458 lines
40 KiB
XML
458 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.55.9112" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5af1c867-2edb-4794-a019-1d18c64b3b6a" ID-PMC="PMC4547027" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-55-93" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF8CFFFABA30FFAD5504FFF6FF9DFFC7" ID-PubMed="26312045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576321" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2003-55-93" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 55" ModsDocTitle="Cornus×elwinortonii and Cornus×rutgersensis (Cornaceae), new names for two artificially produced hybrids of big-bracted dogwoods" checkinTime="1451251374184" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mattera, Robert, Molnar, Thomas & Struwe, Lena" docDate="2015" docId="2E11B0652E7596869FCF38D426EB18EB" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 55: 93-111" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 55" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.55.9112" docTitle="Cornus rutgersensis Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe 2015, hybr. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FF8CFFFABA30FFAD5504FFF6FF9DFFC7" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="FF8CFFFABA30FFAD5504FFF6FF9DFFC7" masterDocTitle="Cornus x elwinortonii and Cornus x rutgersensis (Cornaceae), new names for two artificially produced hybrids of big-bracted dogwoods" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1668141448434" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cornus x elwinortonii and Cornus x rutgersensis (Cornaceae), new names for two artificially produced hybrids of big-bracted dogwoods</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mattera, Robert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Molnar, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Struwe, Lena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>55</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>93</mods:start>
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<mods:end>111</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.55.9112</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.55.9112</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-55-93</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF8CFFFABA30FFAD5504FFF6FF9DFFC7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576321</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161677340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2E11B0652E7596869FCF38D426EB18EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E11B0652E7596869FCF38D426EB18EB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName LSID="615B5B83-BC6D-5178-ABA1-E225AC607743" authority="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis" status="hybr. nov.">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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rutgersensis Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="97">hybr. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rutgers’">Rutgers'</normalizedToken>
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dogwood
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Illustration of Cornus x rutgersensis Cornus ' Rutgan', PP 7207, Stellar Pink ®. A-B Branch, showing expanding leaf and opening of floral bract tissues in the spring B Close up of inflorescent bud prior to complete bract and leaf expansion C Close up of single inflorescence post bud-break, showing pair of unexpanded floral bracts clinging to flower head; note pair vegetative bracts still attached at base of inflorescence D Branch, showing inflorescence with flower buds still closed; floral bracts fully expanded E Close up of flower, showing both before and after anthesis; note synsepalous calyx, apopetalous corolla and exerted stamens F Dissected flower, showing single gynoecium and exerted style G Close up of petal and stamens, note dehiscence occurs longitudinally H Single inflorescence, showing many tightly compressed parthenocarpic drupes I Single drupe, showing compressed form and protruding style. Drawings by Bobbi Angell from the holotype." pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photos of Cornus x rutgersensis. A Close up of inflorescence, showing varying stages of flowering B Inflorescence with full floral bract display and flowers before anthesis C Habit of mature plant. Photographs A and C by Thomas Molnar; photo B by Robert Mattera." pageId="4" pageNumber="97">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of flowering bud and fruit development in Cornus florida, Cornus x rutgersensis, and Cornus kousa. Drawing by Bobbi Angell." pageId="4" pageNumber="97">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="98" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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rutgersensis
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Cornus florida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but differs in its intermediate leaf size and fruit aggregation and size.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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rutgersensis
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</taxonomicName>
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has leaves 9.0-16.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.2-9.1 cm, whereas the leaves of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are 5.1-10.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-5 cm and for
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Cornus florida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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7.6-15.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-7 cm).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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rutgersensis
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</taxonomicName>
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forms many single-seeded parthenocarpic drupes 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.25 mm wide, but does not form a multiple fruit as in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Cornus florida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has larger, fertile drupes 13-18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-9 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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USA: New Jersey: New Brunswick, Middlesex County, Ryders Lane, Rutgers Gardens, original tree (ramet) of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutgan’">'Rutgan'</normalizedToken>
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Stellar Pink®, cultivated plant in open grass field behind Rutgers Ornamental Horticultural Field lab, adjacent to a pine tree windscreen, GPS (WSG84) 40.4732N, -74.4238E, 22 m, 25 May 2014,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">R. Mattera 34</emphasis>
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, holotype (NY), isotypes (CHR, JEPS, MO, US, to be distributed).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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Trees with upright or rounded habit, F1 hybrids cultivated at Rutgers range from 3 -10 m in height at maturity. Bark smooth when young, light gray to brown older bark exfoliating; lenticels on young bark abundant, 0.5-0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.4 mm. Leaves opposite, simple, ovate to elliptic, 9.0-16.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.2-9.1cm; base attenuate, cuneate-crenate to oblique; margin entire to moderately wavy; apex apiculate or acuminate; with 5 pairs of secondary veins; abaxial surface smooth; indumentum of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="99" start="start">many</pageBreakToken>
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white trichomes on both surfaces, abaxial margin with many white trichomes, with dark tufts of trichomes along midrib and veins. Overwintering inflorescence buds intermediate in size and developmental structure between the parents. Outermost vegetative bracts barely covering the inflorescence; inner two pairs of floral bracts enclosing flower head; unlike in either parent, floral bracts covering only 10-45% of the flower head. Inflorescence capitate, globose, with 30-50 flowers per head, surrounded by 4 floral bracts; floral bracts sessile, entire, in decussate pairs, petaloid at anthesis, ovate to lanceolate, sometimes wider than long, overlapping or not; 4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.5×">-6.5x</normalizedToken>
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3-6 cm, white or pink; base tapering to point of attachment, apex acuminate to cuspidate. Peduncle 3.5-7.5 cm long at time of flowering. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual; 4-merous. Calyx lobes ovate, acute. Corolla lobes obovate, slightly acute. Stamens 4, exserted,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="100" start="start">inserted</pageBreakToken>
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in corolla lobe sinuses; filaments 2.7-4.5 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide; anthers longitudinally dehiscent, 0.4-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.8 mm; pollen yellowish brown. Gynoecium epigynous, with nectar disc; ovary syncarpous; style 1, inserted to exserted from corolla mouth, 1.5-1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.5 mm; stigma slightly capitate, ca. 0.25 mm long. Fruit single drupes, rarely fused into a multiple fruit; fruits often formed without proper seed development (i.e., sterile fruits), if fertile, then 1-seeded.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Illustration of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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rutgersensis
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutgan’">'Rutgan'</normalizedToken>
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, PP7207, Stellar Pink®.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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Branch, showing expanding leaf and opening of floral bract tissues in the spring
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
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Close up of inflorescent bud prior to complete bract and leaf expansion
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
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Close up of single inflorescence post bud-break, showing pair of unexpanded floral bracts clinging to flower head; note pair vegetative bracts still attached at base of inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">D</emphasis>
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Branch, showing inflorescence with flower buds still closed; floral bracts fully expanded
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">E</emphasis>
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Close up of flower, showing both before and after anthesis; note synsepalous calyx, apopetalous corolla and exerted stamens
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">F</emphasis>
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Dissected flower, showing single gynoecium and exerted style
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">G</emphasis>
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Close up of petal and stamens, note dehiscence occurs longitudinally
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
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Single inflorescence, showing many tightly compressed parthenocarpic drupes
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">I</emphasis>
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Single drupe, showing compressed form and protruding style. Drawings by Bobbi Angell from the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Photos of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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rutgersensis
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
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Close up of inflorescence, showing varying stages of flowering
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
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Inflorescence with full floral bract display and flowers before anthesis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
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Habit of mature plant. Photographs
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
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by Thomas Molnar; photo
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
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by Robert Mattera.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Comparison of flowering bud and fruit development in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Cornus florida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
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Cornus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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rutgersensis
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Drawing by Bobbi Angell.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Parent source materials.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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The parents of the described type F1 hybrid (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutgan’">'Rutgan'</normalizedToken>
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Stellar Pink®) are
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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K2 (female) grown at Rutgers Gardens from a seedling received from Ben C. Blackburn, Willowwood Arboretum (Gladstone, NJ) in May of 1949, and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Cornus florida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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'Sweetwater
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Red’">Red'</normalizedToken>
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(male), received from Boyd Nursery (McMinnville, TN) and planted at Rutgers Gardens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" type="ecology and phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Ecology and phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
|
||
Cornus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rutgersensis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers in New Jersey (USA) in May; the fruits mature from September to October. Adrenid and halictid bees and cerambycid beetles pollinate the flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while only adrenid and halictid bees pollinate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Cornus florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rhoades, PR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="285 - 297" publicationUrl="10.2317/JKES110418.1" refId="B47" refString="Rhoades, PR, Klingeman, WE, Trigiano, RN, Skinner, JA, 2011. Evaluating pollination biology of Cornus florida L. and C. kousa (Buerger ex. Miq.) Hance (Cornaceae: Cornales). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84 (4): 285 - 297, DOI: 10.2317/JKES110418.1" title="Evaluating pollination biology of Cornus florida L. and C. kousa (Buerger ex. Miq.) Hance (Cornaceae: Cornales)." url="10.2317/JKES110418.1" volume="84" year="2011">Rhoades et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is believed that the same insects visit the flowers of the hybrid. All cultivars released to the public, except
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘KF111-1’">'KF111-1'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Hyperion® (first backcross to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), are sterile. Sterile specimens produce very little pulp in the fruit and no fully formed seeds. It is unlikely that these aborted fruits serve as
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="101" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
|
||
significant food source for insects or birds. Hyperion® produces fruits that are more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and likely serve as a food source for wild animals, although there are no studies to substantiate this assumption.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
|
||
The epithet
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">rutgersensis</emphasis>
|
||
is based on Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, the academic home of Dr. Elwin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Orton’s">Orton's</normalizedToken>
|
||
dogwood breeding program, which is now continued by co-author Thomas Molnar. Rutgers University was founded in 1766 in New Brunswick, NJ, and was named in 1825 after Colonel Henry Rutgers, a US Revolutionary War veteran (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rutgers University" journalOrPublisher="Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" publicationUrl="http://www.rutgers.edu/about/our-history" refId="B49" refString="Rutgers University, 2014. Our history. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, http://www.rutgers.edu/about/our-history [accessed 3 December 2014]" title="Our history" url="http://www.rutgers.edu/about/our-history" year="2014">Rutgers University 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We suggest the common name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rutgers’">Rutgers'</normalizedToken>
|
||
dogwood for this hybrid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
|
||
Cornus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rutgersensis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from cultivation. One of the parent species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an understory tree in mesic forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fulcher, AF" editor="Fulcher, AF" journalOrPublisher="Southern Nursery IPM Working Group, Knoxville, TN" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" refId="B11" refString="Fulcher, AF, Hale, FA, Windham, AS, 2012. Flowering Dogwood- Cornus spp. In: Fulcher, AF, White, SA, Eds., IPM for Select Deciduous Trees in Southeastern US Nursery Production. Southern Nursery IPM Working Group, Knoxville, TN" title="Flowering Dogwood- Cornus spp." volumeTitle="IPM for Select Deciduous Trees in Southeastern US Nursery Production." year="2012">Fulcher et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hillier Nurseries" journalOrPublisher="David & Charles Publishers, Newton Abbot" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 512" refId="B20" refString="Hillier Nurseries, 2002. The Hillier Manual of Trees & Shrubs. David & Charles Publishers, Newton Abbot: 1 - 512" title="The Hillier Manual of Trees & Shrubs" year="2002">Hillier Nurseries 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Porter, TC" journalOrPublisher="Ginn and Company Publishers, Cambridge" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" refId="B45" refString="Porter, TC, 1903. Flora of Pennsylvania. Ginn and Company Publishers, Cambridge" title="Flora of Pennsylvania" year="1903">Porter 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schwartz, MW" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" pagination="687 - 705" publicationUrl="10.2307/1941727" refId="B51" refString="Schwartz, MW, 1994. Natural distribution and abundance of forest species and communities in northern Florida. Ecology 75 (3): 687 - 705, DOI: 10.2307/1941727" title="Natural distribution and abundance of forest species and communities in northern Florida." url="10.2307/1941727" volume="75" year="1994">Schwartz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wennerberg, S" journalOrPublisher="USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program, United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" refId="B57" refString="Wennerberg, S, 2006. Flowering Dogwood: Cornusflorida L. Plant Guide. USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program, United States Department of Agriculture" title="Flowering Dogwood: Cornusflorida L. Plant Guide" year="2006">Wennerberg 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ranges from southern Maine to Florida, and as far west as Texas in the USA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mohlenrock, RH" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Science" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" publicationUrl="http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_cofl2.pdf" refId="B29" refString="Mohlenrock, RH, 2006. Flowering Dogwood: Cornusflorida L. (Fact sheet). United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Science, http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_cofl2.pdf" title="Flowering Dogwood: Cornusflorida L. (Fact sheet)" url="http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_cofl2.pdf" year="2006">Mohlenrock 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schwartz, MW" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" pagination="687 - 705" publicationUrl="10.2307/1941727" refId="B51" refString="Schwartz, MW, 1994. Natural distribution and abundance of forest species and communities in northern Florida. Ecology 75 (3): 687 - 705, DOI: 10.2307/1941727" title="Natural distribution and abundance of forest species and communities in northern Florida." url="10.2307/1941727" volume="75" year="1994">Schwartz 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wennerberg, S" journalOrPublisher="USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program, United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" refId="B57" refString="Wennerberg, S, 2006. Flowering Dogwood: Cornusflorida L. Plant Guide. USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program, United States Department of Agriculture" title="Flowering Dogwood: Cornusflorida L. Plant Guide" year="2006">Wennerberg 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in mesic forests in Japan, Korea, and China (Flint 1997,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xiang, JQ" editor="Wu, ZY" journalOrPublisher="Flora of China" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" publicationUrl="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10219" refId="B61" refString="Xiang, JQ, Boufford, DE, 2005. Cornus. Flora of China vol. 14, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10219 [accessed 2 December, 2014]" title="Cornus." url="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10219" volume="vol. 14" volumeTitle="Flora of China" year="2005">Xiang and Boufford 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No formal studies have been done to determine climate range for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
|
||
Cornus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rutgersensis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, it is generally believed that its range is similar and intermediate between the two parent species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="horticulture">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Horticulture.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
|
||
Cornus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rutgersensis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is grown as a landscape ornamental and, in general, can be cultivated wherever
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be grown.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
|
||
Cornus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rutgersensis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically propagated asexually through budding and grafting on seedling rootstocks of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Cornus florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The cultivars
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘KF1-1’">'KF1-1'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Saturn®,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutban’">'Rutban'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Au
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="102" start="start">rora</pageBreakToken>
|
||
®,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutcan’">'Rutcan'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Constellation®,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutdan’">'Rutdan'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Celestial,®,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutfan’">'Rutfan'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Stardust®,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutgan’">'Rutgan'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Stellar Pink®, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rutlan’">'Rutlan'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ruth Ellen® are all direct F1 hybrids of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus florida" order="Cornales" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">Cornus florida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and all produce sterile fruit.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘KF111-1’">'KF111-1'</normalizedToken>
|
||
Hyperion® is a first backcross to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus kousa" order="Cornales" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kousa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">Cornus kousa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and produces some fertile fruit. We know of no other commercially available plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
|
||
Cornus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rutgersensis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="102" type="disease response">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">Disease response.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattera, T. Molnar & Struwe" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" hybrid-sign="x" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cornus rutgersensis" order="Cornales" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rutgersensis">
|
||
Cornus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
rutgersensis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows resistance to dogwood anthracnose and resistance or high levels of tolerance to powdery mildew (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="U. Braun & S. Takamatsu" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Cooke & Peck" class="Ascomycetes" family="Erysiphaceae" genus="Erysiphe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Erysiphe pulchra" order="Erysiphales" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">Erysiphe pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Phyllactinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllactinia guttata" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">Phyllactinia guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, Y" journalOrPublisher="Plant Disease" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" pagination="1084 - 1092" publicationUrl="10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1084" refId="B25" refString="Li, Y, Mmbaga, MT, Windham, AS, Windham, MT, Trigiano, RN, 2009. Powdery mildew of dogwoods: current status and future prospects. Plant Disease 93 (11): 1084 - 1092, DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1084" title="Powdery mildew of dogwoods: current status and future prospects." url="10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1084" volume="93" year="2009">Li et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ranney, TG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arboriculture" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" pagination="11 - 16" refId="B46" refString="Ranney, TG, Grand, LF, Knighten, JL, 1995. Susceptibility of cultivars and hybrids of kousa dogwood to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew. Journal of Arboriculture 21: 11 - 16" title="Susceptibility of cultivars and hybrids of kousa dogwood to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew." volume="21" year="1995">Ranney et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Trigiano et al. 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Additional collections from the same individual from which the holotype was collected, but at other dates:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">R. Mattera 26</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">R. Mattera 28</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">R. Mattera 30</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="102">R. Mattera 32</emphasis>
|
||
, will all be deposited at CHR, NY, and MO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |