treatments-xml/data/03/8D/1B/038D1B081360FF86FED7FB3234CFFABC.xml

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<mods:title id="A9EBB8D13779114BA7F2517A56C897A6">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1360FF87FED7FB32359AFDAC" blockId="62.[264,1010,1164,1225]" box="[264,1010,1164,1190]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D0D31D721360FF87FED7FB32359AFDAC" bold="true" box="[264,1010,1164,1190]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1360FF87FED7FB32359AFDAC" ID-CoL="3SLY6" authority="Alvarez et al., 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,1010,1164,1190]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wellingtonensis" subGenus="Biannulata">
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FED7FB32359AFDAC" bold="true" box="[264,1010,1164,1190]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FED7FB323496FDAC" bold="true" box="[264,766,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia (Biannulata) wellingtonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1360FF87FCD9FB32359AFDAC" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[774,1010,1164,1190]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FCB0FB3235CAFDAC" bold="true" box="[879,930,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1360FF87FED7FB1134C8FDC3" blockId="62.[264,1010,1164,1225]" box="[264,672,1199,1225]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
(Figs 6E, 7, 8I, 10B; 
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51360FF87FE20FB11340AFDC3" box="[511,610,1199,1225]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Tables 2</tableCitation>
&amp; 
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51360FF87FD58FB1134FEFDC3" box="[647,662,1199,1225]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1360FF87FED7FB4037E7FC3C" blockId="62.[264,1322,1278,1366]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
[?] 
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<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FEF2FB4137C3FC1C" box="[301,427,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia</emphasis>
sp. B
</taxonomicName>
Lill 
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FDFFFB413438FC1C" box="[544,592,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
., 1995:310 (in part) after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1360FF87FCB7FB40322AFC1F" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[872,1090,1278,1302]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FC1AFB41359CFC1C" box="[965,1012,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1360FF87FB92FB4137E7FC3C" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FB92FB4137E7FC3C" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Latrunculia wellingtonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1360FF87FED7FA8034DAFC5F" blockId="62.[264,1322,1278,1366]" box="[264,690,1342,1366]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1360FF87FED7FA8037B6FC5F" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[264,478,1342,1366]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FEBCFA8137FAFC5C" box="[355,402,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
, PG. 164, 
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1360FF87FD99FA8034F2FC5F" box="[582,666,1342,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIG. 3C</figureCitation>
, 6
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FED7FA38379AFCAA" bold="true" box="[264,498,1414,1440]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1360FF87FED7FA383712FCAA" box="[264,378,1414,1440]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
Not examined, 
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1360FF87FD41FA3634B6FC95" box="[670,734,1416,1439]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">NZOI</collectionCode>
H­796 (98 
<specimenCode id="DB8202651360FF87FC8DFA3635FCFC95" box="[850,916,1416,1439]" collectionCode="BR" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">BR29</specimenCode>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1360FF87FEE7FA1034D0FCE7" blockId="62.[264,1323,1414,1875]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FEE7FA1037D5FCC2" bold="true" box="[312,445,1454,1480]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Additional</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431360FF87FE15FA1035DFFCCD" box="[458,951,1454,1481]" collectionCode="NZOI" location="Not" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FE15FA1034DCFCC2" bold="true" box="[458,692,1454,1480]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1360FF87FE15FA103454FCC2" box="[458,572,1454,1480]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
. 
<location id="8EFBFCC51360FF87FD17FA0E3498FCCD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081360FF86FED7FB3234CFFABC:8EFBFCC51360FF87FD17FA0E3498FCCD" box="[712,752,1456,1479]" name="Not" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Not</location>
examined, 
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1360FF87FCA8FA0E35DFFCCD" box="[887,951,1456,1479]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">NZOI</collectionCode>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431360FF87FC1CFA0E32A4FCCD" box="[963,1228,1456,1479]" collectionCode="NZOI" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCode="BR7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
P­1263 (98 
<specimenCode id="DB8202651360FF87FBE0FA0E321BFCCD" box="[1087,1139,1456,1479]" collectionCode="BR" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">BR7</specimenCode>
), 
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1360FF87FB53FA0E32A4FCCD" box="[1164,1228,1456,1479]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">NZOI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431360FF87FB08FA0E3448FCE7" collectionCode="BR" country="Philippines" location="PH" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
P­1264, 97 
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1360FF87FEFEFA68372CFCE7" box="[289,324,1494,1517]" name="Philippines" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">PH</collectingCountry>
(4, 5, 21, 27), 98 
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(2, 7, 25, 29).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1360FF87FEE7FA423554FF31" blockId="62.[264,1323,1414,1875]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FEE7FA423413FF1C" bold="true" box="[312,635,1532,1558]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431360FF87FD5DFA403550FF31" collectorName="Allan Duckworth &amp; September" country="New Zealand" elevation="13" location="Ts" municipality="Barrets" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wellington">
<location id="8EFBFCC51360FF87FD5DFA4034F3FF1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081360FF86FED7FB3234CFFABC:8EFBFCC51360FF87FD5DFA4034F3FF1F" box="[642,667,1534,1557]" country="New Zealand" municipality="Barrets" name="Ts" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" stateProvince="Wellington">Ts</location>
110, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF30641360FF87FD08FA40354CFF1F" box="[727,804,1534,1557]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Barrets</collectingMunicipality>
reef, 
<collectingRegion id="49E064FC1360FF87FCBDFA4035B3FF1F" box="[866,987,1534,1557]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Wellington</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1360FF87FC3AFA40321EFF1F" box="[997,1142,1534,1557]" name="New Zealand" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1360FF87FB1BFA40334EFF1F" box="[1220,1318,1532,1558]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1360FF87FB1BFA40334EFF1F" box="[1220,1318,1532,1558]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81360FF87FE4FF99A3425FF31" box="[400,589,1572,1595]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Allan Duckworth</collectorName>
, 
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FD88F99A3412FF31" box="[599,634,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">xxx</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81360FF87FD5DF99A349EFF31" box="[642,758,1572,1595]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">September</collectorName>
, 1997
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951360FF86FEE7F9F737FBFB7C" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1360FF86FEE7F9F7352AFB2C" blockId="62.[264,1323,1414,1875]" lastBlockId="63.[264,1323,284,950]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B950760C1360FF87FEE7F9F737DFFF69" bold="true" box="[312,439,1609,1635]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small, ovo­spherical sponge (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1360FF87FCC1F9F73507FF69" box="[798,879,1609,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="49.[264,367,1483,1507]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; C. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM SAMAAI AND KRASOKHIN 2002); D. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003 (REPRODUCED FROM SAMAAI AND KELLY 2003); E. Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly 2003 (REPRODUCED FROM SAMAAI AND KELLY 2003); F. Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); I. Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002)" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
) with pore areas, variable in size and shape (round, oval or irregular), encircled by mammiform areolate porefields. Colour in life light olive green; in preservative pale gray. Styles are hastate and polytylote styles are also present, 323 (300–346) x 7 (7) m, n=20 Anisodiscorhabds (Fig. 6E) with an expanded manubrium and stout shaft. There is also no basal whorl of spines present above the manubrium as characteristic for this subgenus. The subsidiary whorl is absent or reduced. The Medium whorl is deeply notched along the rim and are divided into segments, each segment possessing denticulate margins of 5–7 spines, 35 (32–35) x 5 (5) m, n=20 [
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1361FF86FE50FEFA3797F854" box="[399,511,324,350]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
33 (23–42) x 5 (3–7) m, n=20 (after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1361FF86FC01FEFA32BDF854" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[990,1237,324,350]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">Alvarez et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
)]. The choanosomal skeleton is a dense, irregular polygonal­meshed reticulation and within the inner choanosome, the tracts are more robust and compact and diverge towards the surface where they become more vertically arranged (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1361FF86FCFDFE0235E5F8DC" box="[802,909,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="60.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,729,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-232@60.[271,1315,729,1567]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al. 2002; B. Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Gross morphology of Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al. 2002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057842/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). The sponge are found on vertical rock faces, in surge and shade areas at a depth of between 
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, but most common between 10 and 
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(after 
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Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FD6AFDB23480FB2F" box="[693,744,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1361FF86FEE7FD8D37FBFB7C" blockId="63.[264,1323,284,950]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FEE7FD8D3419FB47" bold="true" box="[312,625,563,589]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1361FF86FD52FD8A34B6FB44" box="[653,734,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="46.[264,367,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[308,1246,1097,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-335@46.[308,1260,1092,1621]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 7. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Biannulata) species. Distributions of A) Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, B) Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet, C) Latrunculia purpurea Carter, D) Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin; E) Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly; F) Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly; G) Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al.; H) Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al.; I) Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al.; J) Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al., 2002; K) Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al.; L) Latrunculia millerae Alvarez et al.; M). Latrunculia austini sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057836/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). 
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(south end of North Island­ 
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)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951361FF86FEE7FD3A34CFFABC" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1361FF86FEE7FD3A34CFFABC" blockId="63.[264,1323,284,950]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FEE7FD3A37D9FB94" bold="true" box="[312,433,644,670]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
The homogenous nature of the choanosomal skeleton within any given species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1361FF86FE55FD12347CFBCF" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[394,532,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FE55FD12347CFBCF" box="[394,532,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Latrunculia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
makes it fairly difficult to define species. Species defined within this genus possess discorhabds with four whorls (lobes) of spines. Species differ in the shape of the discorhabds as well as in the structure and position of the different lobes present. The discorhabd in this species is structurally different from that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1361FF86FB58FC9A3343FA37" box="[1159,1323,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="63" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaakaariki">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FB58FC9A3343FA37" box="[1159,1323,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">L. Kaakaariki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it is relatively thicker (
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) and less ornamented (
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Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FB87FCF232E6FA6F" box="[1112,1166,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
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). This species also include the genetic group that was identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1361FF86FBCFFCCA336CFA84" author="Miller, K. &amp; Alverez, B. &amp; Battershill, C. N. P. &amp; Parthasarathy, H." box="[1040,1284,884,910]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="235 - 250" refId="ref36473" refString="Miller, K., Alverez, B., Battershill, C. N. P. and Parthasarathy, H. (2001) Genetic, morphological and chemical divergence in the sponge genus Latrunculia (Porifera: Demospongiae). Marine Biology, 139, 235 - 250." type="journal article" year="2001">
Miller 
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FBB8FCCA32C1FA87" box="[1127,1193,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
as “ 
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” (
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Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FDC6FC223424FABF" box="[537,588,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>