396 lines
52 KiB
XML
396 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="EDDCCF0E4C3BFF783C2B20C6B6120CF3" ID-CLB-Dataset="154476" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5190.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf80b52c-9465-44a3-a616-567f71418e3c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120201" ID-ZooBank="F5B7642B-1EB8-41BB-BA51-BB5919EFA907" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664372590991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander & Beamer, David A." docDate="2022" docId="039087A5C5193F4AC4BA191F72C40EB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5190.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5190 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Desmognathus perlapsus Neill 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FFA9FFDDC50A3F5DC42D1C4171160B2B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the Ocoee Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus ocoee), with description of two new species from the southern Blue Ridge Mountains" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="207" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1699384892868" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="B62836CB829F185BA82C1FD65FD719DE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5D39D25A0FB20C89797B0CB1E35F8BA0">
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<mods:title id="D78F40746996E11F4D370AD9B08862EF">Systematics of the Ocoee Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus ocoee), with description of two new species from the southern Blue Ridge Mountains</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B2574F4E3715D5DDDB37AE37066C9609" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC5F29EBB5FD0CFFEFA11D5F866A2CE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="13F6BA0DEAD539E59227309445A2C636">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C80941E05F9ADA6CFF15CDE0F903CA84" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2524-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D7901A9F42AC844A9C80369DEDDCBA41">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 rpyron @ colubroid. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2524 - 1794 & Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="334FE96ED8FF918A6B0F1D8262E39B04" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="71B3E7602591947BC68E6B82FDDE5A32">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B22405A429EA80410657C2742509EBE2" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0796-274X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="157662C3A2C57CC0F2679057CD393D4A">Department of Natural Science, Nash Community College, 522 N. Old Carriage Road, Rocky Mount, NC 27804 dabeamer 973 @ nashcc. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0796 - 274 X & Amphibian Foundation, 4055 Roswell Rd NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30342</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="520624D0DB9E2ABCA3B8FDFB5166877C" type="email">dabeamer973@nashcc.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9024230891B64218CF76E5079C418E3C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D76BDB32C22C1CA9810B04105A624A5B">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6087C4B5F772DD75B660959D1F1589EC">2022-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0A373CC896951E0EBB070E8A3659A00A">5190</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039087A5C5193F4AC4BA191F72C40EB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7128866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="201137887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7128866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087A5C5193F4AC4BA191F72C40EB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087A5C5193F4AC4BA191F72C40EB6" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<subSubSection id="C3236538C5193F4EC4BA191F73450E53" box="[151,595,1374,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5193F4EC4BA191F73450E53" blockId="19.[151,595,1374,1401]" box="[151,595,1374,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<heading id="D0CE81DFC5193F4EC4BA191F73450E53" bold="true" box="[151,595,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5193F4EC4BA191F73450E53" ID-CoL="353MX" ID-ENA="3018294" authority="Neill, 1950" authorityName="Neill" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,595,1374,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perlapsus">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC4BA191F73450E53" bold="true" box="[151,595,1374,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC4BA191F70D10E52" bold="true" box="[151,455,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">Desmognathus perlapsus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC5E2191F73450E53" author="Neill, W. T." box="[463,595,1374,1400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" refId="ref15662" refString="Neill, W. T. (1950) A new species of salamander, genus Desmognathus, from Georgia. Research Division, Ross Allen's Reptile Institute, Silver Springs, Florida, 6 pp." type="book" year="1950">Neill, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3236538C5193F4EC4BA19E1755B0DB9" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5193F4EC4BA19E172EB0D45" blockId="19.[151,1437,1440,2043]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC4BA19E1701B0E91" bold="true" box="[151,269,1440,1466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<typeStatus id="54828811C5193F4EC4BA19E1701E0E91" box="[151,264,1440,1466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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ERA-WTN 14150 (
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<figureCitation id="13022A36C5193F4EC5D319E173500E91" box="[510,582,1440,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[185,1402,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Illustrated holotype (ERA-WTN 14150) of Desmognathus perlapsus Neill, 1950 from a “rocky outcropping on the western wall of Tallulah Gorge, near the town of Tallulah Falls, Rabun [actually Habersham] County, Georgia.” The specimen, an adult male 38.6mm SVL, is not currently known to exist but may be in the FLMNH. Reprinted from the original description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120207/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), collected
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<date id="FF871073C5193F4EC6E219E1726D0E90" box="[719,891,1440,1467]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" value="1950-08-04">4 August 1950</date>
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by Wilfred
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<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5193F4EC02019E075090E90" box="[1037,1055,1441,1467]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">T</collectionCode>
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. Neill, type locality on a “rocky outcropping on the western wall of Tallulah Gorge, near the town of Tallulah Falls, Rabun County,
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<collectingCountry id="F32E7623C5193F4EC0D11985744A0EF5" box="[1276,1372,1476,1502]" name="Georgia" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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.” The locality described is southeast of Tallulah Falls in Habersham County (Huheey
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC00119A875540D29" box="[1068,1090,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC06619A975EC0D29" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[1099,1274,1512,1538]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" refId="ref17066" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1964) Desmognathus ocoee. In: Reimer, W. J. (Ed.), Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Vol. 7. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Kensington, pp. 1 - 2." type="book" year="1964">Valentine 1964</bibRefCitation>
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), approximate coordinates
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5074C5193F4EC50E1A4D70650D0D" box="[291,371,1548,1574]" degrees="34.730" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" precision="55" value="34.73">34.730</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5074C5193F4EC5AC1A4D70CD0D0C" box="[385,475,1548,1575]" degrees="83.385" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" precision="55" value="-83.385">-83.385</geoCoordinate>
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. Type specimen not known to exist;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC7A71A4D75010D0C" author="Neill, W. T." box="[906,1047,1548,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" refId="ref15662" refString="Neill, W. T. (1950) A new species of salamander, genus Desmognathus, from Georgia. Research Division, Ross Allen's Reptile Institute, Silver Springs, Florida, 6 pp." type="book" year="1950">Neill (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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included a note that it was to be deposited in the
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<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5193F4EC5771A7070A90D60" box="[346,447,1585,1611]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
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, but it was not listed by Christman
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC74A1A70726B0D61" box="[871,893,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">in</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC7AA1A71753D0D61" author="Gilbert, C. R." box="[903,1067,1584,1610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" pagination="101 - 120" refId="ref14223" refString="Gilbert, C. R. (1974) Catalogue of type specimens in the Department of Natural Sciences, Florida State Museum. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, 18, 101 - 120." type="journal article" year="1974">Gilbert (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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or among the current holdings. Because the identity of the taxon is not in dispute, a
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<typeStatus id="54828811C5193F4EC6CF1A14722D0D44" box="[738,827,1621,1647]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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is not warranted.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5193F4EC4EA1A39755B0DB9" blockId="19.[151,1437,1440,2043]" box="[199,1101,1656,1683]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<materialsCitation id="3B513CEEC5193F4EC4EA1A39755F0DB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3914274302" box="[199,1097,1656,1683]" location="Not" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC4EA1A39705E0DB9" bold="true" box="[199,328,1656,1682]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<typeStatus id="54828811C5193F4EC4EA1A3970550DB9" box="[199,323,1656,1682]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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ERA-WTN 14151–66, from the type collection.
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<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C5193F4EC75D1A38728C0DB8" box="[880,922,1657,1683]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">Not</collectingRegion>
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known to exist
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3236538C5193F4AC4EA1ADD72780BD2" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5193F4AC4EA1ADD72780BD2" blockId="19.[151,1437,1440,2043]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC4EA1ADD704D0D9D" bold="true" box="[199,347,1692,1718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">Description:</emphasis>
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After
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC58F1ADD733D0D9C" author="Neill, W. T." box="[418,555,1692,1719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" refId="ref15662" refString="Neill, W. T. (1950) A new species of salamander, genus Desmognathus, from Georgia. Research Division, Ross Allen's Reptile Institute, Silver Springs, Florida, 6 pp." type="book" year="1950">Neill (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC64C1ADD72090D9D" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[609,799,1692,1718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" pagination="315 - 322" refId="ref17026" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1961) Variation and distribution of Desmognathus ocoee Nicholls (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Copeia, 1961, 315 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1439806" type="journal article" year="1961">Valentine (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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, a robustly proportioned salamander with a round tail (or weakly keeled on the distal portion), four pairs of dorsal spots, and a well-defined color-pattern with wide black margins around the larval spots, white flecking on the upper surfaces, and whitish mottling on the sides and venter, putatively diagnosable from
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5193F4EC5F21B4973D90C09" box="[479,719,1800,1826]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC5F21B4973D90C09" box="[479,719,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">Desmognathus ocoee</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by larger adult body size (~
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<quantity id="4CC19B56C5193F4EC03E1B49759E0C08" box="[1043,1160,1800,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="22.0">22–56mm</quantity>
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SVL;
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5193F4EC0FA1B4874170C09" box="[1239,1281,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="226">n =</emphasis>
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77), a longer and wider head, shorter limbs, vomerine teeth present in adult males, long slender parasphenoid tooth-patches, lessdefined dorsal color-pattern, and 4 vs. 5–6 pairs of spots between the axilla and groin. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC0CD1B11748A0C41" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[1248,1436,1872,1898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" pagination="315 - 322" refId="ref17026" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1961) Variation and distribution of Desmognathus ocoee Nicholls (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Copeia, 1961, 315 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1439806" type="journal article" year="1961">Valentine (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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questioned the diagnostic utility of these characters; for instance, many specimens have 5–6 pairs of larval spots, and the size ranges overlap substantially. Additional work is needed to establish the morphometric description of this taxon. Some populations in the Cowee Mountains and Highlands Plateau also occasionally exhibit red, orange, or yellow cheek patches (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC5831BA1735A0CD1" author="Brimley, C. S." box="[430,588,2016,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" pagination="21 - 23" refId="ref12650" refString="Brimley, C. S. (1928) Yellow-cheeked Desmognathus from Macon County, N. C. Copeia, 166, 21 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1436056" type="journal article" year="1928">Brimley 1928</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC67A1BA173ED0CD1" author="Huheey, J. E." box="[599,763,2016,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" pagination="126 - 131" refId="ref14587" refString="Huheey, J. E. (1966 a) Studies in warning coloration and mimicry. V. Red-cheeked dusky salamanders in North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 82, 126 - 131." type="journal article" year="1966">Huheey 1966a</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5193F4EC7281BA172B80CD1" author="Labanick, G. M." box="[773,942,2016,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="226" pagination="114 - 120" refId="ref15129" refString="Labanick, G. M. (1983) Inheritance of the red-leg and red-cheek traits in the salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus. Herpetologica, 39, 114 - 120." type="journal article" year="1983">Labanick 1983</bibRefCitation>
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), differentiating them from all lineages other than
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC4E01CD670390B9B" box="[205,303,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC4E01CD670390B9B" box="[205,303,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">D. ocoee</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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E and
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<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC5571CD670EC0B9B" box="[378,506,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC5571CD670E00B9B" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[378,502,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">D. imitator</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens from the southern part of the range in the Piedmont and adjacent Coastal Plain of Alabama and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7623C51D3F4AC5BC1CFA70FD0BFE" box="[401,491,187,213]" name="Georgia" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are typically considerably more melanic with an overall dark coloring and obscured pattern of paired larval spots, often with a partial keel on the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF46663BC51E3F49C4BA1BD674460CD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120247/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="227" startId="20.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[203,1384,181,1904]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51E3F49C4BA1BD674460CD3" blockId="20.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51E3F49C4BA1BD670340C84" bold="true" box="[151,290,1943,1967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="227">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparative specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51E3F49C66B1BD972470C9B" authorityName="Pyron & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[582,849,1944,1968]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balsameus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51E3F49C66B1BD972470C9B" box="[582,849,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="227">Desmognathus balsameus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservative in dorsal (a, c) and ventral (b, d) views, showing dorsal stripe with wavy or undulating edges (RAP0979; Black Balsam Knob, NC: Haywood; a, b), and the early ontogenetic stage of this pattern with more distinct paired spots (RAP0990; Burnette Cove Creek, NC: Haywood; c, d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF46663BC51F3F48C4BA1B3E73D60C90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120249/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="228" startId="21.[151,250,1919,1943]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51F3F48C4BA1B3E73D60C90" blockId="21.[151,1436,1919,1979]" pageId="21" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51F3F48C4BA1B3E70360CBC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1919,1943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="228">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of a juvenile (a: RAP2824) and adult (b: RAP2825)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51F3F48C7EB1B3E75D90CBC" authorityName="Pyron & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[966,1231,1919,1943]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balsameus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51F3F48C7EB1B3E75D90CBC" box="[966,1231,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="228">Desmognathus balsameus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bear Pen Gap (NC: Jackson) in life. Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF46663BC51C3F4BC4BA1B6270F40CDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120255/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="229" startId="22.[151,250,1827,1851]" targetBox="[242,1345,181,1804]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51C3F4BC4BA1B6270F40CDB" blockId="22.[151,1437,1827,2032]" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC4BA1B6270080C17" bold="true" box="[151,286,1827,1852]" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Live photograph of two large adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51C3F4BC69B1B6572AA0C17" authorityName="Pyron & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[694,956,1828,1852]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balsameus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC69B1B6572AA0C17" box="[694,956,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">Desmognathus balsameus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RAP2826–7) in combat (a), found
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC10C1B6574480C10" box="[1313,1374,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
under a log in the understory of a coniferous forest (b) near Bear Pen Gap (NC: Jackson; ~1670m ASL). No females were observed nearby, suggesting a possible territorial nature for the interaction. Both individuals show overall darkened adult coloration with few if any discernable color-pattern remnants. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51C3F4BC68B1BD1726E0C83" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1920" box="[678,888,1936,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Eurycea" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC68B1BD173EC0C8C" box="[678,762,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">Eurycea</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC7321BD1726E0C83" box="[799,888,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">wilderae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51C3F4BC78A1BD175700C83" authorityName="Brimley" authorityYear="1912" box="[935,1126,1936,1960]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metcalfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC78A1BD175700C83" box="[935,1126,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">Plethodon metcalfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found under similar logs, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51C3F4BC4EE1BF5703D0CE7" authorityName="King" authorityYear="1936" box="[195,299,1972,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wrighti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC4EE1BF5703D0CE7" box="[195,299,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">D. wrighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the site (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51C3F4BC6081BF573F00CE7" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[549,742,1972,1996]" pageId="22" pageNumber="229" pagination="8574" refId="ref16099" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 c) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51C3F4BC6471BF5738B0CE7" box="[618,669,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The encounter occurred at ~1000h on 24 July 2022 and was found by M.A. Seldes. Photos by RAP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3236538C51D3F4AC4EA1D4372340A86" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51D3F4AC4EA1D4372340A86" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC4EA1D4370750A37" bold="true" box="[199,355,258,284]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Based on expanded genetic sampling, this species ranges from the Alarka and Cowee Mountains in western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC5381D6670A90A6A" box="[277,447,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
between the Tuckasegee and Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC7741D6672DA0A6A" box="[857,972,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rivers, the western headwater mountain streams of the Savannah River drainage in northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC7381D0A72D70A4E" box="[789,961,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC0731D0A75AD0A4E" box="[1118,1211,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and adjacent
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC1761D0A71EC0AA2" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the Chattahoochee River drainage in the Piedmont of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC7AF1D2E72CA0AA2" box="[898,988,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC0231D2E75650AA2" box="[1038,1139,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
to the Fall Line and Uchee Creek (AL: Russell) in the adjacent Coastal Plain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A36C51D3F4AC6E21DD272030A86" box="[719,789,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[343,1254,181,1728]" captionTargetId="graphics-707@6.[28,2087,1,2911]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of the five species considered by our taxonomy from genetically verified recent localities (RAP collection; Anderson & Tilley 2003; Beamer & Lamb 2020; Karlin & Guttman 1986; Kozak et al. 2005; Means et al. 2017; Pyron et al. 2022c; Tilley 2000; Tilley et al. 1978, 2008; Tilley & Mahoney 1996). We include apalachicolae A2 and ocoee E within our concept of D. ocoee, for which the nominotypical lineage is ocoee F/G/H. Note that some individuals from these populations are admixed between one or more species, and hybrid zones exist between phylogeographic lineages within D. ocoee and D. perlapsus, primarily at the geographic margins where each adjacent lineage contacts its neighbor. Type localities are indicated with triangles, the population of unknown affinity from Horse Cove (GA: Gilmer; Fig. 21) is indicated with a gray dot, and the potential Cohutta populations are indicated with a “?.”" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120211/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3236538C51D3F4AC4EA1DF672C40EB6" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51D3F4AC4EA1DF6749A0916" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC4EA1DF670440AFA" bold="true" box="[199,338,439,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
From the perfect passive participle of the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC7AF1DF672F20AFA" box="[898,996,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">perlabor</emphasis>
|
||
for “slipping” or “gliding through” as an adjective in the nominative singular, in reference to the lithe nature of the species when active in rock crevices, or in hand once captured. Previous common names include Tallulah Salamander (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC07F1DBE75E20932" author="Schmidt, K. P." box="[1106,1268,510,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" refId="ref16419" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6 th ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 280 pp." type="book" year="1953">Schmidt 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Cliffside Salamander (Conant
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC5A91E6270AA0916" box="[388,444,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1956). Neither is particularly appropriate; we suggest “Chattooga Dusky Salamander.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51D3F4AC4EA1E06739C09DA" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC4EA1E067005094A" bold="true" box="[199,275,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
Comprises the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC5E81E067310094B" box="[453,518,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC5E81E067310094B" box="[453,518,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C/D lineage defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC7331E0672EB094A" author="Kozak, K. H. & Larson, A. & Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J." box="[798,1021,582,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="2000 - 2016" refId="ref15009" refString="Kozak, K. H., Larson, A., Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of ecomorphological divergence, community structure, and diversification rates in dusky salamanders (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus). Evolution, 59, 2000 - 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0014 - 3820.2005. tb 01069. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Kozak
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC7421E0672BE094A" box="[879,936,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC0241E06740B094A" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." box="[1033,1309,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref12430" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer & Lamb (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC1741E06703609AE" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="106751" refId="ref16177" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2020) Phylogenomic data reveal reticulation and incongruence among mitochondrial candidate species in Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 146, 106751. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020.106751" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC4BA1E2A71C409AE" box="[151,210,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC5031E2A706109AE" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[302,375,619,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="8574" refId="ref16099" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 c) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">2022c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC6411E2A724B09AF" box="[620,861,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC6411E2A724B09AF" box="[620,861,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Desmognathus ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC7A11E2A755C09AE" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[908,1098,619,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="315 - 322" refId="ref17026" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1961) Variation and distribution of Desmognathus ocoee Nicholls (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Copeia, 1961, 315 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1439806" type="journal article" year="1961">Valentine (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and resurrected here with an expanded geographic range. Voluminous data on the biology of this species exist under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC0F61ECE74280983" box="[1243,1342,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC0F61ECE74280983" box="[1243,1342,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">D. ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but will need to be carefully disambiguated by reference to the originating populations; see extensive bibliographies in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC4BA1E96704509DA" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[151,339,727,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" refId="ref17066" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1964) Desmognathus ocoee. In: Reimer, W. J. (Ed.), Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Vol. 7. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Kensington, pp. 1 - 2." type="book" year="1964">Valentine (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC5A41E96739009DA" author="Camp, C. D. & Tilley, S. G." box="[393,646,726,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="719 - 721" refId="ref12950" refString="Camp, C. D. & Tilley, S. G. (2005) Desmognathus ocoee Nicholls, 1949: Ocoee Salamander. In: M. J. Lannoo (Ed), Amphibian declines: the conservation status of United States species. University of California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 719 - 721." type="book chapter" year="2005">Camp & Tilley (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51D3F4AC4BA1F5E72C40EB6" blockId="23.[151,1437,799,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">
|
||
The fifth and final species corresponds to a slight restriction of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC7601F5E751D0812" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[845,1035,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="315 - 322" refId="ref17026" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1961) Variation and distribution of Desmognathus ocoee Nicholls (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Copeia, 1961, 315 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1439806" type="journal article" year="1961">Valentine (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC0B41F5E75EC0813" box="[1177,1274,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC0B41F5E75EC0813" box="[1177,1274,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">D. ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC11F1F5E71C60876" author="Valentine, B. D." pageId="23" pageNumber="230" refId="ref17066" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1964) Desmognathus ocoee. In: Reimer, W. J. (Ed.), Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Vol. 7. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Kensington, pp. 1 - 2." type="book" year="1964">Valentine 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including five geographically distinct genetic population segments. These are the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC0BA1F0275CE0877" box="[1175,1240,835,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC0BA1F0275CE0877" box="[1175,1240,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
E–H lineages of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC4BA1F26706708AA" author="Kozak, K. H. & Larson, A. & Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J." box="[151,369,870,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="2000 - 2016" refId="ref15009" refString="Kozak, K. H., Larson, A., Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of ecomorphological divergence, community structure, and diversification rates in dusky salamanders (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus). Evolution, 59, 2000 - 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0014 - 3820.2005. tb 01069. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Kozak
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC4CA1F26700808AA" box="[231,286,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, along with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC60C1F2673D608AA" authorityName="Means & Karlin" authorityYear="1989" box="[545,704,871,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apalachicolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC60C1F2673D608AA" box="[545,704,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">apalachicolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A2 populations from the southernmost Blue Ridge first identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC4971FCA70D0088E" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." box="[186,454,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="143 - 153" refId="ref12365" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2008) Dusky salamanders (Desmognathus, Plethodontidae) from the Coastal Plain: multiple independent lineages and their bearing on the molecular phylogeny of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, 143 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.01.015" type="journal article" year="2008">Beamer & Lamb (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and named by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC6431FCA7259088E" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[622,847,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="8574" refId="ref16099" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 c) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC69A1FCA73F9088E" box="[695,751,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022c)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC7A61FCA72DA088F" box="[907,972,907,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC7A61FCA72DA088F" box="[907,972,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
H lineage occupies a restricted portion of the southern Cumberland Plateau in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC6031FEE73B208E2" box="[558,676,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
; the G lineage ranges along an extensive portion of Sand Mountain/ Walden Ridge in northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC5D41F92737708C6" box="[505,609,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC7201F92727C08C6" box="[781,874,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC02F1F92756308C6" box="[1026,1141,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
(genetically identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC4BA1FB671E80F3B" box="[151,254,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC4BA1FB671E80F3B" box="[151,254,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">D. ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC5021FB673470F3A" author="Anderson, J. A. & Tilley, S. G." box="[303,593,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="75 - 110" refId="ref12301" refString="Anderson, J. A. & Tilley, S. G. (2003) Systematics of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex in the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. Herpetological Monographs, 17, 75 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 0733 - 1347 (2003) 017 [0075: SOTDOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Anderson & Tilley 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and the F lineage occurs in the Unicoi Mountains and adjacent ridges in eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC522185A70940F1E" box="[271,386,1051,1077]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
and extreme western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC6AE185A72240F1E" box="[643,818,1051,1077]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Together, these form a single genetic unit, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC176185A748A0F1F" box="[1371,1436,1051,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC176185A748A0F1F" box="[1371,1436,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
F/G/H lineage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC567187E73450F72" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." box="[330,595,1087,1113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref12430" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer & Lamb 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC64D187E723A0F72" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[608,812,1087,1113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="106751" refId="ref16177" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2020) Phylogenomic data reveal reticulation and incongruence among mitochondrial candidate species in Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 146, 106751. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020.106751" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC680187E73FE0F72" box="[685,744,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC717187E72950F72" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[826,899,1087,1113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="8574" refId="ref16099" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 c) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">2022c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC7E0187E75180F73" box="[973,1038,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC7E0187E75180F73" box="[973,1038,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
E lineage occurs in the Nantahala Mountains of western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC5A3182273230F56" box="[398,565,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC6E31822723D0F56" box="[718,811,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC7A71822753F0F56" authorityName="Means & Karlin" authorityYear="1989" box="[906,1065,1123,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apalachicolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC7A71822753F0F56" box="[906,1065,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">apalachicolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A2 lineage occupies the southern terminus of the Blue Ridge escarpment in north-central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC72E18C672760F8A" box="[771,864,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. These three groups are parapatric and replace each other geographically in the mountains of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC64518EA73D30FEE" box="[616,709,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC6FD18EA726D0FEE" box="[720,891,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C51D3F4AC79A18EA753B0FEE" box="[951,1069,1195,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
, while also exhibiting admixture across their contact zones. Therefore, we conservatively treat them as a single species with at least three major phylogeographic lineages. Phylogenetic estimates suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC76318B2751B0E26" authorityName="Means & Karlin" authorityYear="1989" box="[846,1037,1267,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apalachicolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC76318B2751B0E26" box="[846,1037,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">D. apalachicolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nested within this species, though population-genetic analyses indicate that it is genealogically exclusive, and the nested topological position may be an artifact of the complex history of diversification and reticulation in the group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC01E197A75E30E7E" author="Chan, K. O. & Hutter, C. R. & Wood, P. L. & Grismer, L. L. & Das, I. & Brown, R. M." box="[1075,1269,1339,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="3970 - 3987" refId="ref13249" refString="Chan, K. O., Hutter, C. R., Wood, P. L., Grismer, L. L., Das, I. & Brown, R. M. (2020) Gene flow creates a mirage of cryptic species in a Southeast Asian spotted stream frog complex. Molecular Ecology, 29, 3970 - 3987. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 15603" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Chan
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC055197A75A70E7E" box="[1144,1201,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C51D3F4AC12C197A71C50E52" author="Dolinay, M. & Necas, T. & Zimkus, B. M. & Schmitz, A. & Fokam, E. B. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Gvozdik, V." pageId="23" pageNumber="230" pagination="107258" refId="ref13512" refString="Dolinay, M., Necas, T., Zimkus, B. M., Schmitz, A., Fokam, E. B., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Gvozdik, V. (2021) Gene flow in phylogenomics: sequence capture resolves species limits and biogeography of Afromontane forest endemic frogs from the Cameroon Highlands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 163, 107258. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107258" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Dolinay
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC14E197A748B0E7E" box="[1379,1437,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given its geographic and genetic distinctiveness, we treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC756191E752B0E52" authorityName="Means & Karlin" authorityYear="1989" box="[891,1085,1375,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apalachicolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC756191E752B0E52" box="[891,1085,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">D. apalachicolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC0D3191E748B0E52" authorityName="Means & Karlin" authorityYear="1989" box="[1278,1437,1375,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apalachicolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC0D3191E748B0E52" box="[1278,1437,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">apalachicolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A2, which we consider part of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC5DC19C2734A0EB7" box="[497,604,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC5DC19C2734E0EB7" box="[497,600,1411,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">D. ocoee</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We re-describe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51D3F4AC73C19C272620EB7" box="[785,884,1411,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51D3F4AC73C19C272620EB7" box="[785,884,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="230">D. ocoee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here as:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |