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<document id="F89C45CB1264DB86936DB820695AB947" ID-CLB-Dataset="53579" ID-DOI="10.5324/cjcr.v0i31.2865" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8fb33e65-62d3-44f1-8b4a-63986bba9bd3" ID-ISSN="2387-5372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7995155" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1685469919261" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Egan, Alexander T. &amp; Langton, Peter H." docDate="2018" docId="03983773FF973236FCF1F9A8FC07FA54" docLanguage="en" docName="ChiroJChiroRes.31.30-36.pdf" docOrigin="CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 31" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B21B57A70ED88EDAB7971C4BDED0DA62.1:ChiroJChiroRes.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="B21B57A70ED88EDAB7971C4BDED0DA62" docStyleName="ChiroJChiroRes.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Procladius (Holotanypus) denticulatus Sublette 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFA14F0BFF933233FFC9FFBAFFC4FF90" masterDocTitle="DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEARCTIC PROCLADIUS SKUSE PUPAL EXUVIAE Abstract" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="30" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1685630606243" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3144B5DBAEB05AEF9F89A248FDDE6BA2">DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEARCTIC PROCLADIUS SKUSE PUPAL EXUVIAE Abstract</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B578DCC0B0FA9D779DD50FF09698961C">Egan, Alexander T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="15068BE4B4AF11668A03D6941F8C3317">National Park Service - Great Lakes Inventory &amp; Monitoring Network 2800 Lakeshore Drive East Ashland, WI 54806, USA E-mail: alex _ egan @ nps. gov</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="404153F94A2FF75B170A2E70E3BFD097">Langton, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="27FEC414E0E9E88EEEDC6B9B4663F8C2">Cambridge University Museum of Zoology Downing Street, Cambridge, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E551BC8D38E3AFB23C66B3A262928AD3">CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4142E68254800C5AD9AFCB20E9CC25FA">2018</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C32BD5EEFF973237FCF1F9A8FA81F9BA" box="[824,1349,1554,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF973237FCF1F9A8FA81F9BA" blockId="4.[824,1349,1554,1578]" box="[824,1349,1554,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0C63109FF973237FCF1F9A8FA81F9BA" bold="true" box="[824,1349,1554,1578]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF973237FCF1F9A8FA81F9BA" ID-CoL="8DGS9" ID-ENA="1673608" authority="Sublette" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1964" box="[824,1349,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus" subGenus="Holotanypus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FCF1F9A8FA81F9BA" bold="true" box="[824,1349,1554,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FCF1F9A8FC6BF9BA" bold="true" box="[824,943,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Procladius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FC77F9A8FB8FF9BA" bold="true" box="[958,1099,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Holotanypus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FB93F9A8FB25F9BA" bold="true" box="[1114,1249,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">denticulatus</emphasis>
Sublette
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BD5EEFF973236FCF1F9FBFE66FAE5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF973237FCF1F9FBFC41F909" blockId="4.[824,1361,1601,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FCF1F9FBFBD5F9C9" bold="true" box="[824,1041,1601,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F326C6F5FF973237FBD6F9F8FB9CF9CA" box="[1055,1112,1602,1626]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F54887FF973237FBAAF9F8FAD1F9C9" box="[1123,1301,1601,1625]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
, Mirror Lake, 14-24-VI-74, reared male, col. Rhoda Walter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF973237FCF1F90BFB78F958" blockId="4.[824,1212,1712,1737]" box="[824,1212,1712,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FCF1F90BFCB7F959" bold="true" box="[824,883,1713,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Pupa</emphasis>
(n = 1). Total length
<quantity id="4CC92B80FF973237FB9FF90AFB7CF958" box="[1110,1208,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="5.45">5.45 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF973237FCF1F95AFAE7F828" blockId="4.[824,1361,1760,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FCF1F95AFC1CF968" box="[824,984,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
. Thoracic horn 420-430 µm long; 100-110 µm wide; with teeth; atrial wall with weak reticulation; plastron plate length 50 µm, width 90 µm; apical constriction of horn chamber 62 µm wide; length/width of horn 3.9-4.2; width of plastron plate/width of horn 0.82; width of plastron plate/width of constriction 1.45 (
<figureCitation id="130A9AE0FF973237FB0EF81AFAD3F828" box="[1223,1303,1952,1976]" captionStart="Figures 12-14" captionStartId="5.[227,299,872,894]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,227,780]" captionTargetId="figure-511@5.[227,797,227,780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 12-14. Procladius denticulatus. 12, thoracic horn (Scale = 0.1 mm); 13, tergite IV medial shagreen (Scale = 0.025 mm); 14, segment VIII and anal lobe (Scale = 0.1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7995171/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF973236FCF1F875FE66FAE5" blockId="4.[824,1361,1999,2023]" lastBlockId="5.[227,764,1021,1397]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF973237FCF1F875FC59F877" box="[824,925,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergites with color pattern 3, minimal contrast. Shagreen of
<collectionCode id="ED201EA0FF963236FE13FC47FE2EFB84" box="[474,490,1021,1044]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">T</collectionCode>
IV medially with small points (1-2 µm,
<figureCitation id="130A9AE0FF963236FE52FBA7FE2FFBA5" box="[411,491,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figures 12-14" captionStartId="5.[227,299,872,894]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,227,780]" captionTargetId="figure-511@5.[227,797,227,780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 12-14. Procladius denticulatus. 12, thoracic horn (Scale = 0.1 mm); 13, tergite IV medial shagreen (Scale = 0.025 mm); 14, segment VIII and anal lobe (Scale = 0.1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7995171/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) often arranged in short rows and smaller than median points on
<collectionCode id="ED201EA0FF963236FD7AFB87FD07FBC4" box="[691,707,1085,1108]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">T</collectionCode>
VIII (3-4 µm).
<collectionCode id="ED201EA0FF963236FE91FBE7FEB3FBE5" box="[344,375,1117,1141]" country="United Kingdom" name="Linnean Society of London" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">LS</collectionCode>
taeniae of VII at 0.62, 0.81, 0.93, 0.98 segment length.
<collectionCode id="ED201EA0FF963236FE1BFBC7FE35FB05" box="[466,497,1149,1173]" country="United Kingdom" name="Linnean Society of London" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">LS</collectionCode>
taeniae of VIII at 0.30, 0.50, 0.67, 0.83, 0.93 segment length. Anal lobe length 530 µm; 29 spines on outer margin; largest spines (33-37 µm) posterolateral with gaps wider than the base of the spines; anterior and apical spines smaller (as small as 5 µm), more closely set, with one apical spine on a small protuberance apically (
<figureCitation id="130A9AE0FF963236FE8FFAE7FE52FAE5" box="[326,406,1373,1397]" captionStart="Figures 12-14" captionStartId="5.[227,299,872,894]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,227,780]" captionTargetId="figure-511@5.[227,797,227,780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 12-14. Procladius denticulatus. 12, thoracic horn (Scale = 0.1 mm); 13, tergite IV medial shagreen (Scale = 0.025 mm); 14, segment VIII and anal lobe (Scale = 0.1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7995171/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4ED6EDFF963236FF2AFCD2FED3FC44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7995171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7995171/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" startId="5.[227,299,872,894]" targetBox="[227,1360,227,780]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF963236FF2AFCD2FED3FC44" blockId="5.[227,783,872,980]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
Figures 12-14.
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FEBCFCD2FD9CFCED" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1964" box="[373,600,872,893]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FEBCFCD2FD9CFCED" box="[373,600,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Procladius denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 12, thoracic horn (Scale = 0.1 mm); 13, tergite IV medial shagreen (Scale = 0.025 mm); 14, segment VIII and anal lobe (Scale = 0.1 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32BD5EEFF963236FF2AFA36FC07FA54" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF963236FF2AFA36FD34F854" blockId="5.[227,764,1420,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FF2AFA36FE8FFA34" bold="true" box="[227,331,1420,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Remarks</emphasis>
. Separating this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FD52FA37FEC6FA54" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FD52FA37FEC6FA54" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has been suggested as a possible senior synonym (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA0FB94FF963236FE9AFA76FE21FA74" author="Roback, S. S." box="[339,485,1484,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref4093" refString="Roback, S. S. 1971. The adults of the subfamily Tanypodinae (= Pelopiinae) in North America (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17: 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="1971">Roback 1971</bibRefCitation>
), is difficult since the two species are exceedingly alike. Including an additional
<specimenCount id="9D374DECFF963236FEECF9B6FE0BF9B4" box="[293,463,1548,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
(collected by W. P. Coffman and D. Oliver) to the one described here, we observe that on the whole
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FE22F9F7FD4DF9F4" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1964" box="[491,649,1612,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FE22F9F7FD4DF9F4" box="[491,649,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller (ThL 400-430 µm), whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FDEAF9D7FD5DF914" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[547,665,1645,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FDEAF9D7FD5DF914" box="[547,665,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger (ThL 480-624 µm, mean = 546, n = 13).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA0FB94FF963236FD63F936FEEEF954" author="Roback, S. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref4136" refString="Roback, S. S. 1980. The immature chironomids of the Eastern United States IV. Tanypodinae- Procladiini. - Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 132: 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1980">Roback (1980)</bibRefCitation>
gives the range for
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FDC0F917FD63F954" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1964" box="[521,679,1708,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FDC0F917FD63F954" box="[521,679,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ThL as 370-540 µm (mean = 468) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA0FB94FF963236FD80F976FD21F974" author="Saether, O. A." box="[585,741,1740,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" pagination="34 - 58" refId="ref4237" refString="Saether, O. A. 2010. Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Zootaxa 2726: 34 - 58." type="journal article" year="2010">Saether (2010)</bibRefCitation>
a ThL range of 393-577 µm (mean = 469), so there is overlap. However, the means are well separated so ThL should be a useful feature unless a specimen falls into the intermediate range and geographic provenance is unknown. Size may be useful for total exuviae length as well, with a range of
<quantity id="4CC92B80FF963236FD79F836FEC8F853" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="7.1" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.7">5.7-8.5 mm</quantity>
(mean = 6.6) for
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FE00F817FD28F854" authority="(Langton 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Langton" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[457,748,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FE00F817FDF8F854" box="[457,572,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. signatus</emphasis>
(Langton 1991)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF963236FCF1FC47FACEFAE5" blockId="5.[824,1362,1021,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
In addition, points on tergite IV are smaller on
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FAF4FC44FC7EFBA5" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FAF4FC44FC7EFBA5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1-2 µm), which are smaller than on tergite VIII (3-4 µm), whereas points on the two tergites for
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FC71FBE4FBEAFBE5" baseAuthorityName="Langton" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[952,1070,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FC71FBE4FBEAFBE5" box="[952,1070,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are of similar size (4 µm, Langton 1991). This feature is independent of exuviae size. A final structural difference that may hold for
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FC5CFB04FBCDFB45" baseAuthorityName="Langton" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[917,1033,1214,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FC5CFB04FBCDFB45" box="[917,1033,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that the strong points of the thoracic horn wall continue over the shoulder, where the horn constricts apically, and onto the hood, the apical region containing the plastron plate (
<figureCitation id="130A9AE0FF963236FCB4FA87FC0AFAC5" box="[893,974,1341,1365]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="6.[227,290,779,801]" captionTargetBox="[286,695,274,764]" captionTargetId="figure-143@6.[265,725,227,764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 15. Procladius signatus, apex of thoracic horn." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7995173/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FBA1FA84FAC2FAC5" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1964" box="[1128,1286,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FBA1FA84FAC2FAC5" box="[1128,1286,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
points on the hood are reduced in size and density.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E8665FF963236FCF1FA36FC07FA54" blockId="5.[824,1360,1420,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C31FDE6FF963236FCF1FA36FBF7FA34" authorityName="Sublette" authorityYear="1964" box="[824,1075,1420,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B9455A77FF963236FCF1FA36FBF7FA34" box="[824,1075,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Procladius denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in the northern Nearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>