175 lines
28 KiB
XML
175 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="112EC92336EC4E75891540F55165C820" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4132.1.7" ID-CLB-Dataset="38697" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4132.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f32eb8f7-1c50-4e8e-b522-2c099762cf06" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266941" ID-ZooBank="DA13C2D5-5BEE-45C6-9AA1-33789C1E9171" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1467096622281" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2016" docId="03DD87A00F10E52F93EFC261FB864323" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4132.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4132 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polycarpa zorritensis Van Name 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="FFE4FFD80F14E5289378C576FFB4423E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Polyandrocarpa (Ascidiacea, Styelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1698663333426" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E67004EA16DA5F960EF0D9A6BAB9B1C5">A new species of Polyandrocarpa (Ascidiacea, Styelidae) in the Mediterranean Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="8186EA0EC7B672D27AB7C4DB6A98659C">4132</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DD87A00F10E52F93EFC261FB864323" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055045" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121071211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87A00F10E52F93EFC261FB864323" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87A00F10E52F93EFC261FB864323" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection id="C36E653D0F10E52C93EFC261FE97456C" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36B60F10E52C93EFC261FDCF450F" blockId="4.[151,635,1815,1875]" box="[151,635,1815,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D08381DA0F10E52C93EFC261FDCF450F" bold="true" box="[151,635,1815,1841]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D350F10E52C93EFC261FDCF450F" authority="Van Name, 1931" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,635,1815,1841]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zorritensis">
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<emphasis id="B900EAA40F10E52C93EFC261FDCF450F" bold="true" box="[151,635,1815,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B900EAA40F10E52C93EFC261FE22450F" bold="true" box="[151,406,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Polycarpa zorritensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F10E52C92DDC261FDC7450F" author="Van" box="[421,627,1815,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1931) New North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 61, 207 - 225." type="journal article" year="1931">Van Name, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36B60F10E52C93EFC24CFE97456C" blockId="4.[151,635,1815,1875]" box="[151,291,1850,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
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<figureCitation id="134F2A330F10E52C93EFC24CFEAB456C" box="[151,287,1850,1875]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1276,1298]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1685,1707]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1786,1808]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1424,204,1244]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1436,485,1657]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,301,1528]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1434,337,1747]" captionTargetBox-4="[184,1412,349,1433]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1254]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1663]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1529]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1765]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[177,1413,337,1445]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis. A, part of a colony; B zooid extracted from the tunic; C, three polycarps. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; C = 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis from Tarento, Italy. A, dissection and B, branchial sac of a same zooid; C, dissection and D, part of the branchial sac of another zooid. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Polycarpa zorritensis colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 cm." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Polycarpa zorritensis. A and B, branchial sac and body of a zooid from Florida. C, specimen from Brazil ventrally opened showing incubated embryos. Scale bars: A, B, C = 2 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Polycarpa zorritensis. A and B, body and branchial sac of a zooid from California; C, D and E, body, polycarps and branchial sac of a zooid from Japan. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C = 4 mm, E = 2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266944/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/266945/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/266947/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/266948/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Figures 3–7</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E653D0F10E52E93EFC2F5FDA94323" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36B60F10E52D93EFC2F5FDB442C6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1922,2019]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D350F10E52C93EFC2F5FE9F45A4" box="[151,299,1923,1946]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zorritensis">
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<emphasis id="B900EAA40F10E52C93EFC2F5FE9F45A4" box="[151,299,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">P. zorritensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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first described from
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<collectingCountry id="F36376260F10E52C9158C2F5FDE045A4" box="[544,596,1923,1946]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F10E52C911CC2F4FC9445A4" author="Van" box="[612,800,1922,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1931) New North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 61, 207 - 225." type="journal article" year="1931">Van Name 1931</bibRefCitation>
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) is also recorded from California (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F10E52C97CBC2F4FF664580" author="Lambert" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" refString="Lambert, C. C. & Lambert, G. (1998) Non indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas. Marine Biology, 130, 675 - 688. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002270050289" type="journal article" year="1998">Lambert & Lambert 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F10E52C93A7C2D0FEAF4580" author="Lambert" box="[223,283,1958,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" refString="Lambert, C. C. & Lambert, G. (2003) Persistance and differential distribution of non-indigenous ascidians in harbors of the Southern California Bight. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 259, 145 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 259145" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F36376260F10E52C9248C2D3FEC04580" box="[304,372,1957,1982]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F10E52C92FDC2D3FDA54580" author="Millar" box="[389,529,1957,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" refString="Millar, R. H. (1958) Some ascidians from Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Serie 13, 1, 497 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935808650975" type="journal article" year="1958">Millar 1958</bibRefCitation>
