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<document id="8D12FBD2E0450AD8E236E9DB0DC24C36" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.231.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631445" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725311138557" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Henriette, Elvina, Larridon, Isabel, Morel, Charles, Goetghebeur, Paul &amp; Senterre, Bruno" docDate="2015" docId="03DD8791FFC5FFF1BFB7FD10FD18FBFE" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.231.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 231 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.231.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Costularia xipholepis Henriette &amp; Senterre 2015, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFE4FFE9FFC6FFF7BF3FFFA3FFE6FFF6" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Costularia (Cyperaceae: Schoeneae) for the flora of the Seychelles, including the rediscovery and resurrection of a rare endemic species" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1725311613056" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8DD96FD57AD7136F584D6CC1999665AA">Revision of the genus Costularia (Cyperaceae: Schoeneae) for the flora of the Seychelles, including the rediscovery and resurrection of a rare endemic species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BAB3148BF55F0F02E1AEE3FA4038061">Henriette, Elvina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F84686B7B5C34B4F53D92B7A40DA6EE3">Larridon, Isabel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1660826C67AC611BFF5DC4100B0FD086">Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research Group Spermatophytes, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, BE- 9000 Gent, Belgium. &amp; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D302492B750F864210B7DD28CB95CE59">Morel, Charles</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="01304ABD6655DFCE8FA601371F0E8655">National Herbarium, Natural History Museum, P. O. Box 720, Victoria, Mahé Seychelles.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFAB8FA4B32341AC4DC7856E184D972E">Goetghebeur, Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="881C781BDBBFDA763D1E490A9C65F6BE">Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research Group Spermatophytes, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, BE- 9000 Gent, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3B540622EC06D9B7232D62AC0936537B">Senterre, Bruno</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A5239D94240EAD1939B7F6E4C796EE94">National Herbarium, Natural History Museum, P. O. Box 720, Victoria, Mahé Seychelles.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8A41F778801B3767256F7750BAA1FDC0">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3E77BD2973C3293777B1A62D8C521283">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8F908ADE26E4BE6B698AB3DAD13F193">231</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="37C468FB0C11B9DDDA5EE6AC6D64ED5E" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C36E650CFFC5FFF4BFB7FD10FC47FD38" box="[136,929,691,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D08381EBFFC5FFF4BFB7FD10FC47FD38" box="[136,929,691,718]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC5FFF4BFB7FD10FD28FD38" ID-CoL="YWQ4" authority="(Baker) Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[136,718,691,718]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BFB7FD10FE98FD38" bold="true" box="[136,382,691,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
(Baker
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BEEDFD16FE3DFD38" bold="true" box="[466,475,693,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">)</emphasis>
Henriette &amp; Senterre
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357EEFFC5FFF4BDE6FD16FCB4FD38" box="[729,850,693,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="134F2A02FFC5FFF4BC60FD16FC47FD38" box="[863,929,693,718]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1842,1863]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,190,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[183,1404,190,1817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Costularia xipholepis (all photos by B. Senterre, mostly on the living population at Copolia:B. Senterre &amp; E. Henriette 7101). A. Part of a clump showing many stems branching from one original plant; B. Closer view showing stem branching and distichous basal leaves; C. Basal leaf-sheath; D. Cauline leaf-sheath; E. Dissected stem (after removing the basal dead leaves) showing the insertion of the inflorescence below the green basal leaves; F. Developing nutlet; G. Fully ripe nutlet (seen only in B. Senterre &amp; E. Henriette 7117) showing basal stipe and hairy beak; H. Mature stamens in flowering spikelets (seen only in B. Senterre 6589); I. Maturing spikelets showing persistent rachilla and deciduous glumes; J. Dissected spikelet showing the male flower below the terminal hermaphrodite flower still partly in its glume." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC5FFF4BFB7FD5AFC08FCF8" blockId="3.[136,1090,761,818]" box="[136,1006,761,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6411A9FFC5FFF4BFB7FD5AFC08FCF8" box="[136,1006,761,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51096FFC5FFF4BFB7FD5AFE1AFCF8" author="Baker, J. G." box="[136,508,761,782]" page=")" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" year="1877">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC5FFF4BFB7FD5AFE1AFCF8" ID-CoL="VNL8" authority="Baker (1877: 424)" authorityName="Baker" authorityPageNumber="424" authorityYear="1877" box="[136,508,761,782]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cladium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BFB7FD5AFEA2FCF8" box="[136,324,761,782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Cladium xipholepis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC5FFF4BE76FD5AFE1AFCF8" author="Baker, J. G." box="[329,508,761,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" refId="ref6393" refString="Baker, J. G. (1877) Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles - A description of the flowering plants and ferns of those islands. Reeve &amp; Co., London, 557 pp. Available from: http: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 98113 c (accessed 7 October 2015)" type="book" year="1877">Baker (1877: 424)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC5FFF4BD6CFD5AFD0BFCF8" box="[595,749,761,782]" name="Seychelles" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">SEYCHELLES</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BDC9FD5AFCB9FCF8" box="[758,863,761,782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Wright s.n.</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54CF8825FFC5FFF4BC54FD5AFC27FCF8" box="[875,961,761,782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
K!).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC5FFF4BFB7FCBEFBA4FCC4" blockId="3.[136,1090,761,818]" box="[136,1090,797,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6411A9FFC5FFF4BFB7FCBEFBA4FCC4" box="[136,1090,797,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD51096FFC5FFF4BFB7FCBEFD44FCC4" author="Summerhayes, V. S." box="[136,674,797,818]" page=")" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" year="1928">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC5FFF4BFB7FCBEFD44FCC4" ID-CoL="4VFDX" authority="(Baker) Summerhayes (1928: 394)" authorityName="Summerhayes" authorityPageNumber="394" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[136,674,797,818]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BFB7FCBEFEAAFCC4" box="[136,332,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Schoenus xipholepis</emphasis>
(Baker)
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC5FFF4BE9EFCBEFD44FCC4" author="Summerhayes, V. S." box="[417,674,797,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" refId="ref8839" refString="Summerhayes, V. S. (1928) New plants from the Seychelles. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) 1928 (10):" type="journal volume" year="1928">Summerhayes (1928: 394)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. p.p. quoad
<typeStatus id="54CF8825FFC5FFF4BC29FCBEFC93FCC4" box="[790,885,797,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotypus</typeStatus>
sed excl.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BCEAFCBEFBDAFCC4" box="[981,1084,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Horne 626</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC5FFF4BFB7FCF8FE79F8A3" blockId="3.[136,1452,859,2091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BFB7FCF8FEA4FC82" bold="true" box="[136,322,859,884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Perennial herbs</emphasis>
, ca.
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BE4DFCF8FE53FC82" box="[370,437,859,884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="65.0">65 cm</quantity>
high, caespitose, forming dense clumps. Stems
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BC81FCF8FBE7FC82" box="[958,1025,859,884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BB7CFCF8FB64FC82" box="[1091,1154,859,884]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
diam., upright, cylindrical, robust, woody and persistent, not stoloniferous, with one orthotropic branching along the stem, about midway from base to apex. Lateral roots along the stem, up to
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BD57FC01FD4EFC4D" box="[616,680,930,955]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
below the uppermost internodes, growing through the dense cover of dead leaves.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BE28FC65FE41FC29" bold="true" box="[279,423,966,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Basal leaves</emphasis>
distichously arranged, densely set, numerous; dead leaves 8–28 on each side, persistent, the older ones abscising above the leaf sheath; green leaves 7–12 on each side, arcuate; leaf-sheath
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BB96FC4AFAC7FBF4" box="[1193,1313,1001,1026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BA59FC4AFF52FBD0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="29.0">29–40 mm</quantity>
wide (measured at base when flattened), semi-cylindrical, thick, yellowish, margins dark red, ciliate distally; leaf-blade
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BFF4FB93FEA0FBBF" box="[203,326,1072,1097]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" metricValueMax="12.3" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="99.0" valueMax="123.0" valueMin="75.0">75–123 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BEB4FB93FE13FBBF" box="[395,501,1072,1097]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
wide, not pseudopetiolate, linear, gradually tapering towards apex, upwardly concave in section, coriaceous, glabrous, smooth, mid-green, margin entire, with tiny ascendant prickles, apex acute, slightly rounded, not apiculate, midrib not distinct, longitudinally striate.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BC5EFBD4FBEBFB66" bold="true" box="[865,1037,1143,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Cauline leaves</emphasis>
present; leaf-sheath
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BBCBFBD4FA8AFB66" box="[1268,1388,1143,1168]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="45.0">45–52 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BFB7FB39FEE5FB45" box="[136,259,1178,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 mm</quantity>
wide (when flattened), cylindrical, notched up to
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BC01FB39FC68FB45" box="[830,910,1178,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long (in the basal node), thin, dark red at base, yellowish distally; leaf-blade shorter than in basal leaves, decreasing in length towards apex of inflorescence,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BA5AFB1DFF4CFB0C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="57.0" valueMax="74.0" valueMin="40.0">40–74 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BFCFFB42FEBDFB0C" box="[240,347,1249,1274]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
wide.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BE99FB42FDA2FB0C" bold="true" box="[422,580,1249,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Inflorescence</emphasis>
a floriferous leafy shoot,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BC5CFB42FC08FB0C" box="[867,1006,1249,1274]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="200.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="150.0">150–250 cm</quantity>
long, narrow (
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BBACFB42FB12FB0C" box="[1171,1268,1249,1274]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 cm</quantity>
wide), with 4–5 orders of branching. Main axis axillary, inserted below the green basal leaves, cylindrical, smooth, nodes glabrous, 3–5 sterile (at base),
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BE4BFA8BFE05FAB7" box="[372,483,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="18.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="15.0">15–21 cm</quantity>
apart, fertile nodes 9–14. Secondary rachises
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BCD5FA8BFB94FAB7" box="[1002,1138,1320,1345]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="187.5" valueMax="360.0" valueMin="15.0">15–360 mm</quantity>
long (longer in basal fertile nodes), 1–7 per node, erect (held close to the main axis), compressed, slender, smooth, subtended by leafy bracts up to
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BFB7FACCFF11FA7E" box="[136,247,1391,1416]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="22.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="17.0">17–27 cm</quantity>
long at basal nodes, 2.5–3.0 cm long at distal nodes.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BC73FACCFC51FA7E" bold="true" box="[844,951,1391,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Spikelets</emphasis>
bisexual, 2-flowered, densely clustered, 3–4 per fascicle,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BE25FA30FE9EFA5A" box="[282,376,1427,1452]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
long, 1.0–
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BECBFA30FDACFA5A" box="[500,586,1427,1452]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
wide, lanceolate, reddish-brown; pedicels 7.5–8.0 mm long, straight; bracts of ultimate order ca.
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BEBFFA15FE3FFA39" box="[384,473,1462,1487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
long. Rachilla sympodial, persistent, straight, internodes not elongated above fertile flower,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BFDEFA79FE60FA05" box="[225,390,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3999999999999995" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.33999999999999997" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.60 mm</quantity>
long, slightly decreasing towards the apex. Glumes 7–9 per spikelet, distichous, completely enclosing the rachilla at base, deciduous, lanceolate, smooth, reddish-brown on the sides and towards apex, margins glabrous, apices with a straight awn (longer in basal glume), midrib distinct. Basal glumes 5–7, empty, the lowest glume
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BFE8F9E7FE86F9AB" box="[215,352,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.7 mm</quantity>
long x 1.0–
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BED2F9E7FDA5F9AB" box="[493,579,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
wide, subsequent glumes
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BC4EF9E7FC1CF9AB" box="[881,1018,1604,1629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="5.05" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="3.3">3.3–6.8 mm</quantity>
long x 1.4–2.0 mm wide. First fertile glume male only, 6.0–
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BEBDF9C4FE31F976" box="[386,471,1639,1664]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
long, slightly shorter than the last empty glume. Second fertile glume bisexual,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BA68F9C4FF52F952" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="6.3" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="6.1">6.1–6.5 mm</quantity>
long, enclosed in the previous glume. Hypogynous bristles 6 per flower, well developed,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BB8EF928FADFF952" box="[1201,1337,1675,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="6.4" valueMax="7.3" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7.3 mm</quantity>
long, 2–3 times longer than achene (beak included), sparsely plumose. Stamens 3 per flower, 5.0–
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BB54F90DFB27F931" box="[1131,1217,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
long, not protruding or slightly protruding; anthers oblong,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BD06F971FD26F91D" box="[569,704,1746,1771]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7–4.2 mm</quantity>
long, yellow (in fresh specimen). Style protruding, trifid,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BA76F971FF52F8F8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="8.9" valueMax="10.3" valueMin="7.5">7.5–10.3 mm</quantity>
long (including stigmas).
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BEE1F956FDCFF8F8" bold="true" box="[478,553,1781,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Nutlet</emphasis>
stalked at maturity, trigonous, wingless, obovoid,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BB5BF956FB40F8F8" box="[1124,1190,1781,1806]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long (excluding beak),
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BFB7F8BAFEE8F8C4" box="[136,270,1817,1842]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 mm</quantity>
diam., golden brown, beak with a constriction at the junction with the nutlet,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BB54F8BAFB26F8C4" box="[1131,1216,1817,1842]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, long-acute,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BAB6F8BAFF52F8A3" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide at base, ciliate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E650CFFC5FFF4BF82F8C3FCC0F7DD" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC5FFF4BF82F8C3FCC0F7DD" blockId="3.[136,1452,859,2091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BF82F8C3FD92F88F" bold="true" box="[189,628,1888,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Representative specimens examined:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CDAFFC5FFF4BDAEF8C3FEFEF836" collectingDate="2006-08-25" collectingDateMax="2014-07-17" collectingDateMin="2006-08-25" collectionCode="B, E, GENT, P, SEY, M, ML, UPOS" country="Seychelles" elevation="500" latitude="-4.64916" location="Mahe" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="55.45778" municipality="Copolia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC5FFF4BDAEF8C3FCA5F88F" box="[657,835,1888,1913]" name="Seychelles" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">SEYCHELLES</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EAB605CFFC5FFF4BC72F8C3FC77F88F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD8791FFC5FFF1BFB7FD10FD18FBFE:8EAB605CFFC5FFF4BC72F8C3FC77F88F" box="[845,913,1888,1913]" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.64916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="55.45778" municipality="Copolia" name="Mahe" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Mahé</location>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACFDFFC5FFF4BCA3F8C3FC1EF88F" box="[924,1016,1888,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Copolia</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BB3DF8C3FBAFF88F" box="[1026,1097,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="0059D1B4FFC5FFF4BB3DF8C3FBAFF88F" box="[1026,1097,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., -
<geoCoordinate id="EE405040FFC5FFF4BBA5F8C3FAF2F88F" box="[1178,1300,1888,1913]" degrees="4.64916" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="-4.64916">4.64916°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405040FFC5FFF4BA20F8C3FA4EF88F" box="[1311,1448,1888,1913]" degrees="55.45778" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="55.45778">55.45778°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BFB7F820FEC7F86A" box="[136,289,1923,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2014-07-17">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BFB7F820FEC7F86A" box="[136,289,1923,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2014-07-17">17 July 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BE11F820FD45F86A" box="[302,675,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BE11F820FEA4F86A" box="[302,322,1923,1948]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Senterre &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BEE9F820FE0DF86A" box="[470,491,1923,1948]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Henriette 7101
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BD8BF820FCE7F86A" box="[692,769,1923,1948]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nz5a-xvmm" name="Ghent University, Biology Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">GENT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BC30F820FCF8F86A" box="[783,798,1923,1948]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BC13F820FC83F86A" box="[812,869,1923,1948]" country="Seychelles" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">SEY</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BC44F820FBD2F86A" box="[891,1076,1923,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2006-08-25">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BC44F820FBD2F86A" box="[891,1076,1923,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2006-08-25">25 August 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BB7DF820FA8FF86A" box="[1090,1385,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BB7DF820FBBBF86A" box="[1090,1117,1923,1948]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Luceño &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BBDAF820FAE6F86A" box="[1253,1280,1923,1948]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Guzmán
</emphasis>
8406
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BFB7F804FF57F836" box="[136,177,1959,1984]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ML</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BFFDF804FEF6F836" box="[194,272,1959,1984]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15339" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15339" name="Universidad Pablo de Olavide" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">UPOS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3CDAFFC5FFF4BE19F804FCC4F7DD" collectingDate="2013-03-17" collectingDateMax="2014-12-11" collectingDateMin="2013-03-17" collectionCode="B, E, P, SEY, GENT" country="Seychelles" elevation="821" latitude="-4.64011" location="Perard" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="55.43617" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EAB605CFFC5FFF4BE19F804FE94F836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD8791FFC5FFF1BFB7FD10FD18FBFE:8EAB605CFFC5FFF4BE19F804FE94F836" box="[294,370,1959,1984]" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.64011" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="55.43617" name="Perard" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Pérard</location>
, pentes nord-ouest,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC5FFF4BD67F804FD44F836" box="[600,674,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.209999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="821.0">
<elevation id="0059D1B4FFC5FFF4BD67F804FD44F836" box="[600,674,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.209999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="821.0">821 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., –
<geoCoordinate id="EE405040FFC5FFF4BDC1F804FC9BF836" box="[766,893,1959,1984]" degrees="4.64011" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="-4.64011">4.64011° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405040FFC5FFF4BCB3F804FBFAF836" box="[908,1052,1959,1984]" degrees="55.43617" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="55.43617">55.43617° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BB14F804FB38F836" box="[1067,1246,1959,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BB14F804FB38F836" box="[1067,1246,1959,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-03-17">17 March 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BBD4F804FED7F815" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BBD4F804FB19F836" box="[1259,1279,1959,1984]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Senterre &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BAACF804FA4EF836" box="[1427,1448,1959,1984]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Henriette 6558
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BE7EF869FEB7F815" box="[321,337,1994,2019]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BE62F869FE70F815" box="[349,406,1994,2019]" country="Seychelles" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">SEY</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BE96F869FDA4F815" box="[425,578,1994,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-05-19">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BE96F869FDA4F815" box="[425,578,1994,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-05-19">19 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BD71F869FCECF815" box="[590,778,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BD71F869FD84F815" box="[590,610,1994,2019]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Senterre 6583
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BC25F869FCCCF815" box="[794,810,1994,2019]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BC09F869FC89F815" box="[822,879,1994,2019]" country="Seychelles" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">SEY</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BCBDF869FBFAF815" box="[898,1052,1994,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BCBDF869FBFAF815" box="[898,1052,1994,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-06-18">18 June 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BB18F869FB02F815" box="[1063,1252,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BB18F869FBDDF815" box="[1063,1083,1994,2019]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Senterre 6586
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BBCCF869FAA6F815" box="[1267,1344,1994,2019]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nz5a-xvmm" name="Ghent University, Biology Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">GENT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BA74F869FABCF815" box="[1355,1370,1994,2019]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BA59F869FA79F815" box="[1382,1439,1994,2019]" country="Seychelles" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">SEY</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BFB7F84DFEFAF7F1" box="[136,284,2030,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-07-26">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BFB7F84DFEFAF7F1" box="[136,284,2030,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2013-07-26">26 July 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BE18F84DFE02F7F1" box="[295,484,2030,2055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BE18F84DFEDDF7F1" box="[295,315,2030,2055]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Senterre 6589
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BECCF84DFDA6F7F1" box="[499,576,2030,2055]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nz5a-xvmm" name="Ghent University, Biology Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">GENT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BD74F84DFDBCF7F1" box="[587,602,2030,2055]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BD59F84DFD79F7F1" box="[614,671,2030,2055]" country="Seychelles" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">SEY</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BD8DF84DFC89F7F1" box="[690,879,2030,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2014-01-29">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BD8DF84DFC89F7F1" box="[690,879,2030,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2014-01-29">29 January 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BC45F84DFB02F7F1" box="[890,1252,2030,2055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BC45F84DFC68F7F1" box="[890,910,2030,2055]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Senterre &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BB23F84DFBD7F7F1" box="[1052,1073,2030,2055]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Henriette 6964
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BBCCF84DFAA6F7F1" box="[1267,1344,2030,2055]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nz5a-xvmm" name="Ghent University, Biology Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">GENT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BA74F84DFABCF7F1" box="[1355,1370,2030,2055]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BA59F84DFA79F7F1" box="[1382,1439,2030,2055]" country="Seychelles" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">SEY</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCA1047FFC5FFF4BFB7F7B1FEB9F7DD" box="[136,351,2066,2091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2014-12-11">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9AFFFC5FFF4BFB7F7B1FEB9F7DD" box="[136,351,2066,2091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="2014-12-11">11 December 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC5FFF4BE55F7B1FD37F7DD" box="[362,721,2066,2091]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BE55F7B1FE98F7DD" box="[362,382,2066,2091]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Senterre &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BD34F7B1FDC6F7DD" box="[523,544,2066,2091]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Henriette 7117
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED65AE42FFC5FFF4BDDFF7B1FCFCF7DD" box="[736,794,2066,2091]" country="Seychelles" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13740" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">SEY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0B660FFFC2FFF3BFB7F891FE8FF7E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" startId="4.[136,229,1842,1863]" targetBox="[183,1404,190,1817]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC2FFF3BFB7F891FE8FF7E9" blockId="4.[136,1452,1842,2079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BFB7F891FF1BF8B1" bold="true" box="[136,253,1842,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC2FFF3BE3EF891FE36F8B1" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[257,464,1842,1863]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BE3EF891FE36F8B1" box="[257,464,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(all photos by B. Senterre, mostly on the living population at Copolia:
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BB52F891FA7BF8B1" box="[1133,1437,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">B. Senterre &amp; E. Henriette 7101</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BFB7F8F5FF46F89D" bold="true" box="[136,160,1878,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">A.</emphasis>
Part of a clump showing many stems branching from one original plant;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BC5DF8F5FC9EF89D" bold="true" box="[866,888,1878,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">B.</emphasis>
Closer view showing stem branching and distichous basal leaves;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BFEDF8D9FF0FF879" bold="true" box="[210,233,1914,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C.</emphasis>
Basal leaf-sheath;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BE9AF8D9FE5AF879" bold="true" box="[421,444,1914,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">D.</emphasis>
Cauline leaf-sheath;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BDB3F8D9FD45F879" bold="true" box="[652,675,1914,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">E.</emphasis>
Dissected stem (after removing the basal dead leaves) showing the insertion of the inflorescence below the green basal leaves;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BD6AF83DFD81F845" bold="true" box="[597,615,1950,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">F.</emphasis>
Developing nutlet;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BC17F83DFCA7F845" bold="true" box="[808,833,1950,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">G.</emphasis>
Fully ripe nutlet (seen only in
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BB52F83DFA45F845" box="[1133,1443,1950,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">B. Senterre &amp; E. Henriette 7117</emphasis>
) showing basal stipe and hairy beak;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BECBF861FDEBF821" bold="true" box="[500,525,1986,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">H.</emphasis>
Mature stamens in flowering spikelets (seen only in
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BB1FF861FB20F821" box="[1056,1222,1986,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">B. Senterre 6589</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BBE1F861FB0BF821" bold="true" box="[1246,1261,1986,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">I.</emphasis>
Maturing spikelets showing persistent rachilla and deciduous glumes;
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC2FFF3BD53F845FD98F80D" bold="true" box="[620,638,2022,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">J.</emphasis>
Dissected spikelet showing the male flower below the terminal hermaphrodite flower still partly in its glume.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36E650CFFC3FFF2BF82FF03FCAEFE9B" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC3FFF2BF82FF03FCAEFE9B" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BF82FF03FEBFFF4F" bold="true" box="[189,345,160,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Distribution:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BE4AFF03FD8FFF4F" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[373,617,160,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BE4AFF03FD8FFF4F" box="[373,617,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC3FFF2BC7FFF03FC5EFF4F" box="[832,952,160,185]" name="Seychelles" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
and restricted to
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC3FFF2BBBCFF03FB25FF4F" box="[1155,1219,160,185]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mahé</collectingCountry>
and has been found in only three localities all situated in the Morne Seychellois National Park: Congo Rouge (B. Senterre &amp; T. Stévart, observation record,
<date id="FFCA1047FFC3FFF2BE5AFF4BFE11FEF7" box="[357,503,232,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" value="2014-07-20">20 July 2014</date>
: –
<geoCoordinate id="EE405040FFC3FFF2BD2FFF4BFD9CFEF7" box="[528,634,232,257]" degrees="4.6512" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="-4.6512">4.6512°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405040FFC3FFF2BDBCFF4BFCEDFEF7" box="[643,779,232,257]" degrees="55.44126" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="55.44126">55.44126°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BC2AFF4BFCBDFEF7" box="[789,859,232,257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
elev.), Copolia (where specimens were also collected by
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BF94FEAFFDC5FED3" box="[171,547,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">M. Luceño &amp; M. Guzmán in 2006</emphasis>
, but identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BDD4FEAFFC54FED3" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[747,946,268,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BDD4FEAFFC54FED3" box="[747,946,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia hornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Pérard (
<figureCitation id="134F2A02FFC3FFF2BB75FEAFFB69FED3" box="[1098,1167,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1303,1324]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,399,1266]" captionTargetId="figure-121@5.[151,1435,389,1277]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution maps on the island of Mahé (Seychelles) for Costularia hornei (A) and Costularia xipholepis (B), showing also the distribution of their respective habitats (based on Senterre &amp; Wagner 2014)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631449/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). It has been searched for in suitable sites on Silhouette (Mont Pot à Eau) and around Morne Blanc but was not found. Other localities that should be checked on
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC3FFF2BE10FEF7FE89FE9B" box="[303,367,340,365]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mahé</collectingCountry>
include Glacis Sarcelles and Trois Frères.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0B660FFFC3FFF2BFB7FAB4FC62FAA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631449/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" startId="5.[136,229,1303,1324]" targetBox="[157,1423,399,1266]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC3FFF2BFB7FAB4FC62FAA6" blockId="5.[136,1452,1303,1360]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BFB7FAB4FF1BFADA" bold="true" box="[136,253,1303,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Distribution maps on the island of Mahé (Seychelles) for
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BC14FAB4FC31FADA" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[811,983,1303,1324]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BC14FAB4FC31FADA" box="[811,983,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia hornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A) and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BB13FAB4FB1AFADA" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1068,1276,1303,1324]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BB13FAB4FB1AFADA" box="[1068,1276,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B), showing also the distribution of their respective habitats (based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC3FFF2BDB8FA98FC9FFAA6" author="Senterre, B. &amp; Wagner, M." box="[647,889,1339,1360]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refId="ref8489" refString="Senterre, B. &amp; Wagner, M. (2014) Mapping Seychelles habitat-types on Mahe, Praslin, Silhouette, La Digue and Curieuse. Consultancy Report. Government of Seychelles, United Nations Development Programme, Victoria, Seychelles, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">Senterre &amp; Wagner 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36E650CFFC3FFF1BF82FA23FD18FBFE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC3FFF2BF82FA23FD9DF9DF" blockId="5.[136,1452,1408,2081]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BF82FA23FEC0FA6F" bold="true" box="[189,294,1408,1433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Ecology:</emphasis>
—This species is restricted to the herbaceous fringe of lower montane inselbergs. It has been observed from
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BFFAFA07FEBFFA4B" box="[197,345,1444,1469]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6049999999999995" metricValueMax="8.209999999999999" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="660.5" valueMax="821.0" valueMin="500.0">500 to 821 m</quantity>
elev. but was more abundant on the site at the higher elevation, which corresponds to an altitudinal belt named the tree fern lower montane belt (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC3FFF2BD49FA6BFCF3FA17" author="Senterre, B." box="[630,789,1480,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="5 - 7" refId="ref8262" refString="Senterre, B. (2011) On the forest types of the Seychelles. Kapisen 12: 5 - 7." type="journal article" year="2011">Senterre 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC3FFF2BC20FA6BFBD2FA17" author="Senterre, B. &amp; Wagner, M." box="[799,1076,1480,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refId="ref8489" refString="Senterre, B. &amp; Wagner, M. (2014) Mapping Seychelles habitat-types on Mahe, Praslin, Silhouette, La Digue and Curieuse. Consultancy Report. Government of Seychelles, United Nations Development Programme, Victoria, Seychelles, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">Senterre &amp; Wagner 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC3FFF2BB01FA6BFAFCFA17" author="Senterre, B. &amp; Gerlach, J. &amp; Mougal, J. &amp; Matatiken, D. E." box="[1086,1306,1480,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="157 - 174" refId="ref8284" refString="Senterre, B., Gerlach, J., Mougal, J. &amp; Matatiken, D. E. (2009) Old growth mature forest types and their floristic composition along the altitudinal gradient on Silhouette Island (Seychelles) - the telescoping effect on a continental mid-oceanic island. Phytocoenologia 39 (2): 157 - 174." type="journal article" year="2009">
Senterre
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BB9EFA6BFB3EFA17" box="[1185,1240,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). At Copolia, it has a more patchy distribution, growing on rock crevices and along fissures where the soil is damp. In all sites, it grows in association with
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BE93F9B3FD92F9DF" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[428,628,1552,1577]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BE93F9B3FD92F9DF" box="[428,628,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia hornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC3FFF2BF82F997FC3EF89B" blockId="5.[136,1452,1408,2081]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BF82F997FE81F9BB" bold="true" box="[189,359,1588,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Conservation:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BEBCF997FD91F9BB" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[387,631,1588,1613]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BEBCF997FD91F9BB" box="[387,631,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rare and highly localized, known from only 3 small sub-populations representing 3 localities,
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apart, separated from each other by unsuitable habitat (i.e. wet forests). The three sub-populations are within the Morne Seychellois National Park, appear healthy, with limited risks from invasive species. The area of occupancy (AOO) for the
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC3FFF2BDB2F903FD3EF94F" box="[653,728,1696,1721]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Congo</collectingCountry>
Rouge population is
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BCFBF903FC1AF94F" box="[964,1020,1696,1721]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BCC3F93DFBE2F95A" attach="left" box="[1020,1028,1694,1708]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
, Copolia
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<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BBF4F93DFB35F95A" attach="left" box="[1227,1235,1694,1708]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
, and Pérard
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BA61F903FF78F92B" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="20000.0">20,000 m</quantity>
<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BFA1F961FF40F926" attach="left" box="[158,166,1730,1744]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
, totalling approx.
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BE4DF967FE3DF92B" box="[370,475,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="26000.0">26,000 m</quantity>
<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BEE4F961FE05F926" attach="left" box="[475,483,1730,1744]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
(
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BECEF967FDBAF92B" box="[497,604,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="0.026">0.026 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BD63F961FD82F926" attach="left" box="[604,612,1730,1744]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
) and its extent of occurrence (EOO) was estimated at approximately
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BA5BF967FA7BF92B" box="[1380,1437,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BAA3F961FA42F926" attach="left" box="[1436,1444,1730,1744]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
. Both AOO and EOO fall within the limits of Critically Endangered status under criteria B. The total number of mature individuals is unknown but probably around a thousand. According to IUCN criterion B (EOO &lt;
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BB87F8AFFAFDF8D3" box="[1208,1307,1804,1829]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="5000.0">5000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BA24F8A9FAC5F8EE" attach="left" box="[1307,1315,1802,1816]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
, AOO &lt;
<quantity id="4C8C9B62FFC3FFF2BABEF8AFFF4AF8BF" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C019BCFFFC3FFF2BF93F88DFF52F8CA" attach="left" box="[172,180,1838,1852]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
, number of locations ≤5, and a projected decline of the quality of the habitat as a result of climate change (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC3FFF2BA59F893FF22F89B" author="IUCN" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refId="ref7348" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 5 November 2014)" type="url" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
), this species can be classified as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC3FFF2BF82F8DBFD71F82F" blockId="5.[136,1452,1408,2081]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BF82F8DBFE7EF867" bold="true" box="[189,408,1912,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Vernacular name:</emphasis>
—Due to the rarity of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BD9EF8DBFC70F867" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[673,918,1912,1937]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BD9EF8DBFC70F867" box="[673,918,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species did not receive a local name yet. Because of the remarkable distichous disposition of the leaves, very much fan-shaped, we propose to name it ‘Lerb levantay’, meaning fan-shaped grass in Creole.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC3FFF1BF82F847FCC9FEF7" blockId="5.[136,1452,1408,2081]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1451,160,257]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BF82F847FE6CF80B" bold="true" box="[189,394,2020,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Taxonomic note:</emphasis>
—Among the known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BC2FF847FC6EF80B" authorityName="Raynal" authorityYear="1974" box="[784,904,2020,2045]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BC2FF847FC6EF80B" box="[784,904,2020,2045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BB36F847FB67F80B" authorityName="Raynal" authorityYear="1974" box="[1033,1153,2020,2045]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BB36F847FB67F80B" box="[1033,1153,2020,2045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only one presents some similarity with
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF2BE07F7ABFDCAF7D7" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[312,556,2056,2081]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BE07F7ABFDCAF7D7" box="[312,556,2056,2081]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC3FFF1BD57F7ABFD8FFF4F" authority="(Clarke 1894: 658) Kukenthal (1939 b: 67)" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityPageNumber="658" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pantopoda" variety="baronii">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BD57F7ABFC87F7D7" box="[616,865,2056,2081]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Costularia pantopoda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC3FFF2BC4EF7ABFBD5F7D7" author="Baker, J. G." box="[881,1075,2056,2081]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="407 - 455" refId="ref6459" refString="Baker, J. G. (1885) Further Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar - Second and Final Part. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 21 (137): 407 - 455. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1885. tb 00572. x" type="journal article" year="1885">Baker 1885: 451</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC3FFF2BB7AF7ABFAF8F7D7" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[1093,1310,2056,2081]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="526 - 692" refId="ref6815" refString="Clarke, C. B. (1894) Cyperaceae. In: Durand, T. &amp; Schinz, H. (Eds.) Conspectus florae Africae. Jardin botanique de l'etat, Bruxelles, pp. 526 - 692." type="book chapter" year="1894">Clarke (1894: 658)</bibRefCitation>
var.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC3FFF2BA65F7ABFA4DF7D7" box="[1370,1451,2056,2081]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">baronii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC0FFF1BFAFFF03FEB1FF4F" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[144,343,160,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="526 - 692" refId="ref6815" refString="Clarke, C. B. (1894) Cyperaceae. In: Durand, T. &amp; Schinz, H. (Eds.) Conspectus florae Africae. Jardin botanique de l'etat, Bruxelles, pp. 526 - 692." type="book chapter" year="1894">Clarke 1894: 658</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC0FFF1BE58FF03FD8FFF4F" author="Kukenthal, G." box="[359,617,160,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref7541" refString="Kukenthal, G. (1939 b) Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae. V. R epertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 46: 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1939">Kükenthal (1939b: 67)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54CF8825FFC0FFF1BD46FF03FD49FF4F" box="[633,687,160,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BD85FF03FCD9FF4F" box="[698,831,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Baron 3316</emphasis>
, K000244885!), endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC0FFF1BBB8FF03FAF6FF4F" box="[1159,1296,160,185]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. Both species have long leaves and hypogynous bristles much longer than the nut, with relatively few empty glumes, but
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BA26FF67FA4DFF2B" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1305,1451,196,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BA26FF67FA4DFF2B" box="[1305,1451,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">C. xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs most obviously in its clearly stipitate nutlet (
<tableCitation id="C6F6033CFFC0FFF1BDF5FF4BFCF8FEF7" box="[714,798,232,257]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,216,306,327]" captionText="TABLE 1. Characters differentiating Costularia xipholepis from C. pantopoda var. baronii" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0B660FFFC0FFF1BFB7FE91FC15FEB1" box="[136,1011,306,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" startId="6.[136,216,306,327]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC0FFF1BFB7FE91FC15FEB1" blockId="6.[136,1011,306,327]" box="[136,1011,306,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BFB7FE91FF16FEB1" bold="true" box="[136,240,306,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Characters differentiating
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BECEFE91FD27FEB1" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[497,705,306,327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BECEFE91FD27FEB1" box="[497,705,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BDC4FE91FC15FEB1" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[763,1011,306,327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pantopoda" variety="baronii">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BDC4FE91FC98FEB1" box="[763,894,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">C. pantopoda</emphasis>
var. baronii
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC0FFF1BFA8FEFEFA77FDD8" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<table id="F974C427FFC00008BFA8FEFEFA77FDA4" box="[151,1425,349,594]" gridcols="3" gridrows="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<tr id="354434C5FFC00008BFA8FEFEFA77FE84" box="[151,1425,349,370]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76955DB9FFC00008BFA8FEFEFDDCFE84" box="[151,570,349,370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BFA8FEFEFE74FE84" box="[151,402,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Differentiating characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76955DB9FFC00008BD45FEFEFC09FE84" box="[634,1007,349,370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BD45FEFEFCACFE84" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[634,842,349,370]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BD45FEFEFCACFE84" box="[634,842,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76955DB9FFC00008BB22FEFEFA77FE84" box="[1053,1425,349,370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BB22FEFEFA81FE84" authority="Number" authorityName="Number" box="[1053,1383,349,370]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pantopoda" variety="baronii">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BB22FEFEFB17FE84" box="[1053,1265,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia pantopoda</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BA1EFEFEFA81FE84" box="[1313,1383,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">baronii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354434C5FFC00008BFA8FE2FFA77FE57" box="[151,1425,396,417]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76955DB9FFC00008BFA8FE2FFDDCFE57" box="[151,570,396,417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Number of empty basal glumes per spikelet</th>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BD45FE2FFC09FE57" box="[634,1007,396,417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">6</td>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BB22FE2FFA77FE57" box="[1053,1425,396,417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">6–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354434C5FFC00008BFA8FE18FA77FE26" box="[151,1425,443,464]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76955DB9FFC00008BFA8FE18FDDCFE26" box="[151,570,443,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Shape of apex of lowest glume</th>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BD45FE18FC09FE26" box="[634,1007,443,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Apex with a spreading mucro</td>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BB22FE18FA77FE26" box="[1053,1425,443,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Apex not awned</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354434C5FFC00008BFA8FE49FA77FE09" box="[151,1425,490,511]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76955DB9FFC00008BFA8FE49FDDCFE09" box="[151,570,490,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Spikelet colour</th>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BD45FE49FC09FE09" box="[634,1007,490,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Reddish</td>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BB22FE49FA77FE09" box="[1053,1425,490,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Dark to almost black</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354434C5FFC00008BFA8FDBAFA77FDA4" box="[151,1425,537,594]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76955DB9FFC00008BFA8FDBAFDDCFDA4" box="[151,570,537,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Nutlet</th>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BD45FDBAFC09FDA4" box="[634,1007,537,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Obovoid, cross-section trigonous, base clearly stipitate</td>
<td id="76955DB9FFC00008BB22FDBAFA77FDA4" box="[1053,1425,537,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Subglobose, scarcely narrowed at base</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3687FFC0FFF1BF82FD24FD18FBFE" blockId="6.[136,1452,647,1032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
The identity of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BE59FD24FDB1FD56" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[358,599,647,672]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BE59FD24FDB1FD56" box="[358,599,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been the subject of much confusion. It was initially described as
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BA74FD24FF1DFD32" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1877" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cladium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BA74FD24FF1DFD32" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Cladium xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a new species endemic to the
<collectingCountry id="F3637617FFC0FFF1BD64FD08FD30FD32" box="[603,726,683,708]" name="Seychelles" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC0FFF1BC39FD08FC7BFD32" author="Baker, J. G." box="[774,925,683,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refId="ref6393" refString="Baker, J. G. (1877) Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles - A description of the flowering plants and ferns of those islands. Reeve &amp; Co., London, 557 pp. Available from: http: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 98113 c (accessed 7 October 2015)" type="book" year="1877">Baker (1877)</bibRefCitation>
, based on the single specimen
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BBC4FD08FA90FD32" box="[1275,1398,683,708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Wright s.n.</emphasis>
(K). Nevertheless, later studies treated that specimen sometimes as belonging in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BCDBFD6CFBBAFD1E" authorityName="Raynal" authorityYear="1974" box="[996,1116,719,744]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BCDBFD6CFBBAFD1E" box="[996,1116,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BBEBFD6CFA64FD1E" authorityName="Raynal" authorityYear="1974" box="[1236,1410,719,744]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BBEBFD6CFA64FD1E" box="[1236,1410,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a species synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BEBAFD50FDA8FCFA" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[389,590,755,780]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BEBAFD50FDA8FCFA" box="[389,590,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia hornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC0FFF1BD61FD50FCC0FCFA" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[606,806,755,780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="526 - 692" refId="ref6815" refString="Clarke, C. B. (1894) Cyperaceae. In: Durand, T. &amp; Schinz, H. (Eds.) Conspectus florae Africae. Jardin botanique de l'etat, Bruxelles, pp. 526 - 692." type="book chapter" year="1894">Clarke 1894: 657</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC0FFF1BC0CFD50FBB6FCFA" author="Summerhayes, V. S." box="[819,1104,755,780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refId="ref8839" refString="Summerhayes, V. S. (1928) New plants from the Seychelles. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) 1928 (10):" type="journal volume" year="1928">Summerhayes 1928: 394</bibRefCitation>
), and sometimes in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BA0BFD50FA4AFCFA" authorityName="Raynal" authorityYear="1974" box="[1332,1452,755,780]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BA0BFD50FA4AFCFA" box="[1332,1452,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BFC7FCB4FE96FCC6" authorityName="Raynal" authorityYear="1974" box="[248,368,791,816]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BFC7FCB4FE96FCC6" box="[248,368,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a species synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BDA2FCB4FC70FCC6" box="[669,918,791,816]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melicoides">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BDA2FCB4FC70FCC6" box="[669,918,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Costularia melicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B76FFC0FFF1BC9AFCB4FB7EFCC6" author="Kukenthal, G." box="[933,1176,791,816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref7541" refString="Kukenthal, G. (1939 b) Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae. V. R epertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 46: 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1939">Kükenthal 1939b: 72</bibRefCitation>
). Our rediscovery in the field of plants of Baker’s true
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BEE7FC98FD54FCA2" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1877" box="[472,690,827,852]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cladium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BEE7FC98FD54FCA2" box="[472,690,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Cladium xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
allowed us to collect new specimens with more developed spikelets and to correct important errors made in the original description of that species. It also allowed us to confirm the distichous position of the leaves, the absence of a midrib and to confirm diagnostic characters distinguishing it from the Mascarene
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BE36FC04FE44FC36" box="[265,418,935,960]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melicoides">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BE36FC04FE44FC36" box="[265,418,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">C. melicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter is quite different from
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BC1DFC04FC50FC36" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1877" box="[802,950,935,960]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cladium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BC1DFC04FC50FC36" box="[802,950,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">C. xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, even at first sight, and can be distinguished by its much less robust habit, its basal leaf sheaths which are smooth (long ciliate in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BB75FC68FB38FC12" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1877" box="[1098,1246,971,996]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cladium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BB75FC68FB38FC12" box="[1098,1246,971,996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">C. xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and its spikelets with the terminal flower sterile (fertile in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D04FFC0FFF1BD65FC4CFD0BFBFE" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1877" box="[602,749,1007,1032]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cladium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B900EA95FFC0FFF1BD65FC4CFD0BFBFE" box="[602,749,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">C. xipholepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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