254 lines
33 KiB
XML
254 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="9526DD4FDFB9DB3D3EFDD8B58ED21760" ID-CLB-Dataset="22494" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8af5a092-f062-48c7-8d7c-f96ae6282bfa" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774174" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C442D94C-0EB4-4509-B762-913707214819" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588094957734" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris" docDate="2020" docId="03B2EA640AC246A22CFCF9E8FE91D210" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4765.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4765 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Luzulaspis caricis" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="241" masterDocId="FF8B921C0A2F46522C6BFF8EFFCBD747" masterDocTitle="A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="238" updateTime="1698837970293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8BC0650957B41D73C90A55DB721B90F9">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="93151C021EE4A447C1903327CF8240E4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D24121961545A62577294C213BDCB186">Hodgson, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3A8A14326131C718FAA4E7320D8945F2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="84069A49BCC1F006C948DA2E8628E199">
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<mods:title id="50803195FE7B53313B5D0205B52C3FB0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="26A6FB72561EEA91BD9F94DB34279290">
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<mods:date id="B0CCE4511C664E2009934CD34716CC03">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00F84C90EB43D8BEA1C365B43A3B6B36">2020-04-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C20B66E9B29A6D77B02C70A66EA945C4">4765</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="84AF348CAEDE5EDE6AB190D03FEB1EA7" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="8079B191FCF2CEBE4A9393FE7961DD9E" type="CLB-Dataset">22494</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1331658F6A4B7A9768C9CC276AB9DCFA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="14CE141DEC9478B0B6506D075CDA4796" type="GBIF-Dataset">8af5a092-f062-48c7-8d7c-f96ae6282bfa</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640AC246A22CFCF9E8FE91D210" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796849" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640AC246A22CFCF9E8FE91D210" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640AC246A22CFCF9E8FE91D210" lastPageId="240" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AC246BF2CFCF9E8FDA3D1C6" box="[151,616,1638,1665]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC246BF2CFCF9E8FDA3D1C6" blockId="237.[151,616,1638,1665]" box="[151,616,1638,1665]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<heading id="D0ECEC1E0AC246BF2CFCF9E8FDA3D1C6" bold="true" box="[151,616,1638,1665]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2CFCF9E8FDA3D1C6" bold="true" box="[151,616,1638,1665]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AC246BF2CFCF9E8FE32D1C6" ID-CoL="3WHM6" authority="(Ehrhorn)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrhorn" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,505,1638,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricis">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2CFCF9E8FEBAD1C6" bold="true" box="[151,369,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Luzulaspis caricis</emphasis>
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(Ehrhorn)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132047F70AC246BF2E61F9E9FDABD1C6" box="[522,608,1639,1665]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="238.[151,248,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,237,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@238.[178,1410,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="238" captionText="FIGURE 93. Luzulaspis caricis (Ehrhorn). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774364/files/figure.png" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AC246BF2CFCF93FFCB3D057" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC246BF2CFCF93FFE5BD1AB" blockId="237.[151,1436,1711,1808]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0AC246BF2CFCF93FFE5BD1AB" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AC246BF2CFCF93FFDFAD18F" box="[151,561,1711,1736]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AC246BF2CFCF93FFDFAD18F" ID-CoL="3DJHM" authority="Ehrhorn 1902" authorityName="Ehrhorn" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,561,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Exaeretopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricis">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2CFCF93FFEA9D18F" box="[151,354,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Exaeretopus caricis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AC246BF2D00F921FDFAD18F" author="Ehrhorn, E. M." box="[363,561,1711,1736]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" pagination="193 - 194" refId="ref200223" refString="Ehrhorn, E. M. (1902) A new coccid from California at a very high altitude. Canadian Entomologist, 34, 193 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 34193 - 8" type="journal article" year="1902">Ehrhorn 1902, 193</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Type data:
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2EDAF921FD2FD18F" bold="true" box="[689,740,1711,1736]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20AC246BF2EDAF921FD2FD18F" box="[689,740,1711,1736]" name="United States of America" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">USA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49DF95900AC246BF2E98F921FC97D18F" box="[755,860,1711,1736]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">California</collectingRegion>
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, Mt. Shasta, on
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AC246BF2863F93EFB57D18F" ID-CoL="R8F5" authorityName="Boott" authorityYear="1867" box="[1032,1180,1712,1736]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breweri">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2863F93EFB57D18F" box="[1032,1180,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Carex breweri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AC246BF28C0F93EFAC1D18F" box="[1195,1290,1712,1736]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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, female. Type depository: USNM.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC246BF2CFCF979FCB3D057" blockId="237.[151,1436,1711,1808]" box="[151,888,1783,1808]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0AC246BF2CFCF979FCB3D057" box="[151,888,1783,1808]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AC246BF2CFCF979FE77D057" ID-CoL="3WHM6" authority="(Ehrhorn)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrhorn" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,444,1783,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricis">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2CFCF979FE84D048" box="[151,335,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Luzulaspis caricis</emphasis>
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(Ehrhorn)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AC246BF2DADF979FDB2D048" box="[454,633,1783,1808]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AC246BF2DADF979FDB2D048" author="Koteja, J." box="[454,633,1783,1808]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" pagination="311 - 327" refId="ref206197" refString="Koteja, J. (1978) An introduction to the revision of the Eriopeltini Sulc (Homoptera, Coccidae), with establishment of two new genera. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 48, 311 - 327." type="journal article" year="1978">Koteja 1978, 323</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Change of combination.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AC246BF2CFCF8B3FCF6D03A" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC246BF2CFCF8B3FCF6D03A" blockId="237.[151,1437,1853,2026]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2CFCF8B3FE02D01F" bold="true" box="[151,457,1853,1880]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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Material examined:
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<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20AC246BF2DFAF8B3FE02D01F" box="[401,457,1853,1880]" name="United States of America" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">USA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49DF95900AC246BF2DB0F8B0FD84D01F" box="[475,591,1854,1880]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">California</collectingRegion>
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, Mt. Shasta (
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<quantity id="4CE3F6970AC246BF2E86F8B0FC90D01E" box="[749,859,1854,1881]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" unit="ft" value="10000.0">10,000 ft</quantity>
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), ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AC246BF2FFCF8B0FB14D01F" authorityName="Boott" authorityYear="1867" box="[919,1247,1854,1880]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breweri">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2FFCF8B0FBF7D01F" box="[919,1084,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Carex breweri</emphasis>
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(Cyperaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFA57DB20AC246BF2885F8B0FABCD01F" box="[1262,1399,1854,1880]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" value="2006-08-30">30.viii.2006</date>
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, T. Kondo (
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<collectionCode id="ED0AC3B70AC246BF2C99F8ECFE8CD03B" box="[242,327,1890,1916]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED0AC3B70AC246BF2D38F8EDFE66D03A" box="[339,429,1891,1917]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">BMNH</collectionCode>
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): 4/8ad
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<specimenCount id="9D1D90FB0AC246BF2E6FF8EDFDE5D03A" box="[516,558,1891,1917]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
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+ a pupa (mainly good).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AC246A22CACF808FCAED4E0" lastPageId="240" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC246BF2CACF808FA57D0AE" blockId="237.[151,1437,1853,2026]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC246BF2CACF808FE62D0E7" bold="true" box="[199,425,1925,1952]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Mounted material.</emphasis>
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Of moderate size, 1150–1250 μm long, width across triangular plates (tp) 270–280 μm; body slender; antennae about 3/4 total length of body; body with relatively few setae, mostly fleshy setae (fs), hair-like setae (hs) present but few; fs also most abundant
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<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AC246BF2F4CF841FC9CD0AE" box="[807,855,1999,2025]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
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of seta on limbs; fs fairly easily differentiated from
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC146BC2CFCFF17FB5AD790" blockId="238.[151,1436,153,216]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">hair-like setae. Head strongly reticulated, each reticulation without inner microridges. Pores (other than those in glandular pouches) absent. Wings slightly shorter than total body length and rather narrow.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF640BFA0AC146BC2CFCF820FEB6D0AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774364/files/figure.png" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" startId="238.[151,248,1966,1991]" targetBox="[178,1410,237,1940]" targetPageId="238">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC146BC2CFCF820FEB6D0AC" blockId="238.[151,1436,1966,2027]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC146BC2CFCF820FED5D080" bold="true" box="[151,286,1966,1991]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">FIGURE 93.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AC146BC2D48F820FD8AD080" authority="(Ehrhorn)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrhorn" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[291,577,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricis">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC146BC2D48F820FE1DD081" box="[291,470,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Luzulaspis caricis</emphasis>
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(Ehrhorn)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Macropterous male. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AC146BC2F48F820FC4CD080" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[803,903,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
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). Where A=cranial apophysis, and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC046BD2CACFF17FD5AD578" blockId="239.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2CACFF17FEC5D7F4" bold="true" box="[199,270,153,179]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Head.</emphasis>
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About 250 μm long; width across genae 290–300 μm. Median crest (mc) strongly reticulated dorsally, broadening posteriorly; dorsal head setae (dhs): 2 or 3 fs + 2–4 hs on each side. Dorsal mid-cranial ridge absent; ventral mid-cranial ridge (vmcr) present, short, extending to ocular sclerite (ocs), vmcr with a pair of short lateral arms (lmcr) at anterior end; with 0–3 fs ventral median ridge setae (vmcrs) on each side. Genae (g) strongly reticulated, each with 3 or 4 fs + 0 or 1 hs genal setae (gs). Eyes: with two pairs of simple eyes, subequal in size, each 26–29 μm wide; anterior pair dorsad to scape, posterior pair near posterior margin of head. Ocelli (o) distinct, each 15–17 μm wide. Ocular sclerite (ocs) strongly reticulated. Preocular ridge short or absent dorsally; fairly short ventrally, only extending about halfway to ventral mid-cranial ridge. Postocular ridge (procr) strongly developed, extending almost to median crest dorsally; not touching ocelli; with a strong interocular ridge (ior). Dorsal ocular setae (docs): 1 or 2 on each side. With 6–8 fs + 0–2 hs ventral head setae (vhs) on each side, distributed anterior, laterad and between vse. Tentorial bridge (tb) well developed. Cranial apophysis (ca) well developed, more or less with a pointed apex, perhaps 35–45 μm long.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC046BD2CACFDC6FB1DD418" blockId="239.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2CACFDC6FEF1D524" bold="true" box="[199,314,584,611]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Antennae</emphasis>
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: 10-segmented, filiform. Each scape 860–1225 μm long (several malformed), subequal to body length; scape (scp) 40–50 μm long, 45 μm wide, with one hs on ventral surface and 2 hs near antero-dorsal mar- gin; pedicel (pdc) 50–54 μm long, 32–34 μm wide, polygonally reticulated on distal half; with 4 fs, all ventral, + 1 campaniform pore. Segments III–X rather narrow, width about 25 μm; lengths of segments (μm): III 91–100; IV 145–150; V 135–150; VI 100–105; VII 90–95; VIII 75–80; IX 70–75 and X 50–55; setae: fs each about 33 μm long, hs absent; approximate number per segment: III: 0–5 fs
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2F7BFD73FCEBD450" bold="true" box="[784,800,765,791]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">+</emphasis>
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1–3 sensilla basiconica; IV 17–21 fs; V 20–25 fs; VI 13 fs; VII 10–12 fs; VIII 10–16 fs; IX 10–13 fs; X 80–82 μm long, with 11–12 fs + 3 capitate setae (caps); antennal bristles hard to differentiate; segment X not constricted apically; one sensilla basiconica on apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC046BD2CACFCE7FCCCD370" blockId="239.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2CACFCE7FEEBD4C4" bold="true" box="[199,288,873,899]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2D45FCE7FE63D4C4" bold="true" box="[302,424,873,899]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotal ridge (prnr) strong but not fused medially; pronotal sclerite (prn) well developed; post-tergite probably present, small and mildly sclerotised, without lateral pronotal setae. Prosternum (stn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD293BFC10FA93D4EB" attach="left" box="[1360,1368,926,940]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">1</subScript>
|
||
) with a strong transverse ridge, each with a small apophysis; median ridge short, but with some lateral, non-reticulated, sclerotisation; with at least 3 or 4 fs pronotal setae on each side; anteprosternal setae (astn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2814FC68FB4CD4B3" attach="both" box="[1151,1159,998,1012]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">1</subScript>
|
||
s): 4 or 5 fs on each side. Proepisternum + cervical sclerite (pepcv) well developed; propleural ridge (plr
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD287AFB84FBD2D35F" attach="left" box="[1041,1049,1034,1048]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">1</subScript>
|
||
) quite large; propleural apophysis (pla
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2CA8FBA0FF00D37B" attach="left" box="[195,203,1070,1084]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">1</subScript>
|
||
) well developed. Antemesospiracular setae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC046BD2CACFBCFFBB2D168" blockId="239.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2CACFBCFFE9DD31C" bold="true" box="[199,342,1089,1115]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Mesothorax</emphasis>
|
||
: prescutum (prsc) large, about twice as wide as long, length 65–75 μm, width 105–120 μm; with faint reticulations or nodulations; probably rather convex in life; prescutal setae absent; prescutal ridge (pscr) and prescutal sclerite (pscs) well developed. Prealare (pra) and triangular plate (tp) well developed. Scutum (sct): median membranous area large, about twice as wide as long, length 55–70 μm, width 100–115 μm, with 1 or 2 pairs hs scutal setae (scts); scutum laterally without scutal setae, showing a few faint nodulations laterad to scutellum; prealar ridge (prar) distinct, terminating in a well-developed anterior notal wing process (anp). Scutellum (scl) rectangular and tubular, with a small foramen, length 40–45 μm, width 115–130 μm; without scutellar setae. Mesopostnotum (pn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2CD6FAC0FF0ED21B" attach="left" box="[189,197,1358,1372]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">2</subScript>
|
||
) normal; postnotal apophysis (pna) well developed; area within mesopostnotum membranous. Mesepisternum (eps
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2CADFAFCFF05D2C7" attach="left" box="[198,206,1394,1408]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">2</subScript>
|
||
) well developed, without ridges or reticulations. Basisternum (stn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2FD6FAFCFC0ED2C7" attach="left" box="[957,965,1394,1408]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">2</subScript>
|
||
): length 90–110 μm, width 190–210 μm; median ridge (mdr) strong but not complete anteriorly; bounded by strong marginal (mr) and precoxal (pcr
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2953FA18FA8BD2E3" attach="left" box="[1336,1344,1430,1444]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">2</subScript>
|
||
) ridges; without basisternal setae; lateropleurite (lpl) large, with a short extension from marginal ridge along anterior border; furca (f) waisted, with long furcal arms extending about 2/3rds to marginal ridge (mr). Postalare (pa) well developed; postalare setae absent. Mesothoracic spiracle (sp
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2E9EF98CFD36D157" attach="left" box="[757,765,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">2</subScript>
|
||
) about 17 μm wide. Postmesospiracular setae absent. Tegula (teg): well developed, with 1–3 hs tegular setae (tegs). Wing sclerites apparently normal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC046BD2CACF9B7FE55D040" blockId="239.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2CACF9B7FE9ED114" bold="true" box="[199,341,1593,1619]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Metathorax</emphasis>
|
||
: metapostnotum (pn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2E50F9C4FD88D11F" attach="left" box="[571,579,1610,1624]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
) present, small; with 1 pair of hs metatergal seta (mts). Dorsospiracular setae (dss) absent. Metapleural ridge (plr
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2E4BF9E0FDE3D13B" attach="left" box="[544,552,1646,1660]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
) short, absent dorsally. Metepisternum (eps
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD287AF9E0FBD2D13B" attach="left" box="[1041,1049,1646,1660]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
) generally unsclerotised, with 4–7 fs + 0 or 1 hs postmetaspiracular setae (eps
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2E1CF91CFDB4D1E7" attach="right" box="[631,639,1682,1696]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
s). Metepimeron (epm
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2F17F91CFC4FD1E7" attach="left" box="[892,900,1682,1696]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
) short, without setae. Antemetaspiracular setae absent. Metathoracic spiracle (sp
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2E7BF938FDD3D183" attach="right" box="[528,536,1718,1732]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
): peritreme about 17 μm wide. Metasternum (stn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2822F938FB9AD183" attach="left" box="[1097,1105,1718,1732]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
) lightly sclerotised. Anterior metasternal setae (amss): 15–25 fs; posterior metasternal setae (pmss): 10–15 fs. All structures associated with hamulohalteres absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC046BD2CACF89EFBD8D008" blockId="239.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2CACF89EFED8D06C" bold="true" box="[199,275,1808,1835]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: rather narrow, length 1000–1150 μm long, width 350–375 μm (ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.9). Without alar lobes, alar setae or alar sensilla. Hamulohalteres (h) absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AC046A22CACF8D7FEAAD620" blockId="239.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="240.[151,1437,152,1367]" lastPageId="240" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AC046BD2CACF8D7FF34D034" bold="true" box="[199,255,1881,1907]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: metathoracic legs marginally longest. Fairly setose, mainly with fs or spur-like setae. Coxae (cx) lengths (μm): I 100; II 93–100; III 95–100; procoxae without coxal bristles; metacoxae (cx
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AC046BD2839F800FB91D0DB" attach="left" box="[1106,1114,1934,1948]" fontSize="6" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">3</subScript>
|
||
) with 14 or 15 fs + 4–8 hs; apical seta 50–65 μm long. Lengths (μm): trochanter (tr) + femur (f) I 198–220; II 195–210; III 190–215; each tro- chanter with oval campaniform pores in a line on each side; trochanter III with about 7 fs + 3–5 hs; long trochanter seta 60–70 μm long; each femur III with 11–30 fs + 8–15 hs. Tibia (ti) I 220–250; II 235–260; III 245–260; tibia III with many setae, mostly spur-like on distal half; tibial spur (tibs) 20–26 μm long. Tarsi (ta) lengths (μm): I 80–95; II 70–100; III 80–100; tarsus III with mostly spur-like setae; tarsal spurs (tabs) barely differentiated, each about 25 μm long; tarsal campaniform pore (tcp) absent; tarsal digitules (tdt) longer than claw, capitate. Claws (c) 25–32 μm long, longer than width of tarsi, slightly curved, rarely with a minute denticle; claw digitules (cdt) a little longer than claw and capitate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CACFEFEFAE6D588" blockId="240.[151,1437,152,1367]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CACFEFEFE88D6CC" bold="true" box="[199,323,368,395]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Segments I–VIII: sternites (as) well developed on all segments, tergites (at) less sclerotised; pleurites present only on caudal extensions of segments VII and VIII; sternites of segments II, III and IV each with a large membranous area in posterior intersegmental membrane. Dorsal abdominal setae (ads) few, segment I–VI each with 1–6 fs + 0 or 1 hs on each side; segment VII with 1 hs and segment VIII without ads. Ventral abdominal setae (avs) slightly more abundant, each segment with 2–7 fs + 0 or 1 hs on each side. Dorsal pleural setae (dps) few, with 1 or 2 fs + 0 or 1 hs on segment V & VI and probably VII; ventral pleural setae (vps) unclear but perhaps with 0–2 hs on segments V and VI, and 10–15 fs on caudal extension VII. Segment VIII: tergite (at) only lightly sclerotised; caudal extension small but distinct, sclerotised, pointing laterally, with 3 hs on base on dorsal surface; with 2 pairs of fs ante-anal setae. Sternite VIII sclerotised, forming anterior border of basal membranous area (bma); without setae. Glandular pouch (gp) present and deep; glandular pouch setae (gls) each 95–100 μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CACFD56FCAED4E0" blockId="240.[151,1437,152,1367]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CACFD56FE5FD5B4" bold="true" box="[199,404,728,755]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Genital segments</emphasis>
|
||
: segment IX and style intimately fused; penial sheath (ps) stout, about 200 μm long and 70 μm wide at base; rather parallel-sided, gradually tapering to a blunt apex. Anus (an) with a sclerotised dorsal mar- gin; about 17 μm wide. Basal rod (bra) long, significantly longer than aedeagus, length 75 μm, not nearly reaching basal membranous area (bma) anteriorly; without an extension posteriorly down aedeagus. Aedeagus (aed) short and broad, length 35 μm; approximately parallel-sided; not nearly reaching apex of penial sheath. Style with 6 or 7 minute setae on each side and a group of sensory pores on apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90ADF46A22CACFC3EFE91D210" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CACFC3EFB9DD3C7" blockId="240.[151,1437,152,1367]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CACFC3EFE8FD48C" bold="true" box="[199,324,944,971]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Comment.</emphasis>
|
||
The adult male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22E71FC3CFD4FD48C" baseAuthorityName="Ehrhorn" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[538,644,946,971]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22E71FC3CFD4FD48C" box="[538,644,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">L. caricis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22FD6FC3CFB5DD48B" authority="(Dufour)" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[957,1174,945,972]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22FD6FC3CFBE7D48C" box="[957,1068,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">L. luzulae</emphasis>
|
||
(Dufour)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A2295FFC3FFF3BD4B7" author="Giliomee" firstAuthor="Giliomee" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref201785" refString="Giliomee, J. H. (1967 a) Morphology and taxonomy of adult males of the family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 7, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">Giliomee (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but differs as follows (character-states for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22E8AFC58FC9AD4A8" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[737,849,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22E8AFC58FC9AD4A8" box="[737,849,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">L. luzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets): (i) dorsal ocular setae and genal setae present (absent); (ii) with rather more dorsal abdominal setae and ventral abdominal setae (sometimes absent on dorsum and fewer on venter); (iv) presence of glandular pouches and glandular pouch setae (both absent); (v) shape of caudal extension on abdominal segment VIII, strongly sclerotised and pointing more or less laterally (weak and membranous); and (vi) basal rod distinctly longer than aedeagus (subequal in length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720ADF46A22CACFB07FE91D210" blockId="240.[151,1437,152,1367]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22CACFB07FEF7D3E4" box="[199,316,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CACFB07FEF7D3E4" box="[199,316,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Luzulaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been previously included in the Eriopeltinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830ADF46A22F32FB07FBCED3E4" author="Hodgson" box="[857,1029,1161,1187]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref203534" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hodgson, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), one of two subfamilies that produce a woolly test and an ovisac which envelopes part or all of the adult female. The other subfamily is the Filippiinae. T. Kondo and L.G. Cook (unpublished data based on a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A2289AFB5FFA9CD3AC" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[1265,1367,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
using DNA sequences based on 18S, 28S and partial CO1 data) only included one species currently in the Eriopeltinae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10ADF46A22CFCFA97FE1AD273" authority="(Ehrhorn)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrhorn" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,465,1305,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600ADF46A22CFCFA97FE95D274" box="[151,350,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Luzulaspis caricis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrhorn)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this was sister to the Ceroplastinae and only distantly related to the species included in the Filippiinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |