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<document id="FB497EA55020A10678FC51FFA41FDD1E" ID-CLB-Dataset="194432" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ae2ed5e5-8a85-42d9-86ef-9e558a02512f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7350036" ID-ZooBank="193AA500-8D45-4E18-BB47-339A916BB11E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669188402342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Horowitz, Jeremy, Opresko, Dennis, Molodtsova, Tina N., Beaman, Robin J., Cowman, Peter F. &amp; Bridge, Tom C. L." docDate="2022" docId="03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5213.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5213 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hexapathes bikofskii Horowitz &amp; Opresko &amp; Molodtsova &amp; Beaman &amp; Cowman &amp; Bridge 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFE4FFEC123FFF99A208260DAF1DFFBB" masterDocTitle="Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1699412019617" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DC3CA55621759C5EF551EC568B73F638">Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A120B78CC6831A416824FDA6237E85A6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="79B5CCAC4EEEFEACDEB5DA0F8D948CDB">
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<mods:namePart id="02FE438B38F666A40E8F9FFBA9CD1A1D">Horowitz, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="622F5CCC04B4FEFCD104D7E93EA70BCC">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. &amp; Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70 - 102 Flinders St, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1EFA543A54A10D7D0DD61D3E9A5470CA">Opresko, Dennis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CCC9FF189EEA6C66B20A172A9DAD2D04">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th St. &amp; Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B00DAAA3591DCBEB553C8B7DC3C409D3">Molodtsova, Tina N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="21D9ED05E584823C7D15E0581E734B2F">P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 36 Nakhimovsky prt, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4FE2DCBB92CEDCB2C4329015B2169E9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C077BC531BA69DC67B91B88E79E5A451">Beaman, Robin J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="489EB2F903599A448A6A1E853AF519E2">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="772DD4F952272A5E248E418ECC06B80B">Cowman, Peter F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="87FB73B7047E4908B3B05402D9F9370C">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. &amp; Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70 - 102 Flinders St, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="71FAB337F64E8316EE7F8E3CCC1A7905">Bridge, Tom C. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="359FB18552D9CCCECF2D841E6387CE91">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. &amp; Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70 - 102 Flinders St, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="126BB609C470F4C1E3B7005B75093784">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E90798A082F2E90EFF0162374D1495BA">
<mods:date id="4AF4919A512163636273E64CFA9F67E1">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5B6AA6ED508F25BF350611400DB7E9EE">5213</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4908B536E00158B801B8D85865D2B65A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7360670" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205135215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7360670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="C36E65091231FF97A29F2006AD6AF99D" box="[151,631,1547,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB36821231FF97A29F2006AD6AF99D" blockId="14.[151,753,1547,1611]" box="[151,631,1547,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D08381EE1231FF97A29F2006AD6AF99D" bold="true" box="[151,631,1547,1574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B900EA901231FF97A29F2006AD6AF99D" bold="true" box="[151,631,1547,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011231FF97A29F2006AD0EF99D" ID-CoL="3da09e6f-6354-4e08-9b9c-d89cf7c8748d" authority="Horowitz" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Opresko &amp; Molodtsova &amp; Beaman &amp; Cowman &amp; Bridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,531,1547,1574]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bikofskii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EA901231FF97A29F2006AE8BF99D" bold="true" box="[151,406,1547,1574]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hexapathes bikofskii</emphasis>
Horowitz
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357EB1231FF97A0122001AD6AF99D" box="[538,631,1548,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36E65091231FF97A29F203DADECF9F1" box="[151,753,1584,1611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36821231FF97A29F203DADECF9F1" blockId="14.[151,753,1547,1611]" box="[151,753,1584,1611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
(
<figureCitation id="134F2A071231FF97A297203DAE14F9F1" box="[159,265,1584,1610]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1401,380,1519]" captionTargetBox-1="[213,1408,237,1893]" captionTargetId-0="figure-119@2.[185,1402,378,1520]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@5.[151,1435,179,1942]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Locations where specimens were collected shown on a bathymetric surface map of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Blue boxes represent specimens hand collected while on SCUBA, and red circles represent specimens collected via a remotely operated vehicle." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Antipatharia based on a 50% complete matrix containing 1,047 loci. Taxa in blue and imaged represent species described in this study." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350038" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350040" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7350038/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7350040/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134F2A071231FF97A337203CAE52F9F0" box="[319,335,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</figureCitation>
; Supplementary
<tableCitation id="C6F603391231FF97A004203DAD42F9F1" box="[524,607,1584,1610]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Rhipidipathes species" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="DF0B660A1234FF92A290269AADBEFF14">Table 1</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="C6F603391231FF97A09D203DADF5F9F1" box="[661,744,1584,1610]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Hexapathes species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0B660A122EFF88A290269AAD88FF14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="DF0B660A122EFF88A290269AAD88FF14">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B900EA901231FF97A29F2075AE9AF929" bold="true" box="[151,391,1656,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CF88201231FF97A3992075AEE0F929" box="[401,509,1656,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
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G80122,
<collectingCountry id="F36376121231FF97A0B72075AC34F929" box="[703,809,1656,1682]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A13F2075AB0FF929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A13F2075AB0FF929" box="[823,1042,1656,1682]" country="Australia" county="Subastian" latitude="-13.5174" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="144.1012" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Great Barrier Reef" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Great Barrier Reef</location>
,
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A6282075ABB2F929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A6282075ABB2F929" box="[1056,1199,1656,1682]" country="Australia" county="Subastian" latitude="-13.5174" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="144.1012" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Noddy Reef" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Noddy Reef</location>
, expedition
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A7372075AE5DF90D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A7372075AE5DF90D" country="Australia" county="Subastian" latitude="-13.5174" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="144.1012" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Schmidt Ocean Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Schmidt Ocean Institute</location>
<collectionCode id="ED65AE471231FF97A34C2091AE4AF90D" box="[324,343,1692,1718]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R</collectionCode>
/
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<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A3702091AD5AF90D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A3702091AD5AF90D" box="[376,583,1692,1718]" country="Australia" county="Subastian" latitude="-13.5174" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="144.1012" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Falkor Seamounts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B900EA901231FF97A3702091AED9F90D" box="[376,452,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Falkor</emphasis>
Seamounts
</location>
,
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A0582091ADA8F90D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A0582091ADA8F90D" box="[592,693,1692,1718]" country="Australia" county="Subastian" latitude="-13.5174" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="144.1012" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Canyons" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canyons</location>
, and
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A0E32091AC36F90D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A0E32091AC36F90D" box="[747,811,1692,1718]" country="Australia" county="Subastian" latitude="-13.5174" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="144.1012" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Reefs" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Reefs</location>
of the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACF81231FF97A17B2091ACC3F90D" box="[883,990,1692,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coral Sea</collectingMunicipality>
expedition 200802,
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ROV
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</emphasis>
dive S0398, collected on
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<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AA1231FF97A37120CDAD20F961" box="[377,573,1728,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2020-10-15">October 15, 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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,
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,
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depth
</elevation>
, collector
<collectorName id="268153541231FF97A66E20CCAA33F961" box="[1126,1326,1728,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Jeremy Horowitz.</collectorName>
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<typeStatus id="54CF88201231FF97A73B20CCAA84F960" box="[1331,1433,1729,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
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G80024,
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,
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,
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, expedition
<collectingCounty id="62AA4E0E1231FF97A16120E9AB62F945" box="[873,1151,1764,1790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Schmidt Ocean Institute</collectingCounty>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CDF1231FF97A68220E9AC8FF8FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3970442308" collectingDate="2020-08-08" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="Jeremy Horowitz." country="Australia" county="SuBastian" elevation="638" latitude="-16.9095" location="Falkor Seamounts" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1601" municipality="Coral Sea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE471231FF97A68220E9AB80F945" box="[1162,1181,1764,1790]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED65AE471231FF97A6AD20E9ABA4F945" box="[1189,1209,1764,1790]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A6CB20E9AA85F945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A6CB20E9AA85F945" box="[1219,1432,1764,1790]" country="Australia" county="SuBastian" latitude="-16.9095" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1601" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Falkor Seamounts" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B900EA901231FF97A6CB20E9AA12F945" box="[1219,1295,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Falkor</emphasis>
Seamounts
</location>
,
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A29F2105AFE1F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A29F2105AFE1F899" box="[151,252,1800,1826]" country="Australia" county="SuBastian" latitude="-16.9095" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1601" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Canyons" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canyons</location>
, and
<location id="8EAB60591231FF97A33D2105AE68F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87941231FF89A29F2006ABE6FDDA:8EAB60591231FF97A33D2105AE68F899" box="[309,373,1800,1826]" country="Australia" county="SuBastian" latitude="-16.9095" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="149.1601" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Reefs" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Reefs</location>
of the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACF81231FF97A3C92105AD30F899" box="[449,557,1800,1826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coral Sea</collectingMunicipality>
expedition 200802,
<emphasis id="B900EA901231FF97A11A2105ACDDF899" box="[786,960,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
ROV
<collectingCounty id="62AA4E0E1231FF97A1462105ACDDF899" box="[846,960,1800,1826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SuBastian</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
dive S0376, collected on
<date id="FFCA10421231FF97A6D52105AA85F899" box="[1245,1432,1800,1826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2020-08-08">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AA1231FF97A6D52105AA85F899" box="[1245,1432,1800,1826]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2020-08-08">August 08, 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="EE4050451231FF97A2972121AE02F8FD" box="[159,287,1836,1863]" degrees="16.9095" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="5" value="-16.9095">16.9095° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4050451231FF97A3232121AEA4F8FC" box="[299,441,1836,1863]" degrees="149.1601" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="5" value="149.1601">149.1601° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0059D1B11231FF97A3CE2121AD49F8FD" box="[454,596,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.38" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="638.0">
<quantity id="4C8C9B671231FF97A3CE2121AD10F8FC" box="[454,525,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.38" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="638.0">638 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collector
<collectorName id="268153541231FF97A0C12120AC8FF8FD" box="[713,914,1836,1863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Jeremy Horowitz.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E65091231FF97A2CF215DAD7CF841" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCB36821231FF97A2CF215DAD7CF841" blockId="14.[151,1437,1656,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B900EA901231FF97A2CF215DAE27F8D1" bold="true" box="[199,314,1872,1898]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Colony monopodial, unbranched, and pinnulate. Pinnules arranged in two lateral rows and one anterior row. Basal-most pair of lateral pinnules subopposite, other lateral pinnules alternating. Striatum present from
<quantity id="4C8C9B671231FF97A2DD2195AE11F808" box="[213,268,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
above basal plate to first anterior pinnules. Lateral pinnules simple, up to
<quantity id="4C8C9B671231FF97A6432195AB8DF808" box="[1099,1168,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
long, densities of six to 10 per
<quantity id="4C8C9B671231FF97A2EF21B1AE03F86C" box="[231,286,1980,2007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
counting both rows. Anterior pinnules simple, 0.8 to
<quantity id="4C8C9B671231FF97A17521B1ACD7F86C" box="[893,970,1980,2007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
in length, densities of 11 to 15 per
<quantity id="4C8C9B671231FF97A75521B1AA84F86C" box="[1373,1433,1980,2007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
. Polyps
<quantity id="4C8C9B671231FF97A2E221EDAE40F840" box="[234,349,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 6 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E65091230FF89A2CF269BACF1FE4E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36821230FF96A2CF269BAA2AFD12" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A2CF269BAD4CFF0B" bold="true" box="[199,593,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54CF88201230FF96A37D269BAEC1FF0B" box="[373,476,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(G80122)
</emphasis>
: Colony is monopodial and pinnulate with a slight sickle shape curvature of the stem (
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A30E26B7AE7DFF6F" box="[262,352,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Grooves and ridges on the stem are present from
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A1AA26B7ACC7FF6E" box="[930,986,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
from the basal plate to the first anterior pinnule. Colony is
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A36526D3AEAFFF42" box="[365,434,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
tall and
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A01C26D3AD44FF42" box="[532,601,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
wide. Unpinnulated section of the stem is
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A63026D3AB72FF42" box="[1080,1135,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
and the pinnulated section of the stem is
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A332270FAE9DFEA6" box="[314,384,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="19.0">19 cm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A399270FAEF1FEA7" box="[401,492,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). The specimen has two rows of lateral pinnules where the bottom pair of pinnules are subopposite and positioned perpendicular to the stem. Above the bottom pair of pinnules, pinnules are arranged alternately with distal angles ranging from ~80° at the bottom of the pinnulated section to ~20° at the top; with most pinnules having 45° distal angles. Lateral pinnules are curved forward and then backward so that the pinnule tips face in the opposite direction from the anterior pinnules. Lateral pinnules increase in length from the lowest pair of pinnules, which are ~
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A38127BBAEC7FE6A" box="[393,474,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
, to midway up the pinnulated section where the longest pinnules are
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A6EF27BBAA2DFE6A" box="[1255,1328,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
, and then decrease towards the apex where the most distal pinnules are ~
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A15C27D7AC93FE4E" box="[852,910,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
. Lateral pinnules are ~
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A68227D7ABFCFE4E" box="[1162,1249,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter near the attachment point, and distances between pinnules in each row range from
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A61827F3AB88FDA2" box="[1040,1173,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 10 mm</quantity>
(increasing in distance distally), resulting in 10 lateral pinnules counted near the bottom of the pinnulated section of the stem and six pinnules counted near the top of the pinnulated section, per
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A149244BAC64FDDA" box="[833,889,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
counting lateral pinnules in both rows. Anterior pinnules are simple, in one row and range from 0.8 to
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A10B2467AC4DFD3E" box="[771,848,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
in height, with most up to
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A68F2467ABA2FD3E" box="[1159,1215,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in height. Distance between anterior pinnules range from
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A04A2483ADAAFD12" box="[578,695,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 3 mm</quantity>
, resulting in 11 to 13 anterior pinnules counted per
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A6F02483AA2EFD12" box="[1272,1331,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36821230FF96A2CF24BFAA75FC3A" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Spines on lateral pinnules are 0.025 to
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A08124BFADFCFD76" box="[649,737,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
in height, smooth, triangular, and distally directed (
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A73D24BFAA8DFD77" box="[1333,1424,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Lateral pinnule spines are spaced 0.45 to
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A06324DBADDCFD4A" box="[619,705,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
apart in each row, and two spines can be counted per mm in one row. Four axial rows of spines can be counted in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A16F24F7ACDFFCAF" box="[871,962,762,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Spines on anterior pinnules are smooth, triangular to conical, and distally directed. Spine heights are variable, ranging from 0.04 to
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A6C52513AA2AFC82" box="[1229,1335,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
, and the distance between spines in one row is about
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A08B254FADF4FCE6" box="[643,745,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
. Three to four axial rows of spines can be counted in one view of anterior pinnules. Polyps are ~
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A004256BAD62FC3A" box="[524,639,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 6 mm</quantity>
in the transverse diameter and 6 to 8 polyps counted per three cm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36821230FF96A2CF2587AEA0F997" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A2CF2587AD4FFC1F" bold="true" box="[199,594,906,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54CF88201230FF96A37B2587AEC3FC1F" box="[371,478,906,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(G80024)
</emphasis>
: The colony is monopodial and pinnulate with a slight sickle shape curvature of the stem (
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A32F25A3AE63FC73" box="[295,382,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) and has two rows of distally directed lateral pinnules. Grooves and ridges are present along the stem from
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A34C25DFAE62FC56" box="[324,383,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
above basal plate to the first anterior pinnule. Colony is
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A62A25DFAB77FC56" box="[1058,1130,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
tall and
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A6DE25DFAA02FC56" box="[1238,1311,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
wide. The unpinnulated section of the stem is
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A01625FBAD49FBAA" box="[542,596,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
and the pinnulated section is
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A19325FBACCCFBAA" box="[923,977,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
in height. The lowest pair of pinnules are suboppositely arranged and are positioned almost perpendicular to the axis. All other pinnules are alternating and have distal angles ranging from ~20 degrees proximally to ~80 degrees distally. Lateral pinnules increase in length from the lowest pair of pinnules, which are
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A08E226FADDCFBC6" box="[646,705,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
, to midway up the pinnulated section where the longest pinnules range from 6.
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A339228BAEBCFB1A" box="[305,417,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 8 cm</quantity>
, and then decreasing towards the apex where the highest pair of pinnules are ~
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A72E228BAA43FB1A" box="[1318,1374,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A767228BAFA6FB7F" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Distances between pinnules range from
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A09922A7AC19FB7E" box="[657,772,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 9 mm</quantity>
(increasing in distance distally), resulting in eight pinnules (near the top of the pinnulated section of stem) to 10 pinnules (near the bottom of the pinnulated section of stem) per
<quantity id="4C8C9B671230FF96A2C922FFAFE6FAB6" box="[193,251,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
, counting lateral pinnules in both rows. Lateral pinnules are
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in diameter near the attachment point. Anterior pinnules are simple, in one row with lengths ranging from 0.5 to
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, with most pinnules being close to
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(
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A2D52337AE29FAEF" box="[221,308,1338,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Anterior pinnules begin from the same height on the stem as the second lowest lateral pinnules, and extend to
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above the most distal lateral pinnule. Anterior pinnules are
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in diameter near the attachment point, and distances between pinnules range from
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, resulting in 13 to 15 pinnules per
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. Spines on lateral pinnules
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in height and are smooth and triangular (
<figureCitation id="134F2A071230FF96A18123ABACFFFA7B" box="[905,994,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-237@16.[151,1435,630,1903]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Hexapathes bikofskii sp. nov.:A, holotype, G80122, image of colony; B, holotype, G80122, section of lateral pinnule; C, paratype, G80024, in-situ image of colony; D, paratype, G80024, section of colony showing anterior pinnule characteristics; E, paratype, G80024, spines on section of lateral pinnule; F, paratype, G80024, spines on section of anterior pinnule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7350052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7350052/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Lateral pinnule spines have distances between spines in one row from 0.48 to
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and two to three spines can be counted in one mm in one row. Five axial rows of spines can be counted in one view. Spines on anterior pinnules are smooth, triangular to conical, and distally directed (
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36821230FF96A2CF203BABE4F9CF" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Spine heights are variable, and range from 0.02 to
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and distances between spines in one row range from 0.32 to
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. Three to four axial rows of spines can be counted in one view of anterior pinnules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36821230FF96A2CF2073AEA3F907" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Polyps are in a poor state of preservation and estimated based on
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A1922072ACFFF923" box="[922,994,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">in-situ</emphasis>
images to be reddish in color and
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in the transverse diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36821230FF96A2CF20CBAFFCF8F6" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A2CF20CBAEFBF95B" bold="true" box="[199,486,1734,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comparative diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011230FF96A3E720CAAD6EF95B" authority="Horowitz &amp; Opresko &amp; Molodtsova &amp; Beaman &amp; Cowman &amp; Bridge, 2022" authorityName="Horowitz &amp; Opresko &amp; Molodtsova &amp; Beaman &amp; Cowman &amp; Bridge" authorityYear="2022" box="[495,627,1734,1760]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bikofskii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A3E720CAAD6EF95B" box="[495,627,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. bikofskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A07520CBADC4F95B" bold="true" box="[637,729,1734,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357EB1230FF96A07520CBADC4F95B" box="[637,729,1734,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is different than other species in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011230FF96A66820CBABFBF95B" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1910" box="[1120,1254,1734,1760]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A66820CBABFBF95B" box="[1120,1254,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hexapathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having only one row of simple (unpinnulated) and short (maximum of
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in the new species vs maximum of
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in currently described
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011230FF96A3712103AD2BF893" box="[377,566,1806,1832]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A3712103AEE3F893" box="[377,510,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hexapathes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
) and straight anterior pinnules. See
<tableCitation id="C6F603391230FF96A1DB2103AB3AF893" box="[979,1063,1806,1832]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Hexapathes species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0B660A122EFF88A290269AAD88FF14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="DF0B660A122EFF88A290269AAD88FF14">Table 2</tableCitation>
for comparison of species in the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36821230FF89A2CF215BAD36FF42" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The new species is like
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011230FF96A3C7215AAC37F8CB" authority="Opresko, 2003" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2003" box="[463,810,1878,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A3C7215AAD62F8CB" box="[463,639,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. australiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731230FF96A08E215BAC37F8CB" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[646,810,1878,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref13968" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011230FF96A157215AAB67F8CB" authority="Molodtsova, 2006" authorityName="Molodtsova" authorityYear="2006" box="[863,1146,1878,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alis">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A157215AACB5F8CB" box="[863,936,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. alis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731230FF96A1A7215BAB67F8CB" author="Molodtsova, T. N." box="[943,1146,1878,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="597 - 606" refId="ref13798" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) New species of Hexapathes Kinoshita, 1910 (Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Cladopathidae) from the South- West Pacific. Zoosystema, Paris, 28, 597 - 606." type="journal article" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having just one row of anterior pinnules; however, the anterior pinnules of both species are subpinnulated while the new species has simple anterior pinnules. The new species is like
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011230FF96A07D2192ACCBF803" authority="Molodtsova, 2006" authorityName="Molodtsova" authorityYear="2006" box="[629,982,1950,1976]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hivaensis">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A07D2192AC1DF803" box="[629,768,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. hivaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731230FF96A1012193ACCBF803" author="Molodtsova, T. N." box="[777,982,1950,1976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="597 - 606" refId="ref13798" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) New species of Hexapathes Kinoshita, 1910 (Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Cladopathidae) from the South- West Pacific. Zoosystema, Paris, 28, 597 - 606." type="journal article" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D011230FF96A6072192AA65F803" authority="Kinoshita, 1910" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1910" box="[1039,1400,1950,1976]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heterosticha">
<emphasis id="B900EA901230FF96A6072192ABA6F803" box="[1039,1211,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. heterosticha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B731230FF96A6CC2193AA65F803" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[1220,1400,1950,1976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="231 - 234" refId="ref13232" refString="Kinoshita, K. (1910) On a New Antipatharian Hexapathes heterosticha, n. gen. and n. sp. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 7, 231 - 234." type="journal article" year="1910">Kinoshita, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking anterior subpinnules; however, both species have two or more rows of anterior pinnules while the new species only has one row of anterior pinnules. Another difference between the new species and currently described species in the genus is the length of the unpinnulated section of the stem (ranging from 2 to
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in described species vs
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in the new species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3682122FFF89A2CF270EACF1FE4E" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The new species shares other features with
<taxonomicName id="4C744D01122FFF89A0C5270EAC9EFEA6" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2003" box="[717,899,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="B900EA90122FFF89A0C5270EAC9EFEA6" box="[717,899,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. australiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the following morphometrics: 1) distance between lateral pinnules on one side of the stem (
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vs 0.4 to
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in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D01122FFF89A63B272AABFBFEFA" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2003" box="[1075,1254,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="B900EA90122FFF89A63B272AABFBFEFA" box="[1075,1254,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. australiensis</emphasis>
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), both of which have spaces greater than the other three described species, and 2) the basal diameter of lateral pinnules is 0.3 to
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in the new species and
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in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D01122FFF89A05B2762AC1BFE32" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2003" box="[595,774,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="B900EA90122FFF89A05B2762AC1BFE32" box="[595,774,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. australiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), both of which are smaller than the other three described species. The
<specimenCount id="9D72FD0B122FFF89A320279EAED2FE16" box="[296,463,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
representing the new species form a clade sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C744D01122FFF89A619279EABA1FE16" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1910" box="[1041,1212,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heterosticha">
<emphasis id="B900EA90122FFF89A619279EABA1FE16" box="[1041,1212,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. heterosticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, the other species in the genus have yet to be sequenced. Specimens representing species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C744D01122FFF89A6AC27BAAA35FE6A" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1910" box="[1188,1320,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Hexapathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA90122FFF89A6AC27BAAA35FE6A" box="[1188,1320,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hexapathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be sequenced to further investigate morphological boundaries between species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6509122FFF89A2CF27F2ADC1FD86" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCB3682122FFF89A2CF27F2ADC1FD86" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B900EA90122FFF89A2CF27F2AE4FFDA2" bold="true" box="[199,338,511,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology:</emphasis>
In recognition of lead authors grandfather, Morton Isaiah Bikofsky, a high school teacher whose passion for science fuelled JHs interest in research.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6509122FFF89A2CF244BABE6FDDA" box="[199,1275,582,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCB3682122FFF89A2CF244BABE6FDDA" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,609]" box="[199,1275,582,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B900EA90122FFF89A2CF244BAE44FDDB" bold="true" box="[199,345,582,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea from
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depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>