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), Florida (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F10E52C91F0C2D0FC174580" author="Vazquez" box="[648,931,1958,1983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" refString="Vazquez, E. & Young, C. M. (1998) Ontogenic changes in phototaxis during larval life of ascidians Polyandrocarpa zoritensis (Van Name 1931). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 231, 267 - 277. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0022 - 0981 (98) 00094 - X" type="journal article" year="1998">Vazquez & Young, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="F36376260F10E52C909EC2D1FB924580" box="[998,1062,1959,1982]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F10E52C974EC2D3FA994580" author="Nishikawa" box="[1078,1325,1957,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" refString="Nishikawa, T., Kajiwara, Y. & Kawamura, K. (1993) Probable introduction of Polyandrocarpa zorritensis (Van Name) to Kitakushu and Kochi, Japan. Zoological Science, 10, 176." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Nishikawa
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<emphasis id="B900EAA40F10E52C97C1C2D1FB584580" box="[1209,1260,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">et al</emphasis>
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1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A330F10E52C963FC2D3FA394580" box="[1351,1421,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polycarpa zorritensis colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Several specimens from these records are present in the MNHN collection and have been examined. In the Mediterranean this species was noticed for the first time from
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<collectingCountry id="F36376260F11E52D902EC5E1FC3D428E" box="[854,905,151,176]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(Brunetti
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<date id="FFCA10760F11E52D9086C5EEFBC9428E" box="[1022,1149,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" value="1978" valueMax="1979">1978–1979</date>
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) and later on the Spanish coast (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F11E52D939AC5CAFE6842EA" author="Turon" box="[226,476,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refString="Turon, X. & Perera, M. (1988) Las ascidias del delta del Ebro. Aspectos faunisticos y cuantitativos. Publicationes del Departamento de Zoologia, Univ. of Barcelona, 14, 81 - 90." type="journal article" year="1988">Turon & Perera 1988</bibRefCitation>
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) and more recently considered as common in several shallow Mediterranean areas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F11E52D93E6C5A9FE4042C6" author="Brunetti" box="[158,500,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refString="Brunetti, R. & Mastrototaro, F. (2004) The non-indigenous stolidobranch ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis in the Mediterranean: description, larval morphology and pattern of vascular budding. Zootaxa, 528, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2004">Brunetti & Mastrototaro 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0B663E0F11E52D93EFC378FE33447C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1528]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36B60F11E52D93EFC378FE33447C" blockId="5.[151,1435,1550,1602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B900EAA40F11E52D93EFC378FEA7441D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1550,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D350F11E52D9262C378FE41441A" box="[282,501,1550,1572]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zorritensis">
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<emphasis id="B900EAA40F11E52D9262C378FE41441A" box="[282,501,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Polycarpa zorritensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5mm; B, C, D = 1cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36B60F11E52E93BFC319FDA94323" blockId="5.[151,1437,1647,2032]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
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The description below is made after dissections made on the material from Tarento (
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<collectingCountry id="F36376260F11E52D97ECC319FB7E44B6" box="[1172,1226,1647,1672]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Italy</collectingCountry>
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) kindly sent by F. Mastrototaro, and corresponds to observations on other material already published. The individuals are elongated with both siphons anterior, parallel to each other, with their tunic linked in a common thick basal sheet (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A330F11E52D9666C3C1FAEE44EE" box="[1310,1370,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1276,1298]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,204,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1254]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis. A, part of a colony; B zooid extracted from the tunic; C, three polycarps. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266944/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Fig.3</figureCitation>
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A), or sometimes by basal stolons. The tunic is thin but resistant without sand. The organs are visible through the thin translucent body wall (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A330F11E52D92E1C389FE624526" box="[409,470,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1276,1298]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,204,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1254]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis. A, part of a colony; B zooid extracted from the tunic; C, three polycarps. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266944/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Fig.3</figureCitation>
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B). The oral tentacles are well spaced in 2 orders of size behind a velum. ((
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<figureCitation id="134F2A330F11E52D965CC389FAD54526" box="[1316,1377,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1685,1707]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,485,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis from Tarento, Italy. A, dissection and B, branchial sac of a same zooid; C, dissection and D, part of the branchial sac of another zooid. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Fig.4</figureCitation>
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AB.). The prepharyngeal band is double. The dorsal tubercle is a button-like transverse opening. There are 4 complete branchial folds (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A330F11E52D922CC231FE28455E" box="[340,412,1863,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1685,1707]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,485,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis from Tarento, Italy. A, dissection and B, branchial sac of a same zooid; C, dissection and D, part of the branchial sac of another zooid. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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B). The spaces between the branchial folds contain fewer longitudinal vessels than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D350F11E52D96FFC23EFF5A45BD" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polyandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arianae">
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<emphasis id="B900EAA40F11E52D96FFC23EFF5A45BD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">P. arianae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, one or 2 as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B470F11E52D9176C21AFD6245BA" box="[526,726,1900,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1931) New North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 61, 207 - 225." type="journal article">Van Name (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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, and the parastigmatic vessels are generally absent except when a row of stigmata is dividing (
|
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<figureCitation id="134F2A330F11E52D9291C2F9FD994596" box="[489,557,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1685,1707]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,485,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis from Tarento, Italy. A, dissection and B, branchial sac of a same zooid; C, dissection and D, part of the branchial sac of another zooid. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The first right fold moves apart from the dorsal lamina posteriorly, leaving a triangular space. The primary gut loop is short and closed with a plicate stomach which possesses a caecum. The rectum is long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F11E52D923FC2A1FE3E45CE" box="[327,394,2007,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1685,1707]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,485,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis from Tarento, Italy. A, dissection and B, branchial sac of a same zooid; C, dissection and D, part of the branchial sac of another zooid. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266945/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A,C) and the anus has 2 lips one of which is lobed. A foliated endocarp occupies the primary gut loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E927BC5E1FE8A428E" box="[259,318,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1685,1707]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,485,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis from Tarento, Italy. A, dissection and B, branchial sac of a same zooid; C, dissection and D, part of the branchial sac of another zooid. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266945/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||
AC). The round polycarps are placed in a single straight line on each side of the endostyle and close to it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E93ABC5CAFEA242EA" box="[211,278,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1685,1707]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,485,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis from Tarento, Italy. A, dissection and B, branchial sac of a same zooid; C, dissection and D, part of the branchial sac of another zooid. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266945/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A,C). The sperm duct of each testis lobe is independent from the others; they all join at the single distal male papilla which opens at some distance from the wide open female papilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E976CC5A9FBE342C6" box="[1044,1111,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1276,1298]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,204,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1254]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Polyandrocarpa zorritensis. A, part of a colony; B zooid extracted from the tunic; C, three polycarps. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; C = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The Italian specimens do not contain embryos in incubation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B663E0F12E52E93EFC38CFC934511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266947/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" targetBox="[164,1434,337,1747]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36B60F12E52E93EFC38CFC934511" blockId="6.[151,1436,1786,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAA40F12E52E93EFC38CFEA64531" bold="true" box="[151,274,1786,1808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D350F12E52E9260C38CFE47452E" box="[280,499,1786,1808]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zorritensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAA40F12E52E9260C38CFE47452E" box="[280,499,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Polycarpa zorritensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A and B, branchial sac and body of a zooid from Florida. C, specimen from Brazil ventrally opened showing incubated embryos. Scale bars: A, B, C = 2mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E653D0F12E52F93BFC22DFB864323" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36B60F12E52F93BFC22DFB864323" blockId="6.[151,1436,1883,2016]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||
Other samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D350F12E52E92E9C22AFD90454D" box="[401,548,1884,1907]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zorritensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAA40F12E52E92E9C22AFD90454D" box="[401,548,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">P. zorritensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present in the MNHN collection from distant regions were also examined, all collected at the shore or in marinas. All have a similar size and colony shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E9759C209FBD345A6" box="[1057,1127,1919,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polycarpa zorritensis colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF88140F12E52E9614C2F6FA2845A6" box="[1388,1436,1920,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">type</typeStatus>
|
||
colony from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36376260F12E52E924DC2D2FEDF4585" box="[309,363,1956,1979]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, others from Florida: Fort Pierce (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E906BC2D5FCE84582" box="[787,860,1955,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polycarpa zorritensis colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 6A,B), from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36376260F12E52E975BC2D5FBD84582" box="[1059,1132,1955,1980]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Rio (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E97C3C2D5FAB14582" box="[1211,1285,1955,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polycarpa zorritensis colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A,.6C), from California: Oceanside (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E92DAC2B1FE5C45DE" box="[418,488,1991,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polycarpa zorritensis colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 7 A,B) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36376260F12E52E91E1C2BEFD6945E1" box="[665,733,1992,2015]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36376260F12E52E9193C2B1FC9B45DE" box="[747,815,1991,2016]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Kochi</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A330F12E52E903AC2B1FC3C45DE" box="[834,904,1991,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Polycarpa zorritensis colonies: A, from Brazil; B, from Florida; C, from California; D, from Japan. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B, C, D = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266946/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 7C,D,E) have all the same anatomy. Some constant characteristic features can be noticed that are independent of the specimen size. The dorsal lamina is always displaced to the left side and joins posteriorly the first branchial fold on the left; there are no parastigmatic vessels. The most ventral branchial fold on each side is always smaller than the others. The secondary gut loop is absent or poorly curved; there is a gastric caecum and an endocarp in the gut loop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |