treatments-xml/data/A9/69/59/A96959CFCDC51C11FAB13983309A69BF.xml

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<mods:title id="E15C30AE1FECA3C9391CF8F01E554FE6">Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="313D56195F110C74957CEBF5EAF28F8B">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8D66FF1186EAF0B19282423F6F1D5BB">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EC05880CC52EFCEE5EEE48B249E38627">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A96959CFCDC51C11FAB13983309A69BF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231522642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A96959CFCDC51C11FAB13983309A69BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A96959CFCDC51C11FAB13983309A69BF" lastPageNumber="1002" pageNumber="1002" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000270">
<subSubSection id="2B1346D904A6C7C0209DA334E4D63665" pageNumber="1002" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E38B99B578E3201D29B7C987C13D4CC" pageNumber="1002">
<taxonomicName id="08171F2D7097899FCA63109487F3322C" ID-CoL="7VV7W" authority="Miller 1908" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="CCC7CDF1ECE1B61BF26BF9F80080D075" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) levis</emphasis>
Miller 1908
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5C7E9620C8489131F2612F2DBA43184" pageNumber="1002" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8230BEF10F8CA70E3F2D194B7B55BE04" pageNumber="1002">
<treatmentCitation id="40F3EC4391126C248A68C73F45FEB341" author="Miller" authority="Miller 1908" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="197" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis" subGenus="Microtus" title="Microtus (Microtus) levis" volume="1" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="E957C4FA0415B42B15281F2759F05B60" ID-CoL="7VV7W" authority="Miller 1908" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="2F1591C6DA6B6C2F7A20F8D3C3C7AF2A" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) levis</emphasis>
Miller 1908
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibCitation id="5036E4B4FFA5DCDC5BDAD0C9DAFFF961" author="Miller" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8" pageNumber="1002" pagination="197" title="Microtus (Microtus) levis" volume="1" year="1908">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 1: 197</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6F8E534388F235B18B28861128D57A5B" pageNumber="1002" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2CD985D7F976E150A3380743BA1A6CA2" pageNumber="1002">
<emphasis id="E3DE8DD554A7CC61F4386487B2A55BED" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1002">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B010CBD9E2A6ABB467CF88942B6C0971" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286464" country="Romania" pageNumber="1002" stateProvince="Prahova">
<collectingCountry id="D6EF1BB35A8F6B200199085CF742E255" name="Romania">Romania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="E6AD9BCF1090A2D5DDED663BD0BB1D88" country="Romania" name="Prahova">Prahova</collectingRegion>
, Gageni, in foothills of S Carpathian Mtns north of Bucharesti (after 
<bibRefCitation id="F064C1CEBC89BD5729E7A159A70FCC2B" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:698</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AF2AF6EA3009F31BC87D4D241A85398E" pageNumber="1002" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="69CDD35DC390A4A972247A23C392143E" pageNumber="1002">
<emphasis id="596F934C2E5F9D59462A1E20BD5BD2E5" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1002">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="5B396DD84D94E953D9DF35CBAF946F46" language="eng" pageNumber="1002">East European Vole</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7F8FB590CE6BF7453A1CC7968A16E8D3" pageNumber="1002" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="0E7999AA485137964B516FAB1D077E9C" pageNumber="1002">
<emphasis id="C911C9078A74D15DC172D7DAA7BDED82" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1002">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3728F1F8947FC4E6D3CE281103597A86" authority="Ognev 1950" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspicus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="1CADEE1DCEBD7CAAF235FC7504291A4B" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) caspicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7FB123D5EDC1A821262A0A5B9D1C60E9" author="Ognev, S. I." refId="ref264593" refString="Ognev, S. I. 1950. Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie). (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii) [Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (continued). (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia)]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 7: 1 - 706 + 15 maps (in Russian)." year="1950">Ognev 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="F3540B8FA0D80E3671618B5A3EE6229F" authority="Ondrias 1966" authorityName="Ondrias" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiroticus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="4C9BAD28B760648A33FF0CE73C5C086C" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) epiroticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B8DD3A574769E579278CE1FD717EEFB8" author="Ondrias, J. C." refId="ref266903" refString="Ondrias, J. C. 1966. The taxonomy and geographical distribution of the rodents of Greece. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 14, sonderheft, 1: 1 - 136." year="1966">Ondrias 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2ADB766BF32DC18E1E8CEFE348388859" authority="Krassovsky 1929" authorityName="Krassovsky" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ghalgai" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="B3A744B6368BF31351A4740A8F7D2998" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) ghalgai</emphasis>
Krassovsky 1929
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="EAA264E332DA299792140D28E07FBCA8" authority="Neuhäuser 1936" authorityName="Neuhäuser" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muhlisi" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="7C055841841F8D068CE50D39CD82BD56" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) muhlisi</emphasis>
Neuhäuser 1936
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="99F22DA6F5E6534813FF97277C7E6D61" authority="Neuhäuser 1936" authorityName="Neuhäuser" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="88EC0465F7B6B2553D21CA22726D2037" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) relictus</emphasis>
Neuhäuser 1936
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="51B40E4061A69079C57CBC7D4C3C840A" authority="Heinrich 1936" authorityName="Heinrich" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodopensis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="3BF99D7EAE0B9042C20FB64C5F3A91DE" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) rhodopensis</emphasis>
Heinrich 1936
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="0F6A7FFC8CF95396A3ABDDF4D2DB2418" authority="Ognev 1924" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="8F499DC39ACB920AD3762D58E171CEDD" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
Ognev 1924
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="B340B12600D1617B97B6061D53639B54" authority="Meyer, Orlov, and Skholl 1972" authorityName="Meyer, Orlov, and Skholl" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1002" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subarvalis" subGenus="Microtus">
<emphasis id="3D6687D0E7C1BD2E76F158EDFA4F1B65" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus (Microtus) subarvalis</emphasis>
Meyer, Orlov, and Skholl 1972
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5FA8A8AF10E1C2BC40EC8134638BD81" pageNumber="1002" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EFF3C2A3C26DE64824AE4B6116A59BCC" pageNumber="1002">
<emphasis id="ADF29F14932A9F473E5CD6F8AB877962" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1002">Distribution:</emphasis>
S 
<collectingCountry id="D253DE2F48B7730CF15F0627A1E28488" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
and Baltic region (
<bibRefCitation id="65F7C065387DEFC84F315A6051ED1022" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241590" refString="Miljutin, A. 1997. Ecomorphology of the Baltic rodents: Body form, ecological strategies and adaptive evolution. Folia Theriologica Estonica, 3: 1 - 111." year="1997">Miljutin, 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E73F5F07CE892D601C0B92B2D8D348C" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241621" refString="Miljutin, A. 1998. Ecological strategies of the Baltic rodents. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 52 (1 / 2): 20 - 30." year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4E6CE928153CB05CD972222BF91F41BF" author="Timm, U. &amp; V. Pilats &amp; L. Balciauskas" refId="ref356772" refString="Timm, U., V. Pilats, and L. Balciauskas. 1998. Mammals of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 52 (594 / 595): 1 - 9." year="1998">Timm et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
), eastwards through S Urals (
<bibRefCitation id="BCFA4E3E7EF23CD6467FE2AD8C71C23D" author="Gileva, E. A. &amp; M. I. Cheprakov &amp; D. Yu Nochrin" refId="ref121110" refString="Gileva, E. A., M. I. Cheprakov, and D. Yu Nochrin. 1996. [Voles of the group Microtus arvalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Urals.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (9): 1436 - 1439 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1996">Gileva et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
) and Novosibirsk suburbs in W Siberia (
<bibRefCitation id="855D81F10249C00C9CE5F68BDE6FFE8D" author="Yakimenko, L. V. &amp; A. P. Kryukov" refId="ref396888" refString="Yakimenko, L. V., and A. P. Kryukov. 1997. [On karyotype variation in common vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 76 (3): 375 - 378 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">Yakimenko and Kryukov, 1997</bibRefCitation>
) to 
<collectionCode id="B32E6FCF699A6C4B12FEFEE5BBE6BA55">SW</collectionCode>
margin of Lake Baikal, south through the Caucasus (
<bibRefCitation id="9F11B691AD3ADA0B7AC3D7400B378CC8" author="Baskevich, M. I." refId="ref22459" refString="Baskevich, M. I. 1996 b. [On the karyological differentiation in Caucasian population of common vole (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Microtus).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (2): 297 - 308 (in Russian)." year="1996">
Baskevich, 1996 
<emphasis id="AE13B414F9000B77E4394C0AA84D17E6" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
) and probably NW 
<collectingCountry id="473A6AF40EF23F22F4EA853B3B02398E" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
, and across the 
<collectingCountry id="A852614CDE070C8FC35C4F8B2A13A97D" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
in the north and 
<collectingCountry id="39F22C99C02CC6DE6E399394A451B5D0" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
in the south (Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001) to E 
<collectingCountry id="D56A7EA37856F03A3D877005DC523412" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
(Mošanský, 1994), E and S 
<collectingCountry id="15AC02DC3B4EE8C9D40CF68FF2844A0D" name="Romania">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C121D6635D0DEA92E6ACA484BE0F1B05" author="Zima, J. &amp; J. Cerveny &amp; V. Hrabe &amp; B. Kral &amp; M. Sebela" refId="ref407269" refString="Zima, J., J. Cerveny, V. Hrabe, B. Kral, and M. Sebela. 1981. On the occurrence of Microtus epiroticus in Rumania (Arvicolidae, Rodentia). Folia Zoologica, 30 (2): 139 - 146." year="1981">Zima et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="35E95CD4BA80AC469B5C70B37AA67C4E" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="AAECDF3C528D0A5AFBA4808928780128" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="084BEC2E9218B373AF742EDC7C26537D" name="Macedonia">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
and S 
<collectingCountry id="12B99A94B75E311197E11710152E51F4" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="654A598C0A80FE1D41A75D424F29518C" author="Petrov, B. M." refId="ref283163" refString="Petrov, B. M. 1992. Mammals of Yugoslavia. Insectivores and rodents. Natural History Museum in Belgrade, Supplement 37: 1 - 186." year="1992">Petrov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
), and E 
<collectingCountry id="F9110FE4358F05B9D1CFA8AAA8C67073" name="Albania">Albania</collectingCountry>
; accidentally introduced to the Arctic 
<collectingCountry id="8DECF89ECCF1BE1B7133E58A7706A2F8" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE28F266A091122CDC2EF02380AACF" author="Fredga, K. &amp; M. Jaarola &amp; R. A. Ims &amp; H. Steen &amp; N. G. Yoccoz" refId="ref108562" refString="Fredga, K., M. Jaarola, R. A. Ims, H. Steen, and N. G. Yoccoz. 1990. The ' common vole' in Svalbard identified as Microtus epiroticus by chromosome analysis. Polar Research, 8: 283 - 290." year="1990">Fredga et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E899AABCB8B18ECECF09D88EA356089D" author="Yoccoz, N. G. &amp; R. A. Ims &amp; H. Steen" refId="ref399756" refString="Yoccoz, N. G., R. A. Ims, and H. Steen. 1993. Growth and reproduction in island and mainland populations of the vole Microtus epiroticus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71: 2518 - 2527." year="1993">Yoccoz et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="1E2F19E96C6FA381B8134378B32E2998" authorityName="Ondrias" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiroticus">
<emphasis id="CB8A93BB661838C6AEB7646F8662E8C3" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">epiroticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Meyer et al. (1996) provide the best map.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="03A39EB907B5615F6A462A5252498630" pageNumber="1002" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="5C4226DDEF001289EA1B062490E11048" pageNumber="1002">
<emphasis id="9A2D08427792DFBE8081AC749886FBD4" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1002">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="B42A9684D674AA2422AD876A3726DFD9">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc) as 
<taxonomicName id="0D9C1720C461A56C7FE5177F7B16AA56" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="6DB8D15DF18E2F3F5A751C69A01B39A1" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CA2AD49AF905A9240636EF04441DE7A" pageNumber="1002" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F82E8707BAA772B0CA596DE249339D25" pageNumber="1002">
<emphasis id="7EDB4793992374D5EA05C9B2EE1174F4" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1002">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="E141A3F5C703A229C93C4B683C9BF0CB" pageNumber="1002">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="BB9F3690D8F36B6737EA52CA4E9DB3A5" baseAuthorityName="Conroy and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81DCABCBB926F9CE60018FF35E9833B7" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="A82B434F03CA365787D752CEA27A6E99" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="6FF42BDA86B089F1D130B1212873D96A" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<bibRefCitation id="045D4055D7C62F7E7A44BDDC6A069F1D" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya. &amp; O. L. Rossolimo" refId="ref277815" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian)." year="1987">Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 1998; 
<bibRefCitation id="5104D1280CF9FD0D8EB48E8F283D8765" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya &amp; E. L. Yakhontov &amp; A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
Pavlinov et al., 1995 
<emphasis id="8DD503AB9E2E69F5914EBFC3B6CF6232" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3D79786FA54C54999B35548F0FCBECD8" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref402957" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian)." year="1990">Zagorodnyuk, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Populations referable to this E European species (2n = 54, FN = 56), first separated from 
<taxonomicName id="D3246ECA9B3366791249FEE054A94E8E" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="0AF8C04A3E72B4D9972619C8330B7B5A" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="59940FD1FCB02F2429125387869F5196" author="Meyer, M. N. &amp; V. N. Orlov &amp; E. D. Scholl" refId="ref239018" refString="Meyer, M. N., V. N. Orlov, and E. D. Scholl. 1972. [On the nomenclature of 46 - and 54 - chromosome voles of the type Microtus arvalis (Pall.) (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologiskii Zhurnal, 51: 157 - 161 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1972">Meyer et al. (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, have been listed or discussed as 
<taxonomicName id="15FE9B4A2845C2E1472A39132B5F6D1F" authority="(Corbet, 1978 c)" baseAuthorityName="Corbet" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subarvalis">
<emphasis id="7AF3299BC53BC8685A2676559103F5ED" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">subarvalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9CD61BA8D5C4D98D545563504CA0D79F" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
Corbet, 1978 
<emphasis id="5A35F2F2480C62DD2EB4F92D5E8CA75E" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F1FCC7DE9A674B4EA51495F5CE20B7B0" authority="(Petrov and Ruzic, 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Petrov and Ruzic" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiroticus">
<emphasis id="21EC6AC755D8F5FBA4EABDEE8B6AC084" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">epiroticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA939126E42C88F24E5656083671D57E" author="Petrov, B. &amp; A. Ruzic" refId="ref282957" refString="Petrov, B., and A. Ruzic. 1982. Microtus epiroticus Ondrias, 1966 -- Sudfeldmaus. Pp. 319 - 330, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 2 / I: 1 - 649." year="1982">Petrov and Ruzic, 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, or 
<taxonomicName id="8E9FB198AE39C878E464EC15FFED17A3" authority="(Sokolov and Bashenina, 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Sokolov and Bashenina" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="249FD8C73267ABDBEA6112E666C560E9" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A3E09BC89AF660F2C7389D51D603E9E" author="Sokolov, V. E. &amp; N. V. Bashenina" refId="ref333043" refString="Sokolov, V. E., and N. V. Bashenina (eds.). 1994. [Species of the fauna of Russia and the contiguous countries. Common vole, the sibling species: Microtus arvalis Pallis, 1779, M. rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924.] Nauka Publishers, Moscow, 432 pp. (in Russian)." year="1994">Sokolov and Bashenina, 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Nomenclatural usage reviewed by Fredga (1995); 
<bibRefCitation id="D3063A70E876BF3EF139FDA4AAF6909D" author="Masing, M." refId="ref228456" refString="Masing, M. 1999. The skull of Microtus levis (Arvicolinae, Rodentia). Folia Theriologica Estonica (4), 1999: 76 - 90." year="1999">Masing (1999)</bibRefCitation>
consolidated reports over the last 30 years spread under those epithets. The senior status of 
<taxonomicName id="33CF568EDD556F4A0734E8403C5134D1" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="4D5134A0568F26D5D4120A9AED634D72" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains provisional.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8345032882A7FB5B216D2237EA1BBAB8" pageNumber="1002">
<taxonomicName id="142DD4655CD78CF1BAB9D34EE2CA5A7C" baseAuthorityName="Sokolov and Bashenina" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="E4A572E13AD43FA4BE1B7A8758580CB8" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is accepted by most researchers (
<bibRefCitation id="D9FDF10497078E1E925A1F6F35000835" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EA6C6C2D74ED631DDA2E11CEF4F9D99D" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. &amp; G. Amori &amp; W. Bogdanowicz &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; P. J. H. Reijnders &amp; F. Spitzenberger &amp; M. Stubbe &amp; J. B. M. Thissen &amp; V. Vohralik &amp; J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B0229F255926165167B155E484360975" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403023" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991 a. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' 46 - khromosomnykh form polevok gruppy Microtus arvalis (Rodentia): Taksonomicheskaya otsenka [Karyotypic variation of 46 - chromosome forms of voles of the Microtus arvalis group (Rodentia): Taxonomic evaluation]. Vestnik Zoologii, 1: 36 - 46 (in Russian)." year="1991">
Zagorodnyuk, 1991 
<emphasis id="42B143EF171952704427882AEE9B46B3" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
), following the assertions of 
<bibRefCitation id="A3C6D46295BA526CBC259DF0AC2F4C97" author="Malygin, V. M. &amp; V. N. Yatsenko" refId="ref223504" refString="Malygin, V. M., and V. N. Yatsenko. 1986. [Taxonomic nomenclature of sibling species of the common vole (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65: 579 - 591 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1986">Malygin and Yatsenko (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, but others still prefer 
<taxonomicName id="78778E4628CA523126F434E780B9C695" authority="(Mazurok et al., 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Mazurok" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subarvalis">
<emphasis id="4A39A2F4EB412765C4762F1CB545A749" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">subarvalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F98C2E41961D2BB939DB0C0248D10671" author="Mazurok, N. A. &amp; T. B. Nesterova &amp; S. M. Zakian" refId="ref232396" refString="Mazurok, N. A., T. B. Nesterova, and S. M. Zakian. 1995. High-resolution G-banding of chromosomes in Microtus subarvalis (Rodentia, Arvicolidae). Hereditas, 123: 47 - 52." year="1995">Mazurok et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="6155E39A0BF08BA921F74EC303274B21" baseAuthorityName="Petrov and Ruzic" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiroticus">
<emphasis id="8B7EE17E6D0DFCA6E7C2F4DE14349639" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">epiroticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1992 
<emphasis id="24C7E1DFA9455AC0CE8953BECFE09A5A" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">a</emphasis>
). Vohralík and Sofianidou (1992 
<emphasis id="2B3C1FBC4A91A509B2AC410D051387A8" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">a</emphasis>
:364), while accepting Malygin and Yatsenko’s conclusions, noted that &quot;a finite solution concerning the correct name of this vole cannot be made until the vole forms described earlier from northern 
<collectingCountry id="03D0AD254348B21333A11B09804AB223" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
(above all 
<taxonomicName id="CBE769B35E7E4FD9CBB151A84A6A80A4" baseAuthorityName="de Filippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
<emphasis id="0DD979936F314DFA31A1A7515068767A" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. mystacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) will be revised. That is why we prefer to use the commonly used name 
<taxonomicName id="470C59D0F563F62DE53DE2CC50B08479" baseAuthorityName="Petrov and Ruzic" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epiroticus">
<emphasis id="169343068D0DF8405270ECBBF5225E48" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. epiroticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the meantime.&quot; 
<bibRefCitation id="7ADBB7E3303E7A5E33C647B630B916B0" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403084" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991 b. Sistematicheskoe polozhenie Microtus brevirostris (Rodentiformes): Materialy po taksonomii i diagnostike gruppy &quot; arvalis &quot; [Systematic position of Microtus brevirostris (Rodentiformes): Materials toward the taxonomy and diagnostics of the &quot; arvalis &quot; group]. Vestnik Zoologii, 3: 26 - 35 (in Russian)." year="1991">
Zagorodnyuk (1991 
<emphasis id="DDEDB2BCADA36A74CEF79D6505175F86" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
illustrated and described cranial traits useful for distinguishing 
<taxonomicName id="97F2578426137D715D231DAF6145DEDA" baseAuthorityName="Sokolov and Bashenina" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="FDAC72131DCA40BBE413F82841ADE187" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="39AEDEEBAD7FAAFADE22E6910BF08B34" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="8F5EF0008763B4C7F0B36C1AAC38AA6C" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="73AE13969A669C60B1D5A4E0D5ADA866" author="Masing, M." refId="ref228456" refString="Masing, M. 1999. The skull of Microtus levis (Arvicolinae, Rodentia). Folia Theriologica Estonica (4), 1999: 76 - 90." year="1999">Masing (1999)</bibRefCitation>
applied Zagorodnyuk’s characters and new ones to distinguish large series of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="730C3DCA6702D09F0A2CE44E83C2AD98" baseAuthorityName="Sokolov and Bashenina" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="0BDF1BCF4D58A9F377FB0BE9822A0087" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (2n = 54) and 
<taxonomicName id="084634DD20D7B209A982F655B1786645" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="F11857AFEC96686FAEF19BBAAFE4B5C5" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2n = 46) with known karyotypes. He also confirmed that the type series of Miller’s (1908) 
<taxonomicName id="82511362C503641477318DFF9DFB4EAB" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="2BA1C62816D617C09A5B253C9B25B6FF" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(included in 
<taxonomicName id="4D568814B559651B6C71EE263321F5AF" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="A20390F1365F1607E5D0ED0784595A41" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="64CA57865A4F991E5A3C0C8E95CE9E03" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
) exhibited features typical of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="41B95DBB222E50159B515D81E83F60BE" baseAuthorityName="Sokolov and Bashenina" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="67BB6ACE0C25BEC5091E3B90A44E3072" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; but not 
<taxonomicName id="899C9B7BE7B4C24E2A1E186A43D8B8B5" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="0E42595A23DF11230580AB369A048FE7" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Masing’s (1999) identity is convincing and liberates vole researchers from &quot;the mouthful name 
<taxonomicName id="B31405518DB390D479FB02E3CD74AAEE" authority="&quot; (Fredga, 1995: 95)" authorityName="&quot; (Fredga" authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Fredga" baseAuthorityPageNumber="95" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="42C0C6EAEBFAEAEC0058943CB2B166BF" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
&quot; (Fredga, 1995:95)
</taxonomicName>
. Whether 
<taxonomicName id="3303EED67B327E24E9D4B54E33B8E2E2" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="6726F7FC59963AB54554BEA91422252C" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the oldest valid name awaits identity of 
<taxonomicName id="4BC5C495D53EECDA3FADF1A4F7F6FFAE" baseAuthorityName="de Filippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
<emphasis id="1DCD42C722D4A0F7C63EB96FD80CB8F8" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">mystacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(de Filippi, 1865; see 
<bibRefCitation id="7C20548DEBFF5D4A042578D9844A86AE" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:698</bibRefCitation>
) from the 
<collectingRegion id="6114DC86B395A58E3BEF910FACFD55A6" country="Iran" name="Alborz">Elburz</collectingRegion>
Mtns in N 
<collectingCountry id="1E4ADBF254139186AF82D39DAAA59B18" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
, as Vohralík and Sofianidou (1992 
<emphasis id="CEF0D2EEC435750602DC1551B50BA4DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">a</emphasis>
) had cautioned. 
<bibRefCitation id="ECD85657516BEB82D47C9B57C68742E9" author="Lay, D. M." refId="ref207358" refString="Lay, D. M. 1967. A study of the mammals of Iran resulting from the Street expedition of 1962 - 63. Fieldiana: Zoology, 54: 1 - 282." year="1967">Lay (1967)</bibRefCitation>
firmly associated the 
<typeStatus id="774919D43AFB78922C5BB99BACF24CA0">holotype</typeStatus>
and cotypes of 
<taxonomicName id="6BB7760B3CA97EC2EE098BBECBB3EAE8" baseAuthorityName="de Filippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
<emphasis id="0786566EB7D708295F9E4955E84A3799" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">mystacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="520289FA284205B6E1418434ECE254AE" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="3156AC3C7FC14E4B560035D3B121C7D2" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not 
<taxonomicName id="37DE9EE62F899D0888BEBA01EEF164D3" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
<emphasis id="8C5C9037668DC8FC95DD1268D624A310" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. socialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which occurs in the same region, but 
<taxonomicName id="94596799EC0C7AD1CC05D96327B44F49" authorityName="&quot; (Fredga" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossiaemeridionalis">
<emphasis id="81C44B5A242BAEC4231E124F59630F8E" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">rossiaemeridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had not yet been appreciated as distinct. Reexamination of the 
<typeStatus id="953266CFE947E09B13628DDA1DE8E29B">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="B29966C6A481E1A4DCF7460490D8C785" baseAuthorityName="de Filippi" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
<emphasis id="6117A254E687CDF2B77931FDB7E65996" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">mystacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="586A97FD9843977834306FECCE9F669A" pageNumber="1002">
Abundant cytological and morphological comparisons with the 
<taxonomicName id="A10A72E1914176E356822A298120E9BF" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="00A01C41A1E41374BC0C2A04C556B15D" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form of 
<taxonomicName id="23F565B69B754C1A89AB8C08199C3567" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="270C6B73CC103E7D21F1780A2E52E3BE" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
underscore the specific distinctness of 
<taxonomicName id="3AD3D4211FDC85FBB945C0534DD95CCB" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="9613B5385BC073CBB4D922F7DFC07C13" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="20F2674635E4EB1F69C0B53781119F8F" author="Gavrila, L. &amp; A. Lungeanu &amp; D. Murariu &amp; C. Stepan" refId="ref115898" refString="Gavrila, L., A. Lungeanu, D. Murariu, and C. Stepan. 1986. New contributions to the cytogenetic study of Microtus epiroticus (Ondrias, 1966) (Mammalia, Arvicolidae). Travaux du Museum d'Historie Naturalae &quot; Grigore Antipa &quot;, 28: 271 - 274." year="1986">Gavrila et al., 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Gilvea et al., 1996; 
<bibRefCitation id="668045B5D2C4F3D98814BF4AB5CD378C" author="Kral, B. &amp; J. Zima &amp; V. Hrabe &amp; J. Libosvarsky &amp; M. Sebela" refId="ref196660" refString="Kral, B., J. Zima, V. Hrabe, J. Libosvarsky, and M. Sebela. 1981. On the morphology of Microtus epiroticus. Folia Zoologica, 30: 317 - 330." year="1981">Kral et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
; Kratochvíl, 1982 
<emphasis id="7E909D67FB8E15DB160C4833EA200D11" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2AC483924CF35258EAFBBF93632EDDE0" author="Meyer, M. N. &amp; V. N. Orlov &amp; E. D. Scholl" refId="ref239018" refString="Meyer, M. N., V. N. Orlov, and E. D. Scholl. 1972. [On the nomenclature of 46 - and 54 - chromosome voles of the type Microtus arvalis (Pall.) (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologiskii Zhurnal, 51: 157 - 161 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1972">Meyer et al., 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="0DD6BC6BD531C6C75E7A9112AA6FAAD6" author="Naumova, E. I. &amp; R. A. Valensiya-Leon &amp; L. I. Lenets" refId="ref256986" refString="Naumova, E. I., R. A. Valensiya-Leon, and L. I. Lenets. 1990. [Differences in morphology of the stomach in species-twins: The common and eastern European voles.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 310: 1016 - 1020 (in Russian)." year="1990">Naumova et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="199B69636F31EC0A058171EAC11C8878" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403023" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991 a. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' 46 - khromosomnykh form polevok gruppy Microtus arvalis (Rodentia): Taksonomicheskaya otsenka [Karyotypic variation of 46 - chromosome forms of voles of the Microtus arvalis group (Rodentia): Taxonomic evaluation]. Vestnik Zoologii, 1: 36 - 46 (in Russian)." year="1991">
Zagorodnyuk, 1991 
<emphasis id="CC154C92877C9C26B2DACF037527B0BC" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis id="1E59111F5AD089FEAF4695B93AFA37D9" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2F199DB4E6098B34BFE4631CF85AC3AA" author="Zima, J. &amp; I. V. Zagorodnyuk &amp; V. A. Gaichenko &amp; T. O. Zhezherina" refId="ref407380" refString="Zima, J., I. V. Zagorodnyuk, V. A. Gaichenko, and T. O. Zhezherina. 1991. Polimorfizm i khromosomnaya izmenchivost' Microtus rossiaemeridionalis (Rodentiformes) [Polymorphism and chromosomal variability in Microtus rossiaemeridionalis (Rodentiformes)]. Vestnik Zoologii, 4: 48 - 53 (in Russian)." year="1991">Zima et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
), as do analyses of allozymes (
<bibRefCitation id="4D86E1AA1E711C43F645C46732CCB879" author="Mezhzherin, S. V. &amp; A. E. Zykov &amp; S. Yu. Morozov-Leonov" refId="ref240119" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V., A. E. Zykov, and S. Yu. Morozov-Leonov. 1993. [Biochemical variation and genetic divergence of Palearctic voles (Arvicolidae). Meadow voles, Microtus Schrank, 1798, snow voles, Chionomys Miller, 1908, water voles, Arvicola Lacepede, 1799.] Genetika, 29 (1): 28 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1993">Mezhzherin et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and cytochrome 
<emphasis id="5A68051951F797BC8B4CA362CF9878D9" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
sequences (
<bibRefCitation id="AE9A753DA9DB1A59AEA39E1AB7F5297D" author="Conroy, C. J. &amp; J. A. Cook" refId="ref64940" refString="Conroy, C. J., and J. A. Cook. 2000 a. Molecular systematics of a Holarctic rodent (Microtus: Muridae). Journal of Mammalogy, 81: 344 - 359." year="2000">
Conroy and Cook, 2000 
<emphasis id="C65FC8274C8284BF90B9BA0CE0E3E23F" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). High-resolution G-banding relates 
<taxonomicName id="52F50B22DF270A0B0186470ADDD35B01" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="6ACE20529DA49DF923CA5CE621A21DE9" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely to 
<taxonomicName id="48718B70C4BAD3EEC4CBC61E84ADA5AD" authorityName="Satunin" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">
<emphasis id="050E3F7C83D701FD6504BCC0A05B23D6" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. transcaspicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the 
<taxonomicName id="4A658F756BEAD3326F26874FFC1B6DCF" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="2E227EC0728410C92EE604C0E0F4943A" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<bibRefCitation id="D3FD7EB837639EF4B085B9DB7276336D" author="Mazurok, N. A. &amp; N. V. Rubtsova &amp; A. A. Isaenko &amp; T. B. Nesterova &amp; S. M. Zakian" refId="ref232492" refString="Mazurok, N. A., N. V. Rubtsova, A. A. Isaenko, T. B. Nesterova, and S. M. Zakian. 1996 b. Comparative analysis of chromosomes in Microtus transcaspicus and Microtus subarvalis (Arvicolidae, Rodentia): High-resolution G-banding and localization of NORs. Hereditas, 124: 243 - 250." year="1996">
Mazurok et al., 1996 
<emphasis id="79EA9C1AB2D142D15E8C304B2E6A91FE" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
), an affinity supported by phylogenetic analyses of chromosomal, morphological, and hybridization data (Meyer et al., 1996). Regional chromosomal variation reported for W Siberia (
<bibRefCitation id="89DE0D164210ECD0ABFA02B64C9D1737" author="Yakimenko, L. V. &amp; A. P. Kryukov" refId="ref396888" refString="Yakimenko, L. V., and A. P. Kryukov. 1997. [On karyotype variation in common vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 76 (3): 375 - 378 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">Yakimenko and Kryukov, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), the Caucasus (
<bibRefCitation id="930861002602307CCAC4A3F28D064639" author="Baskevich, M. I." refId="ref22459" refString="Baskevich, M. I. 1996 b. [On the karyological differentiation in Caucasian population of common vole (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Microtus).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (2): 297 - 308 (in Russian)." year="1996">
Baskevich, 1996 
<emphasis id="3AC5EA0BA302D7EF8244EA744019A011" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
), and Urals (
<bibRefCitation id="2B07A293986AC1CCCF870581CB523574" author="Gileva, E. A. &amp; M. I. Cheprakov &amp; D. Yu Nochrin" refId="ref121110" refString="Gileva, E. A., M. I. Cheprakov, and D. Yu Nochrin. 1996. [Voles of the group Microtus arvalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Urals.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 75 (9): 1436 - 1439 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1996">Gileva et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
); chromosomal and subchromosomal mapping documented by 
<bibRefCitation id="CB2C055C586F9EBBEACE141353397DDD" author="Mazurok, N. A. &amp; T. B. Nesterova &amp; S. M. Zakian" refId="ref232396" refString="Mazurok, N. A., T. B. Nesterova, and S. M. Zakian. 1995. High-resolution G-banding of chromosomes in Microtus subarvalis (Rodentia, Arvicolidae). Hereditas, 123: 47 - 52." year="1995">Mazurok et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. Albumin evolution using microcomplement fixation compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4707E441E1A43B0695550E95FE0C3D57" authority="(Nikoletopoulos et al., 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Nikoletopoulos" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
<emphasis id="45F26C0FA5F66C4F7DB9F6757C56350E" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. thomasi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A7835F2BD16EAD53BA273A0D9276B90D" author="Nikoletopoulos, N. P. &amp; B. P. Chondropoulos &amp; S. E. Fraguedakis-Tsolis" refId="ref261256" refString="Nikoletopoulos, N. P., B. P. Chondropoulos, and S. E. Fraguedakis-Tsolis. 1992. Albumin evolution and phylogenetic relationships among Greek rodents of the families Arvicolidae and Muridae. Journal of Zoology, London, 228: 445 - 453." year="1992">Nikoletopoulos et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Arvicoline examplar used to quantify gene expression patterns, development, and topography in the evolution of mammalian teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="291561BD51248FBF79C40DFC7C505B0F" author="Jernvall, J. &amp; S. V. E. Keranen &amp; I. Thesleff" refId="ref173917" refString="Jernvall, J., S. V. E. Keranen, and I. Thesleff. 2000. Evolutionary modification of development in mammalian teeth: Quantifying gene expression patterns and topography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97 (26): 14444 - 14448." year="2000">Jernvall et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="B5B1B4DCD48BE7D8C35EE7AC6616CFE9" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="8D3E8E2EA6BE86726F3D4802D862D226" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">Microtus arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3C67308B9669D5C402884CE77B837B3D" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="A2D000F5EE609EDE263C417B93F66B5C" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
broadly overlap in distribution (Meyer et al., 1996:129; 
<bibRefCitation id="42F7FA4266B07A984D590242A3BF82FE" author="Zagorodnyuk, I. V." refId="ref403084" refString="Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991 b. Sistematicheskoe polozhenie Microtus brevirostris (Rodentiformes): Materialy po taksonomii i diagnostike gruppy &quot; arvalis &quot; [Systematic position of Microtus brevirostris (Rodentiformes): Materials toward the taxonomy and diagnostics of the &quot; arvalis &quot; group]. Vestnik Zoologii, 3: 26 - 35 (in Russian)." year="1991">
Zagorodnyuk, 1991 
<emphasis id="442E468FEC2BF720C7048548D4E8D871" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">b</emphasis>
:30
</bibRefCitation>
) and occur sympatrically in a few regions (Meyer et al., 1996; 
<bibRefCitation id="E00BD555F9938B06A920510D2B745DAC" author="Tikhonov, I. A. &amp; G. N. Tikhonova &amp; L. V. Polyakova" refId="ref356509" refString="Tikhonov, I. A., G. N. Tikhonova, and L. V. Polyakova. 1998. [Sibling species of Microtus arvalis and Microtus rossiaemeridionalis in north-eastern Moscow District.] Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 77 (1): 95 - 100 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1998">Tikhonov et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="CF78A8EAA9FE8F625036F6E391423E9D" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva (1995)</bibRefCitation>
included 
<taxonomicName id="1AB79D67D65D39E45B477539EE704C02" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspicus">
<emphasis id="D9C3A8E97B3DD326CC5266EA75AED716" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">caspicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="45BEC5382327E804DD907A5BAA8545A1" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arvalis">
<emphasis id="707CA40722224D2573524F902FBDE04C" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. arvalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but 
<bibRefCitation id="862CB1331629124F11CDCD47C8B204F2" author="Malygin, V. M. &amp; T. M. Panteleichuk Santos Luis" refId="ref223325" refString="Malygin, V. M., and T. M. Panteleichuk Santos Luis. 1996. Morphological criteria for determination of taxonomic holotypes for simple vole species (Microtus, Rodentia, Mammalia). Doklady Biological Sciences, 348: 266 - 270 (translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, 348: 282 - 286)." year="1996">Malygin and Luis (1996)</bibRefCitation>
demonstrated its identity with 
<taxonomicName id="FE2227B79D8C0F0008739C4682AB488D" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="13524AF0C3A8098CC314592AA90DB3EF" italics="true" pageNumber="1002">M. levis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>