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<document id="FA83D07F4D6356FC0C2483A225F60A45" ID-CLB-Dataset="22494" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8af5a092-f062-48c7-8d7c-f96ae6282bfa" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774174" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C442D94C-0EB4-4509-B762-913707214819" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588094957734" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris" docDate="2020" docId="03B2EA640ADF46A12CFCFA27FEADD2D8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4765.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4765 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="244" masterDocId="FF8B921C0A2F46522C6BFF8EFFCBD747" masterDocTitle="A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1698837970293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="34F9E31EA0CD718FA41D3EC4E53D442C">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="11CA413E49102DA49E577ACA552A90BD">Hodgson, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="30AC89BB2062704F83D4DD38CDCCA612">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="516DA4344BE527C8AA0C363892D38755">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6442506B4DBDBC51D6884451827DB1F8" type="CLB-Dataset">22494</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="923761ACAD5F414F4C68E51F327011C8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640ADF46A12CFCFA27FEADD2D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796862" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640ADF46A12CFCFA27FEADD2D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640ADF46A12CFCFA27FEADD2D8" lastPageId="243" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<subSubSection id="C30108F90ADF46A22CFCFA27FD41D284" box="[151,650,1449,1476]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CFCFA27FD41D284" blockId="240.[151,650,1449,1476]" box="[151,650,1449,1476]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<heading id="D0ECEC1E0ADF46A22CFCFA27FD41D284" bold="true" box="[151,650,1449,1476]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCFA27FD41D284" bold="true" box="[151,650,1449,1476]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCFA27FF68D283" bold="true" box="[151,163,1449,1476]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">?</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22CC8FA27FDD0D284" ID-CoL="4QH99" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" box="[163,539,1449,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CC8FA27FE7BD283" bold="true" box="[163,432,1449,1476]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Pulvinaria dodonaeae</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132047F70ADF46A22E47FA27FD48D284" box="[556,643,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 94" captionStartId="241.[151,248,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,238,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@241.[151,1436,237,1844]" captionTargetPageId="241" captionText="FIGURE 94.?Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell. Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774366/files/figure.png" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90ADF46A22CFCFA63FD65D1D8" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CFCFA63FC92D163" blockId="240.[151,1437,1516,1695]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0ADF46A22CFCFA63FC92D163" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630ADF46A22CFCFA63FD82D142" box="[151,585,1516,1541]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22CFCFA63FD82D142" ID-CoL="4QH99" authority="Maskell 1893" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,585,1516,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCFA63FEB0D142" box="[151,379,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Pulvinaria dodonaeae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22DEFFA62FD82D142" author="Maskell, W. M." box="[388,585,1516,1541]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="201 - 252" refId="ref207998" refString="Maskell, W. M. (1893) Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new species from Australia, India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara, and South Pacific. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 25, 201 - 252." type="journal article" year="1893">Maskell 1893, 222</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type data:
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22EA1FA62FCE4D142" bold="true" box="[714,815,1516,1541]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20ADF46A22EA1FA62FCE4D142" box="[714,815,1516,1541]" name="Australia" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, host plant not indicated.
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00ADF46A2282AFA60FB62D141" box="[1089,1193,1518,1542]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, female, by subsequent designation (
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630ADF46A22D22F985FD80D163" box="[329,587,1547,1572]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22D22F985FD80D163" author="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J." box="[329,587,1547,1572]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="103 - 164" refId="ref210405" refString="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. (1992) A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 103 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770061" type="journal article" year="1992">Qin &amp; Gullan, 1992, 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
). Type depository: NZAC.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CFCF9A4FCBCD1C7" blockId="240.[151,1437,1516,1695]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0ADF46A22CFCF9A4FCBCD1C7" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630ADF46A22CFCF9A4FDDDD104" box="[151,534,1578,1603]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22CFCF9A4FDDDD104" ID-CoL="78PC3" authority="Froggatt 1915" authorityName="Froggatt" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,534,1578,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCF9A4FE81D105" box="[151,330,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Pulvinaria greeni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22D3AF9A5FDDDD104" author="Froggatt, W. W." box="[337,534,1578,1603]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="411 - 423" refId="ref201405" refString="Froggatt, W. W. (1915) A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects (' Coccidae') of Australia. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 26, 411 - 423 + 511 - 516 + 603 - 615." type="journal article" year="1915">Froggatt 1915, 415</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type data:
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22EFBF9A4FD3ED104" bold="true" box="[656,757,1578,1603]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20ADF46A22EFBF9A4FD3ED104" box="[656,757,1578,1603]" name="Australia" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900ADF46A22F69F9A5FC71D104" box="[770,954,1578,1603]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, Condobolin, on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22802F9A5FAEFD105" ID-CoL="73RQC" authorityName="A. Cunn. ex Benth" authorityYear="1837" box="[1129,1316,1578,1602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deserti">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22802F9A5FAEFD105" box="[1129,1316,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Myoporum deserti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00ADF46A2295AF9A5FA52D104" box="[1329,1433,1579,1603]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, female, by subsequent designation (
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630ADF46A22E5FF9C6FCF9D126" box="[564,818,1608,1633]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22E5FF9C6FCF9D126" author="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J." box="[564,818,1608,1633]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="103 - 164" refId="ref210405" refString="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. (1992) A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 103 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770061" type="journal article" year="1992">Qin &amp; Gullan 1992, 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
). Type depository: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Junior synonym,
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630ADF46A22E11F9E9FCB8D1C7" box="[634,883,1639,1664]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22E11F9E9FCB8D1C7" author="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J." box="[634,883,1639,1664]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="103 - 164" refId="ref210405" refString="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. (1992) A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 103 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770061" type="journal article" year="1992">Qin &amp; Gullan 1992, 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CFCF908FD65D1D8" blockId="240.[151,1437,1516,1695]" box="[151,686,1670,1695]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0ADF46A22CFCF908FD65D1D8" box="[151,686,1670,1695]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22CFCF908FE1FD1D8" ID-CoL="4QH99" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" box="[151,468,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCF908FEB2D1D9" box="[151,377,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Pulvinaria dodonaeae</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630ADF46A22DB5F909FD61D1D8" box="[478,682,1670,1695]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22DB5F909FD61D1D8" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[478,682,1670,1695]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref198011" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov 1993, 257</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90ADF46A22CFCF942FB6ED04B" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CFCF942FB6ED04B" blockId="240.[151,1436,1740,1804]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCF942FE30D1A0" bold="true" box="[151,507,1740,1767]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
Material examined:
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20ADF46A22DE0F942FE30D1A0" box="[395,507,1740,1767]" name="Australia" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22E62F943FCA3D1A0" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" box="[521,872,1741,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22E62F943FCCFD1A0" box="[521,772,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Pulvinaria dodonaeae</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
, no other site details but thought to be
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900ADF46A22975F943FF15D04C" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, on
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22D67F97CFE4CD04C" box="[268,391,1778,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22D67F97CFE4CD04C" box="[268,391,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Myoporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22DD7F97FFD90D04C" authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[444,603,1777,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myoporaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myoporaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="FFA57DB20ADF46A22E05F97FFD23D04C" box="[622,744,1777,1803]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" value="1977-09-30">30.ix.1977</date>
, no coll (
<collectionCode id="ED0AC3B70ADF46A22F24F97FFC6AD04C" box="[847,929,1777,1803]" country="Australia" name="Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="Museum">ASCU</collectionCode>
): 3/3ad
<specimenCount id="9D1D90FB0ADF46A22F92F97FFBEAD04B" box="[1017,1057,1777,1804]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
(fair-good).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90ADF46A22CFCF8B7FA80D030" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CFCF8B7FA80D030" blockId="240.[151,1436,1848,1911]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCF8B7FF04D014" bold="true" box="[151,207,1849,1875]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Note</emphasis>
: Whilst this is not a
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00ADF46A22DDDF8B7FE2DD014" box="[438,486,1849,1875]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">type</typeStatus>
specimen, it should be noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22F0FF8B7FB29D014" authority="Froggatt (1915)" authorityName="Froggatt" authorityYear="1915" box="[868,1250,1848,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22F0FF8B7FBE1D014" box="[868,1066,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Pulvinaria greeni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A2285BF8B7FB29D014" author="Froggatt" box="[1072,1250,1848,1875]" firstAuthor="Froggatt" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="411 - 423" refId="ref201405" refString="Froggatt, W. W. (1915) A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects (' Coccidae') of Australia. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 26, 411 - 423 + 511 - 516 + 603 - 615." type="journal article" year="1915">Froggatt (1915)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which was synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22D2FF8D0FE11D030" box="[324,474,1885,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22D2FF8D0FE11D030" box="[324,474,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">P. dodonaeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22E6FF8D3FD39D030" author="Qin &amp; Gullan" box="[516,754,1885,1911]" firstAuthor="Qin" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="103 - 164" refId="ref210405" refString="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. (1992) A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 103 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770061" type="journal article" year="1992">Qin &amp; Gullan (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, was collected off
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22FAFF8D0FA83D030" authorityName="A. Cunn. ex Benth" authorityYear="1837" box="[964,1352,1885,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Myoporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deserti">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22FAFF8D0FB5AD030" box="[964,1169,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Myoporum deserti</emphasis>
(Myoporaceae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90ADF46A12CFCF82BFA94D418" lastPageId="243" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CFCF82BFA57D0A3" blockId="240.[151,1436,1956,2020]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCF82BFEB2D0F8" bold="true" box="[151,377,1956,1983]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Mounted material.</emphasis>
Moderate in size,
<quantity id="4CE3F6970ADF46A22E24F82BFD38D0F8" box="[591,755,1957,1983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="1.63" valueMax="1.66" valueMin="1.6">1.60–1.66 mm</quantity>
long, width across triangular plates (tp) 430–440 μm; body robust; antennae about 3/4 total length of body; body with very few setae, all hair-like setae (hs); fleshy setae (fs)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADE46A32CFCFF17FA9ED790" blockId="241.[151,1436,153,216]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">present on antennae and legs; fs fairly easily differentiated from hair-like setae. Head only weakly reticulated. Pores (other than those in glandular pouches) absent. Wings slightly shorter than total body length but quite broad.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF640BFA0ADE46A32CFCF8C3FE44D0CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774366/files/figure.png" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" startId="241.[151,248,1869,1894]" targetBox="[161,1423,238,1841]" targetPageId="241">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADE46A32CFCF8C3FE44D0CD" blockId="241.[151,1436,1869,1930]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADE46A32CFCF8C3FED6D021" bold="true" box="[151,285,1869,1894]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">FIGURE 94.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADE46A32D48F8C0FEE7D021" box="[291,300,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">?</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADE46A32D47F8C0FD3DD022" authority="Maskell. Macropterous" authorityName="Maskell. Macropterous" box="[300,758,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADE46A32D47F8C0FDC7D021" box="[300,524,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Pulvinaria dodonaeae</emphasis>
Maskell. Macropterous
</taxonomicName>
male. (
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADE46A32F54F8C3FC6BD021" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[831,928,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="241" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADE46A02CACF836FD14D55C" blockId="241.[151,1436,1976,2039]" lastBlockId="242.[151,1437,153,2016]" lastPageId="242" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADE46A32CACF836FEC5D095" bold="true" box="[199,270,1976,2002]" pageId="241" pageNumber="242">Head.</emphasis>
About 228–240 μm long; width across genae 270–290 μm. Median crest (mc) only very faintly reticu- lated dorsally, of about equal width along entire length or narrowing slightly posteriorly; dorsal head setae (dhs) few, totalling 1–4 hs. Dorsal mid-cranial ridge absent; ventral mid-cranial ridge (vmcr) present, quite long, extending to ocular sclerite (ocs), vmcr with perhaps a few reticulations laterally but without ventral median ridge setae (vmcrs); lateral mid-cranial ridges (lmcr) distinct. Genae (g) with very faint, large reticulations but without genal setae (gs). Eyes: with two pairs of large simple eyes, ventral eyes (vse) slightly larger (60–65 μm wide) than dorsal eyes (dse) (50–55 μm wide); dorsal pair dorsad to scape, ventral pair near posterior margin of head. Ocelli (o) distinct, each 12–18 μm wide. Ocular sclerite (ocs) apparently weakly reticulated. Preocular ridge fairly short dorsally but long ventrally, extending almost to ventral mid-cranial ridge. Postocular ridge (procr) strongly developed, extending almost to median crest dorsally; more or less touching ocelli posteriorly and sometimes with a short extension up dorsal margin; interocular ridge (ior) absent. Dorsal ocular setae (docs): 0 or 1 hs on each side. Ventral head setae (vhs) absent. Tentorial bridge (tb) possibly poorly developed. Cranial apophysis (ca) well developed, with a squarish or slightly trifurcated apex, perhaps 60–66 μm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADD46A02CACFDAAFE35D47C" blockId="242.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADD46A02CACFDAAFEF1D578" bold="true" box="[199,314,548,575]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Antennae</emphasis>
: 10-segmented, filiform. Each 1200 μm long; scape (scp) 40–45 μm long, 53–58 μm wide, with 3 hs on ventral surface and none dorsally; pedicel (pdc) 45–50 μm long, 50–55 μm wide, apparently without polygo- nal reticulations; with 1–3 hs only, all ventral, + a campaniform pore. Segments III–X rather narrow, width 23–28 μm; lengths of segments (μm): III 90–105; IV 140–165; V 178–185; VI 153–195; VII 157–175; VIII 132–150; IX 130–135 and X 110–115; setae: fs each about 30 μm long (1 or 2 much shorter, down to perhaps 13 μm), hs absent; approximate number of fs per segment: III 9–12; IV 20; V 28; VI 27; VII 19; VIII 18 + 1 antennal bristle (ab); IX 18 + 1 ab; X 11 fs, 3 ab + 3 short capitate setae (caps), each about 35 μm long; segment X not constricted apically; one sensilla basiconica on apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADD46A02CACFCCBFD96D4A8" blockId="242.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADD46A02CACFCCBFEEBD418" bold="true" box="[199,288,837,863]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Thorax</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADD46A02D45FCCBFE63D418" bold="true" box="[302,424,837,863]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Prothorax</emphasis>
: pronotal ridge (prnr) strong and fused medially; lateral pronotal sclerite (prn) very narrow and poorly developed; without medial, post-tergital or lateral pronotal setae; post-tergite absent. Prosternum (stn
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A029E0FCF4FA58D4CF" attach="left" box="[1419,1427,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">1</subScript>
) with a strong transverse ridge, each with a small apophysis; median ridge absent, but sternite with a few ridges laterally; pronotal setae (st
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02DE6FC4CFE5ED497" attach="both" box="[397,405,962,976]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">1</subScript>
s), anteprosternal setae (astn
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02EBBFC4CFD13D497" attach="both" box="[720,728,962,976]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">1</subScript>
s) and antemesospiracular (asp
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02845FC4CFBFDD497" attach="both" box="[1070,1078,962,976]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">1</subScript>
s) setae absent. Proepisternum + cervical sclerite (pepcv) well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADD46A02CACFC77FB38D2A0" blockId="242.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADD46A02CACFC77FE9DD354" bold="true" box="[199,342,1017,1043]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Mesothorax</emphasis>
: prescutum (prsc) large, length 132–136 μm, width 170–180 μm; without reticulations or nodula- tions; prescutal setae absent; prescutal ridge (pscr) and prescutal sclerite (pscs) well developed. Prealare (pra) and triangular plate (tp) well developed. Scutum (sct): median membranous area large, about three times wider than long, length 50–70 μm, width 178–207 μm, with 2–4 pairs short hs scutal setae (scts); scutum without scutal setae laterally, without nodulations laterad to scutellum; prealar ridge (prar) distinct, terminating in a well-developed anterior notal wing process (anp). Scutellum (scl) rectangular and tubular, with a moderately large foramen, length 75–78 μm, width 198–230 μm; with 2–5 pairs of short hs scutellar setae (scls) + 2–4 small pores. Mesopostnotum (pn
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02CD6FA88FF0ED253" attach="left" box="[189,197,1286,1300]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">2</subScript>
) normal; postnotal apophysis (pna) well developed; area within mesopostnotum membranous. Mesepisternum (eps
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02CADFAA4FF05D27F" attach="left" box="[198,206,1322,1336]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">2</subScript>
) well developed, without ridges or reticulations. Basisternum (stn
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02FDEFAA4FC76D27F" attach="left" box="[949,957,1322,1336]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">2</subScript>
): length 175–200 μm, width 290–325 μm; median ridge (mdr) strong and complete; bounded by strong marginal (mr) and precoxal (pcr
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A028BFFAC0FB17D21B" attach="left" box="[1236,1244,1358,1372]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">2</subScript>
) ridges; without basisternal setae; lateropleurite (lpl) large, with a short extension from marginal ridge along anterior border; furca (f) waisted, with long furcal arms extending about 2/3rds to marginal ridge (mr). Postalare (pa) well developed, reticulated at anterior end; postalare setae absent. Mesothoracic spiracle (sp
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02FB6FA34FC2ED28F" attach="left" box="[989,997,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">2</subScript>
) 30 μm wide. Postmesospiracular setae absent. Tegula (teg): well developed, without tegular setae (tegs). Wing sclerites apparently normal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADD46A02CACFA7FFF2DD1F8" blockId="242.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADD46A02CACFA7FFE9ED14C" bold="true" box="[199,341,1521,1547]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Metathorax</emphasis>
: metapostnotum (pn
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02E2BF98CFD83D157" attach="left" box="[576,584,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">3</subScript>
) absent; metatergal setae (mts): 0 or 1 on each side. Dorsospiracular setae (dss) absent. Metapleural ridge (plr
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02E44F9A8FDFCD173" attach="left" box="[559,567,1574,1588]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">3</subScript>
) absent dorsally, short ventrally. Metepisternum (eps
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A028CBF9A8FB63D173" attach="left" box="[1184,1192,1574,1588]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">3</subScript>
) unsclerotised, without postmetaspiracular setae (eps
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02E79F9C4FDD1D11F" attach="both" box="[530,538,1610,1624]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">3</subScript>
s). Metepimeron (epm
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02F73F9C4FCEBD11F" attach="left" box="[792,800,1610,1624]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">3</subScript>
) well developed, without setae. Antemetaspiracular setae absent. Metathoracic spiracle (sp
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02E58F9E0FDF0D13B" attach="left" box="[563,571,1646,1660]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">3</subScript>
): peritreme 28–30 μm wide. Metasternum (stn
<subScript id="179F59370ADD46A02825F9E0FB9DD13B" attach="left" box="[1102,1110,1646,1660]" fontSize="6" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">3</subScript>
) lightly sclerotised. Anterior metasternal (amss) and posterior metasternal setae (pmss) absent. All structures associated with hamulohalteres absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADD46A02CACF946FDB3D06C" blockId="242.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADD46A02CACF946FED8D1A4" bold="true" box="[199,275,1736,1763]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Wings</emphasis>
: apparently quite broad although mostly very crumpled, length
<date id="FFA57DB20ADD46A02F9DF946FBB8D1A4" box="[1014,1139,1736,1763]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243" value="1375" valueMax="1425">1375–1425</date>
μm, width about 640 μm (ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.86; ratio of wing length to width 1: 0.47). Without alar lobes, alar setae or alar sensilla. Hamulohalteres (h) absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADD46A12CACF8BBFD0DD604" blockId="242.[151,1437,153,2016]" lastBlockId="243.[151,1437,152,1439]" lastPageId="243" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADD46A02CACF8BBFF34D008" bold="true" box="[199,255,1845,1871]" pageId="242" pageNumber="243">Legs</emphasis>
: prothoracic legs longest. Fairly setose, mainly with fs or spur-like setae. Coxae (cx) lengths (μm): I 120–125; II 125–133; III 128–138; procoxae without coxal bristles; metacoxae with 19–22 fs + 7 hs; apical seta 25–35 μm long. Trochanter (tr) + femur (f) lengths (μm): I 320–325; II 285–290; III 275–285; each trochanter with a line of oval campaniform pores on each side; metatrochanter with 7–9 fs + 2 or 3 hs; long trochanter seta short, each 38–40 μm long; each metafemur with 28–30 fs + 11 or 12 hs. Tibia (ti) lengths (μm): I 365–375; II 335–350; III 340–345; metatibia with many setae, mostly fs and spur-like on distal half; tibial spurs (tibs) 22–27 μm long. Tarsi (ta) lengths (μm): I 128–130; II 125–128; III 120–130; metatarsi with mostly spur-like setae and fs; tarsal spurs (tabs) barely differentiated, each 18–22 μm long; tarsal campaniform pore (tcp) absent; tarsal digitules (tdt) shorter than claw, capitate. Claws (c) each 27–30 μm long, longer than width of tarsi, slightly curved, with a small denticle; claw digitules (cdt) longer than claw and capitate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADC46A12CACFEC2FBEED6B0" blockId="243.[151,1437,152,1439]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12CACFEC2FEF7D620" bold="true" box="[199,316,332,359]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Segments I–VII membranous, sclerotisations on sternites (as), tergites (at) and pleurites (ap) absent. Dorsal abdominal setae (ads) few (all hs), segment I with 0; segments II–IV each with 1 pair medially; segments V–VII each with 1 mediolaterally. Ventral abdominal setae (avs) (all hs): segments III–VI each with 1 seta mediolaterally, V &amp; VI each with a pair medially; VII with 2 pairs. Dorsal pleural setae (dps) few, with 1 hs on II and 2 hs on each of segments III–VI; ventral pleural setae (vps) uncertain, perhaps absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADC46A12CACFD8FFE88D5C0" blockId="243.[151,1437,152,1439]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Segment VIII: tergite (at) not apparently sclerotised; caudal extension rounded, with 3 hs. Ante-anal setae present, 1 or 2 hs; sternite VIII sclerotised, forming anterior border of basal membranous area (bma); without setae. Glandular pouches (gp) very deep; glandular pouch setae (gls) (mainly broken) each 125–137 μm long, with slightly capitate apices.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADC46A12CACFD1EFA94D418" blockId="243.[151,1437,152,1439]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12CACFD1EFE5FD5EC" bold="true" box="[199,404,656,683]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Genital segments</emphasis>
: segment IX and style fused. Penial sheath (ps) stout, 315–350 μm long; 105–110 μm wide at base; rather parallel-sided proximally and then gradually tapering to a sharp apex (ratio of total body length to penial sheath length 1:0.2). Anus (an) with a sclerotised margin; 28–30 μm wide. Basal rod (bra) very short, length 25–35 μm, not nearly reaching basal membranous area (bma) anteriorly; without an extension posteriorly down aedeagus. Aedeagus (aed) much shorter than penial sheath, broading slightly towards apex, length 150–160 μm; approximately parallel-sided. Style with 5–9 minute setae on each side and a group of sensory pores on apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90ADC46A12CACFCE6FEADD2D8" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADC46A12CACFCE6FEE3D31C" blockId="243.[151,1437,152,1439]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12CACFCE6FE8FD4C4" bold="true" box="[199,324,872,899]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Comment.</emphasis>
The adult male of
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12E71FCE4FD74D4C4" box="[538,703,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
P.?
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12E2BFCE7FD74D4C4" box="[576,703,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">dodonaeae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is clearly very different from the males of
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A128C9FCE4FAD4D4C4" box="[1186,1311,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
P.?
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A128A2FCE7FAD4D4C4" authorityName="Morrison" authorityYear="1927" box="[1225,1311,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Xylococculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">betulae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(L.) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A129E3FCE4FE0DD4EF" authority="(Walsh &amp; Riley)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh &amp; Riley" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acericola">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A129E3FCE4FECAD4E0" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">P. acericola</emphasis>
(Walsh &amp; Riley)
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADC46A12E0DFC03FCFAD4EF" author="Giliomee" box="[614,817,909,936]" firstAuthor="Giliomee" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref201785" refString="Giliomee, J. H. (1967 a) Morphology and taxonomy of adult males of the family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 7, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">Giliomee (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
. In particular, the complete absence of fleshy setae on the body indicates that this species is not at all closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12FEEFC3FFB71D48B" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[901,1210,945,972]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12FEEFC3FFBFED48C" box="[901,1077,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00ADC46A12899FC3FFAE9D48C" box="[1266,1314,945,971]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12CFCFC5BFEC4D4A8" box="[151,271,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12CFCFC5BFEC4D4A8" box="[151,271,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and needs to be placed in another genus. It is also clear from the description of the adult female of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A129E3FC58FED9D354" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A129E3FC58FED9D354" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">P. dodonaeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADC46A12D56FC77FDE1D354" author="Qin &amp; Gullan" box="[317,554,1017,1043]" firstAuthor="Qin" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" pagination="103 - 164" refId="ref210405" refString="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. (1992) A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Journal of Natural History, 26, 103 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770061" type="journal article" year="1992">Qin &amp; Gullan (1992)</bibRefCitation>
that this species is not a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12F9BFC77FBBFD354" box="[1008,1140,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
and indeed probably does not belong the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12DD9FB93FDEBD370" box="[434,544,1053,1079]" family="Coccinae" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coccinae">Coccinae</taxonomicName>
!
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12E41FB90FD74D370" box="[554,703,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12E41FB90FD74D370" box="[554,703,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">P. dodonaeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an Australian endemic and is hard to place taxonomically at the present time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADC46A12CACFBEBFEADD2D8" blockId="243.[151,1437,152,1439]" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">
The taxonomy of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12DDBFBEBFDF9D338" box="[432,562,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
is in dire need of revision but currently contains between 18 and 20 genera, with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12D61FB07FE4BD3E4" box="[266,384,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12D61FB07FE4BD3E4" box="[266,384,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
alone currently including 143 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADC46A12F53FB07FBBBD3E4" author="Garcia Morales" box="[824,1136,1161,1187]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia Morales" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="ref201635" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2019) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: https: // data. nal. usda. gov / dataset / scalenet-scaleinsects-coccoidea-database (accessed 12 August 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12F99FB04FBEFD3E4" box="[1010,1060,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). T. Kondo and L.G. Cook (unpublished data based on a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12FB8FB23FBF2D380" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[979,1081,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
using DNA sequences based on 18S, 28S and partial CO1 data) and Hodgson and Hardy (unpublished data based on adult male morphology) found the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12CFCFB7BFED2D248" box="[151,281,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
to be non-monophyletic. Recently, Choi and Lee (2019) concluded that the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12839FB7BFB1FD248" box="[1106,1236,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
did not fall within the family
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12D66FA97FEB8D274" box="[269,371,1305,1331]" family="Coccinae" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" rank="family">Coccinae</taxonomicName>
and that it was non-monophyletic.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADC46A12E99FA97FC6CD274" author="Hodgson" box="[754,935,1305,1331]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="ref203534" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, in his review of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A128BCFA97FA8BD274" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[1239,1344,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
, divided the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12C9CFAB3FEB2D210" box="[247,377,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
into at least three, fairly distinct groups based on adult female morphology: (i) the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12894FAB3FA58D210" authorityName="Williams &amp; Watson" authorityYear="1990" box="[1279,1427,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Milviscutulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12894FAB3FA58D210" box="[1279,1427,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Milviscutulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group, (ii) the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12D58FAEFFE74D23C" authorityName="Borkhsenius" authorityYear="1953" box="[307,447,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinarisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12D58FAEFFE74D23C" box="[307,447,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Pulvinarisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, and (iii) the
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADC46A12EF0FAEFFCDAD23C" box="[667,785,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADC46A12EF0FAEFFCDAD23C" box="[667,785,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="244">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. These groups were also found in Kondo and Cook’s unpublished study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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