230 lines
26 KiB
XML
230 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="FD88C5A2B2EB5F8B0C88A406363C00ED" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187018" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35d81ccb-1856-4852-a5b6-d9058b3dbc0b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187018" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461060371161" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hedges, Blair, Couloux, Arnaud & Vidal, Nicolas" docDate="2009" docId="674E87DDF754FFF0FF36931FCA57BB91" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02067p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2067" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Borikenophis Hedges & Vidal" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="9B77FFA5F758FFFDFFA1950DC830B939" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698582155577" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="7069C811D22F7B371B48C62A35264C9D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8053C3E9A5C90A9B568EE08738478DD2">
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<mods:title id="ABED55A4C3545D146A519F7DF63B367F">Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="402713F0FD9FD1DBA7AF9FA2D4A108A9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A54902D3617ABA10562059DE10F44BAE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CFFB22C4DFC1207B58AE4F01CDEAD47B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0A34725413A453756FCA519D2A01D236">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1B402B51B94D69A827792317BD0F312C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="11C393348BB5501BFDCDD7D70A9F244F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E2911AD4622F9A6F32C6D00C76825894">Couloux, Arnaud</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4E82596AAF630C2AEE113D802B7484C5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5E75D7EBB963B95C5B66E29C9DB56219">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BC3E64064FB9691E589CC5EDFD014D66">Vidal, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C4A5920712F748481E86C1C632640A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="561A424903857360D4216C90F5CEE369">
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<mods:title id="60B8D091D50810A62C7863A4A502DFCA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F20BD3BADF567EB7E2BBCB96F3F89CD8">
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<mods:date id="3DEFD9B322E412D400011DFB0DAA45EE">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="86EAC004E9CA7802C3560E59007A5F25" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="75EAB0BE221D23E672239AD575269B01">2067</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C083CE4FD9247149724746CCEE0CC2BB">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="75581B5CA26F602B65CE836C6106E841">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="80309C705FE075A90210D364107944CC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187018</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F999B4544F990A4E21871D9968A50A9E" type="GBIF-Dataset">35d81ccb-1856-4852-a5b6-d9058b3dbc0b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8834DAD8411E21C3AE4AE6A22F0B0299" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8049FFA5A624D6DF68D9699A0C0BE187" type="Zenodo-Dep">187018</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="674E87DDF754FFF0FF36931FCA57BB91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220083" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614018" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220083" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:674E87DDF754FFF0FF36931FCA57BB91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/674E87DDF754FFF0FF36931FCA57BB91" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F754FFF1FF36931FCACBBF15" box="[151,763,1554,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF754FFF1FF36931FCACBBF15" blockId="12.[151,763,1554,1580]" box="[151,763,1554,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="B41081A7F754FFF1FF36931FCACBBF15" bold="true" box="[151,763,1554,1580]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FF36931FCACBBF15" bold="true" box="[151,763,1554,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FF4C931FCA6FBF15" authority="Hedges & Vidal" authorityName="Hedges & Vidal" box="[237,607,1554,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FF4C931FC9A0BF15" bold="true" box="[237,400,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Borikenophis</emphasis>
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Hedges & Vidal
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</taxonomicName>
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, New Genus
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F754FFF1FF369357CB88BF4D" box="[151,952,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF754FFF1FF369357CB88BF4D" blockId="12.[151,1436,1626,2038]" box="[151,952,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FF369357C909BF4D" bold="true" box="[151,313,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="305C8869F754FFF1FF369357C8E4BF4D" box="[151,212,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FEE19356CB84BF4D" authority="Reinhardt & Lutken 1862:221" authorityName="Reinhardt & Lutken" authorityPageNumber="221" authorityYear="1862" box="[320,948,1626,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FEE19356CA77BF4D" box="[320,583,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alsophis portoricensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF754FFF1FDEF9357CBB1BF4D" author="Reinhardt" box="[590,897,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" refString="Reinhardt, J. & Lutken, C. F. (1862) Bidrag tii det vestindiske Origes og navnligen tii de dansk-vestindiske Oers Herpetologie. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn, 153 - 291." type="book chapter" year="1862">Reinhardt & Lütken 1862</bibRefCitation>
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:221
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F754FFF1FF64938DCCFBBE93" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF754FFF1FF64938DCBA6BEBA" blockId="12.[151,1436,1626,2038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FF64938DC974BFA3" bold="true" box="[197,324,1664,1690]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Species in this genus have 17–19 midbody scale rows, 163–198 ventrals, 106–145 subcaudals, 1–3 apical scale pits, eight upper labials, 10 lower labial, 16-21 maxillary teeth, and 22-35 dentary teeth (
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<tableCitation id="A2650370F754FFF1FF3E93C3C8CFBFD1" box="[159,255,1742,1768]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,242,977,1001]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological variation in the genera of alsophiine snakes (SVL = snout-vent length), from Barbour &" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FEB793C2C988BFD1" box="[278,440,1743,1768]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FEB793C2C988BFD1" box="[278,440,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Borikenophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in at least one of these characters from all other alsophiine genera except
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FF3693F8C8CCBE37" box="[151,252,1781,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FF3693F8C8CCBE37" box="[151,252,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alsophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FE9493F8C9D4BE37" box="[309,484,1781,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hypsirhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FE9493F8C9D4BE37" box="[309,484,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hypsirhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Except for
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FDD793F8CB08BE37" box="[630,824,1781,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctaecrucis">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FDD793F8CB08BE37" box="[630,824,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. sanctaecrucis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(191–198 ventrals), it differs from most
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FAB893F8CD4EBE37" box="[1305,1406,1781,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FAB893F8CD4EBE37" box="[1305,1406,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alsophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a lower number of ventrals (163–187 versus
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<quantity id="281F9B2EF754FFF1FCBC9211CB98BE0F" box="[797,936,1820,1846]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1308" metricValueMax="5.587999999999999" metricValueMin="4.6736" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="202.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="184.0">184–220 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FC109211CC2ABE0C" box="[945,1050,1820,1845]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FC109211CC2ABE0C" box="[945,1050,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alsophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Most
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FBDD9211CD03BE0C" box="[1148,1331,1820,1845]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hypsirhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FBDD9211CD03BE0C" box="[1148,1331,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hypsirhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have 19 midbody scales rows (
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FE05924EC9C9BE65" box="[420,505,1859,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FE05924EC9C9BE65" box="[420,505,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. ater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FD95924ECADFBE65" box="[564,751,1859,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanichnus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FD95924ECADFBE65" box="[564,751,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. melanichnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have 17 rows) whereas most
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FBF4924ECCC3BE65" box="[1109,1267,1859,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FBF4924ECCC3BE65" box="[1109,1267,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Borikenophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have 17 rows (those populations from the
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF754FFF1FE409264CAB5BEBA" box="[481,645,1897,1923]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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usually have 19 rows).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF754FFF1FF649282CCFBBE93" blockId="12.[151,1436,1626,2038]" box="[197,1227,1935,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FF649282C901BE90" bold="true" box="[197,305,1935,1961]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Content.</emphasis>
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Three species (eight species + subspecies) are included in the genus (
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<tableCitation id="A2650370F754FFF1FBC0929DCC8ABE93" box="[1121,1210,1936,1962]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Classification of West Indian xenodontine snakes, Tribe Alsophiini. The arrangement used in this study is compared with that in previous classifications (Maglio 1970; Schwartz & Henderson 1991; Powell et al. 1996)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F754FFF1FF6792BBCB68BECF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF754FFF1FF6792BBCB68BECF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1626,2038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FF6792BBC957BEE9" bold="true" box="[198,359,1974,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F754FFF1FE5C92BACAA9BEE9" box="[509,665,1975,2000]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F754FFF1FE5C92BACAA9BEE9" box="[509,665,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Borikenophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distributed throughout the Puerto Rican Bank, and on the nearby islands of Mona, Desecheo, and
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF754FFF1FDCA92D1CAC2BECF" box="[619,754,2012,2038]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Saint Croix</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF754FFF1FCA092D1CB79BECF" box="[769,841,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,804,828]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,205,780]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[279,1307,194,780]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map showing the West Indies (including the southern tip of Florida above, Central America to the west, and the northern edge of South America below) and the distributions of the genera of the Tribe Alsophiini, Subfamily Xenodontinae, Family Dipsadidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187020/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F755FFF0FF64959AC9D0B9E1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF64959AC9D0B9E1" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF64959AC961B988" bold="true" box="[197,337,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The generic name refers to its distribution centered on the Puerto Rican Bank; Boriken is the Taino word for
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF755FFF0FEEC95B3C9ECB9E1" box="[333,476,190,216]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F755FFF0FF6495E8CA57BB91" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF6495E8CA57BB91" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF6495E8C90FB9C6" bold="true" box="[197,319,229,255]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FE6B95E8CA58B9C7" box="[458,616,229,254]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FE6B95E8CA58B9C7" box="[458,616,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Borikenophis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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are moderate-sized (
|
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<quantity id="281F9B2EF755FFF0FCC095E8CBE7B9C6" box="[865,983,229,255]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1025.0">1025 mm</quantity>
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, maximum SVL) racers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF755FFF0FAA495E8CD7BB9C6" box="[1285,1355,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,261,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,190,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Representatives of genera of the snake Tribe Alsophiini (Dipsadidae: Xenonodontinae). Subtribe Alsophiina: Alsophis manselli (Woodlands Spring, Montserrat), Borikenophis portoricensis (1.5 km W. Playa de Tamarindo, Puerto Rico), Cubophis cantherigerus (2.0 km W Viñales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba), Hypsirhynchus ferox (Barahona, Barahona, Dominican Republic), Ialtris dorsalis (3 km N Bois Sec, Grand’Anse, Haiti), and Magliophis stahli (1.9 km NE Vista Alegre, Puerto Rico). Subtribe Arrhytonina: Arrhyton taeniatum (0.2 km WE Windmill Beach, Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba). Subtribe Uromacerina: Uromacer oxyrhynchus (4.4 km W Canada Honda, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic). Photos by S. B. Hedges." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187021/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and they occur sympatrically with the smaller racers of the Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FCD89401CBCFB81C" box="[889,1023,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Magliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FCD89401CBCFB81C" box="[889,1023,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Magliophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Six subspecies are recognized for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FF36943FC9EAB872" box="[151,474,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF36943FC9EAB872" box="[151,474,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Borikenophis portoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species from St. Croix,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FC9D943FCC32B872" box="[828,1026,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctaecrucis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FC9D943FCC32B872" box="[828,1026,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. sanctaecrucis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is possibly extinct (Henderson & Powell 1996) and was not included in this study, but it has been considered a close relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FB409454CDABB84B" box="[1249,1435,345,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FB409454CDABB84B" box="[1249,1435,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. portoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on color pattern and scalation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF755FFF0FDCB948DCB1BB8A3" author="Schwartz" box="[618,811,384,410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Schwartz, A. (1966) Snakes of the genus Alsophis in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands, 90, 177 - 227." type="journal article" year="1966">Schwartz 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although we found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FB9D948DCD14B8A0" box="[1084,1316,384,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="portoricensis" subSpecies="portoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FB9D948DCD14B8A0" box="[1084,1316,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. p. portoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FAC3948DC93EB8F9" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="portoricensis" subSpecies="anegadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FAC3948DC93EB8F9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. p. anegadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have identical sequences at all genes sampled, the two subspecies are not particularly close morphologically, with different midbody scale row counts (17 versus 19, respectively). Therefore, to resolve geographic variation in the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FDE494F9CB37BB34" box="[581,775,500,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FDE494F9CB37BB34" box="[581,775,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. portoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sequences of additional, more variable, genes will be needed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF755FFF0FF5A9717C9E9BB0D" box="[251,473,538,564]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F. G., Cadle, J. E., Murphy, R. W., Moura-Leite, J. C. & Bonatto, S. L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South America xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 49,115 - 153." type="book">Zaher et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FDF09717CB3FBB0A" box="[593,783,538,563]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FDF09717CB3FBB0A" box="[593,783,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. portoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with various other West Indian species in the resurrected genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FE20974CCA77BB62" authority="Cope" authorityName="Cope" box="[385,583,577,603]" genus="Ocyophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FE20974CC9C8BB63" box="[385,504,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ocyophis</emphasis>
|
||
Cope
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but our data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF755FFF0FCA3974CCB6CBB62" box="[770,860,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[379,1213,185,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[379,1215,185,1807]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 1. A phylogeny of Alsophiini. Bayesian tree obtained from the combined data set of six genes (RAG 2, 12 S & 16 S rRNA, cytochrome b, ND 2 and ND 4; 3387 sites). Alsophis portoricensis portoricensis and A. p. anegadae have identical sequences at all genes sampled, and therefore the latter taxon is not shown. Values are ML bootstrap values above 70 % followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 90 %. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study and shows paraphyly and polyphyly of Alsophis (blue), Arrhyton (purple), and Antillophis (orange). See Table 1 and Figure 4 for the new classification proposed here." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187019/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF755FFF0FC3A974CCB9CBB62" box="[923,940,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[169,1429,197,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[169,1429,197,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. A timetree of Alsophiini. Divergence times and credibility / confidence intervals are shown in Table 3. Plei = Pleistocene. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects the new classification proposed here and detailed in Table 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187022/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) contradict that decision as the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FF369765C905BBB8" box="[151,309,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF369765C905BBB8" box="[151,309,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Borikenophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FEE49765C987BBB8" box="[325,439,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cubophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FEE49765C987BBB8" box="[325,439,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cubophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FE539765CA5FBBB8" box="[498,623,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Haitiophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FE539765CA5FBBB8" box="[498,623,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Haitiophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the latter not sampled by Zaher et al.) do not form a monophyletic group (see Remarks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FE079782CA65BB91" box="[422,597,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hypsirhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FE079782CA65BB91" box="[422,597,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hypsirhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |