443 lines
76 KiB
XML
443 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="2E62D9B26507B7C0949EBCAE4889CB5E" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad116" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241025" ID-ZooBank="8E04CA83-16B0-4A9F-80B0-267704C75165C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1716363573692" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jiang, Limin, Wang, Congcong, Liao, Lijian, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Warren, Alan & Hu, Xiaozhong" docDate="2024" docId="03DD8799886CA167AF52FA54FA10FDFC" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad116.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad116" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Apsiktrata gracilis Foissner et al. 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="857" masterDocId="FFE4FFE1886AA16FAC34FFABFFBBFFFD" masterDocTitle="Re-evaluation of the systematic position of the order Prostomatida (Protista: Ciliophora), with the establishment of two new genera and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="864" masterPageNumber="849" pageNumber="855" updateTime="1716410387408" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:title id="96D9DAFB766E599937EDB0D6F15D6C89">Re-evaluation of the systematic position of the order Prostomatida (Protista: Ciliophora), with the establishment of two new genera and two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3675AF72D8B12DE450FAD5FC45609C20">Jiang, Limin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="55E6CE093AC16B5B2E51300EABC6DA14">College of Fisheries & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5153AE61FD0A8A7E9EF6A961A2B6DE9">Wang, Congcong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6F55895F25C28199C30E499A75885552">College of Fisheries & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA99EFC7B6A28B98D5DAAC8B77C16959">Liao, Lijian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F5290CBCF8D14EE1C01D8EA3D8EF73C">College of Fisheries & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6AF7EAE9AC7AF0D93150057116A30580">Al-Farraj, Saleh A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="11B14F0B576F9D622D4017FE9D6E3213">Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A946A40D4F5662B59D9D4F98C22607F0">Warren, Alan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="47D118528DC60455A242BEC7DF1E5570">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E89C6BF23E6CED2F67DF61A57B796A55">Hu, Xiaozhong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1AF3A3B39637459DDA13F4CFF0212CEA">College of Fisheries & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China & Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="08093A689A60D1525027636ED4938859" type="email">xiaozhonghu@ouc.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSubSection id="C36E6504886CA169AF52FA54FA2EF9E4" box="[870,1429,1535,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="855" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C886CA169AF52FA54FA2EF9E4" ID-CoL="FY8N" authority="(Penard, 1922) Foissner et al., 1994" authorityName="Foissner et al." authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Penard" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[870,1429,1535,1562]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Apsiktrata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="855" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B900EA9D886CA169AF52FA54FA2EF9E4" bold="true" box="[870,1429,1535,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">
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<emphasis id="B900EA9D886CA169AF52FA54FBA7F9E7" bold="true" box="[870,1052,1535,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Apsiktrata gracilis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7E886CA169A813FA54FB00F9E4" author="Penard E" box="[1063,1211,1535,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="855" refId="ref13375" refString="Penard E. Etudes sur les infusoires d'eau douce. Geneve: Georg and Cie, 1922." type="book" year="1922">Penard, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7E886CA169A8F3FA54FA2EF9E4" author="Foissner W & Berger H & Kohmann F & Band III" box="[1223,1429,1535,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="855" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref11940" refString="Foissner W, Berger H, Kohmann F. Taxonomische und okologische revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft 1994; 1 / 94: 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="1994">
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Foissner
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<emphasis id="B900EA9D886CA169A912F9ABFAEEF9E7" bold="true" box="[1318,1365,1535,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1994
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<paragraph id="8BCB368F886CA169A81EF984FB69F9B4" blockId="6.[1066,1234,1583,1609]" box="[1066,1234,1583,1609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">
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<emphasis id="B900EA9D886CA169A81EF984FB69F9B4" bold="true" box="[1066,1234,1583,1609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886CA169A800F984FBD5F9B4" box="[1076,1134,1583,1609]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6F60334886CA169A84DF984FB7CF9B4" box="[1145,1223,1583,1609]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[113,168,1264,1288]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric data on Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis after protargol staining (measurements are in micrometres)." pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB368F886CA167AF0DF9DBFF53FED8" blockId="6.[825,1474,1647,1953]" lastBlockId="8.[129,778,144,513]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="857" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">
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<emphasis id="B900EA9D886CA169AF0DF9DBFB1DF97A" box="[825,1190,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Description of Qingdao population:</emphasis>
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Cell size
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<emphasis id="B900EA9D886CA169A929F9DBFADFF97A" box="[1309,1380,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">in vivo</emphasis>
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~40–70 μm × ~15–30 μm, on average 50 μm × 20 μm, with a length-to-width ratio of 2–3:1 (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886CA169A82BF905FB0BF93B" box="[1055,1200,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Fig. 5A, F, I, J</figureCitation>
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). Body generally obovate, circular in apical view, anterior end broadly rounded, posterior half significantly narrowed; well-fed individuals more rounded in mid-region (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886CA169AFE0F8A7FBE1F8DE" box="[980,1114,1804,1828]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Fig. 5A, F, I, J</figureCitation>
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). Cytostome apical, circular in outline; oral basket funnel shaped, ~10–14 μm × ~2–4 μm, with slender fibres attached to anterior end; collar-like bulge around anterior end of body (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886CA169A821F8C1FB36F87C" box="[1045,1165,1898,1922]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Fig. 5A, J, N</figureCitation>
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). Surface of body with shallow longitudinal furrows, along which somatic kineties run (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886CA169A95DF822FA0AF85C" box="[1385,1457,1929,1953]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="855">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
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). Silverline system comprises irregular parallelograms connected by slanting fibrils to form a grid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886DA168ADE6F8F0FDFFF88E" box="[466,580,1883,1907]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Fig. 5G, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cytoplasm colourless, usually with several large food vacuoles coloured vividly blue–green by algal food and with several small brown or colourless globules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886DA168AD32F812FEF2F82C" box="[262,329,1977,2001]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Extrusomes rod shaped, ~2–3 μm long after protargol staining, distributed along somatic kineties, lying orthogonal to pellicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A886DA168A822F8F0FB6DF889" box="[1046,1238,1883,1908]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Fig. 5E, H, K, L, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
). One macronucleus, ellipsoidal, ~9–13 μm × ~8–11 μm after protargol staining, with several large spherical nucleoli, located slightly above equatorial region near cell mid-line; one micronucleus, globular, ~1 μm × ~1.5 μm after protargol staining, adjacent to macronucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167ACBFFF04FF54FF3A" box="[139,239,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 5A, P</figureCitation>
|
||
). Contractile vacuole in posterior third of body, ~11 μm in diameter when fully expanded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167AE34FF64FDC8FF1B" box="[512,627,206,231]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 5A, F, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Locomotion by swimming slowly in upper layer of water, with an irregular trajectory.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B6607886DA168AC47FC35FDA5FB4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="856" startId="7.[115,180,926,950]" targetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F886DA168AC47FC35FDA5FB4E" blockId="7.[113,1446,926,1203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AC47FC35FF77FC4A" bold="true" box="[115,204,926,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C886DA168AFBCFC34FB95FC4A" authorityName="Foissner et al." authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Penard" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[904,1070,927,951]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Apsiktrata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="856" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AFBCFC34FB95FC4A" box="[904,1070,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Apsiktrata gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket. O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B6607886DA168AC45FB5BFAECFAF5" box="[113,1367,1264,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856" startId="7.[113,168,1264,1288]" targetBox="[113,1458,1311,1755]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F886DA168AC45FB5BFAECFAF5" blockId="7.[113,1367,1264,1288]" box="[113,1367,1264,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AC45FB5BFF04FAF5" bold="true" box="[113,191,1264,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data on Qingdao population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C886DA168AE49FB5BFC9BFAF5" authorityName="Foissner et al." authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Penard" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[637,800,1264,1288]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Apsiktrata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="856" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AE49FB5BFC9BFAF5" box="[637,800,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Apsiktrata gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after protargol staining (measurements are in micrometres).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F886DA168AC45FAB4FA09F926" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<table id="F974C42F886D5E90AC45FAB4FA09F926" box="[113,1458,1311,1755]" gridcols="8" gridrows="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45FAB4FA09FACA" box="[113,1458,1311,1335]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45FAB4FDDFFACA" box="[113,612,1311,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AC45FAB4FF46FACA" bold="true" box="[113,253,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Characteristic</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94FAB4FCBFFACA" box="[672,772,1311,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AE94FAB4FCBFFACA" bold="true" box="[672,772,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Minimum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BFAB4FC1DFACA" box="[831,934,1311,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AF0BFAB4FC1DFACA" bold="true" box="[831,934,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Maximum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5FAB4FB96FACA" box="[993,1069,1311,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AFD5FAB4FB96FACA" bold="true" box="[993,1069,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Median</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CFAB4FB1BFACA" box="[1128,1184,1311,1335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168A85CFAB4FB1BFACA" bold="true" box="[1128,1184,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Mean</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFFAB4FB41FACA" box="[1243,1274,1311,1335]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168A8EFFAB4FB41FACA" bold="true" box="[1243,1274,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">SD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90A901FAB4FAE4FACA" box="[1333,1375,1311,1335]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168A901FAB4FAEDFACA" bold="true" box="[1333,1366,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">CV</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEFAB4FA09FACA" box="[1434,1458,1311,1335]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168A9AEFAB4FA17FACB" bold="true" box="[1434,1452,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">N</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45FAE4FA09FA9A" box="[113,1458,1359,1383]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45FAE4FDDFFA9A" box="[113,612,1359,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Body length</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94FAE4FCBFFA9A" box="[672,772,1359,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">40</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BFAE4FC1DFA9A" box="[831,934,1359,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">60</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5FAE4FB96FA9A" box="[993,1069,1359,1383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">49</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CFAE4FB1BFA9A" box="[1128,1184,1359,1383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">50.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFFAE4FB41FA9A" box="[1243,1274,1359,1383]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901FAE4FAE4FA9A" box="[1333,1375,1359,1383]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">10.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEFAE4FA09FA9A" box="[1434,1458,1359,1383]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45FADBFA09FA74" box="[113,1458,1392,1417]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45FADBFDDFFA74" box="[113,612,1392,1417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Body width</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94FADBFCBFFA74" box="[672,772,1392,1417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">18</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BFADBFC1DFA74" box="[831,934,1392,1417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">26</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5FADBFB96FA74" box="[993,1069,1392,1417]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">22</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CFADBFB1BFA74" box="[1128,1184,1392,1417]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFFADBFB41FA74" box="[1243,1274,1392,1417]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901FADBFAE4FA74" box="[1333,1375,1392,1417]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEFADBFA09FA74" box="[1434,1458,1392,1417]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45FA39FA09FA56" box="[113,1458,1426,1451]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45FA39FDDFFA56" box="[113,612,1426,1451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Ratio of body length to body width</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94FA39FCBFFA56" box="[672,772,1426,1451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BFA39FC1DFA56" box="[831,934,1426,1451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5FA39FB96FA56" box="[993,1069,1426,1451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CFA39FB1BFA56" box="[1128,1184,1426,1451]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFFA39FB41FA56" box="[1243,1274,1426,1451]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901FA39FAE4FA56" box="[1333,1375,1426,1451]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEFA39FA09FA56" box="[1434,1458,1426,1451]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45FA1FFA09FA31" box="[113,1458,1460,1484]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45FA1FFDDFFA31" box="[113,612,1460,1484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Macronucleus length</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94FA1FFCBFFA31" box="[672,772,1460,1484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BFA1FFC1DFA31" box="[831,934,1460,1484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">13</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5FA1FFB96FA31" box="[993,1069,1460,1484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">11</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CFA1FFB1BFA31" box="[1128,1184,1460,1484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">10.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFFA1FFB41FA31" box="[1243,1274,1460,1484]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901FA1FFAE4FA31" box="[1333,1375,1460,1484]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">12.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEFA1FFA09FA31" box="[1434,1458,1460,1484]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45FA7DFA09FA13" box="[113,1458,1494,1518]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45FA7DFDDFFA13" box="[113,612,1494,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Macronucleus width</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94FA7DFCBFFA13" box="[672,772,1494,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BFA7DFC1DFA13" box="[831,934,1494,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">11</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5FA7DFB96FA13" box="[993,1069,1494,1518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CFA7DFB1BFA13" box="[1128,1184,1494,1518]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFFA7DFB41FA13" box="[1243,1274,1494,1518]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901FA7DFAE4FA13" box="[1333,1375,1494,1518]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">11.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEFA7DFA09FA13" box="[1434,1458,1494,1518]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45FA53FA09F9ED" box="[113,1458,1528,1552]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45FA53FDDFF9ED" box="[113,612,1528,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Ratio of macronucleus length to macronucleus width</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94FA53FCBFF9ED" box="[672,772,1528,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BFA53FC1DF9ED" box="[831,934,1528,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5FA53FB96F9ED" box="[993,1069,1528,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CFA53FB1BF9ED" box="[1128,1184,1528,1552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFFA53FB41F9ED" box="[1243,1274,1528,1552]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901FA53FAE4F9ED" box="[1333,1375,1528,1552]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEFA53FA09F9ED" box="[1434,1458,1528,1552]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45F9B1FA09F9CF" box="[113,1458,1562,1586]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45F9B1FDDFF9CF" box="[113,612,1562,1586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Anterior body end to macronucleus, distance</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94F9B1FCBFF9CF" box="[672,772,1562,1586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BF9B1FC1DF9CF" box="[831,934,1562,1586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">29</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5F9B1FB96F9CF" box="[993,1069,1562,1586]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">18</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CF9B1FB1BF9CF" box="[1128,1184,1562,1586]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">17.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFF9B1FB41F9CF" box="[1243,1274,1562,1586]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901F9B1FAE4F9CF" box="[1333,1375,1562,1586]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">37.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEF9B1FA09F9CF" box="[1434,1458,1562,1586]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45F990FA09F9A9" box="[113,1458,1595,1620]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45F990FDDFF9A9" box="[113,612,1595,1620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Somatic kineties, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94F990FCBFF9A9" box="[672,772,1595,1620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">19</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BF990FC1DF9A9" box="[831,934,1595,1620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">25</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5F990FB96F9A9" box="[993,1069,1595,1620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">22</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CF990FB1BF9A9" box="[1128,1184,1595,1620]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFF990FB41F9A9" box="[1243,1274,1595,1620]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901F990FAE4F9A9" box="[1333,1375,1595,1620]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEF990FA09F9A9" box="[1434,1458,1595,1620]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45F9F6FA09F98B" box="[113,1458,1629,1654]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45F9F6FDDFF98B" box="[113,612,1629,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Transverse rings, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94F9F6FCBFF98B" box="[672,772,1629,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BF9F6FC1DF98B" box="[831,934,1629,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5F9F6FB96F98B" box="[993,1069,1629,1654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CF9F6FB1BF98B" box="[1128,1184,1629,1654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">8.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFF9F6FB41F98B" box="[1243,1274,1629,1654]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901F9F6FAE4F98B" box="[1333,1375,1629,1654]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEF9F6FA09F98B" box="[1434,1458,1629,1654]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45F9D4FA09F96A" box="[113,1458,1663,1687]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45F9D4FDDFF96A" box="[113,612,1663,1687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Oral basket length</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94F9D4FCBFF96A" box="[672,772,1663,1687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BF9D4FC1DF96A" box="[831,934,1663,1687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">14</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5F9D4FB96F96A" box="[993,1069,1663,1687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">12</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CF9D4FB1BF96A" box="[1128,1184,1663,1687]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">12.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFF9D4FB41F96A" box="[1243,1274,1663,1687]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901F9D4FAE4F96A" box="[1333,1375,1663,1687]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEF9D4FA09F96A" box="[1434,1458,1663,1687]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45F90AFA09F944" box="[113,1458,1697,1721]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45F90AFDDFF944" box="[113,612,1697,1721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Oral basket width</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94F90AFCBFF944" box="[672,772,1697,1721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BF90AFC1DF944" box="[831,934,1697,1721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5F90AFB96F944" box="[993,1069,1697,1721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CF90AFB1BF944" box="[1128,1184,1697,1721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFF90AFB41F944" box="[1243,1274,1697,1721]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901F90AFAE4F944" box="[1333,1375,1697,1721]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">8.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEF90AFA09F944" box="[1434,1458,1697,1721]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354434CD886D5E90AC45F968FA09F926" box="[113,1458,1731,1755]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<th id="76955DB1886D5E90AC45F968FDDFF926" box="[113,612,1731,1755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">Ratio of oral basket length to oral basket width</th>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AE94F968FCBFF926" box="[672,772,1731,1755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AF0BF968FC1DF926" box="[831,934,1731,1755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90AFD5F968FB96F926" box="[993,1069,1731,1755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A85CF968FB1BF926" box="[1128,1184,1731,1755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A8EFF968FB41F926" box="[1243,1274,1731,1755]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A901F968FAE4F926" box="[1333,1375,1731,1755]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">8.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76955DB1886D5E90A9AEF968FA09F926" box="[1434,1458,1731,1755]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F886DA168AC45F953FC4FF8F6" blockId="7.[113,1012,1784,1803]" box="[113,1012,1784,1803]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">
|
||
<tableNote id="76923701886DA168AC45F953FC4FF8F6" box="[113,1012,1784,1803]" pageId="7" pageNumber="856" targetBox="[113,1458,1311,1755]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
Abbreviations:CV, coefficient of variation (as a percentage); Mean,arithmetic mean;
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D886DA168AED8F952FD41F8F6" box="[748,762,1785,1803]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="856">N</emphasis>
|
||
, number of specimens examined.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F8862A167ACA8FE86FE4EFDFC" blockId="8.[129,778,144,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">
|
||
Oral ciliature consisting only of a ring of radially arranged circumoral dikinetids, each kinetosome bearing a cilium ~5 μm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167AC8BFEC0FEFDFE7E" box="[191,326,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 5B, D, O</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most somatic cilia ~8–10 μm long; single caudal cilium ~20–30 μm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167ADF9FE20FDA3FE5F" box="[461,536,394,419]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In total, 19–25 longitudinal somatic kineties composed of monokinetids. Kinetids uniformly spaced in anterior half of body, forming seven to nine regular transverse rings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167AD48FE42FE5FFDFD" box="[380,484,488,513]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[115,180,926,950]" captionTargetBox="[120,1458,148,888]" captionTargetId="figure-114@7.[113,1460,144,899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Drawing (A–H) and photomicrographs (I–Q) of Qingdao population of Apsiktrata gracilis from life (A, E, F, H–L, N), after protargol staining (B–D, O–Q) and after silver nitrate staining (G, M). A, lateral view of a typical individual, showing general appearance of the body, circumoral cilia (arrowheads) and caudal cilium (arrow). B, C, side view, showing the somatic kineties and circumoral kinety (arrow). D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK) and the collar on the oral basket (arrow). E, side view of cell, showing the distribution of rod-shaped extrusomes (arrows) in the cortex. F, shape variants. Arrowheads show the contractile vacuole. G, silverline system. H, distribution of extrusomes (arrowhead). I, lateral view of a typical cell, showing the body shape. J, collar on oral basket (arrowhead) and contractile vacuole (arrow). K, the distribution of kinetosomes (arrows) and extrusomes (arrowheads). L, distribution of the extrusomes (arrows). M, the silverline system. N, showing the shape of the oral basket.O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow). P, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). Q, showing the extrusomes (arrowheads). Scale bars: 25 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 5B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F8862A167ACDEFD8BFD1BFDC7" blockId="8.[234,672,544,570]" box="[234,672,544,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167ACDEFD8BFD1BFDC7" bold="true" box="[234,672,544,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Molecular data and phylogenetic analyses</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F8862A167ACB5FDECFDE1FC84" blockId="8.[129,778,583,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The SSU rRNA gene sequences of the three isolates obtained in the present study have been deposited in the GenBank database with the length (in base pairs),GC content and GenBank accession numbers as follows:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AD11FD0EFE0CFD41" authorityName="Jiang & Wang & Liao & Al-Farraj & Warren & Hu" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,439,677,701]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Platina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167AD11FD0EFE0CFD41" box="[293,439,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Platina marina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1616 bp, 42.57%, OQ538389);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ACB5FD6EFED8FD21" authorityName="Jiang & Wang & Liao & Al-Farraj & Warren & Hu" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,355,708,732]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Parametacystis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167ACB5FD6EFED8FD21" box="[129,355,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Parametacystis pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1715 bp, 39.65%, OQ538388); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ACB5FD48FE92FD06" authorityName="Foissner et al." authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Penard" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[129,297,739,763]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Apsiktrata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167ACB5FD48FE92FD06" box="[129,297,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Apsiktrata gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1542 bp, 42.15%, OQ538387). The SSU rRNA gene sequence-based tree was constructed as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167AE84FCA8FCBFFCE6" box="[688,772,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[112,177,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[113,1436,147,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-101@9.[111,1458,144,1652]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences, showing the phylogenetic positions of the three newly sequenced species (bold font). Numbers near the nodes represent the ML bootstrap values and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities, respectively. Fully supported (100/1.00) branches are marked with filled circles.Asterisks (*) indicate disagreements between the ML and BI trees.The scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241037/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
. Given that the topologies of the ML and BI trees were basically concordant, only the ML tree is presented, with support values from both algorithms indicated on the branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F8862A167ACA8FC2BFD23FB6F" blockId="8.[129,778,583,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">
|
||
Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that the class
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AEBBFC2BFCB1FC6A" authorityName="Schewiakoff" authorityYear="1896" box="[655,778,896,919]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="class">Prostomatea</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not monophyletic, owing to the class
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AE72FC34FD0DFC4A" box="[582,694,927,951]" class="Plagiopylea" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" rank="class">Plagiopylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
nesting within it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167ACC4FC15FE97FC2B" box="[240,300,958,982]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[112,177,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[113,1436,147,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-101@9.[111,1458,144,1652]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences, showing the phylogenetic positions of the three newly sequenced species (bold font). Numbers near the nodes represent the ML bootstrap values and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities, respectively. Fully supported (100/1.00) branches are marked with filled circles.Asterisks (*) indicate disagreements between the ML and BI trees.The scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241037/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The orders
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ADF1FC15FDF2FC2B" baseAuthorityName="Shimodaira" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[453,585,958,982]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorodontida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prorodontida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AEB2FC15FCB1FC2B" authorityName="Schewiakoff" authorityYear="1896" box="[646,778,958,982]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prostomatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also non-monophyletic. The order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AE79FC75FD6AFC0B" baseAuthorityName="Shimodaira" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[589,721,990,1014]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorodontida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prorodontida</taxonomicName>
|
||
was divided into four major clades:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AD98FC56FE44FBE8" box="[428,511,1021,1045]" class="Prostomatea" family="Placidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Placidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AE32FC56FDD1FBE8" box="[518,618,1021,1045]" class="Prostomatea" family="Colepidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Colepidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AEB1FC56FCB2FBE8" baseAuthorityName="Shimodaira" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[645,777,1021,1045]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorodontida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prorodontida</taxonomicName>
|
||
e +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AC92FBB7FE16FBC9" authority=", Urotrichida" authorityName="Urotrichida" box="[166,429,1052,1076]" class="Prostomatea" family="Holophryidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Holophryidae, Urotrichida</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ADFCFBB7FDD8FBC9" box="[456,611,1052,1076]" class="Prostomatea" family="Plagiocampidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Plagiocampidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Cryptocaryon idae + LagynusidaeandBalanionidae + Hexasterias.Thepossibility of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ACCEFBF0FEC5FB8E" baseAuthorityName="Shimodaira" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[250,382,1115,1139]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorodontida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prorodontida</taxonomicName>
|
||
being monophyletic was rejected by the AU test (log likelihood: 1.41818184; AU value: 0.015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F8862A167ACA8FB31FE62F91B" blockId="8.[129,778,583,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">
|
||
Even with the newly obtained data from the present study, only five 18S rRNA gene sequences of prostomatids were available,and these were clustered in three distantly separated clades.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AEF7FB73FF73FAF2" authorityName="Jiang & Wang & Liao & Al-Farraj & Warren & Hu" authorityYear="2024" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Platina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167AEF7FB73FF73FAF2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Platina marina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OQ538389) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ADA0FB53FDCEFAED" authorityName="Jiang & Wang & Liao & Al-Farraj & Warren & Hu" authorityYear="2024" box="[404,629,1272,1296]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Parametacystis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167ADA0FB53FDCEFAED" box="[404,629,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Parametacystis pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OQ538388) clustered together with high support (ML 92%, BI 1.00) and then grouped with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AD78FA9DFD83FAB3" box="[332,568,1334,1358]" class="Prostomatea" family="Plagiocampidae" genus="Foissnerophrys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alveolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167AD78FA9DFD83FAB3" box="[332,568,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Foissnerophrys alveolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MW481206) with full support (ML 100%, BI 1.00;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167ADD7FAFDFDA5FA93" box="[483,542,1366,1390]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[112,177,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[113,1436,147,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-101@9.[111,1458,144,1652]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences, showing the phylogenetic positions of the three newly sequenced species (bold font). Numbers near the nodes represent the ML bootstrap values and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities, respectively. Fully supported (100/1.00) branches are marked with filled circles.Asterisks (*) indicate disagreements between the ML and BI trees.The scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241037/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, marked with #). This clade nested deep within the class
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ADEAFADDFDE6FA70" authorityName="Schewiakoff" authorityYear="1896" box="[478,605,1398,1421]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="class">Prostomatea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was sister to the class
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ACEEFA3FFEF4FA51" box="[218,335,1428,1452]" class="Plagiopylea" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" rank="class">Plagiopylea</taxonomicName>
|
||
with maximal support (ML 100%, BI 1.00).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ACB5FA1FFE63FA31" authority="Zhang et al., 2015" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2015" box="[129,472,1460,1484]" class="Prostomatea" family="Metacystidae" genus="Metacystis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167ACB5FA1FFE9FFA31" box="[129,292,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Metacystis similis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7E8862A167AD1CFA1FFE63FA31" author="Zhang X & Ji D & Zhang Q" box="[296,472,1460,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" pagination="584 - 92" refId="ref14128" refString="Zhang X, Ji D, Zhang Q et al. Description and phylogeny of a new prostomatid, Metacystis similis nov. spec. (Protista, Ciliophora) from the East China Sea. Zootaxa 2015; 4033: 584 - 92." type="journal article" year="2015">Zhang et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KT27408), the only available sequence of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AD50FA7FFE73FA16" authorityName="Cohn" authorityYear="1866" box="[356,456,1492,1515]" class="Prostomatea" family="Metacystidae" genus="Metacystis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167AD50FA7FFE73FA16" box="[356,456,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Metacystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, clustered with species assigned to the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AD26FA59FE1AF9F7" box="[274,417,1522,1546]" class="Prostomatea" family="Holophryidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Holophryidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ADFBFA59FDD8F9F7" box="[463,611,1522,1546]" class="Prostomatea" family="Prorodontidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Prorodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167ACB5F9B9FEB1F9D7" baseAuthorityName="Shimodaira" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[129,266,1554,1578]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorodontida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prorodontida</taxonomicName>
|
||
with high support (ML 99%, BI 1.00) and occupied the basal position within this assemblage.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AE6FF99AFCB1F9B4" authorityName="Foissner et al." authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Penard" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[603,778,1585,1609]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Apsiktrata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167AE6FF99AFCB1F9B4" box="[603,778,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Apsiktrata gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OQ538387), the only species of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AE64F9FBFD62F995" box="[592,729,1616,1640]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Apsiktratidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was sister to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AD79F9DBFE18F975" box="[333,419,1648,1672]" class="Prostomatea" family="Placidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Placidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although with no or low support (ML 48%, BI 0.92) The possibility of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AEB5F924FCB2F95A" authorityName="Schewiakoff" authorityYear="1896" box="[641,777,1679,1703]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prostomatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
being monophyletic was rejected by the AU test (log likelihood: 1.41818184, AU value: 4 × 10
|
||
<superScript id="7C019BC78862A167AD84F967FE73F927" attach="none" box="[432,456,1740,1754]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">−16</superScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F8862A167ACA8F946FA2AFEB9" blockId="8.[129,778,583,1985]" lastBlockId="8.[825,1474,144,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The putative secondary structures of the SSU rRNA gene V9 region of 18 species (16 prostomateans and two plagiopyleans) were predicted and compared (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167ADE4F887FDA6F8B9" box="[464,541,1836,1860]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1245,1269]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,149,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-423@10.[128,1475,144,1218]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. A, putative secondary structure of V9 region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of 18 representative species. The major differences are indicated by shading. B, the unique sites of the alignment of SSU rRNA gene sequences for the two groups. Group 1 contains Prostomatida and Trimyemidae; group 2 contains Apsiktratidae and some representative prorodontids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241039/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). These taxa shared a similar secondary structure; the general model is formed by a long helix, with some median loops and a terminal loop. Species of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AD61F821FE65F85F" authorityName="Schewiakoff" authorityYear="1896" box="[341,478,1930,1954]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prostomatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
shared the same structure as plagiopyleans, i.e. at a relatively conserved position near the 3ʹ end, they had a bulge consisting of two nucleotides (G and A) at bases 10 and 11. However, in the same position,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167A91BFF04FA2DFF3A" box="[1327,1430,175,199]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" genus="Apsiktrata" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EA9D8862A167A91BFF04FA2DFF3A" box="[1327,1430,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Apsiktrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other species of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167A809FF64FB7CFF1A" baseAuthorityName="Shimodaira" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1085,1223,207,231]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prorodontida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prorodontida</taxonomicName>
|
||
had a bulge consisting of three nucleotides (G, A and U) at bases 10, 11 and 12, respectively, and in some of these species there was also a bulge with two nucleotides (C and G) at bases 15 and 16, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB368F8862A167AF61FEE7FA10FDFC" blockId="8.[825,1474,144,513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">
|
||
The taxa that were the focus of the present study were divided into two groups, i.e. group 1 and group 2. The species of group 1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AF61FE21FC59FE5F" authorityName="Schewiakoff" authorityYear="1896" box="[853,994,394,418]" class="Prostomatea" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Prostomatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167AFCAFE21FB31FE5F" box="[1022,1162,394,418]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Trimyemidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Trimyemidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) shared unique nucleotides at 31 sites in the SSU rRNA gene sequences (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167A8C5FE01FA83FE3C" box="[1265,1336,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1245,1269]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,149,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-423@10.[128,1475,144,1218]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. A, putative secondary structure of V9 region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of 18 representative species. The major differences are indicated by shading. B, the unique sites of the alignment of SSU rRNA gene sequences for the two groups. Group 1 contains Prostomatida and Trimyemidae; group 2 contains Apsiktratidae and some representative prorodontids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241039/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the species of group 2 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D0C8862A167A872FE62FB68FE1C" box="[1094,1235,457,481]" class="Prostomatea" family="Apsiktratidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Prostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="857" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Apsiktratidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ some representative prorodontids) shared unique nucleotides at 40 sites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A0A8862A167A960FE43FA20FDFD" box="[1364,1435,488,512]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1245,1269]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,149,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-423@10.[128,1475,144,1218]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. A, putative secondary structure of V9 region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of 18 representative species. The major differences are indicated by shading. B, the unique sites of the alignment of SSU rRNA gene sequences for the two groups. Group 1 contains Prostomatida and Trimyemidae; group 2 contains Apsiktratidae and some representative prorodontids." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241039/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="857">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |