3C5F34AB091B07CA5F81322C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9324-9304</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DFB214A07F89FFF634D34927AC3E52EC">Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. &amp; simin. dionysia @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9324 - 9304</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6AD1CE708B2AF9D8D3F43359CC4C796E" type="email">simin.dionysia@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F611F6B162E7CA7929A1171B265EE19C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FD718E9730C0A9848BB8B2228523DF85">
<mods:roleTerm id="FBB8053C276B323185AB61E805C0713B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1CA6AA12924418BB2CD52B8525AC074D">Lidén, Magnus</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2C1A5BFB14B7172642A7DAEA57DCCAA" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6306-9353</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CAD1384E802954CFE7693F743AAF45F2">Department of Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, EBC, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE- 75236, Uppsala, Sweden. &amp; magnus. liden @ ebc. uu. se; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6306 - 9353</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="35423CBBCF22EF38182ED35D968D5787" type="email">magnus.liden@ebc.uu.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="63F01B46256F7659B18A33F11CAFA0DB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="491E651CBC721143B8FD33DABFC0A2D2" type="host">
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<mods:title id="FA6D13758569102CBB4F8039AF3AAEC1">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2C35409334BDEFDD382A10E59FF70583">
<mods:date id="0D92421524E832639872140B86758ECA">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="19F102E875CF1331C44F9EBE29C864E2">2021-07-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DE4514305091DA9F735A59159C6FE8F2">511</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9FA255146E058B5AF15BC3B1B219F179">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E8F224488BC7E58235D8405B52B0EB63">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.511.3.9</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7CA738FEA7C93DD9F50A94F52FD25D10">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F36B6417EB4DAFFE2A0A08D0ED83D31F" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.511.3.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A16A3EB9F4DF4D2D946F5C091ACC14A3" type="Zenodo-Dep">5426785</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DD87ABB314FFA8FF4A43A5FEE1F83C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87ABB314FFA8FF4A43A5FEE1F83C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87ABB314FFA8FF4A43A5FEE1F83C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<subSubSection id="C36E6536B314FFAAFF4A43A5FCD5FEE3" box="[136,843,244,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB314FFAAFF4A43A5FCD5FEE3" blockId="1.[136,843,244,271]" box="[136,843,244,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<heading id="D08381D1B314FFAAFF4A43A5FCD5FEE3" box="[136,843,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB314FFAAFF4A43A5FDF5FEE3" ID-CoL="8SLFN" authority="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,619,244,270]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFF4A43A5FEB8FEE3" bold="true" box="[136,294,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Dionysia avia</emphasis>
Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Lidén
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357D4B314FFAAFDB043A4FD56FEE2" box="[626,712,245,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFDB043A4FD15FEE3" box="[626,651,245,270]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFD5B43A4FD5FFEE3" box="[665,705,245,270]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="134F2A38B314FFAAFD1A43A5FCBBFEE3" box="[728,805,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1635,1657]" captionTargetBox="[176,1409,414,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,400,1608]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dionysia avia. A. Flowering branch with corolla tube cut slightly above the calyx lobes; B. Corolla of short" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134F2A38B314FFAAFCF143A5FCDCFEE3" box="[819,834,244,270]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,2028,2050]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dionysia avia. A–B. Photos of type material." pageId="1" pageNumber="297">2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6536B314FFAAFF4A4211FB9EF92F" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB314FFAAFF4A4211FD4FFE97" blockId="1.[136,1452,320,378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFF4A4211FF5CFEB8" bold="true" box="[136,194,320,341]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Type:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CE0B314FFAAFF084211FD50FE97" collectingDate="2015-06-05" collectionCode="IAUH, TARI" country="Iran" county="Semirom" elevation="3800" latitude="31.016" location="Dena mountain" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="51.374" municipality="Padena" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Esfahan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F363762DB314FFAAFF084211FE96FEB8" box="[202,264,320,341]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">IRAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49B0F85FB314FFAAFED04211FEFDFEBB" box="[274,355,320,342]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62AA4E31B314FFAAFEAF4211FE56FEBB" box="[365,456,320,342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Semirom</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACC7B314FFAAFE114211FD85FEBB" box="[467,539,320,342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Padena</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAB6066B314FFAAFDE44211FD25FEBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87ABB314FFA8FF4A43A5FEE1F83C:8EAB6066B314FFAAFDE44211FD25FEBB" box="[550,699,320,342]" country="Iran" county="Semirom" latitude="31.016" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="51.374" municipality="Padena" name="Dena mountain" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" stateProvince="Esfahan">Dena mountain</location>
chains, below
<location id="8EAB6066B314FFAAFC8D4211FC26FEBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87ABB314FFA8FF4A43A5FEE1F83C:8EAB6066B314FFAAFC8D4211FC26FEBB" box="[847,952,320,342]" country="Iran" county="Semirom" latitude="31.016" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="51.374" municipality="Padena" name="Qalat-Bozi" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" stateProvince="Esfahan">Qalat-Bozi</location>
peak,
<geoCoordinate id="EE40507AB314FFAAFC384211FBC0FEB8" box="[1018,1118,320,342]" degrees="51.374" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" precision="55" value="51.374">51.374° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE40507AB314FFAAFBAB4211FB4EFEB8" box="[1129,1232,320,342]" degrees="31.016" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" precision="55" value="31.016">31.016° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFB194211FAB6FEB8" box="[1243,1320,320,341]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="3800.0">
<elevation id="0059D18EB314FFAAFB194211FAB6FEB8" box="[1243,1320,320,341]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFCA107DB314FFAAFAF14211FA39FEBB" box="[1331,1447,320,342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" value="2015-06-05">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE995B314FFAAFAF14211FA39FEBB" box="[1331,1447,320,342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" value="2015-06-05">5 Jun. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFF7F4235FE1BFE94" box="[189,389,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Hosseinimehr 14816</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54CF881FB314FFAAFE534235FE77FE97" box="[401,489,356,378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFE314235FDACFE94" box="[499,562,356,377]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w2dz-96bt" name="Islamic Azad University" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">IAUH</collectionCode>
; isotype,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFD4E4235FD59FE97" box="[652,711,356,378]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0B6635B314FFAAFF4A4532FA95F997" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5426787" box="[136,1291,1635,1658]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" startId="1.[136,229,1635,1657]" targetBox="[176,1409,414,1596]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB314FFAAFF4A4532FA95F997" blockId="1.[136,1451,1635,1730]" box="[136,1291,1635,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFF4A4532FF60F994" bold="true" box="[136,254,1635,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB314FFAAFEC14535FE17F994" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[259,393,1636,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFEC14535FE17F994" box="[259,393,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Dionysia avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Flowering branch with corolla tube cut slightly above the calyx lobes; B. Corolla of short
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB314FFAAFF4A45D9FB9EF92F" blockId="1.[136,1451,1635,1730]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
styled flower;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFED145D9FEBDF970" box="[275,291,1672,1693]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
–
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CE0B314FFAAFEF345D9FEDFF970" box="[305,321,1672,1693]" collectionCode="E" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFEF345D9FEDFF970" box="[305,321,1672,1693]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
. Leaves;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFE5845D9FE36F970" box="[410,424,1672,1693]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
. Bract;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFE3045D9FD98F970" box="[498,518,1672,1693]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
. Calyx;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFD9445D9FDF4F970" box="[598,618,1672,1693]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Indumentum of eglandular hairs. Scale bars—for
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFB8D45D9FBFEF970" box="[1103,1120,1672,1693]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
–
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CE0B314FFAAFBAE45D9FBE4F970" box="[1132,1146,1672,1693]" collectionCode="E" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFBAE45D9FBE4F970" box="[1132,1146,1672,1693]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
=
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFB5745D9FB45F970" box="[1173,1243,1672,1693]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
; for
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFAC545D9FA8AF970" box="[1287,1300,1672,1693]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
–
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CE0B314FFAAFAE345D9FAACF970" box="[1313,1330,1672,1693]" collectionCode="G" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFAE345D9FAACF970" box="[1313,1330,1672,1693]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
=
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFA8945D9FA1BF970" box="[1355,1413,1672,1693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; for
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFF4A45FDFF07F92C" box="[136,153,1708,1729]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
=
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFF7145FDFF73F92C" box="[179,237,1708,1729]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
. Drawn by
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFE9E45FDFEE9F92C" box="[348,375,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFE9E45FDFEEDF92C" box="[348,371,1708,1729]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CE0B314FFAAFEBE45FDFC62F92F" box="[380,1020,1708,1730]" collectionCode="IAUH" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFEBE45FDFE2DF92C" box="[380,435,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Lidén</emphasis>
from part of the
<typeStatus id="54CF881FB314FFAAFD9445FDFDE1F92C" box="[598,639,1708,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">type</typeStatus>
material (
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFD2345FDFC37F92C" box="[737,937,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Hosseinimehr 14816</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE78B314FFAAFC7745FDFC6BF92F" box="[949,1013,1708,1730]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w2dz-96bt" name="Islamic Azad University" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="Herbarium">IAUH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6536B314FFA9FF4A45A1FBE0FEED" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB314FFA9FF4A45A1FBE0FEED" blockId="1.[136,1452,1776,2091]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,365]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB314FFAAFF4A45A1FE82F8E7" bold="true" box="[136,284,1776,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Description:</emphasis>
Cushions moderately dense to rather lax. Branches with imbricate leaves in overlapping whorls in the upper part, bare below, pale grayish brown with a slight reddish lustre, slightly covered by eglandular hairs. Leaves green, entire, oblong, apex obtuse, (3–)5–10 ×
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, margin ciliate, with eglandular hairs to
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long on both sides or only adaxially, with sessile or shortly stalked glands on both surfaces, but most frequently abaxially. Bracts 1 or rarely 2, narrow, similar to calyx lobes,
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long. Flowers single, sessile or very shortly stalked; pedicel &lt;
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFAAE44D1FA32F876" box="[1388,1452,1920,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, with eglandular hairs. Calyx divided to the base, much smaller than leaves,
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFBD844F5FB13F852" box="[1050,1165,1956,1983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
long; lobes oblanceolate, subobtuse at apex, gland-dotted abaxially, with eglandular hairs
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFC8F4499FC4CF80E" box="[845,978,1992,2019]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
long on both sides and marginally. Corolla yellow, densely covered by eglandular hairs outside, hairs conspicuously longer in distal part; tube of short-styled flowers up to
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFEE04B41FEEFF7C6" box="[290,369,2064,2091]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long, that of long-styled flowers ca
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFCC44B41FCCBF7C6" box="[774,853,2064,2091]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long; limb to
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B314FFAAFC304B41FBDFF7C6" box="[1010,1089,2064,2091]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
across, lobes obovate, ca.
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long, apex emarginate. Style of short-styled flowers
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long, that of long-styled flowers not exserted, up to
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long. Stamens in short-styled flowers inserted 1/3 from the base, in long-styled flowers inserted 4/5 from the base. Ovary small, rounded, with 5–6 ovules; seeds (immature) rounded, small, ca
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B317FFA9FC2A43B7FBA0FEEC" box="[1000,1086,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6536B317FFA8FF7F425BFDBCF914" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB317FFA9FF7F425BFCBBFE81" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB317FFA9FF7F425BFED6FEC9" bold="true" box="[189,328,266,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific epithet means “isolated, off the trodden road”. Other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB317FFA9FB13425AFAA8FEC9" box="[1233,1334,267,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB317FFA9FB13425AFAA8FEC9" box="[1233,1334,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Dionysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from Dena mountain ranges usually grow at altitudes up to
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. Our new species seems to be highly isolated and somehow unique in being adapted to much higher altitudes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0B6635B317FFA9FF4A44BDFD2AF7EF" box="[136,692,2028,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" startId="2.[136,229,2028,2050]">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB317FFA9FF4A44BDFD2AF7EF" blockId="2.[136,692,2028,2050]" box="[136,692,2028,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB317FFA9FF4A44BDFF60F7EC" bold="true" box="[136,254,2028,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB317FFA9FEC144BCFE17F7EF" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[259,393,2029,2050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB317FFA9FEC144BCFE17F7EF" box="[259,393,2029,2050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Dionysia avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–B. Photos of type material.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0B6635B316FFA8FF4A47F3FC3BFB55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5426789" box="[136,933,1186,1208]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" startId="3.[136,229,1186,1208]" targetBox="[159,1429,198,1154]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB316FFA8FF4A47F3FC3BFB55" blockId="3.[136,933,1186,1208]" box="[136,933,1186,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FF4A47F3FF60FB5A" bold="true" box="[136,254,1186,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FE0547F2FDD2FB55" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[455,588,1187,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FE0547F2FDD2FB55" box="[455,588,1187,1208]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Dionysia avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FD9B47F2FD7BFB5A" box="[601,741,1186,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bachtiarica">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FD9B47F2FD7BFB5A" box="[601,741,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. bachtiarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FCD147F2FC3EFB5A" box="[787,928,1186,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lamingtonii">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FCD147F2FC3EFB5A" box="[787,928,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. lamingtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB316FFA8FF7F47B7FDBCF914" blockId="3.[136,1452,1254,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FF7F47B7FEE6FAED" bold="true" box="[189,376,1254,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Similar species:</emphasis>
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FD5B47B9FBE3FAEC" authority="Bornm. &amp; Alexeenko" authorityName="Bornm. &amp; Alexeenko" box="[665,1149,1255,1281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bachtiarica">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FD5B47B9FC18FAEC" box="[665,902,1255,1281]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Dionysia bachtiarica</emphasis>
Bornm. &amp; Alexeenko
</taxonomicName>
in Bornmüller (1904: 515) in growth habit, leaf shape, indumentum and calyx size. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FCAB465DFC24FAC8" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[873,954,1292,1317]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FCAB465DFC24FAC8" box="[873,954,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in isophylly (versus very pronounced anisophylly in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FEF04661FE48FAA4" box="[306,470,1327,1353]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bachtiarica">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FEF04661FE48FAA4" box="[306,470,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. bachtiarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with overwintering leaves small, with pale thickened margin; spring leaves 3–5 times longer), marginal hairs of leaves and calyx lobes finer and shorter,
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long (versus coarser and longer hairs, up to
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long), leaves hairy (versus glabrous abaxially), calyx lobes
<quantity id="4C8C9B58B316FFA8FC0A4626FBA3FA7C" box="[968,1085,1399,1426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
long, hairy (versus
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long, glabrous on both sides), corolla hairy (versus glabrous) and capsules with 5–6 seeds (versus more than 15 seeds).
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FF4A4691FEBDFA34" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,291,1472,1497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FF4A4691FEBDFA34" box="[136,291,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Dionysia avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may find its closest relative in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FDB84691FCC3FA34" authority="Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" box="[634,861,1471,1497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lamingtonii">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FDB84691FC82FA34" box="[634,796,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. lamingtonii</emphasis>
Stapf
</taxonomicName>
in Decades Kewenses (1913: 43). A character unique to these two species is the entire leaves with a conspicuous indumentum of long multicellular eglandular hairs on the adaxial sides and margins of the leaves, which is absent or present on the abaxial side, even on successive leaves of the same individual. The two species have, however, very different habits, and are easily distinguished by a number of characters.
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FEEC4501FE50F984" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[302,462,1616,1641]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FEEC4501FE50F984" box="[302,462,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Dionysia avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is relatively loose (versus very compact) and soft plant (versus hard), green (versus conspicuously blue-green), much larger in all parts with glands (versus without glands and glandular hairs, except on the corolla). Further, the calyx is split to the base (versus split from 60–80%). Very rarely encountered strongly aberrant shade forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FE5645EDFDA8F938" box="[404,566,1723,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lamingtonii">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FE5645EDFDA8F938" box="[404,566,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. lamingtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have loose growth and almost as long leaves as
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FB8845EDFB05F938" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[1098,1179,1724,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FB8845EDFB05F938" box="[1098,1179,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the other characters still clearly separate the two species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6536B316FFA8FF7F4452FEE1F83C" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB316FFA8FF7F4452FBC3F8AC" blockId="3.[136,1452,1254,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FF7F4452FE74F8F1" bold="true" box="[189,490,1794,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Ecology and distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FE2D4455FD17F8F0" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[495,649,1796,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FE2D4455FD17F8F0" box="[495,649,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Dionysia avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the
<typeStatus id="54CF881FB316FFA8FC4D4452FC21F8F0" box="[911,959,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">type</typeStatus>
locality in the alpine area of Dena mountains on limestone. It is not confined to vertical sites, but grow also on sloping rocks (
<figureCitation id="134F2A38B316FFA8FBC94476FBD1F8AC" box="[1035,1103,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1186,1208]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,198,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[151,1436,190,1162]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Dionysia avia, D. bachtiarica and D. lamingtonii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5426789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5426789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36BDB316FFA8FF7F441BFEE1F83C" blockId="3.[136,1452,1254,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FF7F441BFE2BF888" bold="true" box="[189,437,1866,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">Conservation status:</emphasis>
Like
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FE3A441DFD43F888" authority="Bunge" authorityName="Bunge" box="[504,733,1867,1893]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="drabifolia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FE3A441DFD12F888" box="[504,652,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. drabifolia</emphasis>
Bunge
</taxonomicName>
(1871: 558; syn.:
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FC6F441DFAD7F88B" authority="Wendelbo (1970: 306))" authorityName="Wendelbo" authorityPageNumber="306" authorityYear="1970" box="[941,1353,1867,1894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="termeana">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FC6F441DFBA5F888" box="[941,1083,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. termeana</emphasis>
Wendelbo (1970: 306))
</taxonomicName>
, another Kuh Dena endemic,
<taxonomicName id="4C744D3EB316FFA8FEB04421FE5BF864" authorityName="Mehregan, Younesi &amp; Liden" authorityYear="2021" box="[370,453,1904,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dionysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avia">
<emphasis id="B900EAAFB316FFA8FEB04421FE5BF864" box="[370,453,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">D. avia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the
<typeStatus id="54CF881FB316FFA8FD1D443EFC91F864" box="[735,783,1903,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">type</typeStatus>
locality. The restricted known occurrence and low number of individuals (ca 100 mature plants) suggests the category “Critically Endangered” (CR B1a or B2a) according to the IUCN manual (2012).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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