273 lines
35 KiB
XML
273 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="51C2879C997551523C43B819769A6757" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1064078" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b3928ce-b7c6-42a2-ab24-995c30a122cc" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1064078" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatments_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1509026712061" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Leidy, J." docDate="1860" docId="E87287902E71CC2F164DFB15FE79FE8E" docLanguage="en" docName="Leidy_1860_Extinct_Verbtebrata(almost done).imf" docOrigin="Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 11" docSource="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3231936?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Trachodon mirabilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="144BFFE82E70CC2B1542F809FFA5F822" masterDocTitle="Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite formations of Nebraska." masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1698458969430" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="30555269B91E96E512058064BD6882C2">
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<mods:title id="703BF540EA2A9058BAC89A289E3A03FF">Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite formations of Nebraska.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DD523F1FEB922C6B92DA0A3E560C63F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="07258DAA27AAE558588018437085CEC8">Leidy, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BE5CFBB95546C3ED2CC703FB2EAD61AA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="996ABC88958FC0109BAE706799B6B2B9">Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="762BB36C05A1BF17F462A642CA7D34E4">1860</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D972ADB2F9C3137C7720304F8773D51">11</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B2E5DC17E3FB6E113B8A4A7A81DEC7CF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="83214A5DE13628CDD958B3EDC97C97D5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1064078</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C30157DE6EC038064F8ECDAFEFD69880" type="Zenodo-Dep">1064078</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E87287902E71CC2F164DFB15FE79FE8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295659" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159265487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6295659" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87287902E71CC2F164DFB15FE79FE8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87287902E71CC2F164DFB15FE79FE8E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<subSubSection id="28C1650D2E71CC2A164DFB15FBFAFB1C" box="[783,1119,796,830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="606436862E71CC2A164DFB15FBFAFB1C" blockId="1.[248,1658,795,2143]" box="[783,1119,796,830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A164DFB15FBFFFB1F" authority="Leidy, 1856" box="[783,1114,796,830]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Trachodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Trachodon mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28C1650D2E71CC2F1461FB5FFB3EFAB6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="606436862E71CC2A1461FB5FFB61FC32" blockId="1.[248,1658,795,2143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A1461FB5FFED1FB5A" box="[291,372,854,888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">With</emphasis>
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comparatively few exceptions, the living reptiles, whether turtle, saurian, serpent, or batrachian, are carnivorous in habit, and so far as we have been able to learn, such also appears generally to have been the case with the extinct forms of the same class, if we may judge from the anatomical structure of their remains.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E71CC2A1460FC28FECBFD84" blockId="1.[248,1658,795,2143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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In all the living forms of reptile life, when they are in possession of teeth, these organs are observed to be constructed for the penetration and cutting of food, whatever the nature of the latter may be; and in no known instance are they adapted to the crushing or mastication of substances. Even in the family of Iguanians, in which we find genera, such as the
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A14F7FCE1FD94FD28" box="[437,561,1256,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A14F7FCE1FDBEFD28" box="[437,539,1256,1290]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" genus="Iguana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguana</taxonomicName>
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*
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</emphasis>
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of South America and the
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A16ABFCE1FB76FD28" box="[1001,1235,1256,1290]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" genus="Amblyrhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A16ABFCE1FB76FD28" box="[1001,1235,1256,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Amblyrhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of the Galapagos Islands, using exclusively vegetable food, the teeth with their trenchant, jagged crowns, together form an instrument adapted to cutting like a saw, rather than one intended to bruise substances.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E71CC2A1462FDBDFDCAFF49" blockId="1.[248,1658,795,2143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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In the same category indicated in the preceding paragraph, it had been ascertained that all extinct reptiles belonged, until the discovery in the Wealden Deposit of England, by Dr. Mantell, of the great
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A17DEFE11FCE7FE18" box="[668,834,1560,1594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A17DEFE11FC9BFE18" box="[668,830,1560,1594]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguanodon</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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It was therefore not at all surprising when the illustrious Cuvier first observed a tooth of the latter, that he pronounced it to be the incisor of a
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A14E0FE76FDEDFE83" box="[418,584,1663,1697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A14E0FE76FDE1FE83" box="[418,580,1663,1697]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Rhinoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinoceros</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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more especially as the specimen, which was in a much worn condition, really bore a strong resemblance to the corresponding tooth it was supposed to be. Nor did the determination at the time excite any degree of wonder, though it was a matter of much surprise that remains of the
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A167FFF1CFC7BFF15" box="[829,990,1813,1847]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" genus="Rhinoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A167FFF1CFC7BFF15" box="[829,990,1813,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Rhinoceros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should have been found in a formation so ancient as the Wealden.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E71CC291463FF70FC47F947" blockId="1.[248,1658,795,2143]" lastBlockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A1463FF70FEE9FFB9" box="[289,332,1913,1947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Dr</emphasis>
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. Mantell afterwards, having sent a number of teeth of the
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A1060FF70FA1AFFB9" box="[1314,1471,1913,1947]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A1060FF70FA1AFFB9" box="[1314,1471,1913,1947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Iguanodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for the examination of Cuvier; the latter was led to remark,—“ It is perhaps not impossible that they may belong to a saurian, but to one more extraordinary than any of which we possess knowledge. The character which renders them unique, is the wearing
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC291006F918FA31F911" box="[1348,1428,273,307]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">away</emphasis>
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of the crown transversely, as in the herbivorous quadrupeds.”
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</paragraph>
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<footnote id="03C02A882E71CC2A145BF014FAACF07F" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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<paragraph id="606436862E71CC2A145BF014FAACF07F" blockId="1.[248,1658,795,2143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
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* I n an
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E71CC2A14D2F014FDD9F01A" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[400,636,2077,2104]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" genus="Iguana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A14D2F014FDD9F01A" box="[400,636,2077,2104]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">lguana tuberculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A1789F014FD42F01A" box="[715,743,2077,2104]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">St</emphasis>
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. Thomas,
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E71CC2A1624F014FC22F01A" box="[870,903,2077,2104]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">W</emphasis>
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. I., I found the stomach distended with vegetable matters alone, consisting of entire seeds, berries, fragments of soft stems, leaves and flowers.
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<paragraph id="606436862E72CC2915F6F97DFE22F9DC" blockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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Subsequent researches of Dr. Mantell led to the conclusion that the
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC291042F97DFA38F9B4" box="[1280,1437,372,406]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC291042F97DFA38F9B4" box="[1280,1437,372,406]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Iguanodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was a huge herbivorous saurian, which masticated its food in the manner of the existing pachyderm mammals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E72CC2915F7FA04FA10FAB6" blockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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Among the most interesting palaeontological discoveries of Dr. Hayden in Western America, are several fossil specimens from the Judith River, which prove the former existence of a large herbivorous lizard, nearly allied to the great extinct
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC29112FFA7BFAAFFAB6" box="[1133,1290,626,660]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC29112FFA7BFAAFFAB6" box="[1133,1290,626,660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Iguanodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of Europe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E72CC2915F5FAADFBF1FCA8" blockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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The specimens, consisting of the unworn crown of a tooth, and portions of several muchworn teeth, at the time they were sent to the author for examination, were noticed in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of this city, as characteristic of a new genus of extinct herbivorous saurians, with the name of
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC291176FB49FAD3FB79" authority="Leidy, 1856" box="[1076,1398,832,859]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Trachodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">trachodon mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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. Subsequently a large collection of remarkably well preserved remains of another huge saurian, closely allied to
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC2914D0FB96FD8CFBE3" authority="Leidy, 1856" box="[402,553,927,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Trachodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC2914D0FB96FD8CFBE3" box="[402,553,927,961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Trachodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC291737FB96FCBCFBE3" box="[629,793,927,961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC291737FB96FCB1FBE3" box="[629,788,927,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguanodon</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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were obtained by our fellow member, W. Parker Foulke,
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC291456FBD8FEF1FBD1" box="[276,340,977,1011]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Esq</emphasis>
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., from the green sand clay, in the neighbourhood of Haddonfield, New Jersey, not far distant from this city. The collection was presented by
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC2911DEFC0AFB68FC07" box="[1180,1229,1027,1061]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Mr</emphasis>
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. Foulke to the Academy of Natural Sciences, and was the subject of a short communication, in which the animal was characterized with the name of
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC29164DFC61FBF1FCA8" box="[783,1108,1128,1162]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hadrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foulkii">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC29164DFC61FBF1FCA8" box="[783,1108,1128,1162]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Hadrosaurus Foulkii.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E72CC2915FAFC92FC3BFDCB" blockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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Of the specimens of
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<materialsCitation id="D0B33CDB2E72CC291752FC92FDF8FC9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2365833108" box="[528,605,1179,1213]" collectorName="W. Parker Foulke" country="United States" lithostratigraphicTerms="green sand clay" location="Haddonfield" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" preperations="teeth, unworn crown" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Jersey">teeth</materialsCitation>
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referred to
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC291671FC92FC7CFC9F" box="[819,985,1179,1213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC291671FC92FC76FC9F" authority="Leidy, 1856" box="[819,979,1179,1213]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Trachodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trachodon</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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the unworn crown is the most important. It is represented in
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E72CC2917C1FCC7FC60FCD2" box="[643,965,1230,1264]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">plate 9, figures 1—3</figureCitation>
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, and is conical in form and slightly curved in its length. An examination of more perfect teeth of
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E72CC2911D0FD09FAF6FD00" box="[1170,1363,1280,1314]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hadrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC2911D0FD09FAF6FD00" box="[1170,1363,1280,1314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Hadrosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has led me to consider the specimen as having belonged to the lower jaw. Its inner face, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E72CC291038FD3AFA62FD77" box="[1402,1479,1331,1365]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">fig. 1</figureCitation>
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,) is alone invested with enamel, is lozenge-shaped in outline, and is divided by a prominent median carina or ridge. The surfaces between the latter and the lateral borders of the crown are slightly depressed, smooth and shining.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E72CC2915F8FDF3FC1FFE91" blockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">The upper borders of the lozenge-like enamelled surface are the longer, but are neither serrated nor tuberculated, though they are slightly rugose towards the outer aspect of the tooth. The apex of the latter as formed by the enamelled surface is rounded, the lateral angles are obtuse, and the inferior angle is notched.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E72CC2915FEFECAFDAEFF8F" blockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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The portion of the tooth exterior to the enamelled surface is subtrihedral above and becomes pentahedral below, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E72CC291772FEFCFD14FF35" box="[560,689,1781,1815]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
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,). The lateral or innermost divisions of the pentahedral portion of the crown, apparently exhibit the impress of the summits of laterally succeeding teeth, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E72CC29144AFF51FEDAFF58" box="[264,383,1880,1914]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">
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fig. 2,
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E72CC29142DFF51FEDAFF58" box="[367,383,1880,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">a</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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,) and the remaining surfaces of the exterior of the tooth are roughened with granular tubercles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E72CC2815FFFFB7FB51F953" blockId="2.[142,1547,271,2114]" lastBlockId="3.[248,1655,284,2186]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">The broken base of the specimen is irregularly hexahedral in outline, and presents at its middle the open pulp cavity in the form of an ellipsoidal figure, with the long diameter directed from without inwardly. The walls of the cavity are from one to one and a half lines thick, and appear quite roughened on their interior surface.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E73CC281463F98BFBA5FA2A" blockId="3.[248,1655,284,2186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
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A transverse section of the crown, about the middle, gives an outline such as is exhibited in
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC2814C3F9BDFE5FF9F4" box="[385,506,436,470]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figure 4</figureCitation>
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, a section of the bottom of the crown, as in
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC2811F3F9BDFA8CF9F4" box="[1201,1321,436,470]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figure 5</figureCitation>
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, and a section of the broken extremity of the specimen, as in
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC2816C0F9EFFC5EFA2A" box="[898,1019,486,520]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figure 6</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E73CC281463FA10F9C8FABD" blockId="3.[248,1655,284,2186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">The measurements of this specimen are as follows:—Length of the enamelled surface, 13 lines; greatest breadth at the lateral angles of this surface, 5 1/2 lines; diameter at base of crown, from within outwardly, 5 lines; diameter, laterally or antero-posteriorly, 4 lines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E73CC281460FAB9FDA4FC46" blockId="3.[248,1655,284,2186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
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Three much worn specimens of teeth of
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E73CC281684FAB9FBC3FAF0" box="[966,1126,688,722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E73CC281684FAB9FBC4FAF0" authority="Leidy, 1856" box="[966,1121,688,722]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Trachodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trachodon</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC28113DFAB9FA89FAF0" box="[1151,1324,688,722]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figs. 7—15</figureCitation>
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,) are apparently the remains of fangs; the crowns or portions of the teeth faced with enamel having been worn away. The specimens have the form of transverse fragments of a parallelogram, with concave sides, and with one border bevelled off. The triturating surface (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC2810CAFB4EF9FEFB4B" box="[1416,1627,839,873]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figs. 9, 12, 15</figureCitation>
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,) is concave, and presents a slightly elevated crucial ridge, with smaller diverging branches. The ridge is of a harder substance than the including dentine, and was no doubt intended to preserve a rough condition of the triturating surface as this is worn away. The under part of the specimens, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC28172FFC19FD7CFC10" box="[621,729,1040,1074]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">
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fig. 8
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E73CC28178BFC19FD7CFC10" box="[713,729,1040,1074]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">e</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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,) is more or less hollowed, apparently from the pressure of succeeding teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E73CC281462FC7CFC29FCE8" blockId="3.[248,1655,284,2186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">The length of the specimens is from 3 to 4 lines; the breadth of the triturating surface, from the parallel sides, from 2 1/2 to 3 lines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E73CC281460FCD3FD1BFD46" blockId="3.[248,1655,284,2186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
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Two additional specimens, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC281790FCD3FC2AFCDE" box="[722,911,1242,1276]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figs. 16—20</figureCitation>
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,) found with the preceding, may perhaps belong to a different animal, but it is quite probable also that they belong to a different part of the jaws of the same animal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E73CC281463FD7DFC4AF0AA" blockId="3.[248,1655,284,2186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
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One of these specimens, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC2817E8FD7DFCC3FDB4" box="[682,870,1396,1430]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figs. 18—20</figureCitation>
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,) consists of the crown of a tooth with a small portion of one side broken away. The crown is a broad four-sided pyramid, with an acute summit rising to a short point. The outer surface, as it is presumed to be, is nearly vertical, devoid of enamel, and elevated into a longitudinal ridge on one side, as represented in
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC281460FE37FE09FE42" box="[290,428,1598,1632]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figure 20</figureCitation>
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. This surface has been slightly roughened, but is worn smooth for part of its extent from attrition of an opposing tooth. The inner surface, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC2811BCFE78FAC5FEB1" box="[1278,1376,1649,1683]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">fig. 18</figureCitation>
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,) is concave, and elevated into a longitudinal ridge, opposite that on the outer surface; besides which, it has three short ridges extending from the summit of the tooth. On the unbroken side of the specimen, it is likewise embraced by a ridge, curving fromthe summit to the base of the crown. The unbroken side of the latter, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E73CC2816C8FF30FC48FF79" box="[906,1005,1849,1883]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">fig. 19</figureCitation>
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,) is triangular, convex, and tuberculated; is separated from the inner surface of the tooth by the curving ridge just mentioned; and from the outer surface by a ridge, which is transversely notched in the manner of the lateral borders of the teeth of
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E73CC281791FFD9FCDDFFD0" box="[723,888,2000,2034]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E73CC281791FFD9FCD1FFD0" box="[723,884,2000,2034]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Iguanodon</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Below this side of the crown, the base of the specimen presents a sort of osseous envelope or thickening, which becomes obsolete on the outer face of the specimen. The base of the crown beneath and on each side is hollowed, apparently from the pressure of three successors.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15F8F918FC29F946" blockId="4.[144,1542,272,661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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The length of this specimen, on the outer side, as represented in
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E74CC2F11FEF918FAE1F911" box="[1212,1348,273,307]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figure 20</figureCitation>
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, is 5 1/2 lines; the breadth, 4 lines; the width at base, 4 3/4 lines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15FAF97DFB3EFAB6" blockId="4.[144,1542,272,661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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Another specimen consists of the longitudinal fragment of a tooth, as represented in
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E74CC2F15D3F9AFFE87F9EA" box="[145,290,422,456]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figure 16</figureCitation>
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. The triturating surface, (
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<figureCitation id="F8E02A032E74CC2F17AFF9AFFCDAF9EA" box="[749,895,422,456]" captionText="1-20. Trachodon mirabilis 21-48. Deinodon horridus 49-52. Palaeoscincus costatus 53-55. Troodon formosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1068922/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" targetBox="[57,1772,29,2210]" targetPageId="17">figure 17</figureCitation>
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,) is level and smooth, and corresponds with the transverse section of the fragment. This section is quadrate, with one of the sides formed by the broken border of the tooth. The other sides are concave, with the intervening angles prolonged; one of them being bevelled, and the other doubly so. The base of the fragment is enveloped in a thick, rugged osseous layer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28C1650D2E74CC2F1717FAE7FE79FE8E" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F1717FAE7FB9BFB32" blockId="4.[597,1086,748,786]" box="[597,1086,750,784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E74CC2F1717FAE7FBBDFB32" box="[597,1048,750,784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Explanation of Figures, Plate</emphasis>
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9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15ECFB3DFCA8FB6D" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[174,781,820,847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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Figures 1—20, Teeth of
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<taxonomicName id="A7DB4D052E74CC2F14A1FB3DFCACFB6F" authority="Leidy, 1856" box="[483,777,820,847]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Trachodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Trachodon mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15ECFB56FDC3FB58" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[174,614,863,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figures 1—6, of the size of Nature.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15ECFB80FD05FB86" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[174,672,905,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figures 7—20, magnified two diameters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15ECFBBAFD4BFBD8" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 1. Inner view of an inferior tooth, exhibiting the lozenge-shaped enamel surface divided by a median carina. The form of the fang restored in outline.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15ECFC00FCBDFC72" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 2. Lateral view of the same specimen, exhibiting the roughened outer surface, and at a a portion of the surface impressed by the crown of a lateral successor.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EEFC68FD7CFC5E" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[172,729,1121,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 3. Outer view of the same specimen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EEFC82FC60FC84" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[172,965,1163,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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Figure 4. Section of the crown at the position marked
|
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E74CC2F1622FC82FCD1FC84" box="[864,884,1163,1190]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">b,</emphasis>
|
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fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EEFCB1FA8BFCF1" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[172,1326,1208,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 5. Section at the position marked c, fig. 1..</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EEFCEAFC93FCDC" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[172,822,1251,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
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Figure 6. Section at the broken extremity
|
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E74CC2F1792FCEAFD43FCDC" box="[720,742,1251,1278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">d,</emphasis>
|
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fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EEFD07FB50FD0B" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[172,1269,1294,1321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 7. Remains of a much worn tooth, apparently from the upper jaw, external view.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EFFD33FB32FD77" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[173,1175,1338,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
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Figure 8. Internal view of the same specimen, exhibiting at
|
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E74CC2F16E6FD33FC0AFD77" box="[932,943,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">e</emphasis>
|
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the hollowed base.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EFFD6DF9A6FD5D" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[173,1539,1380,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 9. Triturating surface of the same specimen, exhibiting the crucial ridge of harder dentinal substance.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EFFD99FBE8FD89" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[173,1101,1424,1451]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
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Figures 10,
|
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<emphasis id="52AFEA942E74CC2F1406FD99FEC7FD89" bold="true" box="[324,354,1424,1451]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">11</emphasis>
|
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, 12. Similar views to those last indicated, of another tooth.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15ECFDB3FC89FDF7" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[174,812,1466,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figures 13, 14, 15. Similar views of a third tooth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EFFDEDF9A5FDDD" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[173,1536,1508,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 16. Outer view of the remainder of a much worn tooth; the base enveloped by a thick osseous crust-</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EEFE19FCE3FE09" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[172,838,1552,1579]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 17. Triturating surface of the same specimen.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EEFE33FBE4FE77" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[172,1089,1594,1621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 18. A slightly worn tooth, of peculiar form; apparent inner view.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15EFFE6AFD56FE5C" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[173,755,1635,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 19. Lateral view of the same specimen.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="606436862E74CC2F15ECFE98FE79FE8E" blockId="4.[142,1541,820,1708]" box="[174,476,1681,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figure 20. Outer view.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |